JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Botswana Open University

Setswana Sa JC

MOTHAMA 7

Tshekatsheko ya Tlhamo ya Bakwadi

©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Tiriso ya Ditswantshonyana
Fa o ntse o tsweletse le dithuto tsa gago, o tla lemoga tiriso ya ditshwantshonyana tse di mo
molelwaneng wa buka ya gago. Ditswantshonyana tse, di dirisiwa jaaka matshwao a a kayang
polelo e e rileng, tiro eo tshwanetseng go e dira kana phetogo ya tiro e o ntseng o e dira.
Di dirisitswe go go thusa go ithuta botoka mo dithutong tsa gago.
Mofuta o o feletseng wa ditshwantshonyana tseo o supilwe fa tlase fa. Itlwaetse
ditshwantshonyana tse le ditlhaloso tsa tsone pele ga o simolola thuto ya gago.

Maikaelelo a Thuto Metlobo

Tlelosari Metlobo

Tiro ya gago Maikaelelo a buka

Nako Maduo

Teko i Tshedimoso

A re ikgakolole Tshoboko

Metlobo e mengwe

©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Malebo
Re leboga botlhe ba ba nnileng le seabe mo go kwalweng ga mothama o, mme segolobogolo
ba ba latelang:

Morulaganyi wa Methamo (PDC-Setswana)

Boingotlo Moses

Mokwadi
Kgakgamatso Mogamapane

Morulaganyi wa Methamo wa nakwana

Keabetswe Dintwe

Morulaganyi wa diteng
Mpho Mmopi
Matthews Tselaesele

Morulaganyi wa Lephata
Mmaserame H.David

Mosekaseki
Olebogeng Patle

Motlanyi
Masole Otukile

Ditshwantsho
Masole Otukile

© 2018 BOU
O ka kwalela kwa atereseng e:
The Vice Chancellor
BOU
Private Bag BO 187
Tel: 3646000
Fax: 3191089
Gaborone, Botswana.

©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Diteng

Tshedimoso ya Tshekatsheko ya Tlhamo ya Bokwadi i

Thuto 1 - Ditiragalo 1

Thuto 2 - Baanelwa/ batshameki 22

Thuto 3 - Paka le lefelo la ditiragalo 35

Thuto 4 - Molaetsa 44

Thuto 5 - Poko 53

Dikarabo tsa a re Ikgakolole 70

Metlobo 75

©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Tshedimoso ya Mothama wa Tshekatsheko

Ke go amogela mo karolong ya Bobedi ya dithuto tsa Setswana sa JC. Ke itumelela gore

o bo o tsweletse sentle le dithuto tsa gago tsa Thutapuo. Karolo e ya bobedi ya dithuto
tsa gago, ke e e itebagantseng le tlhamo ya bokwadi. Tlhamo ya bokwadi fa, re lebeletse
padi (novel), motshwameko (drama) le poko (poetry). Maikaelelo a mothama o, ke go go
sedimosetsa ka tse di tlhokafalang fa o ithuta ka padi, motshameko le poko. Mo go one re go
fa dintlha ka botlalo tse di sekasekwang fa o ithuta ka tlhamo ya bokwadi. Mo go one ga re
a ikaega ka epe fela buka mme dikai re tla go di fa ka go tsaya kwa le le kwa mo dibukeng
tse di farologanyeng. Se re se direlela gore e re fa o setse o fiwa dibuka tse di tlhophetsweng
setlhopa sa gago, go di bala o bo o di sekaseka, o bo o setse o na le bokgoni jwa go sekaseka
tlhamo. Tshwara ka thata moithuti, letsema le thata ka mong.

Maikaelelo a mothama o ke eng?

Maikaelelo a karolo e ya Setswana ke gore kwa bofelong o bo o le motho yo o kgatlhegelang

go bala ka bophara e seng go balela ditlhatlhobo fela. Mo godimo ga moo, o tshwanetse
gore fa o fetsa karolo e, o bo o na le lesedi la gore se se batlegang mo bokwading ke eng, mo
eleng gore le wena o ka itlhamela dibuka le maboko a gago gape o na kitso e e tletseng ya
go sekaseka buka mo o ka kgonang go sekaseka tlhamo nngwe le nngwe e o tla a bong o e
neelwa le e iseng o kopane le yone.

Kwa bokhutlong jwa dithuto tse di mo mothameng o wa Thsekatsheko ya Tlhamo ya

Bokwadi, o tshwanetse go bo o ka kgona go:

• Tlhalosa ka botlalo dintlha tsa padi le motshameko di akaretsa:

• Ditragalo (plot) – thulaganyo, tsalano, lefelo le paka ya ditirgalo,

• Baanelwa kana batshameki

• Kgotlhang le setlhoa sa ditiragalo

• Molaetsa

• Tlhalosa ka botlalo dintlha tsa poko di akaretsa:

• Sebokiwa

• Molaetsa wa leboko

• Maikutlo a mmoki

• Dikapuo mo lebokong

• Mekgabisa ya leboko

Dintlha tse moithuti fa o setse o kopana le dibuka kana one maboko, o tshwanetse wa bo o di
tlhaloganya mme o ka di dirisa go sekaseka o na le bokgoni jo bo batlegang.

i ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Dithuto tsa Mothama o di rulagantswe jang?

Mothama o, o kgaogantswe ka dithuto di le tlhano gore go nne motlhofo mo go wena

moithuti, go o dirisa le go o tlhaloganya. Dithuto tse di kgaogantswe jaana:

Thuto 1 - Ditiragalo (plot)

Thuto 2 - Baanelwa/ batshameki

Thuto 3 - Paka le lefelo la ditiragalo

Thuto 4 - Molaetsa

Thuto 5 - Poko

Mothama o, ke o dirisa jang?

Mothama o ke one motshelakgabo wa gago wa go go fa bokgoni jwa go sekaseka tsa

bokwadi. O ikame thata mme o tla go thusa go le gontsi ka go sekaseka tsa tlhamo ya
bokwadi. Ya le dithuto tsa one ka go tlhatlologana ga tsone fela jalo ka gore dithuto tse ka go
latelelana ga tsone di a neelana. Thuto ya bofelo yone e itebagantse fela le poko o ka feletsa
ka yone o sena go ithuta ka tse di tlhokafalang mo pading le motshameko.

Mo go one mothama o, go na le dipotso tse re fetang re ntse re di go botsa go bona gore a o a

tlhaloganya. Re na le mefuta e le meraro ya diikatiso tse re di dirisang go go tlhatlhoba, tsone
ke tse:

(a) Tiro ya Gago

E ke ithuthuntsho e o e neelwang go go thusa go tlhaloganya setlhogwana se go buiwang
ka sone. Morago ga yone o neetswe dikarabo go go tswa tema, mme go mosola gore o
ikakanyetse pele, o se kopise fela ka go tla a bo go itsietsa wena. Ithuthuntsho e, e tla
kgapetsakgapetsa le thuto e ntse e tsweletse.

(b) A re ikgakolole
E, ke teko e e tlang morago ga thuto nngwe le nngwe. Maikaelelo a yone ke go go thusa go
ikgakolola se o se dirileng le go ikala gore a o tshwanelwa ke go tswelela kgotsa go tlhokega
gore o boelele thuto eo gape. Dikarabo tsa tiro e tsone di kwa bofelong jwa mothama o. Le
tsone fela jalo, o se ka wa di kopisa o dire tiro pele, o bo o itse go di lebelela.

(c) Pampiri ya tiro

E ke tiro e e tlang o sena go fetsa dithuto tsotlhe tsa mothama. Ka jalo yone e soboka e bo
e akaretsa tsotlhe tse o di dirileng mo mothameng, go go kala ka fa o tlhalogantseng ka
teng. Dipotso di bapisitswe fela thata le ka fa go tlwaelesegileng go botswa ka teng mo
ditlhatlhobong tsa makgaolakgang. Fa o fetsa tiro e o e romele kwa senthareng go tshwaiwa
kgotsa o e neele morutabana wa gago. Ke yone e tlaa supetsang bagolwane ba dithuto tsa
gago gore a o lekanye go ka kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa makgaolakgang kgotsa jang. Jalo go
botlhokwa gore o e tlhwaafalele.

ii ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Ke ka Bona kae Thuso?

Fa e ka re o ntse o lekana le dithuto tse, golo gongwe wa bona o sa tlhaloganye sengwe, wa
bona o palelwa ke go tshwara maduo a a botoka, se ineele. Nnyaa! Kopa thuso mo go bangwe.

Go na le badiri ba ba emetseng batho ba ba tshwanang le wena jaana go go fa thusa mo

dithutong tsa gago. Bone o ka ba bona kwa lefelong la dithuto le le gaufi le wena. Fa se ise
se nne teng fa o teng, kopa thuso mo bathong ba bangwe, e ka tswa e le mogoloo, monnao,
batsadi mo lwapeng, ba losika le ditsala. Kana re bone kwa ofising-kgolo kwa Gaborone
segolo jang fa o le mo Gaborone mme o batle Molomaganyi wa Dithuto tsa Setswana, o tla a
go thusa. Nomore ke ya gale e ke go e fileng mo mothameng wa ntlha.

Masego ke ao moithui, a re lekane le dithuto tsa mothama o!

iii ©2018 BOU

JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Thuto 1
Ditiragalo (plot)

i Tshedimoso

Mo dithutong tse nne re ne re itibagantse le go sekaseka padi le motshameko. Re supile gore fa

re bala padi kgotsa motshemeko, re a bo re bala ditiragalo tse di mo go yone. Gore ditiragalo
di diragale, go a bo go na le se se di simolotseng, mo re go bitsang tiragalokgolo. Di tswelela
ka go diragala ka ntlha ya kgotlhang e e bakilweng ke tiragalokgolo. Fa kgotlhang e felelang
teng go bidiwa setlhoa. Ka go rialo fa re bua ka kago ya ditiragalo mo tlhamong re lebeletse:
thulaganyo/tatelano ya ditiragalo, tsalano ya tsone, kgotlhang, setlhoa le phelelo.

Fa o sekaseka dikwalo,o tshwanetse go ela tlhoko ka fa ditiragalo di latelanang ka teng, mabaka

e le gore ga se bakwadi botlhe ba ba rulaganyang ditiragalo go ya ka fa di latelanang ka teng.
Bangwe bakwadi ba kgona go di tobekanya kana re ka re ba di tlhakatlhakanya fela mme ba
dira jalo ka mabaka, e se gore ga ba lemoge ntlha e. Thulaganyo ya ditiragalo e tshwanetse go
re fa lesedi ka se tota se bakileng kgotlhang, re bo re bone le sone setlhoa gore tota se fa kae.Mo
godimo ga tsotlhe fa o tlhalogantse gore ditiragalo di latelana jang, di tsalana jang, kgotlhang e
tswelela jang go ka go tlhofofofaletsa go tlhaloganya thuto kgotsa molaetsa wa padi/motshameko.

Maikaelelo a thuto e

Kwa bokhutlong jwa thuto e,o solofelwa gore o bo o ka kgona go:

• tlhalosa thulaganyo ya ditiragalo

• sekaseka tsalano ya ditiragalo
• sekaseka tumelesego le kgonagalo ya ditiragalo
• sekaseka mefuta ya kgotlhang e e fitlhelwang mo pading
• senola setlhoa

Diteng

1.0 Thulaganyo ya ditiragalo 2
2.0 Tsalano ya ditiragalo 7
3.0 Tumelesego le kgonagalo ya ditiragalo 10
4.0 Kgotlhang 11
5.0 Setlhoa 15
Tshoboko 18
A re ikgakolole 1 19

1 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

1.0 Thulaganyo ya ditiragalo

Pele ga re fa tlhaloso ya thulaganyo ya ditiragalo a re bale le go tlhaloganya palo e e latelang.

Madi modi wa masula

Ga bo go le mo mosong, jaaka gale bana ba ipaakanyetsa go ya dithutong tsa letsatsi.

Baithuti kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Lobatse ba ne ba tlhorontshiwa ke magotswana kwa
dihosetele ba ba neng ba ba utswela madi. Kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Lobatse ga bo go
le makawana a mabedi, Petoro le Aobakwe. Makwetsepe, bonkgata ke tlhaname ba bofelo.
Nako tse tsotlhe ba a bo ba ntse ba lepile go bona gore ke ofe moithuti yo batsadi ba mo
tlholang thata mme ba mo tlogelele lemmenyana.

Petoro a bo a le maretshwanyana le go feta. Mo tshiping e e sa tswang go feta Gaontebale

a bo a ne a etetswe ke mogolowe go tswa Molapowabojang mme a mo tletse melora e e
tlhapang le e tlhatswang, mogodimo ga moo a mo tlogelela makgolo a mabedi a dipula.
Basimane ba, ba ne ba tlwaetse go itshadisa kwa morago fa ba bangwe ba tswa ba ya
dithutong, mme kwa hosetele ba sale ba ya le dilokhara tsa ba bangwe ba utswa se ba ka se
fitlheng, segolo jang madi.

Lekawana le Petoro o ne a sa tswa go bona gore Gaontebale o ne a fiwa madi mme e bile a
bonye fa yo wa mmago a a beileng teng. Jaaka gale mo mosong wa Mosupologo ga tsogwa
ga iwa dithutong. Yo Petoro ke fa a raya motlhokomedi wa bone a re tlhogo e a opa, nnyaa
gatwe a itheetse.

A tadinya Aobakwe ka leitlho mme wa mmata a tsholetsa monwana wa kgonotswe. Ya bo e

le jaaka ba baakantse kgang, Aobakwe a tla o tswala wa go kgaolelwa tlhapi leleme.

Go ise go fete ooura tse pedi, a bo a setse a inaakantse le dilokhara tsa bana ba bangwe
Petoro. A fitlhela ya ga Gaontebale e lotletswe mme a roba kgogorwana ka maretshwa
a itseng. Madi a bo a le fela fa mpepeneng a tsaya a tikela ka kgetse. A ya le lokhara ya
bobedi a roba kgogorwana. Mogoma o ne a na le maikaelelo a gore o tla a tsw a nanabela a
ya dithutong gore a tle a timetse motlhala.

Ka sekukuni se bonwa ke sebataladi, ya re fa motlhokomedi wa bone, rre Nthwalang a

goroga a re o mo isetsa dijo a fitlhela ramogoma a sa ntse a butse lokhara e ya mongwe a
ntsha letlhare le letala la lekgolo mo teng.

“Monna a o fodile jaanong? O dira eng mo?” a utlwa rre Nthwalang a botsa a eme fa
kgorwaneng.
“Nnyaa rra ke ne ke ikutlwa ke le botokanyana jaanong ke re ke apare ke ye sekolong.”
“O apara eng mo lokhareng e e seng ya gago? Jaanong ao madi o a isa kae? A lokhara eo ga
se ya ga Raateng?”. Dipotso tsa nna mafaratlhatlha, mosimane a gakwa ke mafoko.

“ke ne ke ke …”
“Go riana ke wena legotswana le re tlholang re le batla mosimane?”, Ga bua motlhokomedi

2 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

wa bone a mo atumela.
“O a bo o utswa le bo mang?”
“Le Aobakwe”, ga araba Petoro a roroma.
“A reye”, rre Nthwalang a mo kgweeletsa kwa kantorong ya ga mogokgo.

Motlhokomedi a seka a dia sebaka a mo eteletsa pele go leba kwa ofising ya ga mogokgo.
Ba dumalana le mogokgo fa basimane ba ba setse ba tlwaetse ka baithuti ba sa bolo go
ikuela mme go sa itsewe legotswana gore ke lefe. Ba ne ba tsaya tshwetso ya gore ba
mmontshe tsela ka e le tamati e e bodileng ka jalo e tloga e bodisa tse dingwe.

Mothusa mogokgo ka pelo ya setsadi a rapela gore ba se kojwe mo sekolong mme ba kojwe
kwa dihosetele. Ba botlhe ba bona e le kgato e e tlhamaletseng, mme ba laela Basimane
leba gae kwa Kanye go bitsa batsadi.

Batsadi ga ba tsaya sebaka ba bo ba gorogile ka le le latelang mme mafoko ba a bewa pele.

Kgang ya seka ya nna bokete ka bosupi bo ne bo papametse. Batsadi ba amogela ditshwetso
tsa bagolwane ba sekolo mme ba eteletsa bana pele go ya go tsaya dithoto tsa bone go ya
go ba senkela maroko kwa ntle ga sekolo.

Banana, go rata madi mme ba sa a batlele sepe, e le go reka dimonanmene fela le go nwa
majalwa.
Mo go le le latelang mogokgo a buisa baithuti go ba itsese fa ba kobile Petoro le Aobakwe
kwa dihosetele ka ntlha ya bogotswana jwa go amoga baithuti ba bangwe madi le go senya
didirisiwa tsa puso. A gatelela fa se e le sekao mo go botlhe ba batla a dirang jalo gore o tla
a ba bontsha tsela, e seng felo ya go kojwa kwa dihosetele mme le mo sekoong tota.

Jaanong a re tsene mo setlhogwaneng sa rona.

Ditiragalotsa padi, khutshwe kgotsa motshameko go tewa ditiro tse di diragalang kana tse di
dirwang mo pading, khutshweng kana mo motshamekong. Ditiragalo tse, di tshwanetse tsa
rulagana go ya ka tatelano ya tsone gore mmadi a kgone go di tlhaloganya kwa ntle ga go
sokola ka gope. Le fa go ntse jalo mmadi o tshwanelwa ke go nna kelotlhoko ka gore fa gongwe
mokwadi o ka tlhakatlhakanya ditiragalo mme go bo go le mo maruding a gago o le mmadi
gore o di rulaganye sentle go ya ka fa o bonang di tshwanetse go rulagana ka teng, gore o tle o
tlhaloganye molaetsa wa padi kana motshameko.

Se ke se buang ke gore ditiragalo tse di ka bong di tla kwa bofelong kana fa gare ga buka, o
kgona go di fitlhela e le tsone di simololang buka. Se, se bidiwa dipoelamorago (flashbacks)
Ka jalo, o tshwanetse go bala buka ya go nnna jalo ka tlhaloganyo e e tseneletseng gore o tle o
kgone go di ithulaganyetsa ka botlalo. Thulaganyo ya ditiragalo e dirwa ka go nopola dintlha
tsa botlhokwa fela mme o tlogele tse o boneng di sa tlhokafale. Dintlha tse o di nopolang e
tshwanetse ya nna tse eleng gore fa o di neela yo mongwe le ene e kare a di bala a kgone go
tlhaloganya se go buiwang ka sone kana a ka se di dirisa go kwala padi ka tsone.

A re lebelele palo ya Madi Modi wa Masula e o e badileng mme re e dirise jaaka sekai go supa
thuulaganyo ya ditiragalo:

3 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Ditiragalo tsa palo e di ka rulaganngwa jaana:

• Baithuti kwa dihosetele mo sekolong se segolwane sa Lobatse ba tlhorontshiwa ke

magotswana a a ba utswelang madi le melora.

• Gaontebale o etelwa ke bomogolowe mme ba mo tlogelela madi a akanang ka P200.00

• Ka letsatsi la Mosupologo Petoro ga a ye sekolong a re o opiwa ke tlhogo.

• Motlhokomedi wa bone, rre Nthwalang o mo letlelela go sala a itheeditse.

• Petoro o sala a roba dikgororwana tsa dilokhara tsa baithuti ba bangwe go senka madi go a
utswa

• O roba ya ga Gaontebale pele mme mo go yone a utswa madi a kakang ka P200.00

• O ya mo go ya bobedi mme a tsaya P100.00

• Ya re a sa ntse a batla mo go yone a kopantshiwa ke motlhokomedi rre Nthwalang

• Rre Nthwalang o mo tseela kwa kantorong ya ga mogokgo go lebisiwa molato wa go utswela

baithutit ba bangwe

• Petoro le Aobakwe ba laelwa go bitsa batsadi

• Batsadi ba lebisiwa molato wa bana ba bone

• Ka go bona bosupi jwa madi a tshwerweng mo go Petoro ba amogela tshwetso ya

boeteledipele jwa sekolo ya go kojwa ga bana kwa dihosetele le go betswa

• Mogokgo o buisa baithuti botlhe go ba lemotsha bodiphatsa jwa go rata madi le bogodu.

Jaanong fela jaaka o bona ka fa ditiragalo tsa palonyana e di rulaganngwang ka teng le ditiragalo
tsa padi le tsone di tshwanetse tsa rulagana fela jaana. Go diragale se mme se latelwe ke se fela
jalo.

Tiro ya gago 1
Dira tiro e mo metsotsong e metlhano

Bala palo e e latelang mme morago o rulaganye ditiragalo tsa yone:

Mosimane wa ga Magopelo, Kitso o ne a tla le tsela, a tswa go itshiela kwa ga

mmaSepekere. O ne a thiba dipotsane mme ya re fela a le fa gare ga patlelo ya
ga monnamogolo Seditse a ema, a thuba kwena. Seditse o ne a ema ka legora
go mo kgalemela mme a tlhapaolwa ke motho a mmolelela fa ene e le ngwana
wa kgosana a sa bue le boesengmang. Seditse o ne a tswa mo go ene mme mo
tshokologong a ya moìate. Mo mosong, Magopelo o ne a bidiwa ke mmabatho
mme a feta a arabela botlhokatsebe jwa ga morwae. O ne a ikoba fa pele ga ga
kgosi le Seditse mme a bolela fa mosimane yo a mo segile tsebe. Tshwetso e ne
ya nna gore mosimane a tsenngwe mo tseleng.Modipa yo, o ne a latelwa ke banna
mme a feta a pegwa mabele a kgomo.

4 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Jaanong rulaganya ditiragalo tsa palo e o sa tswang go e bala go ya ka tatelano ya

tsone:

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Dikarabo tsa Tiro ya gago 1

• Kitso o tswa go nwa bojalwa kwa ga mmaSepekere

• O feta a tlhaphologela mo patlelong ya ga rre Seditse
• Seditse o leka go mo kgalemela
• Kitso o tlhokela Seditse botho
• Seditse o ya go ikuela kwa kgosing
• Lesatsi le le latelang Magopelo o biditswe go tla go arabela maitseo a ga
morwae
• Magopelo o kopa maitshwarelo ka botho jwa morwae
• Boraro jo, bo tsaya tshwetso ya go otlhaya le go ruta Kitso botho
• Kitso o pegwa dithupa di le nne.

Ditiragalo tse re sa tswang go di rulaganya moithuti di tlhomagantswe sentle ka go latelelana

ga tsone go tswa mo pading. Le fa go ntse jalo fa re simolola thuto ya rona re supile fa mo
gongwe o ka fitlhela palo ditiragalo tsa yone di kopakopanye, di sa tle ka go latelelana mo go
solofetsweng mme go bo go le mo go wena mmadi gore o di sekaseke mme o di rulaganye
sentle ka go latelelana ga tsone.

A re lebelele sekai se sengwe se, ditiragalo tse di kwadilweng fa di kopakopanye:

• Morutabana o betsa bana

• Morutabana o bona fensetere e thubegile

• Baithuti ba tsena mo ntlong ya borutelo

• Tshego o kgarameletsa Tshepo mo lebating

• Tshepo o phamola beke ya ga Tshego

5 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

• Morutabana o botsa gore fensetere e thubilwe ke mang ga go yo o buang ka ba tshaba

Tshepo

• Bake e wela mo fensetereng fa tshego a kgarametsa Tshepo mme fensetere ya thubega

• Morutabana o a goroga, o fitlhe go tsogile modumo.

Tiro ya gago 2
Dira tiro e mo metsotsong e metlhano

Rulaganya ditiragalo tse di fa godimo tse ka go latelelana ga tsone:

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Dikarabo tsa Tiro ya gago 2

• Baithuti ba tsena mo ntlong ya borutelo

• Tshepo o phamola beke ya ga Tshego

• Tshego o kgarameletsa Tshepo mo lebating

• Bake e wela mo fensetereng fa Tshego a kgarametsa Tshepo mme fensetere ya

thubega

• Morutabana o a goroga, o fitlhe go tsogile modumo

• Morutabana o bona fensetere e thubegile

• Morutabana o betsa bana

Ke ka fa o ka rulaganyang ditiragalo ka teng moithuti, gore go bonale sentle gore di simologa

fa kae, di wela jang. Buka le yone fela jalo o tshwanelwa ke gore fa o e bala o nne kelotlhoko
gore o kgone go bona gore mme gone tiragalo e tshwanelwang ke go simolola ditiragalo ke e,
ka gonne se re se bonang se ka tswa se bakile ke se.

Jaanong a re lebelele ntlha e nngwe ya ditiragalo, e bong tsalano ya ditiragalo.

6 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

2.0 Tsalano ya ditiragalo

Re ntse re lebeletse gore fa go twe ditiragalo di a rulagana go tewa eng. Ke na le tsholofelo ya

gore thulaganyo e, o ya go e sala morago fa jaanong o setse o sekaseka dibuka tse o tla a bong
o di tlhopetswe go ithuta dintlha tse ka tsone.

Tsalano ya ditiragalo mme yone ke eng? Tsalano ya ditiragalo yone re raya gore ditiragalo di
tshwanetse tsa neelana, ke gore tiragalo e e diragetseng pele e tshwanetse gore e bo e le yone e
dirileng gore ya bobedi e diragale kana re kare e nne teng. Ke gore fa tiragalo ya ntlha e ne e sa
diragala ya bobedi e ka bo e seo. Ka jalo tsalano ya ditiragalo re bua ka neelano ya ditiragalo,
ke gore tiragalo e diragala ka go bo e nngwe e ne e diragetse. ke botsalano jo bo teng faagre ga
ditiragalo.

Go supa tsalano ya ditiragalo o tshwanetse wa dirisa mafoko a tomaganyo mo re ka reng

makopanyi a tshwanale(ka jalo, jalo he, mme, se sa dira gore, ka ntlha ya se). Se e le go go
lomaganya ditiragalo tsa padi e o e badileng.

A re lebelele sekai se se latelang:

Re tla tsaya ditiragalo di se kae fela go tswa mo e khutshweng e le ya rona ya “Madi Mmaba”,
e o sa tswang go e bala fa re simolola thuto e.

Tiro ya gago 3
Tsaya metsotso e metlhano go dira tiro e

Jaanong moithuti tsaya metsotso e se kae go supa ka fa ditiragalo tse o sa tswang

go di bala tseo tsa khutswe ya madi modi wa masula di tsalanang ka teng.
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7 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Dikarabo tsa Tiro ya gago 3

Gaontebale o etelwa ke bomogolowe kwa hoseteleng ya sekolo se se golwane sa Lobatse

mme Petoro le Aobakwa ba bona f a fiwa madi. Ka ba le dinalanyana, ba loga leano la gore
mongwe wa bone a itwatse fa go iwa dithutong gore a sale a phuruphutsha ba bangwe.
Petoro o a itwatsa mme a sala a phuruphutsa a bo a utswela Gaontebale P200.00. Se se
dira gore a ye le dilokhara tse dingwe a utswe. Motlhokomedi rre Nthwalang ka a itse fa go
na le molwetse kwa hosetele a mo tlisetsa dijo mme o mo tshwara a sa ntse a utswela yo
mongwe madi. Go utswa go dira gorea isiwe kwa ofising ya ga mogokgo. Ka ntlha ya seo,
mogokgo le mothusi wa gagwe ba re ba bitse bagolo. Bogodu jo bo dira gore ba kojwe mo
hosetele. Tiriagalo e ya dira gore mogokgo a buisa baithuti a ba bontshes bodiphatsa jw ago
utswa le go rata madi thata.

8 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Tiro ya gago 4
Tsaya metsotso e le metlhano go dira tiro e

Bala palo e e latelang mme morago o arabe dipotso

Leinane la ga Sananapo

Gatwe e rile nako nngwe ga bo go le mosetsanyana a bidiwa Sananapo, a le

montle, e le ngwana wa kgosi. O ne a na le ntša e a neng a e rata thata a se ke a
kgaogana le yone. Basetsana ba motse wa ga gabo ba ne ba mo fufegela ka ntlha
ya bontle jwa gagwe.

Ka letsatsi lengwe basetsana ba motse ba tsamaya le ene ba ya kgonnye. Ba ne

ba mo logetse segwenegwene sa go mmolaya. Fa ba tsena kwa nageng, ba bo
ba gotsa molelo, ba bo ba re o tlolwe. E rile fela fa Sananapo a tlola, ba bo ba
mo kgoromeletsa mo go one. A ša, a butswa, ba bo ba mo ja. Ba ne ba fa ntša ya
gagwe lerapo la gagwe mme yone e ne ya gana go ja. Morago e ne ya simolola go
opela ya re:

”Sananapo, Sananapo, ba mmolaile Sananapo,

ba mpha lesapo Senanapo,
nna ga ke je motho, Senanapo,
e le mong wake, Senanapo,
e le ngwana wa kgosi,Senanapo”.

E rile ba utlwa ntša e opela, ba e bolaya, ba e sila. Fa ba fetsa ba rwalela dikgong

ba boela gae. Fa ba tsena kwa gae ba bona ntša ele gape fa pele ga kgosi, mme
ya simolola go opela. Basetsana ba tshwarwa mme ba bolawa. Le bo le fela.

A ditiragalo tsa polelwana e o sa tswang go e bala e, di a dumelesega kana ga di

dumelesege? Fa mabaka a gore ke go reng o tsere letlhakore le o le tlhophileng.
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9 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Ga go reye gore o patelesega go dirisa malomaganyi a ke a dirisitseng a fela, o ka tswa o

dirisitse a apharologanyo le a mme ga go reye gore go molato. Mafoko a a kgwaretsweng
a ke one a a supang neelano kana tsalano ya ditiragalo. Ka jalo fa re setse re tsena kwa go
sekasekeng dibuka tsa rona kena le tshepo ya gore o tla kgona go dirisa mafoko a.

Re rulagantse ditiragalo ra bo ra bua ka tsalano ya tsone. A jaanong re bone gore tsone mme di
tshwanelwa ke go nna jang gore di fe palo botshelo.

3.0 Tumelesego le kgonagalo ya ditiragalo

Fa go twe tumelesego le kgonagalo ya ditiragalo go tewa gore a ditiragalo tse di diragalang mo

pading kana mo motshamekong ke tse di kgonang go diragala mo botshelong jaaka re bo itse.
A ke ditiragalo tsa nnete tse di ka dirwang ke batho ba nama le madi jaaka nna le wena kana
ke tsa maselamose fela.

A re lebelele sekai ka ditiragalo tsa palo ya rona ya Madi modi wa masula.

A ditiragalo tsa khutswe e di a kgonagala e bile di a dumelesega?

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Go ntse jalo ditragalo tse di diragalang mo palong ya Madi modi wa nasula ke tse di kgonang
go diragala mo botshelong. Ka go reng re rialo?
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Ke ka gore ba teng mo botshelong bana ba go tshwana Petoro le Aobakwe, ba e ka reng o le

motsadi o solofetse go le go ntsi mo go ene, a le botlhale mme e re kwa morago a go swabise
ka go dira ditiro tse di makgaphila. Bana ba go lebega ba ne ba le botlhale ka ke bao ba kwa
sekolong se segolwane go ya go tsweledisa dithuto tsa bone. Kwa sekolong go na le gore a
tsweledise botlhale jo ba tswa magotswana a kwa dihosetele. Ke mo o se kakeng wa itse gore
ngwana o a bo a tsenywe ke eng. Ke eng se se mo itayang tsebe jaanong?

Ba felela ba senyegelwa ke boroko kwa dihosetele le go gomagometswa go senyegelwa ke

sekolo. Se, se a diragala, e bile se a dumelesega ka go le gantsi mo botshelong ba dira melato
ba welwa ke dikatlholo, dingwe e le tse di tsone fela jaaka ya ga Petoro le Aobakwe, ya go
senyegelwa ke dithuto.

Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 4

Ditiragalo tsa leinane le ga di dumelesege. Ka go reng? Ka gore ke maselamose.Motho o
ka ipotsa gore a e teng ntšae e kareng e bolailwe e bo e tsoga, e bile e opela. Nnyaya, ga
go a nna jalo. Ee!gongwe go na le batho ba ba ka jang nama ya motho mme tota se ga se
a tlwaelesega. Ke ka moo re reng leinane le ditiragalo tsa lone ke maselamose, ga se tse
di ka dirwang ke motho wa nama le madi, nna le wena moithuti. O ka se bolaye motho o bo
o moja. Ke leinane moithuti, dilo tsa teng ke maselamose, ka jalo bontsi jwa tsone ga bo

10 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

dumelesege.

Fa o ya go tsena kwa dipading le metshameko e o tla bong o e tlhophetswe kana o di tlhophetswe,

ela tlhoko gore a ditiragalo tse o kopanang le tsone a ke tse di dumelesegang, tsa bothselo jwa
mmatota kgotsa ke tse di sa dumelesegeng jaaka tse di mo leinaneng la Sananapo, tse re ka reng
ke tsa maselamose. Fa e le ditiragalo tse di dumelesegang, ke ditiro tse re bonang moanelwa a
kgona kana a palelwa ke dilo dingwe, eseng fela gore sengwe le sengwe mo go ene e bo e le
rele, a seka a nna le ape mathata.

Jaaka re bonye ka moanelwa Petoro le Aobakwe mo palong ya Madi modi wa masula, e ne e

le bana ba ba botlhale o ile a raelesega fela jaaka re itse motho wa mmatota a ka raelwa ke madi
mme gongwe a felela e le legodu. Se se mo diragaletseng ke ditiragalo tsa mmannete. Ka jalo
ditiragalo tsa palo eo di a dumelelsega, ke boammaruri.

4.0 Kgotlhang
Mo botshelong go na le dilo di le dintsi tse di ka dirang gore re se orisane molelo, go nne le
tlhokakutlwano fa gare ga rona.Fa batho ba sa utlwane ra re ba na le kgotlhang. Mo moithuti go
raya gore kgotlhang ke tlhoka-kutlwisisanyo e e leng teng fa gare ga batho. Tlhoka-kutlwisisanyo
e, e ka tsala dintwa, dikomano, dipolaano le dikilano kana letlhoo.

Kgotlhang ke yone e e re okang kana e re gogelang mo pading kgotsa motshameko. Ke yone e e

re thusang go lemoga botho jwa baanelwa mo pading bogolo jang jwa moanelwa-mogolo ka tota
ke ene yo ditiraglo di ikaegileng ka ene thata. Kgotlhang e na letiragalo e tota e e simolotseng,
e leng kgwetlhokgolo. Bathoga ba kake ba supana ka menwana fela go se na molato ope. Kana
Motswana a re mosi ga o kake wa kuelela fela go se na molelo. Mme kana le one molelo o
kgona go tima, ka jalo kgotlhang le yone e kgona go fela dilo di bo di boela mannong. Go a
kgonagala gore fa e le gore o ntse o sa buisane le mokete,go kubetsana mo go fele le boe le nne
ditsala gape. Gone foo, fa maikutlo a mmadi a wela ka dikgoberego tsotlhe tse a ntseng a tla a
di latedisa le ditiragalo, a welang teng, go bidiwa setlhoa.

A jaanong ke tlhole gore a mme re ntse re mmogo mo ntlheng e ya kgotlhang.

Tiro ya gago 5
Tsaya metsotso e meraro go dira tiro e

Ka mafoko a gago tlhalosa gore kgotlhang ke eng.

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11 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 5

Fa o dirile jalo boela kwa tlhalosong o tshwantshanye se o se kwadile le se o se filweng.

Kana mme yone kgotlhang e mefuta. A re lebelele mefuta eo ya kgotlhang.

4.1 Mefuta ya kgotlhang

Kgotlhang e mefuta meraro mme yone ke:

• Kgotlhang ya fa gare ga motho le motho

• Kgotlhang ya fa gare ga motho le tikologo (setlhopa sa batho mo lefelong le o nnang mo

go lone)

• Kgotlhang fa gare ga motho le dikakanyo tsa gagwe

A lebelele go se kae ka mefuta e ka bongwe ka bongwe.

Jaanong moithuti jaaka re sa tswa go tlhalosa kgotlhang, itse gore e ka diragala ka ditsela di le
tharo, mo go rayang gore re na le mefuta e le meraro ya kgotlhang.

(a) Kgotlhang ya motho le motho

Lebelela mafoko a badiragatsi ba: Gasenna le ontiretse.

Go diragala eng mo puong ya bobedi jo? Fa go supagala kgotlhang tlhalosa gore kgotlhang e,
e ka tswa e bakilwe ke eng.
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Fa re lebile puo ya bobedi jo moithuti, re ka re go lebega batho ba gotlhana ka ma-
foko.Fa godimo fa Ontiretse o omana le Gasenna, b aomanela lefatshe.

Kgotlhang ya motho le motho ke fa motho a fapaana le yo mongwe ka mogopolo mongwe, ba

sa kgone go dumalana ka ga sengwe. Se, se ka dira gore go felele go na le dintwa kgotsa letlhoo.
Go fapaanamoga bonekamafoko go kgona go felela go tsalakilo,letlhoo, ntwa le lone loso tota.

12 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Kgotlhang ya motho le motho e kgona go diragala fa gare ga batho ba babedi gongwe fa gare
ga ditlhopha tse pedi. Sekai re ka re ditlhopha di tshwana le tsa kgwele ya dinao, jaaka gongwe
go ka gotlhana ditlhopha tsa Mochudi Centre Chiefs gongwe le sa Gaborone United. Kana
basimane le basetsana kwa dikgaisanong, jalo jalo.

(b) Kgotlhang fa gare ga motho le tikologo

Mo setshwantshong se gone o akanya gore go diragala eng?

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Basimane golo fa ba a otlhaiwa kwa lekgotleng. Se raya gore ba ka tswa ba

gotlhane le dingwe ditsamaiso tsa merafe, gongwe a senyetsa morafe, ke ka moo a
otlhaiwang.

Mo mofuteng o wa kgotlhang moithuti, motho o a bo a sa utlwane kana a gotlhagotlhana le

bao ba a nnang kana a tshelang le bone. Ke gore ba le kgatlhanong le ene mo a salang a eme
a le nosi go se na le fa e le yo o tsamaisanang le ene. Fa gongwe moanelwa o ka tswa a na le
mogopolo mongwe o a botlang go o diragatsa mme ba bangwe ba ganane le ene, gongwe a dirile
sengwe se batho ba bangwe ba a tshelang le bone ba sa se rateng mme a tloge a nne le mathata
mo sengwe le sengweng se a eletsang go se dira.

13 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

(c) Kgotlhang ya gare ga dikakanyo tsa motho

Motho yo go lebega a na le mathata. O akanya e le mathata a eng?

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Go boammaruri, motho yo o lebega a farafarilwe ke mathata. O fa makgabanong a ditsela jaanong

ga a itse gore tota tsela ka dile pedi, ke a tseye tsela efe, e e tla mo gorosang kwa a batlang
go ya teng. Ditsela tse kanamarakanelo a a ditsela ke megopolo ya motho yo, e e faraselang,
e lwanang,mo a sa itseng gore tota ke a dire eng. Go ntse fela jalo le mo botshelong o kgona
go nna le megopolo e le mentsi mme o sa itse gore o sale ofe morago. Se, se ka go baya mo
diphatseng tsa go iphitlhela o tsere tshwetso e e ka go tsenyang mo mathateng gongwe ka bo
lesego o tsee e e tla go itumedisang.

Ka jalo ra re kgotlhang fa gare ga dikakanyo tsa motho ke fa motho a na le megopolo e e

farologaneng e bile yotlhe e le botlhokwa gore a e diragatse, mme jaanong a sa itse gore tota o
ka tlhopha ofe go o diragatsa.

14 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Tiro ya gago 6
Tsaya metsotso e le meraro mo tirong e:

Jaanong moithuti a re lebelele palo ele ya rona ya Madi modi wa masula, ka ga

mosimane Petoro, o bo o araba potso e.

Ke mofuta ofe wa kgotlhang o o lemogileng mo khutshweng e? Fa mabaka.

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Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 6

Ke solofela fa o rile ke kgotlhang fa gare ga motho le tikologo ya gagwe. E fa gare ga ga

Petoro le tikologo ya gagwe ka a ne a utswa, a dira selo se se neng se sa letlelesege ka
gope kwa sekolong. Ka go rialo ka ene le Aoakwe ba ne ba le borai mo tikologong e ba
tshelang mo go yone, ba felela ba tseetswe kgaoto e e bokete, ya go kojwa mo hoseteleng.
Se se direlwa gore setshaba sa kwa ba ntseng ba tshela le sone, ke gore baithuti ba
bangwe kwa dihosetele, ba sale ba tshela ka kagiso.

Moithuti, re wela fa ka kgotlhang. Ke solofela fa o itemogetse gore golo fa kgotlhang ke tlhoka

kutlwisisanyo ka mangwe mabaka. Mabaka a, a ka dira gore go fufagalanwe, go nne dintwa
kana eng fela mme kwa morago marara a rarabololwe ka nngwe tsela. Fa tharabololong ya
kgotlhang ke setlhoa, se e leng e nngwe gape ntlha ya tshekatsheko ya bokwadi. A re lebelele
gore sone setlhoa sa ditiragalo re raya eng.

5.0 Setlhoa

Moithuti fa o bala padi kana motshameko, go a bo go na le se se go gwetlhang gore o bale o

bo o nne pelotelele kana o ba tle go fetsa padi ya gago. Fa o tsweletse ka go bala jaana go na
le dipotso tse o tsamayang o di ipotsa bogolo jang ka moanelwa- mogolo, tse e leng gore o a
bo o batla dikarabo tsa tsone. Moanelwa yo kana motshameki yo o a bo a tla a gotlhagotlhana
le dilo dingwe mo botshelong jwa gagwe, jaanong tota o batla go itse gore go ya go felela go

15 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

diragala eng ka ene, a o tla a kgona kana o tla a palelwa ke go diragatsa dikeletso tsa gagwe.

Tota o a bo o batla go itse gore go diragetse jang kana go feletse jang ka ene. Gone fa o fitlhelang
karabo ya dipotso tse dikgolo tse o tlang o ntse o di ipotsa tse ke gone fa Setlhoeng. Jalo he! re
ka re setlhoa ke fa marara a rarabologang teng ka jaana karabo e o ntseng o e batla o e bone. O
simolola go bona gore ehe!go riana dilo tse di ntse jaana. Fa o fitlha fa tharabololong ya marara
a o ntseng o a ipotsa gore a rarabologa leng, jaanong o similola go bona gore phefo e fokela kae.

O tshwanetse go itse gore moanelwa/motshameki-mogolo ke ene yo o re senolelang setlhoa

sa padi kana motshameko ka tota e le ene yo ditiragalo tsa padi di remeletseng mo go ene. Ke
sone se re mo setseng morago gore a re ise kwa setlhoeng. Fa o bone karabo jaanong ra re o
gorogile, jaanong maikutlo a gago a a wela, pelo e boela mannong ka o lemogile gore ke eng
dilo di ntse jaaka di ntse.

Tiro ya gago 7
Tsaya metsotso e le meraro mo tirong e

Jaanong moithuti a re boe re lebelela khutshwe ele ya rona ya Madi modi wa

masula, ka ga basimane Petoro le Aobakwe, o bo o araba potso e.
rona ya Madi Mmaba, ka ga mosimane Baleofi, o bo o araba potso e.

Ka mabaka supa gore setlhoa sa khutshwe e re se bona fa kae?

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Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 7

Ke solofela gore kefa o rile se fa Baleofi a kojwa mo sekolong.

Ka gore re ntse re ipotsa gore tota bana ba ba le dinalanyana jaana, go ya go mo feleletsa

kae? Jaanong ke bao re bona ba tshwarwa. Ka legodu le le tshwerweng ka merwalo, ka jalo
Petoro o felela a boelwa ke bogodu jwa gagwe mme a latlhegelwa ke sebaka sa go nna mo
dihosetele.

Moithuti, fa re re ntse re le mo setlhoeng, o tla lemoga gore setlhoa sa padi re se tshwantshanya

fela le sa thaba kana re ka re lentswe, se e leng gore, gore o palamelele o ye go goroga kwa go
sone ga se tiro e e motlhofo, mme o itshoka fela go fitlhelela o ya go goroga ka tota go a bo go
na le se o se batlang. Go na le dilo dingwe tse di go thusang gore o kgone go palamelela, tse o
tsamayang o ntse o itshwarelela ka tsone kana o di gata gore o kgone go ya go goroga.

16 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Lebelela setshwantsho se:

Tiro ya gago 8
Tsaya metsotyso e metlhano go dira tiro e

Fa o labile motho yo a pagamelang thaba yo o ka re ke eng se se ka fetang se mo

thusa le gone go mo kgopakgopets go palamela setlhoa sa thaba e. Elelela tse di
mo setshwantshong mme o di nankole.
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Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 8

Ke solofela fa o supile dilo tse di ka mo kgopakgopetsang di tshwana majang, matlapa,
mitlwa ya ditlhare le yone e le foo go mo ngapa. Gape o supile gore mme le fa go le jalo
o ka tsamaya a ntse a itshwarelela ka ditlhare gore a bo a fitlhe, kana a fete a ntshe a
huba mo meriting ya tsone go kgwa setìhwe.

Tse ke dingwe tsa dilo tse di ka mo thusang kana tsa mo kgoreletsa go goroga kwa setlhoeng
moithuti.

Jaaanong padi le motshameko le tsone di ntse fela jalo, go na le ditiragalo tse di diragalang pele
fa o goroga kwa setlhoeng. Dingwe e ka nna dikgoreletsi tsa go fitlhisa moanelwa/motshameki

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JC: Setswana Mothama 7

mogolo go fitlhelela setlhoa sa dikeletso tsa gagwe kana dingwe di mo thuse go a kgonagatsa.
Ditiragalo tse ke tsone tse di go rotloetsang kana di go tiisa moko gore o tlhwaafalele go bala
gore o bo o goroge kwa setlhoeng kana kwa motsubong wa padi, o batla tota go itse gore go ya
go felela go diragetse eng ka baanelwa. Tsone ditiragalo tse di bidiwa direpodi.Ke gore re ka re
direpodi ke ditiragalo tse di re isang kwa setlhoeng. Ke direpodi ka jaana di go thusa go palamela
gore o kgone go goroga kwa setlhoeng. O pagamela ka tsone go goroga kwa tharabologong ya
marara a baanelwa ba tlang ba le mo go one.

Jaanong fa o setse o gorogile kwa setlhoeng, ka o bone se o neng o se batla, o tshwanelwa ke

gore jaanong o fologele kwa tlase. Go fologa thaba ke selo se se motlhofo go na le fa o palama, o
kgokologa fela mme se se dire gore mosepele wa gago o nne mokhutshwane. Ka jalo mo pading
le gone go na le ditiragalo tse di diragalang morago ga setlhoa tse di bidiwang mokgokolosa,
ke tse di re folosang mo setlhoeng. Ditiragalo tse ga di ke di nna dintsi jaaka tse di re pegang
kwa setlhoeng ka gore jaanong palo e a bo e tla bokhutlong.

Ela tlhoko moithuti, go na le padi kana motshameko tse di ka se nneng le mokgokolosa, ke

gore gona le ditiragalo tse di re isang kwa setlhoeng mme go se na tse di re folosang. Le tsone
di amogele, se se botlhokwa ka tsone ke gore a ditiragalo tsa tsone dipalo tse di a dumelelsega
le gone gore a mme one molaetsa mo go tsone o teng, o senoga sentle.

A jaanong re di garele moithuti.

Tshoboko

Mo thutong e re sa tswa go ithuta ka ditiragalo. Mo ditiragalong re ne re lebeletse thulaganyo

le tsalano ya ditiragalo, setlhoa kgotlhang le phelelo.Dintlha tse tsa ditiragalo re tlhalositse
dintlha tse pedi tse jaana:

• Thulaganyo ya ditiragalo- ke ka fa ditiragalo di tlhomaganang kana di latelelang ka teng.

• Tsalano ya ditiragalo- yone e raya ka fa tiragalo nngwe e bakileng e nngwe ka teng, ke gore
tiragalo e nna teng ka ntlha ya gore e nngwe e nnile teng.

• Kgotlhang- ke tlhoka kutlwisisano magareng ga baanelwa fa e le padi kana gareng ga

batshameki fa e le mo motshamekong. Kgotlhang e mefuta, e ka nna fa gare ga motho le
motho, motho le tikologo gammogo le fa gare ga dikakanyo tsa motho.

• Setlhoa - ke fa marara a ditiragalo a rarabologang teng.

Jaanong nte re ko re bone gore a se ke ntseng ke buisana le wena ka ga sone o sa ntse o se

gakologelwa moithuti.

18 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

A re Ikgakolole 1

Araba dipotso tsa tiro e mo metsotsong e le masome mane.

Araba dipotso tsotlhe ka Setswana se se lolameng.

Bala temana e e latelang, mme morago o bo o araba dipotso tse o tla di botswang:

Go ne go na le monna mongwe kwa motseng wa Gabane, yo o neng a tlhorontshitse batho ka

go ba amoga ditsabone. Batho ba ne ba sa robale, ba tshaba gore e se re go tswala matlho ya re
o a bula wa fitlhela ntlo e ntse lehalahala. Balete ba ne ba tshelela mo letshogong, ba nna fela
ba tshwere mala ka diatla. Tota yo monna o ne a sa utswe o ne a tsaya motho wetsho! Ga twe
nako nngwe rre mongwe le mohumagadi wa gagwe ba ne ba iphitlhela ba robetse fa fatshe mo
mosong mme ba ne ba ipone ba palama bolao fa go robalwa, tota e le ditiro tsa legodu le. Tota
ga ke itse gore a re re ke legodu kana moloi motho, wetsho ka ntlha ya ditiro tse a di dirang.
Bangwe ba ne ba setse ba mmiditse leina ba re ke Motsamai ka a ne a tsamaya bosigo. Kgosi o
ne a bitsa morafe wa gagwe go buisana ka selalome se le tiro e e maswe e se e dirileng. Balete
ba ne ba tlhakana ditlhogo fa ba utlwa ka tiragalo e, mme ba ikana gore ga ba kake ba tla go
berekela motho o sele mme ba na le bana ba e leng ba bone. Ba ne ba tlhalosa gore mo a go
dirileng go ntse, go lekane.

Ya nna e kare o a ba utlwa, le gale ka go twe re bolawa ke ba re jang le bone, re tla itse jang fa e le
gore e ne e le mongwe wa ba tsena phuthego? A ba lebadisa selekanyo sa dibekenyana, ba bo ba
ipotsa gore a ga se gore gongwe o sule kana o fetetse mo metseng e e gaufi ya boKumakwane le
Mogoditshane. Owaii! ya bo e le dikeletso fela, mme a bo a le kwa a leng teng a loga a mangwe
maano. A lemoga fa go na le batho ba bantsi ba ba tsogang moso le moso mo Gabane ba ya kwa
ditirong kwa Gaborone, a simolola go emela ba ba rwalang masigo ka ditlhogo ba tshaba mela
e meleele ya dipalamo, a ba phamolela dibeke le megala ya matheka. Ba tswa setlhabelo ya nna
bomme.Ga lemotshega fa e ntse e le motho a le mongwe ka go lemoga bogato jwa setlhako.
Mme ka a sa tle ka go tshwana, lengwe letsatsi a se ka a kopana le legatlapa, a kopana le letlhale.

E rile a re beke phamo! a se ka a kua ngwana wa mosetsana ka a ne a tshaba gore e se re go

kopa thuso a tloga a kgaolelwa malatsi a botshelo mmopi a ise a laole, a mo lebelela, a bona a
ya ntlheng ya kwa go palamelwang teng, a re tanki! ya re fa a tsena dipalamo ka bogare, ya bo
e le gone a o tlhabang o mosesane a re, “batho nthusang! motho yo o ntseetse beke, ene yoo!
ene yo o………”Ga ba ise ba tlhole ba botsa dipotso, segopa sa bakgweetsi, bathusi ba bone
gammogo le bapalami ba ya mo go ene go se ope yo o batlang go tlhaelwa.

Dipannere, diphafa le matlapa di fapaana mo tlhogong ya gagwe, a sala a rapaletse mo

kgodung e khibidu, mongwe a mo paselela ka go mo kgaola tsebe ka thipa, maikaelelo e le go
mmaya letshwao gore e re ka moso a falotse ba bantsi ba kgone go mo lemoga. E rile go utlwa
manokonoko a thipa, a ntsha lentswe le le kwa tlase a re, “ke Moyo, ke Mokalaka wa Maitengwe.”

Mapodise ba tlile ba mo tsaya foo ba se na go lelediwa ke mongwe yo o pelo. Fa ba le mo tseleng

ba sianela sepatela ke fa a neela mowa. Go tloga ka leo letsatsi Balete ba re huu!

19 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Dipotso

1. Bolela gore ke mofuta ofe wa kgotlhang o o tlhagelelang mo palong e? [1]

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2. Bolela gore kgotlhng eo e simologile jang? [2]

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3. Tlhalosa ka fa e tsweletseng ka teng. [3]

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4. Kgotlhang e e feletse jang? [2]

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5. Rulaganya ditiragalo tsa botlhokwa tsa palo e. [8]

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6. Tlhalosa gore setlhoa o se bona fa kae? O ntshe lebaka a gore ke eng fa o rialo. [2]
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20 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

7. Kwala tiragalo e le nngwe, e e botlhokwa, e e go gorosa mo setlhoeng. [2]

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Matshwao otlhe [30]

Itshwaele
O tshwere bokae?

Fa o tshwere kwa tlase ga 70 % kana go feta o ka tswelela le thuto e e latelang mme fa o

tshwere kwa tlase ga 70% tsweetswee boelela thuto e go fitlhelela o e tlhaloganya o bo o
e fenya.

21 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Thuto 2
Baanelwa/ Batshameki

i Tshedimoso
Moithuti re ntse re a tswelela ka go tlhalosa dintlha tsa tshekatsheko ya padi kana motshameko.
Re satswa go ithuta ka ditiragalo, re lebile ka fa di rulaganang ka teng, ka fa di tsalanang ka teng,
kgotlhang le mefuta ya yone, gammogo le setlhoa. Jaanong mo thutong e ya bobedi re tla a bo
re remeletse mo baanelweng kana batshameking. O tshwanetse go lemoga gore mokwadi fa a
kwala tlhamo ya gagwe o itlhamela le batho ba a tlileng go ba dirisa go go supegetsa ditiragalo
tsa padi kana motshameko wa gagwe ka bone. Bone batho ba, mo pading re ba bitsa baanelwa
mme mo motshamekong re ba bitsa batshameki.

Jaaka o itse moithuti gore mo botshelong batho ba a farologana ka boleng le botho jwa bone, ke
gore ke kare, re mefutafuta mme fela go ntse jalo ka baanelwa kana batshameki mo tlhamong.
Jaanong mo thutong e, re tlile go lebelela mefuta ya baanelwa gammogo le boitshwaro jwa bone.

Nte pele re bone maikaelelo a thuto e.

Maikaelelo a thuto e

Kwa bokhutlong jwa thuto e, o solofelwa gore o bo o ka kgona go:

• tlhalosa ka mafoko a gago moanelwa/motshameki mogolo le ba ba botlana mo

pading le motshameko
• bolela baanelwa/batshameki ba botlhokwa
• tlhalosa ka botlalo gore baanelwa/batshameki bao ke eng ba le botlhokwa
• tlhalosa ka botlalo gore ke eng o re kanelo ya baanelwa/batshamekie a dumelesega
kana ga e dumlesege
• tlhalosa ka botlalo gore ke eng o rata moanelwa/motshameki mongwe o sa rate
mongwe.

Diteng
1.0 Baanelwa 23
2.0 Mefuta ya baanelwa 23
3.0 Kanelo ya baanelwa (Tshenolo ya botho jwa baanelwa) 31
Tshoboko 32
A re Ikgakolole 2 33

22 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

1.0 Baanelwa / Batshameki

Baanelwa/batshameki ke batho ba ba itlhametsweng ke mokwadi go ba dirisa gore a re tlhagisetse

ditiragalo tsa padi kana motshameko ka bone. Re ka re ke bone badiragatsi ba ditiragalo tsa
tlhamo. Baanelwa ba tshwanetse go supa ditiragalo tsa botshelo jaaka di ntse kana jaaka re di
itse. Ba tshwanetse go dira ditiro tse di dirwang ke batho ba mmantota. Ba ka kgona dilo dingwe
mme ba palelwa ke dingwe fela jaaka nna le wena moithuti.

Pele ga re ka tswelela ka thuto ya rona o bala o botlhaloganya palo e e latelang:

Tholwana Borethe

Ga twe mo motsaneng mongwe mo kgaolong ya Kweneng, ga se kwa Mogoditshane motho

wetsho! ga bo go na le mosetsanyana a bidiwa Bontlenyane. Bontlenyane a bo a le montle
jaaka leina le bolela. A lebega a bopilwe ke motho a sa itlhaganela gope, a eta a ema fale a mo
sekaseka pele a tswelela le go dira mhama o mongwe. Fa a le kwa morago re sa bue, a filwe go
lekane, a na le matshwaro. Tshimanyana e sa robale ka ntlha ya dipopego tsa ngwanyana wa
Mokgalagadi. Madimabe ke gore o ne a sa itse nnyaa! Ka la gompieno o mmona a na le George,
le le latelang ke Brooks fa le lengwe e tla a bo e le Boiki. Tota o sa itse gore ga twe yo e leng
ene totatota ke mang. A ba fapaanya jaaka mosese wa ka fa teng. Basimane ba go se ope wa
bone yo o itseng fa ba nwa mo sedibeng se le sengwe. Wa mosetsana ene a ipona e le letlhale
le le fitlhetseng ditlhare tsa mmupudu di ole ka dikala.

Tsala ya ga George e bong Kagiso yo o neng a sa bolo go lemoga fa mosetsana yo a sa bolo go

tshameka ka maikutlo a mmati wa gagwe, a loma George tsebe ka nyabese e mosetsana yo a e
dirang. O a itse! E le ruri bontlenyane bo seng nosi…. George a itshwara senna, a ikana gore o
tla loga leano gore a mo tshware, tota a le mo go le le reng e re go thaisa phiri o se ka wa rwala
matlhoa. Bontlenyane o ne a sa potwe ka fa mading, mo ratwa ke batho, koloi yone re sa bue.
Fa o na le tse pedi tse mo go ene o monnatota. O ne o ka mmona mo go yone ya ga Brooks e e
difesentere dintsho e le mohumagadi tota.

Ka a sa tle ka go tshwana, le ne la tla le a neng a sa bolo go le letela Bra-G, jaaka ba ne ba

mmoka balekane ba gagwe.Ya re a ntse a le mo letsomong la gagwe, fa a feta ka mmila mongwe
o o mabapi le fa gaabo Bontlenyane, a bona bangwe ba kamparagane o kare bommantseane.
Fa a ba atamela a fitlhela e le bone ba a sa bolong go ba tsoma. A se ka a tlhola a botsa dipotso,
a rafa mmu a ba gasa ka one. Brooks fa a botsa gore go rileng, George a mo garumela, “Wa re
go rileng, ke batla ngwanyana wa me wena o mo ngaparetse mo diphifing”. Ga re tuu! Brooks
a leba mosetsana mme a bona sefatlhego se se tletseng boferefere, a leba George, ba tlhabana
ka matlho bafana ba bo ba boela mo go ene.

“O tshamekisa batho, wa gago ke mang, re tlhalosetse mosetsana” Ba mmotsa potso mme a

palelwa ke go e araba. Ba mo duba seborotho ba bo ba mmolelela gore ba mo laela ba bangwe ka
bone mo go ene ba dule. O tswa go thanya kwa sepatela o kare o ne a bidikanngwa mo moloreng,
a ntse motuba. Ya re Boiki le ene a di utlwa ka podi ya tsela a ipaakanyetsa go tla a di mo tshela
fa a se na go tswa kwa sepatela. Ka lone le a gorogileng ka lone a mo kgwela botlhoko, a mo
itsese fa le ene e se mokoko a sa tlhakanele mosadi, e bile ene a tshaba go tlisediwa malwetse.
Bontlenyane a sala a le esi, a bakela go pataganya basimane.

23 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Tiro ya gago 1
Tsaya metsotso e le meraro go dira tiro e

Mo palong e o sa tswang go e bala, ya Tholwana Borethe, o ka re badiragatsi kana

bone baanelwa ke bo mang? Ba nankole ka maina.
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Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 1

Ke solofela fa o supile gore baanelwa mo palong Tholwana Borethe, baanelwa kana
badiragatsi ba ditiragalo ke ba ba latelang:

• Bontlenyane

• George

• Kagiso

• Brooks le

• Boiki

Ela tlhoko
Ra re baanelwa/batshameki ba batho a mokwadi a ba itlhametseng go diragatsa ditiragalo tsa padi
ya gagwe. Lefa go ntse jalo baanelwa ba kana bone batshameki ba mefuta. Mo setlhogwaneng
se se latelang a re lebelele mefuta eo ya bone.

2.0 Mefuta ya baanelwa

Badiragatsi ba padi kana motshameko ba kgaogantswe ka mefuta e le meraro go ya ka seabe sa

bone, ke gore go ya ka gore ba rotloetsa padi kana motshameko go le kae. Re na le mefuta e le
meraro ya baanelwa/batshameki. Mefuta e ke:

a. Moanelwa/motshameki mogolo
b. Baanelwa ba ba botlhokwa le
c. Baanelwa ba babotlana.

2.1 Moanelwa/motshameki mogolo

Pele re ka tlhalosa gore moanelwa-mogolo go tewa eng, araba potso e e latelang:

24 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

A o itse pinagare? Fa o e itse tlhalosa gore ke eng.

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Ke solofela fa o kile wa bona pinagare kwa gae kana kwa masimo mo ntlong ya Setswana.
Moithuti, pinagare ke thobane kana logong lo lo epelwang fa gare ga ntlo ya Setswana gore le
tshegetse ditlhomeso tsa ntlo gore di seka tsa wa, kana fa di wa go raya gore ntlo le yone e tla
a bo e wa. O tshwanetse go tlhaloganya gore ntlo e agiwa ka ditlhomeso gammogo le bojang
mme tse tsotlhe tse di a bo di tshegeditswe ke pinagare fa e le gore ntlo eo ga e na maotwana.
Se se raya gore pinagare e a bo e rwele bokete jo bogolo thata. Fa go ka diragala gore e we go
raya gore ntlo yotlhe e a wa.

Jaanong moithuti fa re tlhalosa moanelwa –mogolo kana motshameki-mogolo ra re ke ene

pinagare ya padi kana motshameko, ke ene yo ditiragalo tse di diragalang mo pading kana mo
motshamekong di ikaegileng ka ene. Tota ke ene yo ditiragalo di remeletseng mo go ene, di
remeletse mo go ene ka ntlha ya gore ke ene yo di mo diragalelang kana a di dirang kana di
diragala ka ntlha ya gagwe.Tota fa e ka bo e se ka ene dilo dingwe di ka bo di sa nna jaaka di
ntse. Ke ene a rweleng boikarabelo jwa ditiragalo tsotlhe, o di goga kwa pele ka jalo ra re ke
ene tshosoerweleng ya ditiragalo tsa padi kana tsa motshameko.Jaaka e le ene mmang-mmang
mo tlhamong jaana ke ene are senolelang molaetsa, e bong thuto e re e ithutang mo pading/
motshamekong, kgotlhang le setlhoa tse re setseng re di tlhalositse mo thutong e e fetileng
(Thuto 1).

Mo palong Tholwana Borethe o ka re moanelwa mogolo ke mang?

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Ke solofela fa o rile ke Bontlenyane.

Ke ka go reng re re ke ene moanelwamogolo? Motswana a re bontlenyane bo seng bosi. Se

gongwe e ka nna molaetsa wa plao e. Ke ene a o senolang gonne e le kgarejwana ya marata go
lejwa, le fa go ntse jalo o matlhomatlho. O kopakopanya banna mme ba felela ba mo ketekile ba
bo ba mo phuaganya. Re ka re gape ra re o lebaganye le molaetsa o o ka reng monna o bolawa
ke se a se jeleng e bile o se bone tholwana borethe teng ga
yone go a baba. Molaetsa o o senolwang ke setlhogo s apalo e, o senolwa ke moanelwa yo.

Ka jalo re ka re ditiragolo kgolo di ikaegile ka ene. Ke ene tshosoerweleng ya tsone.

2.2 Baanelwa ba Botlhokwa

Ela tlhoko moithuti gore ga gona motho yo o ka tshelang a le nosi. Motho o tshela le ba bangwe
ba a thusanang le bone. O ka kgona go lemoga motho gore ke wa mofuta ofe kana ke kare yo o
ntseng jang o lebeletse tirisano-mmogo ya gagwe le ba bangwe, mo go rayang gore motho yo
o nnang fela a le esi a seke a amana le ba bangwe ka gope go thata gore o itse gore ke motho
yo o ntseng jang.

25 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Jalo he, baanelwa ba ba botlhokwa fela jaaka leina le tlhalosa, ba botlhokwa fela thata. Ke bone
ba ba re thusang gore re lemoge gore moanelwa-mogolo ke mang e bile ke motho yo o ntseng
jang. Ba mo tlhotlheletsa ka tsela nngwe e e sa siamang kana e e siameng. Ba ka mo dirisa dilo
dingwe kana ba dira gore a itseye ka tsela nngwe e e felelang e re lemotsha gore ke motho wa
boitshwaro jo bo ntseng jang mme gongwe ene a sa lemoge gore ba mo gogela kae. Ba kgona
go dira dilo dingwe kgatlhanong le moanelwa-mogolo gongwe ene a di dira kgatlhanong le
bone. Ke batho ba e leng gore fa ba seyo dilo dingwe di ka se nne jaaka di tshwanetse go nna.

Tiro ya gago 2
Dirisa metsotso e le metlhano go araba dipotso tse:

a. Mo palong Tholwana Borethe baanelwa ba ba botlhokwa o ka re ke bona

mang.
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b. Ntsha mabaka la gore ke eng o re ke bona baanelwa ba botlhokwa.

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Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 2

Baanelwa ba ba botlhokwa ke George le Brooks.

Ka gore reng. Ka gore re bona e le bone ba ketekang Bontlenyane morago ga gore a ba

pataganye. Ba a ipua mme boemong jwa gore ba mo lwelwe ba retha ene, e le gone go
mmontsha gore bomatlhomatlho gab o busetse. Ba mo senyetsa jone bontlenyane jo a neng
a na le jone gore a bo a sale a sa lebege. Ka jalo ba re lemotsha gore e le ruri Bontlenyane
ke mohto yo o ntseng jang.

Baanelwa ba ba botlhokwa ba senola se moanelwa mogolo a leng sone. Ke bone ba ka mo

kgontshang kana ba ka mo paledisang go tsweledisa ditiro kana maikaelelo a gagwe. Mo palong
ya rona ya tholwana borethe basimane ba, ba bontshitse Bontlenyane gore go pataganya
basimene ga go a siama, mme a ikaelela go go akela.

2.3 Baanelwa ba babotlana

Moithuti, re boletse gore baanelwa ba dirisiwa go supa ditiragalo tsa botshelo jaaka re bo itse.
Ka jalo, baanelwa ba ba botlana ba thusa gore ditiragalo tsa tlhamo di supe botshelo jaaka re bo
itse. Ba etleetsa ditiragalo tsa padi fela, tota ga ba na seabe se kalo kalo mo pading, ga ba laole

26 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

phekelo e ditiragalo di e tsayang. Ke gore le fa ba seyo mo pading kana mo motshamekong

ditiragalo di nna di tswelela pele fela. Tota re kare ba tladitse palo ya badiragatsi gore se ba se
dirang se wele.

Mo palong Tholwana Borethe baanelwa ba tshwana Kagiso le Boiki re ka re ke bone baanelwa

ba ba botlana. Ka goring? Ka gore Kagiso ke ene a lomileng George tsebe ka go ratana ga ga
Bontlenyane le George. Mme e bile Boiki re utlwa fa le ene a ile a phuaganya Bontlenyane
morago ga go ketekwa ke George le Brooks. Ke gore a feleletsa botlhoko jo bon eng bo le mo
pelong ya ga Bontlenyane, mo wa mme a duleng fela jalo a ne a solofetse go gomotsega.

Jaanong a re bale motshameko o o latelang morago o arabe dipotso:

Go tlhoka Maikarabelo ga Batsadi

(Mo maitseboeng kwa motsaneng wa Thining. Go tsena Jairose le Petoro).

Petoro: O sikaretse kae diphaletšhe? Kana go na le gongwe kwa o fudugelang teng?

Jairose: (O belesolola kgetse).Rra nna ke leka botshelo ntlheng tsotlhe. Ke na le
lekunutunyana le mmaseapei.
Petoro: O raya jang? (A itshwara seledu).
Jairose: Ke leka go kokotletsa madi ka go mo neela phaletšhe a bo a ntshukukunyetsa
sengwenyana.
Petoro: O simolotse, e a bo e ka re goromente wa Botswana a lo tlhokomelelela masiela le
dikhutsana ka dijo tse di kana wena o bo o dira kgwebo ka tsone?
Jairose: Ga go reye gore di dintsi fela maano a botshelo a mantsi (A tshega).
Petoro: Mme e seng a go rekisa reišene ya bana (A thukutha tlhogo).
Jairose: Mme kana ga se nna fela, re bantsi batho ba re gwebang ka dijo tse, ba bangwe ba
reka bojalwa jwa Setswana ka tsone fa ba se na madi a go reka. Ba bangwe re reka
megwana ka tsone gore le bareki ba tle ba rathole.
Petoro: Ehe, batho ba ba ratholang mo ba simolotse kgwebo e jalo?
Jairose: Ee, bula matlho. Re le bantsi re dira ditiro tseo ka dijo tse. Ba bangwe ba butse
dimausu gore ba di rekise. A ga se go supa fa tlhaloganyo ya gago e bereka?
Petoro: Gakologelwa gore bana ba ba masiela ga ba na se ba ka se itirang. Jaanong lona
batlhokomedi ba bone lo tsaya dijo tsa bone lo di itirisetsa mo ditirong tsa lona?
Jairose: Moo ga go reye sepe, ga kere ga re fiwe madi a re ka itshetsang ka one? Jaanong
fa ke batla go reka ke tlaa dira jang? Le ’tsatsi la ke eleditse go tsamaya tsamaya
mo go kopa Batswana ke bo ke itshopere fela? Go nosiwa jaaka lesea rra ga go
monate.
Petoro: Jairose, kgang ya gago e a nkgakgamatsa, a e ka re lefatshe le le go tlametse o
bone kagiso ya mowa ka lona wa simolola go bua dilo tse o di buang tseo? Bona
gore dijo tse fa lo di fiwa ga go twe go je bana ba masiela le dikhutsana fela le
lona lotlhe mo ’lelwapeng lo ja mo teng. Nna ke bona o sa dire sentle.
Jairose: Rra wee, fologa mo godimo ga tlhogo ya me, le gone o se ka wa tla go itira
lepodisi mo go nna.

(Go goroga Sesiro)

Sesiro: Hei! Hei! modumo ke wa eng o ka re lo tlaa tshwarana ka diatla jaana?

27 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Jairose: Motho ke yo o a imphetlhela. (O a mo atamela a mo supile ka monwana).

Petoro: Ehe o a rialo, nna ke ne ke thusa wena. Goromente fa a ka lemoga dilo tse re di
dirang lo le batlhokomedi ba masiela, o tlaa emisa go re fa dijo. Fa o batla go
tlola, tlola ke tle ke go supegetse (O sutelela kwa morago).
Sesiro: Iketle Jairose, a itse le wena o ntwa dumela, wa re mathata a gago ke eng? A o ka
se bue fela o sa kuka mafatlha?
Jairose: Motho yo o batla go tlhola a tlhokometse tse re di dirang. A ke ene sejene wa
rona? Ke a tlhaela, a jaanong e ka re ke re ke leka matshelo motho a tlhola
a nkgatile molala? Nna ka re ba re amogedise, ga re ka ke ra tla go swa goromente
a thapholotse letsogo. Fa go ne go kgonega ke ka bo ke re le sešabo se okediwe.
Petoro: Owai!! Moo ke puo fela. Re le bantsi re tshela jalo ka dijo tseo. Bana ba ba di
rekelwang ga ba itatswe sepe mo go tsone. Re sa ntse re tlhokana le go
tlhalosediwa sentle ka dijo tse. Ga go ise go twe re di itirisetse mo mathateng
a rona. Ga twe ke tsa bana ba go tweng re ba tlhokomele, ba ba latlhegetsweng ke
batsadi. Sesiro mo tlogele motho yo ke tle ke mmontshe dinaledi.
Sesiro: Nnyaa, ga go tualo. E ka re lo le banna ba ba kana lwa tlhola lo nnetse go
nkgisana magwafa? Dilo tseo ke tsa batho ba ba sa tlhabologang.
Petoro: Mo lese Sesiro, o kokonelwa ke ditiro tse a di dirang, e e jeleng lekuka e a ikitse
rra.
Jairose: Rra o a ntia, mosadi yole o nkemetse. (O sikara letogo). Ke tloga ke fitlhela a
bone yo mongwe nna ke diilwe ke wena moengele. Tsamaya le motse otlhe o
tlhole ba ba sa ntseng ba na le diphaletšhe. Botlhe ba di rekisitse.
Sesiro: Kgwebo e nna ke ntse ke tsaya gore go a tshamekiwa, golo fa go tlhoafetswe?
Ijoo! mma ke tsamaye. Petoro lesa go ikopisa tlhogo ka Jairose, boganka jwa
gagwe ga bo nke bo mmusetse. O tlaa kopana le ba ba tshwanang nae ba mo
kabolola ditshoka.
Petoro: A a tsamaye fela mme a itse gore motlhamongwe re tlaa bo re bua a sele ka kgang
e, ga e a re siamela. Gape gakologelwa gore tamati fa e bola e bodisa tse dingwe.
Rotlhe re tlile go tshelegelwa ke madi a kgofa.
Jairose: (O bua a tlhaeletsa). Boroko borra, a o tle o fetse go bua, Petoro. Ke kgotshe mo
o go nneetseng go lekane. Mma ke nyelele mo lefifing.
Petoro: Boroko rra! Nna ke sale ke laetse. Sesiro, a mme o bona go dira jaana go siame.
Sesiro: Owai! Mogang re tlaa amogiwang go tlhokomela bana ba re tlaa wela mo isong re
le bantsi. Ga e yo puso e e ka emelelang boitaolo jo. A re bo kgaogane rra.
Petoro: Go siame rra, o dumedise kgarebe e tshetlhana eo ya gago. Lona lo ’sego boSesiro
rona ke rona re kailakailang fela mo (O a tshega).
Sesiro: Go a ipatlelwa rra.
(Ba a kgaogana).

Go tsena kgosana ya motse o na le mogolwane mongwe wa motse.

Kgosana: A re eme re bone motho yo o sikereng letogo yo? Batho ba ga twe ba gweba
ka reišene ya bana ba masiela le dikhutsana. Bona ke Jairose, motho yo ga re
bolo go mo utlwalela. Beke fela fa koloi e e phakisang e phetsoga ga twe o tlaa
bo a lela ka gore bana ba bantsi ba fetsa dijo, dijo e bile ga di lekane. Ke yo o lala
a robega melala ke diphaletšhe. Gompieno re mo tshwere!
Mogolwane: Dumela rra, ema foo re botse.
Jairose: Dumelang borra. O! A ke lona beng ba me?(O wa ka lengole).

28 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Kgosi: Jairose o ya kae ka phaletšhe eo? Go riana kgwedi le kgwedi fa o nna o tsupile
molomo o re dijo ga di lekane o raya e le wena o di rekisang. A o ko o mpolelele
gore o isa kae kgetse ya phaletšhe bosigo jo bo kana?
Jairose: Ke… ke ne ke ile go e adima fale… jaanong ka re ke boe fa semausung sele ke
reke sakarete.
Kgosi: Semausu sefe ka ga o bolo go se feta kwa morago kwa. Bua rra re utlwe sentle
gore wa re o isa kae phaletšhe.
Jairose: Batho, ijoo, ke a bo ke tlaa reng.
Kgosi: (O buela kwa tlase). O tlaa fitlhela ba ikuela tlala fa gare ka kgwedi go twe dijo
tsa bana di fedile ka bana ba ja thata. Rona re tsaya gore gongwe reišene ga e
lekane kante bone ba na le mananeo a bone a ba a dirang. ’Tsatsi leno re iponetse
ka matlho. Rra boela kwa morago o buse phaletšhe eo. Ka moso o bo o tla kwa
kgotleng re go utlwe sentle gore wa reng.
Jairose: (O boa a sulafaletswe). Mong wa me!. Fa ke ka bo ke sale ke utlwile Petoro. Ke
tlaa fitlha ke ba raya ke reng?
Kgosi: Gompieno re go tshwere ka merwalo. Ga go na kgoro ya botso. Mosupi ke yo fa
tlase ga me.
(Ba a tswa).
(E tswa mo bukeng ya Ithute Setswana sa JC ka B. Moses le E. Mokibelo, Pentagon Publishers). Go
baakantswe fale le fale.

Dipotso

1. Nankola ditiragalo tsa botlhokwa di le nne mo motshanmekong o tse re di gogelang kwa

motsubong.
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2. Bolela gore motshameki mogolo fa ke mang.

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3. Sekaseka botho jwa ga Jairose, a o a mo rata kgotsa ga o mo rate? Ntsha mabaka.

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4. Lebelela mabaka a Jairose a a ntshang go rekisa diphaletšhe tsa bana ba masiela le

dikhutsana. A o bona e le mabaka a a nonofileng kgotsa nnyaa?
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29 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

5. Fa o ne o le Petoro, o ne o ka bo o dirile eng go thusa go kgalema lenyatso le? Tlhalosa

ka botlalo.
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6. Ke bafe batshameki ba o ba ratang mo motshamekong o? Ke eng o ba rata?

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7. Motshameki/batshameki ba ba botlhokwa mo motshamekong ke bo mang?

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8. Itlatse ka mabaka a le mabedi gore ke go reng o re ba botlhokwa

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Dikarabo

1. Jairose o sikere diphaletshe tsa mophako wa bana masigo

• Petoro o leka go mmontsha bodiphatsa jwa go rekisa dijo tse, o nganga le Jai-
rose.
• Petoro o rakana le kgosi le mongwe mogolwane wa motse ba mo laela go
busetsa phaletshe kwa lwapeng le go iponatsa kwa kgotleng mo mosong wa le le
latelang.
2.Motshameki mogolo ke Jairose.

3.Ke solofela fa o rile ga o mo rate ka gore ke monna yo a senang boikarableo le e

le rra lolwapa, ka ke yo o rekisa dijo tsa bana ba masiela, mme morago a tloge a re
ga ba phakisiwe dijo tse dintsi.

4. Ga se mabaka a a nonofileng ka gore ke motho fela yo go lebegang a nonofile mo

a ka iperekelang a itirela madi go na le gore a bo a re gaba fiwe madi.

30 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

5.Ga ke itse gore fa o riling fa moithuti, buisanang ka yone. Gongwe fa e le nna nkoo
ke beile Jairose fa fatshe ka lebole, ke mmakisetsa go tsamaya a senya puso ya
rona leina a re ga e tlhokomele batlhoki le masiela mme e le ene a rekisang dijo tse
tsa bana tse.

6. Ke solofela o rile Petoro, kgoai le mogolwane wa motse, ka go lebega ba na le

boikarabelo mo be lekang go bontsha Jairose fa se a se dirang e se sone.
7.Ke Petoro
8. Petoro ke motshameki wa botlhokwa ka key o re bona a gakolola Jairose ka borai
jwa go rekisa dijo tsa masiela le go mo gakolola gore a boela morago boitshwaro jo
jwa gagwe jo bomaswe jo.

Seo e ne e le mefuta ya baanelwa/batshameki moithuti a jaanong re lebelele botho jwa bone.

3.0 Kanelo ya baanelwa

Fa re bua ka kanelo ya baanelwa, re a bo re remeletse mo bothong kana boitshwarong jwa bone.
Tota re batla go bona gore a ka fa moanelwa a itshwarang ka teng ke ka fa go amogelesegang
kana jang. Bakwadi ka go farologana ga bone ba ka dirisa ditsela tse di farologaneng go senola
botho jwa baanelwa ba bone. Ditsela tse e ka nna tse di latelang:

Mokwadi o ka dira gore moanelwa e nne ene a ipolelang gore ke motho yo o ntseng jang.

Sekai: O ka utlwa gongwe moanelwa a bua le ba bangwe a re, “Nna ke poo, fa ngwanyana a tlola ke a
mo raga”. Mo mafokong a a ntseng jaana o kgona go lemoga gore motho yo ke wa sebopego sefe kana
botho jwa gagwe ke jo bo ntseng jang.

Maina a baanelwa le one a ka supa gore ke batho ba botho jo botsiang.

Sekai: Moanelwa o ka bitswa Khutsafalo a bo a tla go nna ka bohutsana mo botshelong jwa

gagwe.

Gongwe a nna motho yo o bonolo ka ntlha ya gore o bitswa Bonolo.

Ditiragalo tsa padi le tsone di ka re senolela botho jwa baanelwa. Ditiro tse moanelwa a di dirang di ka
supa gore o ntse jang.

Sekai: Gongwe moanelwa o ne a na le bakapelo ba le bantsi, se se tla a bo se re supegetsa gore ke motho

yo o matlhomatlho.

Mokwadi gape o ka dirisa baanelwa/batshameki ba bangwe go senola botho jwa moanelwa/motshameki

yo mongwe jaaka gongwe ba ka supa letlhoo kana lorato mo go ene, se se tla a bo se kaya gore ke ka
goreng ba mo tsaya jalo, a ke ka ntlha ya gore le ene ke motho yo o lorato kana yo o mabifi jalo jalo.

31 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Tiro ya gago 3
Tsaya metsotso e metlhano go dira tiro e

Ikgakolole polelwana Tholwana Borethe ka ga Bontlenyane, o bo o araba dipotso

tse:

1. Bontlenyane ke motho yo o ntseng jang? Ntsha lebaka le lengwe go tlatsa

karabo ya gago.
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2. Ke ofe moanelwa yo o sa mo rateng, ke ka goreng o sa mo rate?

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Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 3

1. Bontlenyane ke motho yo o matlhomatlho

2. Gongwe o ka tswa o rile ga o rate Bontlenyane ka a le matlhomatlho kana o rile ga o

rate Kagiso ka o loleme e bile o lotlhagantse bontlenyane le Bakapelo mme a felela a le mo
mathateng, ba mo ketekile.

A botho jwa baanelwa ba mme jone ke jo bo dumelesegang moithuti? A ka fa ba itshwarang ka

teng ke ga motho wa mmatota?
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Fa re lebela polelo ya rona ya Tholwana Borethe, o ka re se baanelwa ba se dirang ke se se
dumelsegang. Ba teng basetsana kana basimane ba ba ka kopakopanyang baratani mme ga tloga
ga tsosa kgaruru, ga lowa mo bangwe re nnang re ba bona ba robaditswe mo dikokelong kana
ba le kwa dikgolegelong. Go nna matlhomatlho go ka tsenya mo diphatseng fela jaaka re bona
ka Bontlenyane.

Banna ke batho ba ba dipelwana mme fa ba ka lemoga fa mosetsana a ba tlhakatlhakanya ba ka

nna bogale mme ba felela ba lwa e e matlho mahibidu, fela jaaka re bona ka George.

Tshoboko
• Moithuti mo thutong e ke tlhalositse ka botlalo se tota baanelwa ba leng sone mme ra ama
dintlha tse di latelang:
• Re boletse fa baanelwa e le badiragatsi ba ditiragalo tsa padi.

32 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

• Re ithutile gape le ka mefuta ya baanelwa/batshameki mme ra supa fa yonee meraro e

bong:
• moanelwa-mogolo yo e leng ene yo ditiragalo tsa padi di ikaegileng ka ene e bile e le ene yo o
senolang setlhoa, molaetsa le kgotlhang.

• Mofuta wa bobedi ke wa baanelwa ba ba botlhokwa ba e leng bone ba re thusang gore re lemoge

gore moanelwa-mogolo ke mang.

• fa mofuta wa boraro e le wa baanelwa ba ba botlana ba tota ba se nang seabe sepe se se kalokalo

mo padding/motshamekong fa e se go etleetsa tlhamo fela ka gore le fa ba seyo tlhamo e nna e
tswelela fela.

• Ntlha e nngwe ke gore re ne ra tlhalosa fa kanelo ya baanelwa e le go tlhalosa botho kana

boitshwaro jwa baanelwa mme re gateletse thata gore o ka lemoga botho jwa moanelwa
gore ke bo ntseng jang o lebile ka fa a dirisanang le ba bangwe ka teng le ka fa a buang
ka teng.
Jaanong tsaya nako e, o arabe dipotso tse di boditsweng e le tsela ya go ikgakolola tse di
tlhalositsweng mo thutong e.

A re Ikgakolole 2

1. Tlhalosa gore baanelwa kana batshameki go tewa eng. [2]

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2. Tlhalosa gore moanelwa/motshameki mogolo go tewa eng? [2]

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3. Boelela seabe sa baanelwa/batshameki ba ba botlhokwa mo pading kana mo

motshamekong. [2]
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4. Nankola o bo o tlhalosa ditsela di le nne tse mokwadi a ka di dirisang go senola botho

kana boitshwaro jwa moanelwa. [8- 2 marks each]

33 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

a)
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b)
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c)
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d)
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3. Ka dintlha di le pedi tlhalosa seabe sa baanelwa/batshameki ba ba botlhokwa mo pading/

motshamekong. [4]

Matshwao otlhe (18)

Itshwaele
O tshwere bokae?

Fa o tshwere kwa tlase ga 70 % kana go feta o ka tswelela le thuto e e latelang mme fa o

tshwere kwa tlase ga 70% tsweetswee boelela thuto e go fitlhelela o e tlhaloganya o bo o
e fenya.

34 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Thuto 3
Paka le lefelo la ditiragalo

i Tshedimoso
Re sa tswa mo thutong e e fetileng go ithuta ka baanelwa mo pading kana batshameki fa e le
mo motshamekong. Re supile fa baanelwa ba kana bone batshameki e le batho ba mokwadi a
ba itlhamelang go diragatsa ditiragalo tsa padi kana motshameko wa gagwe. Gore re re padi
e atlegile ke gore ditiro tse di dirwang ke baanelwa/batshameki ba di dumelesege, ke gore e
nne tse e leng gore di ka dirwa ke motho wa mmannete, nna le wena moithuti. Boitsholo kana
botho jwa bone le jone e nne jo bo dumelesegang, e seka ya nna batho ba maselamose kana ba
mainane. Re tlhalositse le yone mefuta ya baanelwa ba jaaka moanelwa/motshameki mogolo,
ba botlhokwa le ba ba botlana.

Jaanong mo go e thuto re tla a lebelela e nngwe ntlha ya tshekatsheko ya tlhamo ya bokwadi, e

bong paka le lefelo la ditiragalo. Tota fa mokwadi a kwala o a bo a batla go abelana le wena o le
mmadi thuto nngwe ka jalo o dira gore ditiragalo tsa tlhamo ya gagwe di tshwane le tse motho
wa nama le madi jaaka nna le wena re ka di tlhaloganyang re bo re bone e le tse di tshelang.
Go dira jalo o dira jaaka e kete batho ba gagwe ke batho ba ba tshelang mme a dire le mafelo
a ditiragalo di diragalelang mo go one gammogo le dinako tse ditiragalo tse di diragalang ka
tsone. Se e a bo e le go leka go supa botshelo jaaka re bo itse.

Jaanong moithuti o tshwanetse go tlhaloganya thata gore fa re bua ka paka ya ditiragalo, ga re

bue ka Mariga le Selemo jalo jalo. Nnyaa! Re bua ka nako e tshwanang le ya segologolo, ya
diphetogo le ya seša. Ke gore nako e ditiragalo tse o di setseng morago kana tse o balang ka tsone
di diragetseng mo go yone. Fela jalo lefelo ke la mofuta mang, a di diragalela kwa metseng ya
magae kana kwa metse setoropong. Dipaka tse o tla ditlhaloganya ka botlalo mo go yone thuto
e. Mafelo le dipaka di tshwanetse go tsamaelana kana go nyalana le boitshwaro, megopolo le
dikakanyo tsa baanelwa mme o tla nna o utlwa mo go tseneletseng fa re ntse re tsweletse le thuto.

Pele ke ka tswelela a re lebelele maikaelelo a thuto e mmogo.

Maikaelelo a thuto e
Kwa bokhutlong jwa thuto e, o tshwanetse go kgona go:

• tlhalosa paka le lefelo la ditiragalo

• bolela gore a paka le lefelo di rotloetsa kgonagalo le tumelesego ya ditiragalo
• bolela gore a paka le lefelo di rotloetsa kgonagalo le tumelesego ya boitshwaro jwa
baanelwa/batshameki ka teng

35 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Diteng
1.0 Paka ya ditiragalo 36
2.0 Lefelo la ditiragalo 39
3.0 Thotloetso ya paka le lefelo la ditiragalo le kgonagalo/ tumelesego ya ditiragalo 40
4.0 Thotloetso ya paka le lefelo la ditiragalo moboitshwarong jwa baanelwa 41
Tshoboko 41
A re ikgakolole 3 42

1.0 Paka ya ditiragalo

Paka ya ditiragalo re raya eng?Paka ya ditiragalo ke nako kana motlha o ditiragalo tsa
motshameko kana padi di diragalang ka one.Ditiragalo tse di diragalang tse, di tshwanetse tsa
tsamaelana le boitshwaro, dikakanyo tsa baanelwa gammogo le paka e di diragalang ka yone.
Mefuta e ditiragalo tse di ka diragalang mo go yone e a farologana, mo setlhogwaneng se se
latelang re tla a sedimosa ka mefuta eo.

1.1 Mefuta ya dipaka tsa ditiragalo

O tshwanetse gore o se ka wa tsietsega moithuti fa ke bua ka dipaka gongwe wa akanya disele

tsa go tshwana le tsa Lediri e bong paka jaanong, paka e e fetileng le tse dingwe fela jalo.Dipaka
tse ditiragalo di ka diragalang mo go tsone ke tse di latelang tse:

• Paka ya segologolo
• Paka ya diphetogo
• Paka ya seša
a) Paka ya segologolo
Paka e ke e mo go yone ditiraglo di ikaegileng ka botshelo jwa Setswana-tswana, sa bo rraarona
mogolo. Ke nako e e lemotshega ka dilo tsa maloba jaaka didirisiwa di tshwana dilei, dikika go
sila mabele, ditampa.Kapari ke ya setso e tshwana ya matlalo, dibaga, bongaka ke jwa setso.Dijo
ke tsa setso jaaka dinawa,merogo le maungo a naga.Botshelo jo bo ikaegileng ka temo-thuo le
thuto ya ngwao, e leng ya bojale le bogwera. Palo e e mo pakeng e ga re solofela go bona sepe
sa matshelo a segompieno mo go yone.
c) Paka ya diphetogo
E paka fela jaaka re re diphetogo ke nako e matshelo a baanelwa a fetogang ka yone. Ba a bo
ba tswa mo segologolong ba gatela pele go tsena mo botshelong jwa seša, re ka re go nna le
tlhabologo e e diragalang mo matshelong a bone ka kakaretso. O tshwanetse gore o tlhaloganye
gore phetogo ke selo se se diragalang ka bonya, go tsaya nako gore batho ba fetogele dilo
dingwe tse ba ntseng ba di dira, ka jalo o tla fitlhela go na le tlhakatlhakano ya dilo tsa setso le
tsa segompieno.O tla fitlhela go na le dikai tsa dilo tsa seša mme gape go na le tsa segologolo
tse di sa ntseng di bonala fale le fale. Fa ke gone fa re bonang motswako wa paka ya segologolo
le ya sešateng, tiriso ya bonkadilatlha, dikolo tsa go ithutela go nna barutabana le dingaka tsa
sekgoa, temo-thuo le go jesa leruo boOmang jalo jalo go ka tlhagelela. Metsenelela ya matshelo
a maloba le a gompieno a a senoga mo pakeng e.

36 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

c)Paka ya seša/ segompieno

Paka e yone e lemotshega ka didirisiwa tsa seša, mme boitshwaro le dikakanyo tsa baanelwa le
tsone ke tsa segompieno. O ka e lemoga ka dilo di tshwana le dikolo tsa dikholetšhe, bongaka
jwa sekgoa, tiriso ya dikhompiutara, metlakase, go ratana le bakapelo ba bantsi le gone go
bolaana ga bakapelo tota. Tota e paka ke e e ikaegileng ka matshelo a tlhabologo. Mo palong
e e thaetsweng mo pakeng e, ga re a solofela go fitlhela metsenelela e mentsi ya ngwao kana
botshelo jwa setso. Gongwe fale o ka sela sengwe sa setso, gongwe se tswa ka mongwe wa
baanelwa/batshameki mme fela se sa tlopelesega, e bile ditiragalo di sa ikaega ka sone.

Tiro ya gago 1
Dira tiro e mo metsotsong e metlhano

Lebelela ditshwantsho tse di latelang:

Bolela gore dikai tse o di boneng mo ditshwantshong se di go supegetsa gore go ka

tswa go buiwa ka paka efe ya ditiragalo. O ntshe mabaka a gore ke eng fa o rialo.

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37 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

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Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 1

Gongwe o ka tswa o rile di nkgopotse gore ke paka ya bogologolo. Fa o rialo o nepile
ka gore le fa gongwe disigo le ikika di santse di ka bonwa mo mafelong mangwe fela
ke didirisiwa tse di neng di tlotlogile mo malobeng. Mo gompienong go le gabtsi re isa
mabele le one mmidikwa ditshilong go silwa bopi. Dijo tsa masimo ga di sa bewa thata mo
diraleng morago ga go phota di a rekisiwa kana di bewa mo difalananeng tse ditona tsa ga
goromente, tsa go tshwana tsa Marketing Board.

Tiro ya gago 2
Tsaya metso e matlhano go dira tiro e

Tlhalosa gore tse ditshwantsho tsone moithuti di senola paka kana dipaka dife tsa
ditiragalo.
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38 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 2

Ke solofela fa o supile gore mo setshwantshong sa ntlha didirisiwa di senola paka ya sesa.
Mo ditshwantshong tsa bobedi go senoga matshelo a paka ya diphetogo. Buisanang lo le
mo ditlhopeng gore ke eng se se bonagalang mo ditshwantshong tse se se go senolelang
dipaka tse re sa tswang go di balolola tseo.

Buisanang ka dipaka tse lo le mo ditlhopeng tsa go ithuta mme lo thusane gore mo go tsone o
ka fitlhela didirisiwa tsa mofuta mang. Mo gongwe o ka kopa thuso mo go morutabana wa lona
go lo kaela ka tse dingwe.

2.0 Lefelo la ditiragalo

Lefelo la ditiragalo lone re a bo re bua ka eng moithuti? Fa go buiwa ka lefelo la ditiragalo

moithuti, go a bo go tewa kwa ditiragalo tsa tlhamo di diragalelang teng. Ga re bue ka maina
a mafelo ao re bua ka mefuta ya mafelo a, gore fa e le gore lefelo le ntse jalo o le bona e le la
sebopego sefe. Ka jalo ke kare go na le mefuta e le meraro ya mafelo a ditiragalo fela jaaka go
na le dipaka di le tharo tsa ditiragalo.

2.1 Mefuta ya mafelo a ditiragalo

Mefuta e ke e e latelang: Motse-selegae, motse-setoropo le toropo.

Jaanong moithuti a re lebelele mefuta e ya mafelo a ditiragalo ka bongwe ka bongwe.

a) Legae/motse-selegae/motse wa Setswana

Mo mofuteng o wa lefelo, re tshwanetse go bona baanelwa ba tshela botshelo jwa setso.

Didirisiwa, dijo, kapari, dikakanyo le jone boitshwaro tota e le jwa setso, jwa batho ba ba tshelang
mo motseng wa Setswana. Tota botshelo e le jwa maloba jwa segologolo, go sa tlhagelele sepe
sa segompieno. Bontsi jwa dilo tse di fitlhelwang fa ke tsa segologolo di tshwana le temo-thuo,
go tsoma, bonkadilatlha jalo jalo.

b) Motse-setoropo

Mo motseng-setoropo fela jaaka leina le bolela re fitlhele dikai tsa batho ba ba tshelang botshelo
jo bo kopakopaneng, ke gore bangwe ba tshela botshelo jwa setso jwa legae fa ba bangwe
bone ba gatela pele ka botshelo jwa segompieno e leng jwa toropo.Tota ke kare go nna le
phetogo matshelong a batho ka jalo go na le dikai tsa botshelo jwa segologolo di kopane le tsa
segompieno. O ka fitlhela bana ba tsena dikolo tsa segompieno tsa bana ba bannye, bangwe ba
ithutela go nna baoki mme go sa ntse go na le ba e reng fa bana ba bone ba lwala ba ba ise kwa
go bonkadilatlha go ya go kopa thuso kwa go bone.Ka jalo leina le motse-setoropo le biditswe
ka ntlha ya one mabaka a.

39 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

c) Toropo

Mo mofuteng wa toropo ke fa re bonang go tshelwa botshelo jwa segompieno kana jwa seša
teng. Bontsi jwa dilo jaaka didirisiwa, dijo, kapari, dikakanyo le boitshwaro jwa baanelwa e le
tsa seša. O ka fitlhela go na le dikolo tsa ithutelo ditiro tsa go tshwana le bongaka jwa sekgoa,
dikoloi tsa leokwane, dipone tse di laolang metsamao ya dikoloi le batho, diofisi le dikompone
ka go farologana le tse dingwe fela jalo.

Tiro ya gago 3
Tsaya metsotso e le meraro go dira tiro e

Dirisa kitso e o e anywileng go tswa mo go se ke se go tlhaloseditseng ka ga mefuta

ya dipaka le mafelo a ditiragalo go tlatsa moalo o o latelang.

Paka ya ditiragalo Lefelo la ditiragalo

Segologolo _____________________
___________________ Motse-setoropo
Sesa/segompieno ________________________

Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 3

Ke solofela fa o nyalantse sentle. Buisana le moithuti ka wena lo thusanang, fa lo na le
mathata, bona morutabana.

3.0 Thotloetso ya paka le lefelo la ditiragalo le

kgonagalo le tumelesego ya ditiragalo

Ditiragalo tse re di fitlhelang mo palong di tshwanelwa ke go dumalana le lefelo le nako e di

diragalang ka yone. Fa paka e le ya segologolo, ya seša kana ya diphetogo matshelo a baanelwa/
batshameki a tshwanelwa ke go tsamaalana le nako e ba tshelang mo go yone. Ditiro tsa bone,
le se ba se jang fela jalo se tshwanelwa ke go dumalana le nako le lefelo le ba le mo go lone.
Dikakanyo tsa bone di tshwanelwa ke go tsamaalana le nako e ba tshelang mo go yone.

Puo e e dirisiwang fa e le mo pakeng ya segologolo key a Setswnana sa mmatota se se senang

metsenelela epe ya seeng. Fa e le paka ya diphetogo re kgona go fitlhela metsenenela ya dipuo
tse dingwe segolo jang mo bananeng fale le fale mokwadi a ntse a fets a latlhela puo ya setsotsi
kana ya sejatlhpai.

Ela tlhoko
Ditiragalo ga di a tshwanela go ronana le paka e di thaetsweng mo go yone, gammogo le lefelo.
Ya mo dibukeng tse o tlhopetsweng go di bala mme e re o ntse o di sekaseka o bone gore a mme
tota a ditiragalo mo go yone ga di ronane le paka le lefelo la ditiragalo tsa buka ya go nna jalo.

40 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

4.0 Thotloetso ya paka le lefelo la ditiragalo mo

boitshwarong jwa baanelwa
Moithuti o tshwanetse gore o tlhaloganye gore boitshwaro jwa baanelwa kana batshameki bo
tshwanetse go tsamaelana le nako kana paka e ba tshelang mo go yone gammogo le lone lefelo
le baleng mo go lone. Fa e le gore paka ke ya segologolo re solofela gore mofuta wa lefelo e bo
e le wa legae, o gape re ka o bitsang motse-selegae kana motse wa Setswana. Mo go raya gore
boitshwaro jwa baanelwa bo tshwanetse go nna jwa batho ba segologolo ba se ka ba itshwara
jaaka batho ba seša. Re bone balemi-barui ba dikakanyo le mekgwa ya segologolo, bonkadilatlha,
didirisiwa tse di betlilweng ka logong jalo jalo.

Mme fa e le gore paka ke ya diphetogo, lefelo le tshwanetse go nna la motse-setoropo, go itshupe

gore go na le dikai tsa segologolo le tsa seša. Baanelwa go nne le ba basa ntseng ba dumela mo
segologolong le ba e leng gore bone ba mo segompienong. Fela jalo le ka paka ya seša, le yone
e tshwanetse go supa botshelo jwa seša jwa lefelo la toropo. Baanelwa e nne ba ba akanyang
e bile ba itshwara segompieno, ba tsena mo dikholetšheng, tiriso ya dibanka le metšhine e e
ntshang madi, dikhompiutara jalo jalo.

Tota o tshwanetse go tlhaloganya gore fa e le gore wa re paka ke ya seša, go raya gore lefelo
ke la toropo le dikai tsa didirisiwa ga mmoogo le go itshwara ga baanelwa/batshameki go nne
mo go tsamaalanang le paka le lefelo kana ditiro di tshwanetse go tsamaelana kana go tshwana
le paka ya go nna jalo. Se se dirwang ke baanelwa ga se a tshwanela go fapaana le mofuta wa
paka le lefelo tse ba tshelang mo go tsone.

Sekai: A ke re o ne o botswa potso go twe o bolele paka ya ditiragalo, o bo o fa sekai. Karabo

ya gago e be e nna paka ya segompieno.
Ka go reng? Go na le kholetshe le University.
Potso e nngwe e be e batla gore o bolele mofuta wa lefelo, o bo o fa sekai.
Go raya gore karabo fa ke toropo. Go na le kholetšhe .

Ke sone se ke se buang fa kere di tshwanetse go nyalana, di dumelelsege, go seka ga nna la

ketsaetsego.

A jaanong re di garele.

Tshoboko

Mo thutong e re ithutile gore:

Fa o bala tlhamo o ele tlhoko thata nako e ditiragalo tsa yone di diragetseng ka yone. Re senotse mefuta
e meraro yap aka ya ditiragalo jaaka paka ya segologolo, ya seša le ya diphetogo.

Dipaka tse re di tlhalositse jaana:

• Paka ya segologolo ke e batho ba tshelang botshelo jwa ngwao jo bo sa tlhakanang le

jwa segompieno
• ya diphetogo ke e go tshelwang botshelo jo bo tlhakaneng e leng jwa segologolo le

41 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

jwa sesa mo go yone gammogo

• ya sesa e le e re bonang botshelo jwa segompieno.

Re supile gape gore dipaka tse, di tsamaelana le mefuta e meraro ya mafelo a ditiragalo. One ke:

• paka ya segologolo e tsamaelana le lefelo la legae/selagae

• paka ya diphetogo e tsamaelana le lefelo la motse-setoropo

• fa paka ya seša e tsamaelana le lefelo la toropo.

Kwa bofelong re umakile gore o tshwanetse go itse gore ka fa baanelwa ba itshwarang ka teng
le gone go tshwanetse go tsamaelana kana go nyalana le mefuta ya dipaka le mafelo tse ba
tshelang mo go tsone gore re tle re kgone go bona gore ditiragalo di a dumelesega.

A re Ikgakolole 3

Dira tiro e e latelang mo metsotsong e masome mararo.

1. Bolela mefuta ya dipaka tsa ditiragalo o bo o e tlhalose ka botlalo [9]

a)
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b)
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c)
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2. Bolela mafelo a a tsamaelanang le dipaka tse o di boletseng mo potso 1, o bo o supe gore di

tsamaelana jang. [6]

a)
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42 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

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c)
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3. Kwala dikai di le tharo tse di supang gore paka ke ya diphetogo. [3]

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4. Tlhalosa ka botlalo ka fa paka le lefelo la ditiragalo di rotloetsang boitshwaro jwa baanelwa

le tumelesego ya ditiragalo ka teng. [6]
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Matshwao otlhe (25)

Itshwaele
O tshwere bokae?

Fa o tshwere kwa tlase ga 70 % kana go feta o ka tswelela le thuto e e latelang mme fa o

tshwere kwa tlase ga 70% tsweetswee boelela thuto e go fitlhelela o e tlhaloganya o bo o
e fenya.

43 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Thuto 4
Molaetsa

i Tshedimoso
Mo thutong e e sa tswang go feta re ithutile ka paka le lefelo la ditiragalo. Re supile fa ditiragalo
tsa padi/motshameko di tshwanelwa ke go nyalana kana go dumalana le paka e di diragalang ka
yone gammogo le lefelo le di diragalelang mo go lone. Re ithutile gore go na le mefuta e meraro
yap aka ya ditiragalo mme mefuta e ke paka yasegologolo, ya diphatogo le ya sesa. Mefuta e ya
dipaka jaaka e le meraro jaana re rile e tshwanela gape ke go dumalalna le mafelo a ditiragalo di
thaetsweng mo go one. Paka ya segologolo re rile e supagala ka lefelo la metse selage kana ya
Setswana, ka botshelo bo ikaegileng gotlhe gotlhe ka setso, go sena metsenelela epe ya seeng.

Paka ya diphetogo ka yone re a bo re bona matshelo a fetoga, baanelwa ba anywa dilo dingwe
mo dilong tsa seeng, teng fa lefelo kana mafelo e ka nna setorop le selegae. Ke fa baanelwa/
batshameki ba ka tsamayang mo mafelong a ka go a kabakanya, ba tshela botshelo jwa setso
le jwa sekgoa. Paka ya seša yone re rile lefelo la ditiragalo ke toropo. Matshelo a baanelwa/
batshameki ke a seša, a aikaegileng ka ditiro le mekgwa ya seeng kana ya dilo tsa tlhago.
Jaanong re ntse re a sutelela mme mo thutong e ya bone re tla bo re lebeletse ntlha e nngwe ya
tshekatsheko ya bokwadi, e bong molaetsa.

Mo botshelong re le batho re nna re ithuta dilo di le dintsi tse di amang matshelo a rona ka go
farologana. Re ka ithuta dilo tse di botlhokwa fa re ntse re tsere dikgang le ditsala tsa rona,
ba losika kana babereki ka rona. Ga go motlhofo gore le je dikgang fela tse eleng gore fa le di
wetsa,wena ga o a itseela sepe mo go tsone. O tshwanetse gore o bo anywile sengwe mo go
tsone kana o ithutile sengwe.Fela jalo mo padding/mosthaemko ga re balele go itlosa bodutu
fela mme e tshwanetse ya re kwa bofelong ra bo re setse sengwe mo palong e re e badileng. Re
ithutile sengwe, se re se bitsang molaetsa kana thitokgang ya padi kana motshameko.

Mo thutong e re tla bo re tlhalosa molaetsa ka botlalo, re bo re lebelela ka fa o ka senolwang ka

teng le gone go o amanya le botshelo jo re bo tshelang.

A re lebelele maikaelelo a thuto e

Maikaelelo

Kwa bokhutlong jwa thuto e, tshwanetse gore o bo o kgona go:

• tlhalosa molaetsa
• senola molaetsa wa padi/khutshwe kana motshameko
• bolela ditsela tse molaetsa o ka senolwang ka tsone
• amanya molaetsa le botshelo ka kakaretso

44 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Diteng
1.0 Tlhaloso ya molaetsa 45
2.0 Ditsela tsa go senola molaetsa 47
3.0 Kamanyo ya molaetsa le botshelo 50
Tshoboko 50
A re Ikgakolole 4 51

1.0 Molaetsa/ Thito-kgang

Moithuti, tota mokwadi fa a simolola a nna fa fatshe a re o a kwala, go a bo go na le sengwe se
tota se mo gwetlhang gore a dire jalo. Go a bo go na le sengwe se a bonang se le mosola mme
e bile a bona go le botlhokwa gore a se kgaogane le ba bangwe gore le bone fa ba bona se le
botlhokwa ba se itirisetse. Ka jalo, re ka re molaetsa ke maitemogelo mangwe a mokwadi a a
abelanang le babadi ba padi ya gagwe. Ka tsela nngwe re ka re molaetsa ke thuto e mmadi a e
ithutang mo pading kana mo motshamekong o a o balang. Thuto e, e akaretsa dilo di le mmalwa
tsa botshelo.

O tshwanetse go ela tlhoko moithuti gore moanelwa/motshameki-mogolo ke ene yo o re

senolelang molaetsa. Re ithuta gore dilo di ntse jang mo pading re lebile mo go ene, go tloga
le padi kwa e simololang teng go fitlha kwa e felelang teng. O ka itsaya wa ipaya mo seemong
sa moanelwa yo, wa bona gore fa e ne e le wena dilo di go diragalela jaaka di mo diragalela
wena o ne o ka tsaya tshwetso efe kana gongwe wa bona gore ehe! Go riana dilo fa di ntse jaana
motho o ka dira jaana. Se, se a bo se supa gore o itsheletse sengwe se o boneng se ka go thusa
mo botshelong.

Ba fe moletsa wa palo ya madi mmaba le tholwana borethe.

A re tseye palo e le ya rona ya Madi Mmaba. Fa o lebetse se se diragalang mo palong e ka

moanelwa Petoro,o kare se o se ithutang ka moanelwa yo ke eng?
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Gongwe o ka tswa o rile go rata madi mo go feteletseng mme o senaone go ka rae-
la. Eo ke thuto e e sedimosiwang ke Petoro. O ne a se na madi mme a simolola go
eletsa dilonyana tse di mmatlang madi. Ka go rialo a simolola go nna dinalanyana, a
utswela baithuti ba bangwe fa ba ile dithutong. O ne a felela kae? A senyegetswe ke
sekolo. Ke nnete lorato lw madi mo go feteletseng ke modi wa dilo tse di bosula.

Seo moithuti ke se o ka reng o se ithutile mo palong eo ya Madi Mmaba. Ke sone molaetsa

wa palo eo.

45 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Tiro ya gago 1
Tsaya metsotso e metlhano go dira tiro e

Boela kwa thutong ya bobedi o bale motshameko ole wa boJairose le Petoro mme
o supe gore mo go one se o se ithutileng ke eng. Ka mantswe a mangwe molaetsa
wa motshameko o ke eng?
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Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 1

Molaetsa wa motshameko o ke gore monna o bolawa ke se a se jeleng. Jairose o ne a
sena boikarabelo ka go rekisa dijo tsa bana ba masiela, (a a tlhokomelang), e re morago a
bo a supa puso ka monwana a re ga e ba phakise mo go lekaneng. Se se ne sa mmakela
mathata mme a tshwanelwa ke go biletswa fa pele ga lekgotla go tla go arabela masula a a
dirileng.

O bo o ka re se ke se ithutileng ke gore fa o le motsadi o tshwanelwa ke g nna le

maikarabelo mo dilong tse o di dirang, segolo fa go lebeletswe mo go wena gore o na le go
ka godisa bana aba ba tlogetsweng le wena.

Ela tlhoko
Fa potso e re molaetsa ke eng? O e araba ka gore molaetsa wa palo/padi/motshameko o
ke gore …. Fa e re o ithutile eng? O simolola ka gore ke ithutile gore … Ka jalo o nne o
ela tlhoko gore dipotso tse tsa molaetsa o ka di bodiwa ka tsele efe moithuti.

A re tswelele ka go ithuthuntsha.
Bala palo e e latelang mme morago o arabe tiro ya gago 2.
Mpho o ne a tlhokafalelwa ke mmaagwe a sale mmotlana thata, mme ka mmangwaneagwe
a ne a solofeditse gore mo khularong ya ga mogolowe o tla sala a mo tlhokomelela ngwana
o ne a sala le ene. O ne a tsaya madi a matshidiso gammogo le a a neng a tswa kwa go ba
tiro ya ga Mma-Mpho ka ditsholofetso tsa gore o ya go abolokela ngwana. Owaii! Maaka
a matala. Ngwana a simolola go tlhoka madi a sepalamo go ya sekolong a bo a onalelwa
ke paka ya sekolo, e bile a setse a otile fa ba ga mmangwaneagwe bone ba jela ka mogopo
o mosweu e bile ba tshuba le ka motlakase tota. O ne a sa kgathale gotlhelele ka Mpho
mosadi yo, maikano le ditsholofetso tsa pele di fetogile lefela la mafela. Hei! Fa re re batho
re bolawa ke ba re tsetsweng nabo, re raya jaana. O bo o bone gore yo o seng wa gaeno o
botoka fela thata.

46 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Tiro ya gago 2
Tsaya metsotso e le meraro go dira tiro e

Go tswa mo temaneng e moithuti o ka re molaetsa ke eng? Tlatsa karabo ya gago

ka lebaka go tswa mo go yone temana e.
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Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 2

Molaetsa wa palo e ke gore batho re bolawa ke ba re tsetsweng le bone. O senolwa ke sone
seane se mokwadi a se supileng kwa bofelong jwa palo e. Yo o senolang molaetsa o ke
ne mmangwaneagwe Mpho. Ka go ikana fa a tla a tlhokomela ngwana kante o raya a tla a
ikgagapelela dithuto tsa ga Mpho a bo a mo tlogela Mpho a sotlega ene le bana ba gagwe
bana ba le mo letlepung, le ba le tliseditsweng ke dikhumo tsa ga mpho.

O ka boa wa re moaletsa ke gore o se bone tholana borethe teng ga yone go a baba kana
nko re e rwele fela e sa dupelele. Fa Mpho le ba bangwe ba masika ba ne ba dupeletse se
mmangwaneagwe a tla se dirang ba ko ba sa mo letla go re e nne ene motlhokomedi wa

ga Mpho, le go mo fa boikarabelo jwa dithuto tsa ga Mpho.

2.0 Ditsela tsa go senola molaetsa

Mo tlhamong (padi/ motshameko) mokwadi o ka dirisa ditsela tse di farologaneng go leka go
re senolela molaetsa wa gagwe ka tsone. Ditsela tse e ka nna tse di latelang:

• O ka dirisa setlhogo sa padi.

• O ka dirisa seane kana mafoko a boeleditswe kgapetsa-kgapetsa.
• O ka dirisa ditiragalo tsa padi kana buka ya gagwe.
• O ka dirisa baanelwa kana batshameki.

Mme jaanong moithuti a re leke go tlhalosa ditsela tse ka go di tsaya ka bongwe ka bongwe.

47 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

2.1 Molaetsa ka setlhogo sa padi

Nako le nako fa o bala padi kana buka, o tshwanetse go ela tlhoko setlhogo sateng mme o tla
lemoga gore se nyalana le ditiragalo tsa padi kana buka eo, mme se, se ka go supegetsa fa molaetsa
le one o remeletse mo setlhogong sa teng. Go na le dibuka kana ke kare dipadi tse e leng gore
ditlhogo tsa tsone e ntse ke melaetsa ya tsone. Ditlhogo tse di ka tswa di kwadilwe e le diane
kana mafoko fela jaaka palo ya rona ya tholwana borethe. Ke solofela fa o sa e gakologelwa
moithuti mo thutong ya bobedi. Moanelwa Bontlenyane key one tholwana e go tweng o se bone
tholwana borethe teng gay one go a baba. O ne a le montlenyane jaaka leina la gagwe fela a le
ditiro di maswe, a fapaakanya banna.

Ka jalo o lea tlhoko dipadi tse o tla a di tlhopelwang go dib ala gore a ga gona tse ditlhogo tsa
tsone di senolang molaetsa.

2.2 Molaetsa o ka senolwa ka ditiragalo tsa padi kana buka

Fa o bala padi go botlhokwa thata gore o tlhaloganye gore go diragala eng ka gore mokwadi o
kgona gore a se ka a go bolelela molaetsa ka setlhogo mme a go fe ditiragalo tsa padi fela.Se,
se bo se raya gore o tshwanetse wa di sala morago gore o tlhaloganye ka botlalo gore ga twe
go diragala eng, ke gone o ka kgonang go lemoga molaetsa wa padi kana motshameko oo gore
ke eng.

A re bale temananyana ke e:

Robi e ne e le mosimane yo o neng a le botlhale fela thata, sebe sa phiri ke gore o ne a le

dinalanyana. O ne a itse tiro e ya gagwe mo o neng o ka bona gore fa e ne e le e e elwang
sekolong o ka bo a ne a tla fenya ka maduo a a kwa godimo thata. Ka re fa o ne o ka re
o bapile le ene wa bonya o ne o fitlhela a fetile ka sengwe sa gago. Fa o re phaphaphaaa!
A bo a le kgakala mosimane yo mosesane. O ne a humanegisitse ba le bantsi mme a ise
a ke a tshwarwe.

Ka lengwe letsatsi a tsena fa go sa tsenweng.Ya re fa a se na go tsaya se a neng a se tsayang

a bo a re o tlola ka lebotana jaaka a tlwaetse, o ipone fela are sitlhaa! fa fatshe jaaka kgetsi
ya letswai. A bona dinaledi motshegare, a ikutlwa a felelwa. A mo phamphamolotse monna
wa letso la Seburu. E rile fa a mo atamela ke fa a neela mowa. A mo tsaya a mo latlhela
kwa ntle jaaka o kare o latlha ntša, a bo a mmiletsa mapodise go tla go mo rwala.

48 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Tiro ya gago 3
Tsaya metsotso e le metlhano go dira tiro e

Morago ga go bala temana e, tlhalosa gore o ithutile eng mo go yone mme o

nonotshe karabo ya gago ka sekai go tswa mo go yone temana e.
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Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 3

Ke solofela fa o rile ke ithutile gore go nna dinalanyana (bogodu) ga go a siama ka go

ka felela go go baketse mathata. Ke yoo Robi ka go nna dinalanyana o felela a tsene
mo mathateng. A wetse fa go sa tsenweng, a mo phaphamolotse ka tlhobolo monna
wa leburu.

2.3 Molaetsa o ka senolwa ka seane kana mafoko a

boeleditswe kgapetsa-kgapetsa

Tsela e nngwe ke e e leng gore mokwadi o ka nna le mafoko kgotsa seane se a tsamayang a se
dirisa gantsintsi mo pading kana mo motshamekong. Mafoko a, o tshwanetse go a ela tlhoko fela
thata ka ntlha ya gore ga se gore o a dirisa fela ka go bo a batla gore o kgatlhege, e a bo e jaaka
a go fa molaetsa. Bokao jwa one bo a bo bo tsamaelana le ditiragalo tsa padi kana motshameko.

Sekai ke palo e re neng re sa tswa go e bala ya ga Mpho le mmangwaneagwe, mo mokwading

a feletsang ka seane se se reng ‘batho re bolwa ke ba re tswetsweng le bone’. Se ka tswa se sa
boelediwa kgapetsakgapetsa ka teman e le khutswana fela se rwele molaetsa wa palo e ka botlalo.

2.4 Go senola molaetsa ka moanelwa kana motshameki

O tshwanetse go ela tlhoko moithuti gore mokwadi o ka dirisa moanelwa go senola molaetsa.
Moanelwa o ka bua mafoko mangwe e bile a a bua gangwe le gape a a tsamaelanang le ditiragalo
tsa padi, a a raya baanelwa ba bangwe, gongwe a a ithaya ene ka sebele. Tota go dira jalo e le
go leka go fetisa molaetsa.

Tseo e ne e le ditsela sa gosenola molaetsa mo palong, a jaanong re o tseye mme re leke go o

amanya le botshelo jwa mmatota go bona gore a padi/motshameko re ka re di sedimosa tse di
diragalang mo lefatsheng jaaka re di itse ebile re ka di bona.

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JC: Setswana Mothama 7

3.0 Kamano ya molaetsa le botshelo

Fa o bala padi kana motshameko o tshwanetse gore o tseye ditiragalo gammogo le molaetsa o di
amanye le se se diragalang mo botshelo jo bo tshelwang ke motho wa nama le madi jaaka nna le
wena. Thuto e o e anywang o tshwanetse gore o e amanye le botshelo jaaka o bo itse. Molaetsa
wa padi kana buka o ka amana le botshelo ka ntlha ya gore o lemoga fa se tota molaetsa o se
buang e le se diragalang mo botshelong jo bo tshelwang ke batho ba nama le madi.

Tiro ya gago 4
Tsaya metsotso e le metlhano go dira tiro e

Lebelela motshameko wa go tlhoka maikarabelo ga batsadi, wa bo Jairose le

Petoro, mme o amanye molaetsa wa yone le botshelo jaaka bo ntse;
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Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 4

Motshameko o o re ruta gore bangwe batsadi gaba na boikarabelo, segolo jang mo

baneng ba masiela ba ba tlogelweng mo tlhokomelong ya bone. Molaetsa o re o boneng
mo motshamekong o ke se re bonng se diragala mo botshelong. Re nna re utlwa fa
bangwe batsadi basa tlhokomele bana bammeba rekisa dijo tsa bone tse ba di fiwang
ke ba boipelego. Se se supa gone go tlhoka boikarabelo ga batsadi mo malwepeng a
bone.

A jaanong re leke go soboka tiro ya thuto e.

Tshoboko

Go garela thuto e re ithutile gore:

Molaetsa ke thuto e o e ithutang go tswa mo pading e o e badileng kana motshameko o e leng gore o
ne o o lebeletse kana o o bala.

Molaetsa mo pading/motshamekong o ka tlhagisiwa ka ditsela tse di farologaneng. Ditsela tse di

akaretsa:

50 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

• sa setlhogo sa padi

• ditiragalo tsa padi kana motshameko

• seane mokwadi a se boeletsa gantsinyana

• moanelwa/motshameki mongwe gore e nne ene a tswang ka molaetsa o.

Moanelwa mogolo ke ene yo o re senolelang molaetsa wa tlhamo.

Re buile gape ra amanya molaetsa le botshelo mme re supa fa se e le go tsaya molaetsa o o ithutileng o
bo o supa gore a o lemogile fa se mokwadi a re se rutang e le selo se se leng teng mo botshelong kana
ke ka re a se kgona go diragala mo botshelong jo re bo itseng kana ke ditsiabadimo fela.

Mme jaanong morago ga go go tlhalosetsa dintlha tse, nte ke bone gore a mme o utlwile gore
ke ne ke reng.

A re Ikgakolole 4
Tsaya metsotso e se kae fela go araba dipotso tse.

1. Tlhalosa gore molaetsa go tewa eng. [3]

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2. Bolela ditsela di le nne tse molaetsa o ka senolwang ka tsone mo pading kana mo

motshamekong. [4]
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3. Tlhalosa ka botlalo se o se tlhaloganyang fa go buiwa ka go amanya molaetsa le botshelo. O

itlatse ka dikai tse di maleba di ka nna tharo. [6]
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4. Mo molatseng wa padi kana motshameko go le gantsi o a bo o itebagantse le moanelwa kana

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JC: Setswana Mothama 7

baanelwa bafe? [2]

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Matshwao otlhe [15]

Itshwaele
O tshwere bokae?

Fa o tshwere kwa tlase ga 70 % kana go feta o ka tswelela le thuto e e latelang mme fa o

tshwere kwa tlase ga 70% tsweetswee boelela thuto e go fitlhelela o e tlhaloganya o bo o
e fenya.

52 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Thuto 5
Poko

i Tshedimoso
Moithuti, re ntse re lebeletse dintlha tsa botlhokwa tsa go sekaseka padi kana motshameko,
jaanong re boa gape re lebelela dintlha tsa botlhokwa tsa go sekaseka tlhamo ya bokwadi mme
fa e itebagantse le poko. Mo pokong re tla bo re itebagantse le tlhaloso ya poko, molaetsa wa
leboko gammogo le maikutlo a mmoki.

Moithuti, poko e a ratega ka e na le puo e e monate, e e nonneng, se sengwe se se e dirang

gore e nne le kgogedi e kanakana kgotsa ke ka re e ngoke bareetsi ke dikapuo tse di dirisiwang
mo go yone. Tota fa re bua ka dikapuo tsa poko re bua ka puo e e bofitlha e e dirisiwang ke
mmoki. Puo e e bofitlha e, e dirisiwa jaaka mekgabisa mo pokong, mme fela jaaka o itse gore
go kgabisa mo go feteletseng go felela go sa kgatlhe, dikapuo le tsone ga di dirisiwe phetelela
mo lebokong ka le ka tloga la sulafalela bareetsi. Jalo he! O tshwanetse wa di dirisa ka go di
latlhela fale le fale fela.

Jaanong moithuti a re lebelele maikaelelo a thuto e.

Maikaelelo a thuto e
Kwa bokhutlong jwa thuto e, o tshwanetse go kgona go:
• tlhalosa gore poko ke eng
• senola molaetsa wa leboko
• senola maikutlo a mmoki
• supa dikapuo tse di dirisitsweng mo lebokong
• senola matshwao a poko a a dirisitsweng mo lebokong
• tlhama leboko o itebagantse le dikgang tse di tlhagogang di ama setshaba.

Diteng
1.0 Poko ke eng? 54
2.0 Molaetsa wa leboko 55
3.0 Maikutlo a mmoki 58
4.0 Dikapuo le mekgabisa ya maboko 59
Tshoboko 66
A re ikgakolole 5 67

53 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

1.0 Poko ke eng

Lefoko poko le tswa mo lediring boka. Go boka go tewa go rorisa, go reta, go galaletsa, go
kgala le gone go tlhagisa tota. Se se dirwa ka puo e e faphegileng, e seng e re e tlwaetseng ya
letsatsi le letsatsi, ke puo e e bofitlha e bile e na le molodi. Batho ba ba bokang ba na le bokgoni,
maitemogelo le tlhalefo ya tiriso ya puo, ke sone se puo e e ratiwang thata ke bareetsi.

Go ya ka mokwadi Rre Mogapi, Poko ke tiriso ya puo ka tsela e e faphegileng, e e senolang

boleng le bogonego jwa dikakanyo, dikeletso, dikgatlhego le dipatikego tsa setšhaba kgotsa
morafe, (Mogapi, 2001:..).

Go ya ka tlhaloso e moithuti o tla lemoga gore mmoki fa a boka o a bo a na le maikutlo mangwe

a batlang go a ntsha ka ga sengwe mme o dira jalo ka tsela e e faphegileng e, e e sa kgopiseng
ope, e bong ya go boka. Se se raya gore mmoki o ka boka sengwe le sengwe se se amileng
maikutlo a gagwe ka sebelebele kana a boke dilo fela tse di amang morafe ka kakaretso.

Dilo tse e ka tswa e le tse di kgatlhang, tse di itumedisang ka jalo a di rorisa kana a galaletsa.
Mo gongwe e ka nna tse di fatlhang mme ka leitlho le le tebelopele mmoki a bone gore ga di
tsamae sentle golo gongwe mme ka go boka a ntshe ka tlhaa, a kgala kana a tlhagisa ka dilo tse
di fatlhang tse.

Jaanong tota gone mo pokong re lebelela eng thata? A re lebelele dintlha tsa botlhokwa tse o
tshwanelwang ke go di itse fa o bala leboko.

1.1 Dintlha tsa botlhokwa tsa poko

O tshwanetse go tlhaloganya thata moithuti gore thuto e ya poko kana leboko e a tlhatlhobelwa,
ka jalo o tshwanetse go itse fa go na le dintlha tse di elwang tlhoko fela thata, tse le wena o
tshwanetseng go di itse thata gore o tle o se ka wa nna le bothata le go sekaseka leboko fa o le
neetswe. Dintlha tse re tla di tlhalosa ka bongwe ka bongwe jwa tsone.

(a) Setlhogo/ Sebokiwa

Sebokiwa ke eng?
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Kwa tshimologong ke ne ka tlhalosa gore mmoki fa a simolola a boka go a bo go na le se a batlang

go bua ka sone. Sone se mmoki a tla a bong a bua ka sone kana a ntsha maikutlo a gagwe ka sone
ke sone sebokiwa kana ke ka re ke sone setlhogo sa leboko la gagwe, ka ke sone se a buang ka
sone. Setlhogo sa leboko ke sone se se re fang lesedi la se mmoki a tla a bong a bua ka ga sone.
O tla fitlhela ka nako tse dintsi se kwadilwe kwa godimo ga leboko ka mokwalo o o bonalang.

54 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Sekai

Ngwana wa Seganana

Morwa Oneeile wa re o a bo o reng?

O a bo o reng o tsentse bagolo lesukasuka?
Makuku a naka tsa nare Onneile o eme ka kotelo,
O eme ka kotele a go kotela bo o namamne ya mokaragana,
Ka e le yone e karaganyang ka e a bo e nonofile.

Wa re re go reng morwa Gontse?

Kana o se dirang matlhabisa ditlhong
Matlhabisa ditlhong e le ruri le ntsa e ka se bogola
Wala wala tsatsi lotlhe ke wa eng?
Go tsogile kgaruru, o garurula mogolole tsatsi le penne.

‘Ke rate o se dirang mosimane wetsho,

O se dirang se fatlha le ‘itlho la moeng,
Nna ke tla bua fela, kana tota o sega tsebe,
O kgomo ya poo, o leradu, o tlhaga matlhaku masigo,
O intshitse seganana, o ganana le dikgakololo.

O ipona o le monna, o nonofile tswaa ka kgoro,

Tswela kgaitsadiake ka kgoro, a tla a bone boroko,
A tle a bone boroko a ise a tlewe ka malwetsi a madi a matona,
Se nkganang se nthole morwalo, o tla itlhoboga,
Se nkganang se nthola morwalo, bagologolo ba a bo ba buile nnete.

Gaabo boi ga go lelwa motlogolo,

Go rena kagiso, thithibalo, le lorato.
A bagale mabitla a kala matlho fatsheng lotlhe,
A bagale mabitla a kala matlho, ka ba bo re ke bagale,
Bagale ba fedile, se intshe seganana, ino le motlhagare o le motho.

(Boingotlo Moses, Puo ya ga mme kopelo, unpublished poetry book)

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JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Tiro ya gago 1
Tsaya metsotso e meraro go dira tiro e

a. Leboko le o sa tswang go le bala leo o ka re sebokiwa ke eng?

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b. Golo fa a mmoki o a kgala kana o a galaletsa? Nonotsha karabo ya gago ka

mabaka a le mabedi.
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Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 1

a. Sebokiwa fa ke ngwana wa seganana (ke gore yo o sa utlweng batsadi).

b. Mmoki o a kgala. O kgala botlhoka tsebe jwa ngwana yo wa ga kgaitsadie, ka re utlwa

a mmitsa kgomo ya mokaragana. A re o lala a tsamaya masigo, o ntshitse lwapa lwa ga
mogolowe legora ka go phakela a tlolela ka mabotana masigo.

Ke one ao moithuti. Golo fa mmoki o a kgalema. O leka go kgalema ngwana wa kgaitsadie,

e le go mmontsha gore se a se dirang ga se sone, a emise go intsha tlhogonkope a ise a tsenye
batsadi malwetsi a pelo, kana a tswe ka lolwapa batlaa sala ba itlhobogile.

Jaanong kana ga se go reta fela kana gone go kgala, go a bo go ntse go na le nngwe thuto e
mmoki a batlang go e kgaogana le rona moithuti.

2.0 Molaetsa wa leboko

Molaetsa ke ntlha ya botlhokwa e mmoki a batlang go e neela bareetsi ba gagwe. Mmoki o ka
boka sengwe ka mabaka a gore o batla go tsibosa kana go tlhagisa bareetsi ka ga borai kana
bomolemo jwa sone kana a kgala, kana a se tlotlomatsa ka tsela nngwe. Tota re ka re mmoki o
boka ka go bo go na le sengwe se se mo gwetlhang go dira jalo. Ka e le motho yo o leitlho le
bonelang kwa teng fa a lemogile sengwe se ba bangwe ba sa se lemogeng o dirisa leboko go
ba lemotsha ntlha ya go nna jalo. Se e a bo e le molaetsa kana thuto e mmoki a batlang babadi
ba leboko la gagwe ba e anywa.

Go na le ditsela di le mmalwa tse mmoki a ka di dirisang go senola molaetsa wa leboko tse

tota o tshwanetseng go di ela tlhoko thata gore o kgone go lemoga molaetsa wa leboko le o le

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filweng. Tsone ke tse di latelang:

• Setlhogo sa leboko
• Tiriso ya mafoko mangwe
• Maikutlo a mmoki

A re di tseye ka bongwe ka bongwe dintlha tse re di atolose.

2.1 Setlhogo sa Leboko

Setlhogo sa leboko ke sone se se supang gore leboko le bua ka ga eng, ka jalo re ka re se re fa
molaetsa wa leboko.
Fa re tsaya leboko la rona la Ngwana wa Seganana, se re sedimosetsa gore mmoki o supa fa
bana ba diganana, ba bas a robatseng batsadi ba le dingalo. Ba opisa ditlhogo, ke ka moo a re
ng ngwana yo a lese go bakela batsadi malwetsi a pelo.

2.2 Tiriso ya mafoko mangwe

Go na le mafoko a mmoki a nnang a a dirisa ka go a boeletsa gangwe le gape. O dira jalo e le
tsela ya go senola molaetsa wa leboko la gagwe. Mafoko a boelediwa jaana e le go gatelela
bokao jwa se se bokiwang, e leng molaetsa.

1.A re tseye sekai sele sa rona sa; Ngwana wa seganana.

Re na le mafoko a go tshwana le a:

2.Kana o se dirang matlhabisa ditlhong

Matlhabisa ditlhong e le ruri le ntsa e ka se bogola

3.Ke rate o se dirang mosimane watsho,

O se dirang se fatlha le ‘itlho la moeng,

4.A bagale mabitla a kala matlho fatsheng lotlhe,

A bagale mabitla a kala matlho, ka ba bo re ke bagale,
Bagale ba fedile, se intshe seganana, ino le motlhagare o le motho.

Mafoko a moithuti a rwele bokao jwa se mokwadi a buang ka sone. A rwele thuto e mokwadi
a lekang go re e senolela. Molaetsa o a itshupa mo mafokong, ngwana fa a le seganan o sega
tsebe, se a se dirang ke ,atlhabisa ditlhong, matlhabisa ditlhong a le ntsa tota e ka se se bogole.
Fa ngwana a itaola ke nnete ditiro tsa gagwe di ka fatlha le baeng tota, ka e le tsone matlhabisa
ditlhong. Mmoki o tlhagisa bana ba ba sa utlweng gore batho ba ba ithayang ba re gab a boi, ba
a swa. A re, “bagale ba fedile, se intshe seganana, ‘ino la motlhagare”.

3.3 Maikutlo a mmoki

Maikutlo a mmoki le one a ka senola molaetsa wa leboko. Fa mmoki a dirisa mafoko a a bogale
a a kgalang kana a go sotla gongwe a dirise a a bonolo, a a supang lorato le boitumelo. Maikutlo
a go nna jaana a na le go ka senola molaetsa.

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3.0 Maikutlo a mmoki

Maikutlo a mmoki go a bo go tewa seemo se mmoki a buang a le mo go sone fa a boka. Mmoki
o ka boka a itumetse kana a utlwile botlhoko. Re ka lemoga gore maikutlo a mmoki ke a ntseng
jang re lebeletse tiriso ya mafoko a gagwe. Mafoko a go kgala, a a sotlang a supa kutlobotlhoko
mme fa e le a go reta, a kgalaletso a supa boitumelo.
Mmoki fa o mo lebeletse a boka maikutlo a gagwe o ka a supa ka tebego ya sefatlhogo. Fa
nyenya, a feta a tlolatlola go raya gore maikutlo a gagwe e a bo e le a boitumelo, a rata se a se
bokang mme fa a sosobanya sefatlhogo kana go sena monyenyo o ka tswa a kgala, mme ka go
rialo go raya gore maikutlo ke a kutlobotlhoko.

A re tseye sekai ka leboko la rona la ngwana wa seganana.

Mo lebokong le mmoki o a kgala, ka go rialo re ka re maikutlo a mmoki ke a a ntseng jang.
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Ke boammaruri fa o rile maikutlo a mmoki fa ke a kutlobotloko. Ga a rate boitshwaro

jwa motlogolo wa gagwe, ka jalo o a bo kgala, ebile o a kgalema, gore ka mafoko a
a buang motlogolo wa gagwe a boela ka morago boitaolo jo a bo dirang.

Tiro ya gago 2
Tsaya metsotso e le meraro go dira tiro e

Inola mafoko kana diele di ka nna tlhano go tswa mo lebokong le la ngwana wa

seganana a a go supegetsang gore e le ruri golo fa mmoki o boka ka maikutlo a a
kutlobotlhoko. O bo o tlhalose gore ke eng o re a supa maikutlo a kutlobotlhoko.
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Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 2

Mafoko le diele/dielana go tswa mo lebokong la ngwana wa seganan ke a:

Wa re re go reng morwa Gontse?

Kana o se dirang matlhabisa ditlhong

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Matlhabisa ditlhong e le ruri le ntša e ka se bogola.

Potso e, “wa re re go reng morwa Gontse” e supa fa tota maitshwaro a ngwana yo
a sa itumedise. Mmoki o gatelela se ka gore “se o se dirang matlhabisa ditlhong
ruri mo le ntsa e ka se bogolang”. Mo le ntša tota e ka se bogolang ke sekapuo sa
pheteletso go supa fa ngwana yo a gagogile le go feta, mme ka jalo mmoki a kgala
se.
• ‘Ke rate o se dirang mosimane watsho,

• O se dirang se fatlha le ‘itlho la moeng,

• Nna ke tla bua fela, kana tota o sega tsebe,

• O kgomo ya poo, o leradu, o tlhaga matlhaku masigo,

• O intshitse seganana, o ganana le dikgakololo.

Temana e yotlhe e supa fa mmoki a sa rate boitshwaro jwa ngwana yo. A re bo fatlha leitlho
e le ruri. A re ngwana yo ke kgomo ya poo, o tlhaga matlhaku masigo, ke seganana o
ganana le dikgakololo.

Seo e ne e le maikutlo a mmoki moithuti.

Ela tlhoko.
Maikutlo a mmoki a ka senola molaetsa wa leboko. Mme fa go twe o a supe o tshwanelwa ke
go inola dikai tsa mafoko, le dikapuo kana mekgabisa e e go senolelamg maikutlo ao, mme o
di tlhalose ka botlalo,

Jaanong a re tsene mo go e nngwe gape karolo ya poko mme yone e le dikapuo le tiriso ya tsone.

4.0 Dikapuo le mekgabisa ya maboko

Jaaka ke setse ke go ngathetse go se kae ka dikapuo, dikapuo ke puo e e bofitlha e e dirisiwang

mo lebokong. Ke mafoko a a nang le bokao jo bo iphitlhileng jo bo seng mo mpepeneneng.
O tshwanetse wa akanya mo go tseneletseng gore fa mmoki a rialo o raya eng, ke sone se go
tweng ke puo e e bofitlha ka ga e tlhaloganngwe motlhofo.

Jaanong a re di tseye ka bongwe ka bongwe re ditlhalose.

4.1 Mefuta ya dikapuo

(a) Tshwantshanyo (simile)

Ke sekapuo se mo go sone go tshwantshanngwang dilo go lebilwe mekgwa le dipopego tsa

tsone. Fa go dirwa jalo go dirisiwa makopanyi a matshwantshi e leng: /jaaka/, /e kete/, /o kare/
gammogo le mabopi /se/ le /seka/.

A re fe dikai:

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• Mpho o tlhapa ka mathe jaaka katse

•
• Bo bosweu e kete sefokabolea
• Bana ba gagwe ba babedi o kare mae a lephoi
•
• O tsamaya sekgarebe
•
• Pelo ya gagwe e itaya seka moropa wa masupatsela

Mo lebokong la rona la ngwana wa seganana, sekapuo se, se supagala mo temaneng ya

ntlha fa mmoki a re, “o eme ka kotele a go kotela boo namane ya mokaragana”.Golo fa go
tshwantshanngwa ngwana yo le namane ya mokaragana ka ke yone e ka tsamayang le naga e
yotlhe o sa itse gore ga twe e batla eng.

(b) Tshwantshiso (metaphor)

Tshwantshiso yone ke fa o tshwantshanya dilo o lebile mekgwa ya tsone. O tla fitlhela e le

gore dilo tse di tshwantshiwang tse gotlhelele ga di tshwane ka tlholego. Mo tshwantshisong
go dirisiwa lebopi /ke/ kana o ka bitsa selo kana motho ka selo sengwe, o lebeletse boitshwaro
jwa gagwe le jwa se a bidiwang ka sone.

• A re tswe ka dikai jaanong:

•
• Monna ke thotse o a nama
•
• Mosadi ke galase
•
• Ngwana yo ke sethunya

Ela tlhoko: Tshwantshiso e ka dirisiwa gape kwa ntle ga go dirisa lebopi le re le boletseng e
bong /ke/.

A re lebelele dikai tsa teng gore tsone di nna jang.

• Monna selepe o a adimanwa

•
• Mosadi noga
•
• Monna ntsa

Ke tsaya gore o a bona gore go ne go tshwantshiwa dilo mme go dirisiwa lebopi /Ke/.

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Tiro ya gago 3
Dira tiro e mo metsotsong e metlhano

Sekaseka leboko la rona la ngwana wa seganana mme o senmole dikai tsa

tshwantshiso mo go lone. O bo o tlhalosa gore di supa eng.
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Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 3

Sekapuo sa tshwantshiso se sedimoga mo temaneng ya boraro fa mmoki a bitsa ngwana yo

kgomo ya poo, le ya leradu.

A re, “o kgomo ya poo, o leradu, o tlhaga matlhaku masigo”.

Poo kana ke kgomo e e nnang mo nageng ka e a bo e batla tse di namagadi. Kgomo ya

leradu ka le yone e le kgomo e e sa tswang go tsala e ka tlhaga matlhaku e batla namane
ya yone. Ngwana yo go lebega go sasankega ga gagwe go tshwana le ga dikgomo tse. O
lala a tlola magora a etsa kgomo ya leradu.

(c) Mothofatso (personification)

Tiro ya gago 4
Dira tiro e mo metsotsong e metlhano

Pele ga re ka tlhalosa mothofatso gore ke eng, dira tiro e e latelang:

a) Phiri o rile ke lobelo marota a re ke namile

b) Thotse e namile
c) Leuba le tswetse lesaka

Fa o lebeletse diele tse o lemogang ka tsone.

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Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 4

Ke solofela fa o rile mo dikaing tse, phiri, thotse le leuba go buiwa ka tsone jaaka o kare go
buiwa ka batho. Re a itse gore phiri ga e kake ya bua, thotse yone ga e na maoto a e ka a
namang fa leuba lone le se na mabogo a le ka a dirisang go tswala lesaka.

Jaanong re ka re mothofatso ke fa o tsaya selo se e seng motho o se baya mo maemong a setho,

ke gore o se dirisa ditiro tse o itseng di ka dirwa ke motho fela e seng sepe gape. Dilo tsa go
nna jalo o tla fitlhela maina a tsone a kwalwa a simololwa ka tlhaka kgolo.

A re lebelele sekai se:

Noga mmona dilo

A nna wa mmona dilo, morwa motho ga a ntebele,
Ga a ntebele a mponang ke keteka ka dikwata,
Ke le bonolo, ke le borethe jaana,
Ba re o se bone tholwana borethe teng ga yone go a baba,
Selo se leferefere, lenweenwee, nkgataketlhaname wa bofelo.

Ke re ke lelemela mosimeng gore a se mpone,

Ke tla utlwa ka metsi a a molelo o nkapola letlalo,
Diatla tsa me ditshweu ga ke itse go rumolana,
Morwa motho ene fa a mopna fela o bona sera,
O bona sera sa go lobelwa dintshi.

Mmopi tlhe nkinela diatla metsing,

Bana ba batho melato ba a e dira ba itshwarelwe,
Nna noga ke dirileng ke sa se itshwarelweng,
Ke raetse Efa ‘ke gane, mme kana ‘tlhaa lo tshwana le lone kgogedi,
Kgogedi kana le nna ke na le keletso tsa setshedi.

Morwadia motho rapela mogatso, a se ntshile se bogobe,

Mmontshe ‘rato lwa sesadi, kana lorato ke mokakatlela,
Ke mokakatlela lorato lo nametsa pelo e tutetse,
Monna wa gago o ka mo fa monyenyo gongwe le nna o ka ntebela,
Gongwe le nna o ka ntebela a bone ke na le tshwanelo ya botshelo.

Le wena lesa go nkokotela ka thobane o mmpona,

Le wena lesa go nkokotela ka thobane re kile ra nna ditsala,
Ditsala di a dibana, lesa go nna bohula go nna
Lesa go nna bohula go nna balekane ba a sireletsana,
Gopola tshimo ya Edena o tla bona dintlenyane tsa rona.
(Boingotlo Moses, Puo ya ga mme kopelo, unpublished poetry book)

Golo fa moithuti noga e a ikuela. Mmoki o e file matshwao a setho gore e ntshe ka tlhaa, e ikuele
mo go mmopi gore a e intshwarele motho o a e sotla, o a e bolaya.
A re e bitswa leferefere, lenweenwee, nkgataketlhaname. Boitshwaro jo ke jwa setho, jo bo
amanngwang le batho, mme ke joo bo neelwa noga. Noga ke segagabi mme fa e mothofaditswe.
Fela jaaka otho ya re ena le ditshwanelo, nngwe ya ditshwanelo tse key a ga tshela. Ya re fela
jaaka motho le yone e na le dikeletso.

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(d) Pheteletso

Se ke sekapuo se mo go sone go buiwang selo ka go se godisa go feta selekanyo kana mo go

feteletseng.

A re tseye sekai go tswa mo lebokong la ngwana wa seganana.

Mmoki mo setlheng sa ntlha le sa boraro a re:

1.Kana o se dirang matlhabisa ditlhong

Matlhabisa ditlhong e le ruri le ntìa e ka se bogola

2.‘Ke rate o se dirang mosimane wetsho,

O se dirang se fatlha le ‘itlho la moeng,

Golo fa moithuti ngwana yo mmoki a re ke seganana, ga a utlwe batsadi. Mme fa o dirisitse

sekapuo sa pheteletso go leka go supa fa tota tse a di dirang le ntìa tota e ka se di emele, a re
le moeng o ka fatlhega. Tota sekapuo se se a bo se leka go sedimosa gore se se diragalang se
diaragala ka mo e seng gone, se tatile.

Go na le diane kana puo ya Setswana ka kakaretso e sekapuo se se ka senogang mo go yone.

Nngwe ya tsone e akaretsa tse:

• Ngwana yo ga je o a olela. - (o ja thata)

• Ga ke a lapa ke sule - (o lapile thata)
• Bontsi jwa bone bo thiba letsatsi - (ba bantsintsi)

(e) Kobiso (irony)

Sone ke sekapuo se mo go sone go bapisediwang bokao, ke gore o a bo o dirisa mafoko a

a kgatlhanong le se o se rayang. Ke ka re ke tsela ya go bua boammaaruri ka tsela e e sa
tlhamalalang.

A re tseye dikai:

• Hee! Ngwana wa gago o montle jang? (o raya gore o maswe)

• Ka re koloi ya gago e a siana tsala ya me (ke raya gore e iketlile)
Mosadi wa teng o motelele tota (o raya gore o mokhutshwane thata)

Mo lebokong la rona la noga mmonna dilo, noga no temananeg ya ntlha ya re ke le bonolo … A

noga ke selo se se bonolo. Ga ke dumele, noga ke selo se se borai, se se ka go thsoganyetsang
mme ya re o leka go suta go se nene fela e bo e ka go loma e ithaya e re o a e lwantsha. Ka jalo
fa ke kobiso, ka gore ga e bonolo, e borai.

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(f) Tshotlo (sarcasm)

Lefoko le ‘tshotlo’, le tswa mo lediring ‘sotla’. Go raya gore o a bo o bua selo ka go se sotla,
o se nyefola kana ka lenyatso.

Sekai
O a bo a tsile mmabosetlha a tsile go re phuruphutsha boo rona re na le madi.
Mafoko a a supa tshotlo, kana fa go twe mmabosetlha go tewa gore motho yo o diilang, yo o
sotlegang, a sena sone se a ka se inayang.

Tiro ya gago 5
Tsaya metsotso e le meraro go dira tiro e

Mo ditselaneng tse di latelang, fa dikai tse dingwe tse o di itseng tse di supang
tshotlo.
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Dikarabo tsa tiro ya gago 5

Buisanang mo ditlhopeng tse lo ithutang ka tsone mme lo thusaneng.

Dikai dingwe e ka nna:

• Lekgwatlha le a ikapeela

• Mafetwa ga ba itse go tlhokomela monna

• Dikhutsana di jetse ruri di fetsa dijo

• Mmamosetsana moopana o ka itse go tlhokomela bana tota.

• Makgarebe a itse gone go tlhapa fela ga ba ke ba nna le madi.

O ka bona fela moithuti gore mmoki golo fa o bua monna ka mafoko a go sotla. O supa fa monna
a ka se kgone go itirela sepe fa a se na mosadi ka mosadi ke ene motlhokomedi wa gagwe.

4.2 Mekgabisa ya leboko

Mmoki o ka kgabisa maboko a gagwe gore a kgatlhise a nne le molotsana wa pina. Mo e ka

reng le wena o le mmadi o bala leboko la go nna jalo kana o mo reeditse a boka o je monate
fela thata, mo o ka utlwang megolokwane e lela. Mekgabisa e, e akaretsa:

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(a) Poeletso-mafoko (verbal alliteration)

Poeletso mafoko ke mokgabisa o mo go one go boelediwang lefoko gantsi mo moleng o le

mongwe kana mo meleng e e tlhomaganang.

Sekai

Mo lebokong la ngwana wa seganana, temana ya bobedi mmoki a re, “go tsogile kgaruru, o
garurula mogolole tsatsi le penne.” Go boeleditswe mafoko kana medumo ‘kgaruru’, garurula’.

(b) Kgokagano (linking)

Ke mokgabisa o e leng gore mo go one o tla fitlhela lefoko kana mafoko a a wetsang mola o o
fa godimo e le one a simololang mola o o latelang.

A re boe re tseye sekai e ntse e le mo lebokong la “Noga mmona dilo”.

Morwa motho ene fa a mpona fela o bona sera,

O bona sera sa go lobelwa dintshi.

Ke raetse Efa ‘ke gane, mme kana ‘tlhaa lo tshwana le lone kgogedi,
Kgogedi kana le nna ke na le keletso tsa setshedi.

O tla lemoga sentle moithuti gore mafoko a a tsamaya jang. A a wetsang mola ke one gape a
simololang o o latelang. Go dira jaana ke go supa botsipa jwa go itse go tshameka ka mafoko
ga mmoki e le tsela ya go natefisa leboko la gagwe.

(c) Tepatepano (Parallelism)

Fa o tla fitlhela mafoko a a simololang mola wa ntlha e le one a a simololang mola wa bobedi
kana o fitlhela mafoko a a lebaganeng a tshwana ka bokao jwa one e seng ka popego ya one.

A re tseye kinolo go tswa mo lebokong la Noga Mmona Dilo:

Le wena lesa go go nkotela ka thobane o mpona,

Le wena lesa go nkotela ka thobane re kile ra nna ditsala,
Ditsala di a dibana, lesa go nna bohula go nna
Lesa go nna bohula go nna bankane ba sireletsana,
Gopola tshimo ya Edena o tla bona dintlenyane tsa rona.

Mafoko a a simololang temana e a lepalepana le a a simololang ya bobedi, a a tshwana. A a

feleltsang seele sa boraro a simolola ya bone. Seele sa boraro le sa bone megopolo foo le yone
e a tshwana ditsala ke bankane, go dibana mo go ntse go raya gone go sireletsana.

Se sengwe ke se sekai se supa tepatepano ya bokao go tswa mo bukeng ya “Ditswaganong tsa

Borre”, leboko ka ga Basadi ba seìa, ka R.M.T Makgeng, tsebe 20.

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Basadi ba seša nna ga ke ba beye sebete

Basadi ba seša nna ke a ba ila ruri
Ke ba ila lebekebeke basadi leina
Phate ba di alelwang lefela la lefela.

Bosadi ga se letlhaa go phatsima

Ga se ‘tlhaa go phatsima nna ke a gana
Mosadi tshwene o jewa mabogo
Mosadi o phatsimang a tla jewa eng?

O tla bona gore bokao jwa diele tse di mo temaneng ya bobedi tse bo a tshwana. Mafoko a bokao
e le gone fela gore mosadi ga a nyalelwe bontle jwa go phatsima sefatlhogo mme o nyalelwa
ditiro tsa gagwe tse dintle.

A ko re di garele.

Tshoboko
Jaanong moithuti go garela thuto e, o tla lemoga gore re sa tswa go ithuta ka se poko e leng
sone. Re bone ka fa bakwadi ba bantsi ba tlhalosa poko ka gore:
ke mokgwa wa go reta, go galaletsa kana go kgala.

Re ithutile ka molaetsa wa leboko. Ra supa gore tota fa mmoki a simolola a boka go a bo go na le se se

mo gwetlhang gore a boke, se e le molaetsa o tota a batlang go o kgaogana le bareetsi ba gagwe.

Maikutlo mo go bokeng re supile fa e ka nna a kutlobotlhoko kana a boitumelo. Maikutlo a ka lemotshega

a mafoko a kgalo, a go sotla kana a kgalefo le kgalemo fa maikutlo a boitumelo a ka supagala ka mafoko
a go galaletsa, go rorisa le go godisa.

O lemogile gape gore mmoki o ka ntsha molaetsa wa leboko ka ditsela tse di farologaneng jaaka:

• go dirisa setlhogo

• tiriso ya mafoko mangwe

• maikutlo a mmoki ka sebele

Mo thutong e gape moithuti re sa tswa go ithuta ka dikapuo tse di dirisiwang mo lebokong. Ke tlhalositse
fa dingwe tsa tsone e le mekgabisa go natefisa kana go latlhela lenko le le monate mo pokong gore e
tle e rokotse bareetsi mathe. Jaaka re tlhalositse mo thutong e e fetileng gore poko ke tsela ya go kgala,
go galaletsa le go tlhagisa, dikapuo tse di dirisiwa mo go one mabaka a go nna jaana. Re amile dikapuo
tse di latelang:

• Tshwantshanyo - o tshwantshanya dilo go lebilwe mekgwa le dipopego tsa tsone. E supagala

ka tiriso ya makopanyi a matshwantshi: /jaaka/, /e kete/, /o kare/ gammogo le mabopi /se/ le /
seka/.

• Tshwantshiso - o tshwantshanya dilo o lebile mekgwa ya tsone. Mo tshwantshisong go

dirisiwa lebopi /ke/. o ka bitsa selo kana motho ka selo sengwe, o lebeletse boitshwaro jwa
gagwe le jwa se a bidiwang ka sone.

• Mothofatso - o tsaya selo se e seng motho o se baya mo maemong a setho, ke gore o se dirisa
ditiro tse o itseng di ka dirwa ke motho fela e seng sepe gape le go se fa matshwao otlhe a
setho.

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• Pheteletso – mo go buiwang selo ka go se godisa go feta selekanyo kana mo go feteletseng.

• Kobiso - go bapisetsa bokao, ke gore o a bo o dirisa mafoko a a kgatlhanong le se o se rayang.

• Tshotlo - o a bo o bua selo ka go se sotla, o se nyenyola kana ka lenyatso.

• Mekgabisa
• poeletso-modumo
• poeletso-mafoko
• tepatepano le
• Kgokagano.

Moithuti, o tshwanetse gore o itse dikapuo tse gore le wena o kgone go di dirisa fa o itlhamela
maboko a gago.

A re Ikgakolole 5
Tsaya metsotso e le masome mararo go araba dipotso tse.

1. Poko ke eng? [2]

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2. Tlhalosa dintlha tse di latelang tsa poko.

(a) Sebokiwa [2]

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(b) Molaetsa wa leboko [2]

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(c) Maikutlo a mmoki [2]

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3. Bolela mefuta e le mebedi ya mefuta ya maikutlo a mmoki. [2]

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4. Bolela ditsela di le tharo tse mmoki a ka di dirisang go senola molaetsa wa leboko la

gagwe. [3]
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5. Tlhalosa dikapuo tse di latelang, o bo o fa sekai gongwe le gongwe.

(a) Mothofatso [3]

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(b) Tshwantshanyo [3]

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(c) Tshwantshiso [3]

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6. Bolela gore dikai tse di latelang ke tsa dikapuo di fe.

(a) O letshwenyo jaaka tsitsiri. [1]

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(b) Mosimane yo, o gata sesole. [1]

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(c) Moriri wa gago o phatsima jang! [1]

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(d) Mosadi phafana o a adimanwa. [1]

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3. Dirisa dikapuo se mo seeleng.

(a) Tshotlo [2]

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(b) Kobiso [2]

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Matshwao otlhe (30)

Itshwaele

O tshwere bokae?

Fa o tshwere kwa tlase ga 70 % kana go feta o ka tswelela le thuto e e latelang mme fa o

tshwere kwa tlase ga 70% tsweetswee boelela thuto e go fitlhelela o e tlhaloganya o bo o
e fenya.

69 ©2018 BOU
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Dikarabo tsa A re Ikgakolole

A re Ikgakolole 1 Matshwao [20]

1. Motho le tikologo [1]

2. E similogile fa Motsamai a se na go folosa batho mo bolaong ba robetse a bo a bo utswa.

[2]
3. E tswelela ka gonne a lalela bomme a ba phamolela dibeke. Nako e nngwe a phamola
beke ya mme mongwe kwa mapagamelong a dibese mme a felela a betswa ke batho mo
ba neng ba mo gobatsa fela thata. [3]

4. E felela a sule ka ntlha ya dinteo tsa bogodu kwa mapagamelong a dibese. [2]

5.
• Motsamai o tlhorontsha morafe wa Gabane ka go ba utswela ditsabone

• Motsamai o folosa batho mo bolaong ba robetse a bo utswa

• Kgosi o bitsa phuthego go tla go bua le morafe ka serukhutlhi se

• Morafe o supa fa bogodu jo bo lekane mme ba ikanna selalome se

• Motsamai o lalela batho phakela mo ditseleng fa ba ya ditirong

• Kwa mapagamelong a dibase o phamolela mosadi mongwe beke a bo a sia

• O tshwarwa ke morafe o bo o mo keteka

• Ka bomadimabe o a tlhokafala. [8]

6. Setlhoa se fa a tlhokafalang teng. Ke gone kwa ditiragalo di welang teng mme e bile go
lebega dikarabo tsa mmadi di arabesega, segolola jang potso kgolo ya gore tota ga twe
selalome se se ya go felela kae ka go tlhorontsha batho, segolo jang bomme? Selalome se
neela mowa mme mokwadi o supa fa morafe wag a Malete o tla a robalelwa ke ditlhokwa.
[2]
7. Motsamai o ketekwa ke morafe kwa mapagamelong a dibase. [2]

A re Ikgakolole 2 Matshwao [16]

1. Baanelwa kana batshameki go tewa badiragatsi ba ditiragalo tsa padi kana motshameko.
Ke batho ba maitlhomo kana ba ba itlhametsweng ke mokwaid go diragatsa ditiragalo
tsa palo ya gagwe. [2]

2. Moanelwamogolo/motshamekimogolo ke ene tshosoerweleng wa ditiragalo. Ke ene yo

o le mmadi o lebeletseng botshelo jwa gagwe ka gonne ditiaragalo di ikaegile ka jone
thata, o a di dira, oa di diragatsa kana di diragala ka ntlha ya gagwe. Ke moanelwa yo
kgotlhangkgolo ya padi/motshameko e ikaegileng ka ene. [2]

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3. Baanelwa ba ba botlhokwa ke baanelwa ba ba dirang gore moanelwa/motshamekimogolo

a kgone kana a palelwe ke go diragatsa maikaelelo a gagwe. Ba rotloetsa moanelwamogolo
go tsaya ditshwetso tse di rileng tebang le botshelo jwa gagwe. [2]
4. Mokwadi o ka dirisa ditsela tse di latelang go senola botho kana boitshwaro jwa
moanelwa:
(a) O ka dirisa moanelwa ka boene e nne ene a ipolelang gore ke motho yo o ntseng
jang, a bua ka molomo wa gagwe ene.
(b) O ka dirisa maina a baanelwa ba gagwe, sekai o ka bitsa moanelwa Lorato mme a
bo a nna lorato mo go ba bangwe.
(c) Ditiragalo tsa padi ka botsone di ka supa gore moanelwa o ntse jang, ke gore
tse a di dirang di ka supa gore ke motho yo o ntseng jang.
(d) O ka dirisa baanelwa o lebeletse ka fa ba dirisanang ka teng, ba ka supa letlhoo
mo go yo mongwe ka ntlha ya boitshwaro jwa gagwe kana ya nna bone ba buang
ka tlhamalalo gore o ntse jang. [8]

A re Ikgakolole 3 Matshwao [25]

1. Mefuta ya dipaka tsa ditiragalo:

(a) Paka ya segologolo - ke paka e mo go yone o tla fitlhelang batho ba tshela botshelo
jwa segologolo, ba ikaegile ka temo-thuo e bile ba dumela mo badimong le mo go
bo-reaitse. [3]

(b) Paka ya diphetogo - ke paka e mo go yone o tla fitlhelang motswako wa dilo tsa
segologolo di kopane le tsa sesa. Ke gore batho ba tshela botshelo jwa maloba mme
go na le ba eleng gore bone ba inaakantse le jwa seša. [3]

(c) Paka ya seìa/segompieno - e ke paka ya botshelo jwa seìa jo bo sa kopanang le

bope gape. Megopolo le dikakanyo tsa baanelwa ke tsa sea. [3]

2. (a) Selegae/legae
Batho ba ba nnang mo lefelong le ba tshwanetse go tshela botshelo jwa segologolo
Boitshwaro jwa bone e nne jwa paka ya segologolo. [2]

(b) Motse-setoropo
Baanelwa ba tshela botshelo jwa diphetogo, bangwe ba tlogela segologolo ba
tsena mo seseng ka bonya ka bonya. [2]

(c) Toropo
Fa baanelwa ba itshelela botshelo jwa segompieno, botshelo jwa bone ka
kakaretso ke jwa seša, ke gore dijo, kapari le boitshwaro ke jwa segompieno. [2]

3. Dikai tse di supang gore paka ke ya diphetogo:

(a) Banni bangwe ba isa bana ba bone kwa go boreaitse fa ba lwala, fa ba bangwe bone

71 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

ba ya bongakeng jwa sekgoa.

(b) Bangwe ba tsena kwa dikholetšheng fa bangwe ba ya bojale le bogwera.
(c) Tumelo ke ya sekeresete e kopane le ya badimo [3]

4. Se se raya gore lefelo le tshwanetse la tsamaelana le paka e baanelwa ba tshela mo go

yone gammogo le boitshwaro jwa bone. Ke gore fa e le gore ke paka ya segologolo go
tshwanetse gore lefelo e nna la legae e bile baanelwa ba tshwanetse ba supa boitshwaro
jwa batho ba segologolo eseng jwa seša. [6]

A re Ikgakolole 4 Matshwao [15]

1. Ke thuto e o e ithutileng mo pading kana mo motshamekong.

Ke se mokwadi a batlang go se kgaogana le babadi ba padi ya gagwe [3]

2.

· Ka setlhogo sa padi

· Ka mafoko a a boeleditsweng kgapetsa-kgapetsa

· Ka ditiragalo tsa padi kana motshameko

· Ka moanelwa kana motshameki [4]

3. Ke go tshwantshanya molaetsa wa padi le se se diragalang mo botshelo jaaka o bo itse.

[6]
4. Molaetsa gole gantsi o itebaganya le moanelwa/motshameki mogolo. [2]

A re Ikgakolole 5 Matshwao [30]

1. Poko ke mokgwa wa go rorisa, go reta, go galaletsa, go kgala le go tlhagisa o dirisa puo e

e bofitlha go ntshetsa maikutlo a gago kwa ntle tebang le sengwe kana nngwe tiragalo e e
rileng.
[2]

2. (a) Sebokiwa ke se mmoki a tla a bong a bua ka ga sone kana a ntsha maikutlo a gagwe
ka sone. [2]

(b) Molaetsa wa leboko ke se mmoki a batlang go se abelana le bareetsi ba gagwe ka a s

e bona se le botlhokwa thata. [2]

(c) Maikutlo a mmoki ke seemo se mmoki a buang a le mo go sone ka nako ya fa a boka.

[2]

3. Mmoki o ka supa maikutlo a boitumelo kana a kutlobotlhoko [2]

72 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

4. Mmoki o ka senola molaetsa wa leboko ka:

(a) go dirisa setlhogo sa leboko

(b) O ka boeletsa mafoko kgapetsa-kgapetsa

(c) O ka supa ka molaetsa ka maikutlo a gagwe, a supa fa hutsafetse kana a itumetse.

[3]

5. a) Mothofatso - ke fa o tsaya selo se eseng motho o se fa maemo a setho, o se dirisa

ditiro tse o itseng di dirwa ke motho fela. [3]

Sekai: Thotse e namile

(b) Tshwantshanyo - ke fa o tshwantshanya dilo o dirisa makopanyi a matshwantshi

(jaaka, ekete, o kare) le mabopi /se/ le /seka/
Sekai: O bua sekgarebe mme ke mosimane. [3]

(c) Tshwantshiso - ke fa o tshwantshisa dilo o dirisa lebopi /ke/

Sekai: Ngwana yo ke nku fela. [3]

6. (a) Tshwantshanyo

(b) Tshwantshanyo

(c) Kobiso

(d) Tshwantshiso [4]

7.
(a) Bana ba gagwe ba rata modumo mme ga ba itse sepe.
(b) A bo bontle jwa gagwe mmangwannago gompieno bo bifile, le ngwana o ka lela fa
a ka mmona. [2]

73 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

Metlobo
Makgeng M.R.T, Ditswaganong tsa borre,.Artistic Value Studio Publishers
Mokibelo E. B. and Moses B. Ithute Setswana sa JC,Gaborone Pentagon Publishers.
Mokgachane, M. S. E bona mae.
Moses, B.. Puo ya ga mme kopelo – unpublished book
Mogapi,K. 1990. Tshekatsheko ya Poko ya Setswana. Gaborone: Maikatlapelo Publishers.
Otlaadisang, O. B. Mogale wa bagale.

74 ©2018 BOU
JC: Setswana Mothama 7

75 ©2018 BOU