Electric current and its effects
D: Answer in one word
1. The effect produced in a current carrying wire.
Heating effect
2. The principle on which the working of an electric bell depends
Magnetic effect of current
3. The effect of electric current which electric irons, room heaters
and water heaters used
Heating effect
4. An automatically operated electric switch that prevents and
electric circuit during an overload or short circuit
Miniature circuit breaker (MCB)
5. Combination of two or more cells
Battery
D II: Answer briefly
1.Draw a standard symbol of a bulb
2. Define electric fuse
A safety device which prevents excessive current from flowing in the
electric circuit.
3. State one factor on which the strength of an electromagnet depends.
Strength of an electromagnet depends upon the number of turns of wire
on a long iron rod.
E short answers
1. Define an electrical circuit
The unbroken path - through which an electric current flow- from source to
various components -attached is known as an electric current.
There are two types of electric circuit
Open electric circuit
Closed electric circuit
2. Draw symbols
3. Name the appliances that use the heating effect of electric current.
4.
(a) Define a short circuit.
When the live wire and the neutral wire come in direct contact, -
bypassing an electric device- in the circuit, it is called short circuit.
(b) What do you mean by overloading ? State two ways by which a short
circuit can be avoided.
An electric circuit - through which -more current passes -than it can
tolerate -without getting heated is called overloaded electric circuit.
Two ways by which a short circuit can be avoided are
Use a fuse in the circuit.
Use a MCB in the main circuit.
5. (a) State two reasons why a copper wire cannot be used as a fuse wire.
The two main reasons for not using a copper wire as a fuse are;
The melting point of the copper wire is high, so it cannot melt in
case of overloading.
A fuse wire has high resistance such that its temperature rises
rapidly, but copper wire does not have so high resistance as it is a
good conductor of electricity.
(b) what are the consequences of overload? Explain how overloading can
be avoided.
A over load in circuit causes sparking of fire.
This causes a great loss of property and life in the homes and
factories.
An overloading can be avoided by using fuse, made by a short
length, high resistance, and low melting point wire.
When the current flowing through the fuse exceeds certain limits it
melts and stops the flow of current.
6. Same as 3 question
7. Differentiate between cell and battery
Cell Battery
Electric cell is a Combination of two or
source of more cells is called a
electricity battery.
8. A fuse wire has a very low melting point. Give reasons.
An electric fuse is designed such that only a specified maximum
amount of current can flow through it.
If a very high current suddenly passes through it, the heat produced
due to the high current melts the fuse wire and breaks the circuit.
Thus, fuse has a very low melting point.
9. Electromagnets are temporary magnets. Give reason.
An electromagnet is a coil of wire wound on an iron core.
It works like a magnet only when the electric current passes
through it.
When the electric current stops, it becomes a simple iron core.
Thus, it is only a temporary magnet.
10. Air is not filled in electric bulbs. Why?
Air can burn the tungsten filament of the bulb. So, we fill argon(inert gas),
in instead of air in the bulb.
11. Can we use a copper wire to make filament of the electric bulb? Why?
No, we cannot use copper wire because the filament requires high
resistant wire but copper wire has low resistance.
12. Mention the factors that determine the heating effect of the electric
current.
The strength of the electric current
The material resistance of the conductor
Time (t) for which current flows.
13. What is an electric fuse? How does a fuse work?
A safety device which prevent excessive current from flowing in an
electric circuit.
It works on the principle of heating effect of electric current.
An electric fuse consists of a thin wire made up of an alloy which has
a low melting point and is usually placed inside a small glass
cylindrical tube or ceramic container.
It is designed such that only a specified maximum amount of current
can flow through it.
If a very high current suddenly passes through it, the heat produced
due to the high current melts the fuse wire and breaks the circuit.
Thus, the flow of electric current stops and damage of appliances is
avoided.
F long answer
1. (a) How can you make an electromagnet
Take an iron nail
Wind an insulated copper wire on it.
Bare the ends of the copper wire from insulation.
Fix the ends on the terminals of dry cell.
Bring this arrangement near iron paper clips.
Iron paper clips cling to the nail.
This proves that iron nail changes into magnet when current flows
through it.
b) Mention any five uses of electromagnet. 7
Electromagnets are used in the hospitals for treating eye – injuries.
It is used in the cranes and scrapyards.
It is used in telephone.
It is used in loud speakers for simplifying signals.
It is used in electrical motors – washing machine, electric fan etc.
It is used in electric bells.
2. describe the working construction basic principle and uses of an electric
bell. Draw a labelled diagram of it.
Electric bell has an electromagnet in it.
It works on the principle of magnetic effect of current.
The circuit contains electromagnet, armature, contact spring,
contact screw adjustment, hammer, and gong. (7)
The steps of a working electric bell are
When the switch of the bell is pushed ,the electromagnet attracts
the soft iron armature (strip). The hammer attached to the soft iron
strip then hits the gong causing a ring.
When the soft iron strip gets attracted to the electromagnet it no
longer touches the screw (interpreter) and hence the circuit is
broken.
It is much like a switch being turned off.
This turns off the electromagnets and no longer attracts the soft iron
strip.
The soft iron strip returns to its initial position touching the screw.
This results in the circuit to complete and the current flow again.
C.W. question
