Malaysia
MALAYSIA
A. General Info:
| Official Name | Federation of Malaysia |
| Capital | Kuala Lumpur |
| Main Cities | Kuala Lumpur, Subang Jaya, Klang, Johor Baru, Ampang Jaya |
| Languages | Malay (official), Chinese, English, Tamil, Iban, Banjar, |
| Government | Federated constitutional monarchy |
| Independence | From UK ( 31 August 1957), Federation (16 September 1963) |
| Area | 330, 252 sq km |
| Population | 29, 30,000 (2010 census) |
| Currency | Ringgit |
| Climate | Tropical |
| Measures | Metric system (official) |
| Time Zone | 7 hours ahead of GMT |
| Main Airports | Kuala Lumpur Int’l Airport, Penang Int’l Airport, Langkawi Int’l Airport |
| Main Harbors | George Town, Port Dicson, Port Klang |
Source: National sources, 2011
B. Economic Indicators
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
| GDP | ||||||
| Nominal GDP (US$bn) |
138.0 |
156.6 |
186.1 |
221.6 |
191.3 |
221.1 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) |
5.3 |
5.8 |
6.2 |
4.6 |
-1.7 |
5.4 |
| Expenditure on GDP (% real change) | ||||||
| Private Consumption |
9.1 |
6.8 |
10.4 |
8.5 |
0.8 |
4.9 |
| Government Consumption |
6.5 |
5.0 |
6.5 |
10.9 |
3.7 |
3.1 |
| Gross fixed Investment |
5.0 |
7.5 |
9.6 |
0.8 |
-5.5 |
3.9 |
| Export of goods & services |
8.3 |
6.6 |
4.5 |
1.3 |
-10.1 |
8.0 |
| Import of goods & services |
8.9 |
8.1 |
6.0 |
1.9 |
-12.5 |
12.1 |
| Origin of GDP (%real change) | ||||||
| Agriculture |
2.6 |
5.2 |
1.4 |
4.0 |
0.4 |
2.3 |
| Industry |
3.5 |
4.5 |
3.0 |
0.9 |
-7.0 |
5.0 |
| Services |
7.3 |
7.5 |
9.7 |
7.3 |
2.6 |
5.4 |
| GDP per capita (US$ at PPP) |
11,531 |
12,362 |
13,238 |
13,862 |
13,514 |
14,173 |
| Fiscal Indicator (% of GDP) | ||||||
| Public sector balance |
-3.6 |
-3.3 |
-3.2 |
-4.8 |
-7.0 |
-5.6 |
| Public sector debt interest payments |
2.2 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
2.1 |
2.2 |
| Public sector primary balance |
-1.4 |
-1.2 |
-1.2 |
-3.1 |
-4.9 |
-3.3 |
| Net public debt |
43.8 |
42.2 |
41.7 |
41.5 |
51.4 |
51.6 |
| Prices and financial indicators | ||||||
| Exchange Rates M$:US$ (end-period) |
3.78 |
3.53 |
3.31 |
3.46 |
3.42 |
3.30 |
| Consumer Prices (end period; % change) |
3.3 |
3.1 |
2.4 |
4.4 |
1.1 |
2.3 |
| Stock of money M1 (% change) |
8.7 |
12.2 |
18.7 |
9.0 |
9.3 |
10.3 |
| Stock of money M2 (% change) |
6.3 |
11.5 |
10.5 |
11.3 |
8.9 |
10.0 |
| Lending interest rate (av; %) |
6.1 |
6.6 |
6.3 |
5.9 |
4.8 |
5.1 |
| Current Account (US$m) | ||||||
| Trade Balance |
33,156 |
37,441 |
37,190 |
51,261 |
38,291 |
34,067 |
| Goods: exports fob |
141,808 |
160,916 |
176,433 |
199,733 |
157,632 |
198,800 |
| Goods: imports fob |
-108,653 |
-123,474 |
-139,243 |
-148,472 |
-119,339 |
-164,733 |
| Services Balance |
-2,380 |
-1,970 |
690 |
51 |
382 |
1,325 |
| Income Balance |
-6,318 |
-4,712 |
-4,055 |
-7,137 |
-3,229 |
-4,511 |
| Current-account balance |
19,980 |
26,200 |
29,243 |
38,914 |
30,907 |
28,041 |
| External Debt (US$m) | ||||||
| Debt stock |
51,981 |
56,491 |
53,717 |
54,597 |
48,559 |
49,926 |
| Debt service paid |
9,389 |
7,630 |
10,006 |
8,786 |
9,978 |
9,676 |
| Principal repayments |
7,192 |
5,269 |
7,818 |
7,026 |
8,343 |
7,868 |
| Interest |
2,197 |
2,362 |
2,189 |
1,760 |
1,635 |
1,808 |
| International Reserves (US$m) | ||||||
| Total international reserves |
69,917 |
82,194 |
101,084 |
91,212 |
95,496 |
105,205 |
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011
C. Trade
C.1. Malaysia’s Trade with the World
|
US$ Mn. |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Export (fob) |
160,659 |
176,213 |
199,510 |
164,721 |
198,800 |
| Import (cif) |
130,487 |
146,992 |
156,932 |
133,243 |
164,733 |
| Trade Volume |
291,146 |
323,205 |
356,442 |
297,964 |
363,533 |
| Trade Balance |
30,172 |
29,221 |
42,578 |
31,478 |
34,067 |
| World Trade (US$ Bn) |
24,294 |
27,845 |
32,215 |
24,948 |
28,143 |
| Share |
1.20% |
1.16% |
1.106% |
1.19% |
1.3% |
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011
C.2. Malaysia’s trade with D-8 Countries
|
US$ Mn. |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Export (fob) |
6,825.21 |
8,935.08 |
11,071.83 |
10,026.8 |
13,301 |
| Import (cif) |
5,747.99 |
6,980.95 |
8,504.77 |
5,808.12 |
11,312 |
| Trade Volume |
12,573.2 |
15,916.03 |
19,576.6 |
15,834.92 |
24,613 |
| Trade Balance |
1,077.22 |
1,954.13 |
2,567.06 |
4,218.68 |
1,989 |
| D-8 Intra Trade |
49,806.52 |
66,828.03 |
78,382.2 |
66,947.63 |
101,139 |
| Share |
25.24% |
23.81% |
24.97% |
23.80% |
24.33% |
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics 2011
C.3. Malaysia’s Trade by 10 Main Commodities
C.3.1. Export by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity
|
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
1. |
Electrical, electronic equipment |
49,987.5 |
51,586.5 |
50,883.8 |
45,187.3 |
55,775.0 |
|
2. |
Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc |
22,064.1 |
25,332.1 |
36,299.5 |
23,251.2 |
31,513.5 |
|
3. |
Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers, etc |
32,682.6 |
32,820.8 |
33,076.8 |
26,229.7 |
29,927.3 |
|
4. |
Animal,vegetable fats and oils, cleavage products, etc |
6,971.7 |
10,796.7 |
16,488.3 |
11,979.9 |
16,201.6 |
|
5. |
Rubber and articles thereof |
4,826.6 |
5,231.2 |
6,280.6 |
4,824.3 |
7,862.2 |
|
6. |
Plastics and articles thereof |
4,474.9 |
5,173.8 |
5,788.7 |
4,703.6 |
6,181.8 |
|
7. |
Optical, photo, technical, medical, etc apparatus |
3,993.7 |
4,112.9 |
4,457.9 |
3,625.1 |
5,560.1 |
|
8. |
Wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal |
4,656.2 |
4,695.4 |
4,733.8 |
3,766.8 |
4,318.5 |
|
9. |
Organic chemicals |
2,551.7 |
3,162.0 |
3,375.4 |
2,491.1 |
3,731.3 |
|
10. |
Miscellaneous chemical products |
2,031.6 |
2,595.9 |
2,988.9 |
2,195.0 |
3,077.9 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
C.3.2 Import by 10 Main commodities, (million US$)
|
No. |
Commodity
|
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
1. |
Electrical, electronic equipment |
47,493.5 |
49,790.8 |
48,288.1 |
37,387.5 |
51,234.0 |
|
2. |
Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers, etc |
19,285.3 |
21,799.4 |
21,561.2 |
18,812.9 |
21,293.1 |
|
3. |
Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc |
11,745.5 |
12,883.7 |
17,013.3 |
10,147.8 |
16,403.5 |
|
4. |
Vehicles other than railway, tramway |
3,124.3 |
3,217.7 |
4,031.7 |
3,843.9 |
5,716.6 |
|
5. |
Iron and steel |
4,212.4 |
5,697.6 |
6,531.5 |
3,648.9 |
5,420.1 |
|
6. |
Plastics and articles thereof |
4,668.1 |
4,636.1 |
4,801.9 |
3,786.5 |
5,174.7 |
|
7. |
Optical, photo, technical, medical, etc apparatus |
3,866.8 |
3,771.5 |
4,464.8 |
3,620.9 |
4,794.6 |
|
8. |
Pearls, precious stones, metals, coins, etc |
1,930.8 |
2,562.1 |
3,288.1 |
2,596.3 |
3,686.9 |
|
9. |
Organic chemicals |
2,387.5 |
2,935.8 |
2,935.1 |
2,464.9 |
3,394.4 |
|
10. |
Rubber and articles thereof |
1,293.6 |
1,681.8 |
2,128.7 |
2,200.9 |
3,160.2 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
C.4 Export and Import by Main Destination Country
Export by Main Destination Country (% of total)
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
| Singapore |
15.6 |
15.4 |
14.6 |
14.7 |
14 |
13.4 |
| China |
6.6 |
7.2 |
8.8 |
9.5 |
12.2 |
12.6 |
| United States of America |
19.6 |
18.8 |
15.6 |
12.5 |
11 |
9.5 |
| Japan |
9.4 |
8.9 |
9.1 |
10.8 |
9.8 |
10.4 |
| Thailand |
5.4 |
5.3 |
5 |
4.8 |
5.4 |
5.3 |
| Hong Kong (SARC) |
5.8 |
4.9 |
4.6 |
4.3 |
5.2 |
5.1 |
| Others |
37.6 |
39.5 |
42.3 |
43.4 |
42.4 |
43.7 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
Import by Main Origin Country (% of total)
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
| China |
11.5 |
12.1 |
12.9 |
12.8 |
14 |
12.6 |
| Japan |
14.5 |
13.2 |
13 |
12.5 |
12.5 |
12.6 |
| United States of America |
12.9 |
12.5 |
10.8 |
10.8 |
11.2 |
10.7 |
| Singapore |
11.7 |
11.7 |
11.5 |
10.9 |
11 |
11.4 |
| Thailand |
5.3 |
5.5 |
5.4 |
5.6 |
6.1 |
6.2 |
| Indonesia |
3.8 |
3.8 |
4.2 |
4.6 |
5.3 |
5.6 |
| Others |
40.3 |
51.2 |
42.2 |
42.8 |
39.9 |
40.9 |
Source: WTO, International Trade Centre 2011
D. Foreign Direct Investment (Overview, selected years)
|
US$ Mn |
FDI Flows |
FDI Stocks |
||||||||
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
1995 |
2000 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
| Inward |
4,064 |
6,060 |
8,401 |
8,053 |
1,381 |
28,731 |
52,747 |
76,612 |
73,262 |
74,643 |
| Outward |
2,972 |
6,084 |
11,087 |
14,059 |
8,038 |
5,123 |
15,878 |
58,233 |
67,580 |
75,618 |
Source: UNCTAD, 2011
E. Agriculture: Food Commodities
|
US$ Mn |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Export |
17,951.4 |
13,267.8 |
17,791.7 |
| Import |
5,824 |
5,258 |
6,942 |
| Trade Volume |
23,775.4 |
18,925.8 |
24,733.7 |
| Trade Balance |
12,127.4 |
8,009.8 |
10,849.7 |
| Malaysia’s Total Trade |
337,610.3 |
297,964 |
363,533 |
| Share to Malaysia’s Total Trade |
7.04% |
6.35% |
6.8% |
Source: WTO, FAO, 2011
F. Energy
F.1 Oil
|
Petroleum (Thousand Barrels per Day) |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
| Total Oil Production |
717 |
743 |
754 |
739 |
716 |
| Consumption |
459 |
481 |
475 |
538 |
556 |
| Refinery |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Proved reserved (billion barrels) |
5.4 |
5.5 |
5.5 |
5.8 |
5.8 |
Source: BP statistics, 2011
F.2 Natural Gas
| Natural Gas (Billion Cubic Feet/day) | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
2010 |
| Total Production |
5.8 |
5.9 |
6.0 |
6.2 |
6.4 |
| Consumption |
2.8 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
3.5 |
| Proved reserved (trillion cubic meters, TCM) |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
Source: BP statistics, 2011
F.3 Others Energy
|
Energy |
Year |
|||
|
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
||
| Biofuels production (thousand barrels daily) |
5 |
6 |
2 |
|
| Electricity Generation (Terawatt-hours) |
106.4 |
106.9 |
116.2 |
|
| Renewable Energy (Installed Capacity) | Geothermal (mega-watts) |
- |
- |
- |
| Solar (mega-watts) |
8.8 |
11.1 |
14.6 |
|
| Wind (mega-watts) |
- |
- |
- |
|
Source: BP statistics, 2011
