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FM - 10 67 2

This document is the US Army Field Manual 10-67-2 which provides guidance on petroleum laboratory testing and operations. It outlines the environmental responsibilities and standards for handling hazardous materials like petroleum products. It also describes quality assurance and surveillance programs to ensure proper testing and handling of fuels. The manual provides detailed information on establishing and operating petroleum testing facilities in both developed and undeveloped theaters of operations.

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464 views11 pages

FM - 10 67 2

This document is the US Army Field Manual 10-67-2 which provides guidance on petroleum laboratory testing and operations. It outlines the environmental responsibilities and standards for handling hazardous materials like petroleum products. It also describes quality assurance and surveillance programs to ensure proper testing and handling of fuels. The manual provides detailed information on establishing and operating petroleum testing facilities in both developed and undeveloped theaters of operations.

Uploaded by

keirajaviercruz
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FM 10-67-2 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

PETROLEUM LABORATORY TESTING AND OPERATIONS

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED.

* FM 10-67-2
Field Manual No. 10-67-2 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC, 2 April 1997

PETROLEUM LABORATORY TESTING AND OPERATIONS


Table of Contents
Page

PREFACE CHAPTER 1 Section I ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION STEWARDSHIP Scope of Environmental Responsibility Environmental Protection Stewardship Goals Role of Environmental Protection Stewardship in Leadership Environmental Responsibilities of Personnel HAZARDOUS MATERIALS General Hazardous Waste Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials Management PETROLEUM PRODUCTS PETROLEUM-BASE LIQUID PROPELLANTS AND FUELS Crude Petroleum Types of Petroleum Products Petroleum-Base Liquid Propellants and Fuels Category FUEL OILS Burner Fuels Kerosene

ix 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-2 1-2 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-4 1-4 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-3 2-3 2-4

Section II

CHAPTER 2 Section I

Section II

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This publication supersedes FM 10-70, 9 May 1983, and FM 10-72, 11 August 1986.

FM 10-67-2

Section III

LUBRICATING OILS AND GREASES Purpose Lubricating Oils Requirements Lubricating Greases Classification of Greases Grease Requirements Properties of Grease Miscellaneous Products PETROLEUM QUALITY PETROLEUM INSPECTION PROCEDURES General Quality Control Quality Assurance Quality Surveillance QUALITY ASSURANCE Quality Assurance Program Administrators Quality Assurance Representative Responsibilities Quality Assurance Inspections and Acceptance Quality Assurance Inspection of Contractor Facilities Quality Assurance Inspections of Storage and Transfer Facilities Quality Assurance Inspection of Tankers and Barges Quality Assurance Inspection of Tank Cars and Tank Vehicles Quality Assurance Measurements and Documentation QUALITY SURVEILLANCE Quality Surveillance Program Administrators Petroleum Quality Surveillance And Technical Assistance Program Correlation Programs Quality Surveillance During Storage, Loading and Unloading Operations Quality Surveillance During Storage Operations Quality Surveillance During Tanker and Barge Loading Operations Quality Surveillance During Jet Fuel or Kerosene Loading Operations Quality Surveillance During Tanker and Barge Unloading Operations Quality Surveillance During Tank Cars and Tank Vehicle Loading and Unloading Operations Quality Surveillance During Pipeline Operations CLEANLINESS STANDARDS FOR AVIATION FUELS General Filter/Separators Solid Contamination Water Contamination Testing Effluent Samples for Water

2-4 2-4 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-2 3-2 3-2 3-2 3-3 3-3 3-4 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-7 3-8 3-8 3-8 3-9 3-9 3-10 3-10 3-11 3-11 3-11 3-12 3-12 3-14

CHAPTER 3 Section I

Section II

Section III

Section IV

ii

FM 10-67-2

CHAPTER 4 Section I

PETROLEUM LABORATORY PERSONNEL, FACILITIES, AND TESTING EQUIPMENT PETROLEUM LABORATORY PERSONNEL Petroleum Laboratory Officer Petroleum Laboratory Specialist Duties of Petroleum Laboratory Specialist PETROLEUM LABORATORIES General CONUS Army Laboratory Facilities OCONUS Laboratories Types of Laboratories Base Petroleum Laboratory Modular Base Petroleum Laboratory Mobile Petroleum Laboratory Airmobile Petroleum Laboratory Petroleum Quality Analysis System TEST KITS General Aviation Fuel contamination Test Kit Sampling andGaging Kit Ground Fuels Contamination Test Kit Captured Fuels Test Kit Aqua-Glo Test Kit LABORATORY EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND SUPPLY Maintenance Calibration Calibration of Test Kits A-Level Calibration Procedures C-Level Calibration Procedures Supply Inventories Prescribed Load List EQUIPMENT PUBLICATIONS AND FORMS General DODISS DD Form 1425 Requisition Processing ESTABLISHING PETROLEUM TESTING FACILITIES IN THE THEATER

4-1 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-3 4-3 4-3 4-3 4-7 4-7 4-7 4-7 4-9 4-9 4-9 4-9 4-11 4-11 4-11 4-11 4-11 4-11 4-12 4-12 4-12 4-12 4-12 4-12 4-13 4-13 5-1

Section II

Section III

Section IV

Section V

CHAPTER 5

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FM 10-67-2
Section I DEPLOYMENT OF PETROLEUM TESTING FACILITIES Preparation for Shipment Shipping Documents Request Channels and Format Request Approval PETROLEUM LABORATORY AREA REQUIREMENTS General Environmental Considerations Laboratory Site Selection Petroleum Base Laboratory Requirements Modular Base Laboratory Requirements Mobile Laboratory Requirements Airmobile Laboratory Requirements Ground Fuels Test Kit Requirements Test Kit Requirements NBC ENVIRONMENT NBC Threat Considerations Nuclear Effects Preparation of Site Laboratory NBC Protection Procedures NBC Defense Fundamentals NBC Operations Nuclear Attack Biological Attack Chemical Attack Operations in a Contaminated Environment Laboratory SOP Training Destruction of Army Laboratories PERFORMING QUALITY SURVEILLANCE IN THE THEATER PETROLEUM QUALITY SURVEILLANCE IN THE DEVELOPED THEATER Description of the System Base Petroleum Laboratory Mobile Petroleum Laboratory Airmobile Petroleum Laboratory Test Kits Testing Requirements Procurement of Petroleum Products Standardization Agreements Channels of Communication Laboratory Requirements Quality Surveillance Mission 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-4 5-4 5-4 5-4 5-4 5-4 5-5 5-5 5-5 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-8 5-8 6-1 6-1 6-1 6-1 6-1 6-1 6-1 6-2 6-2 6-2 6-2 6-2 6-2

Section II

Section III

CHAPTER 6 Section I

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FM 10-67-2
Section II PETROLEUM QUALITY SURVEILLANCE IN THE UNDEVELOPED THEATER Description of the System Testing Requirement Procurement of Petroleum Products Commandeered/Captured Petroleum Products Channels of Communication Laboratory Requirements Additional Requirements Time-Phased Laboratories INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY FOR THE PETROLEUM LABORATORY MATTER General Definition Quantity of Matter REAGENTS AND SOLUTIONS General Equations Reagents Solutions Factors Affecting Solubility Concentrations of Solutions Preparing Solutions Primary Standards Secondary Standards Standardization Titration Standardization by Titration pH Scale Indicators BALANCES AND WEIGHING General Analytical Balance The Harvard Trip Balance Triple Beam Balance EVALUATING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS Critical Properties API Gravity Appearance/Workmanship Aqua-Glo Water Test

6-5 6-5 6-5 6-6 6-6 6-6 6-6 6-6 6-7 7-1 7-1 7-1 7-1 7-2 7-4 7-4 7-4 7-4 7-4 7-4 7-5 7-5 7-5 7-6 7-6 7-6 7-6 7-7 7-7 7-8 7-8 7-8 7-9 7-10 8-1 8-1 8-1 8-1 8-1 8-1

CHAPTER 7 Section I

Section II

Section III

CHAPTER 8 Section I

FM 10-67-2
Ash Content Carbon Residue Cleveland Open Cup Flash Point Cloud Point Color Cone Penetration of Grease Copper Corrosion Distillation Dropping Point of Grease Existent Gum Freezing Point Fuel System Icing Inhibitor Ignition Quality of Diesel Fuels Kinematic Viscosity Lead in Fuels Neutralization Number Oxidation Stability and Potential Gum Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel Pensky-Martens Flash Point Pour Point of Petroleum Oils Precipitation Number Reid Vapor Pressure Smoke Point Sulfur in Petroleum Products Tag Closed Cup Flash Test Thermal Stability Water and Sediment Water Reaction Water Separation Characteristics Conductivity Section II IDENTIFICATION OF UNKNOWN PRODUCTS General Classification by Gravity Light Distillates Heavy Distillates Group A Distillates Group B Distillates Group C Distillates Reports and Recommendations PRODUCT RECLAMATION AND DISPOSITION General Factors Affecting Reclamation Reclamation Techniques Improving Critical Properties Approximating a Blending Ratio Downgrading andRegrading 8-2 8-2 8-2 8-3 8-3 8-3 8-4 8-4 8-6 8-6 8-6 8-6 8-7 8-7 8-8 8-8 8-9 8-9 8-9 8-10 8-10 8-10 8-10 8-10 8-11 8-11 8-11 8-12 8-12 8-13 8-13 8-13 8-13 8-14 8-15 8-15 8-15 8-16 8-16 8-16 8-16 8-17 8-17 8-17 8-18 8-18

Section III

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Disposition Procedures CHAPTER 9 SAMPLERS AND SMAPLING PROCEDURES General Types of Samples Samplers Sample Containers Sampling Procedures Special Procedures for Millipore Testing CHAPTER 10 Section I PETROLEUM LABORATORY OPERATIONS SAFETY DURING LABORATORY OPERATIONS General Precautions Preventing Fires Modular, Mobile and AirMobile Laboratories Fire Extinguishers Types of Fire Extinguishers Methods of Extinguishing Petroleum Fires Handling Chemicals Substitute Solvents Handling Excess Chemicals Handling Solutions Controlling Pressure and Vacuum Controlling Fumes Electrical Safety LABORATORY ANALYSIS REPORTING General Petroleum Sample Tag Petroleum Laboratory Analysis Report Testing 8-19 9-1 9-1 9-1 9-1 9-5 9-5 9-8 10-1 10-1 10-1 10-2 10-2 10-3 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-7 10-7 10-7 10-8 10-9 10-9 10-10 10-10 10-10 10-10 10-12

Section II

Section III

STANDARD PUBLICATIONS AND FORMS 10-13 General 10-13 Military Standardization Handbook for Fuels, Lubricants, and Related Products 10-13 Federal Test Method Standard No. 791 10-13 ASTM Standards 23, 24, 25, and 27 10-13 DFSCH 4120.1 Reference List of Specifications and Standards 10-14 DOD Manual 4140.25-M Procedures for the Management of Petroleum 10-14 AR 715-27, Petroleum Procurement of Quality Assurance Manual 10-14 Forms 10-14

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FM 10-67-2

APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C APPENDIX D GLOSSARY REFERENCES INDEX

PETROLEUM LABORATORIES TEST MAN-HOURS FOR TYPE OF FUEL CONVERSION CHARTS POSSIBLE CAUSES OF CONTAMINATION/DETERIORATION

A-1 B-1 C-1 D-1 Glossary-1 References-1 Index-1

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FM 10-67-2

PREFACE
Purpose and Scope

This manual is a guide for commanders, staff officers, and other personnel concerned with planning, organizing, and carrying out petroleum QS testing in a theater of operations. The doctrine in this manual concerns operations in a tactical theater and may not relate directly to normal peacetime garrison operations. Doctrine for the development and operation of theater petroleum testing facilities is discussed separately for an improved and unimproved theater of operations. The systems described are applicable to both conventional, and NBC warfare. This manual is a consolidation of FMs 10-70 and 10-72. It addresses certain environmental issues to be considered in planning petroleum laboratory operations. It provides information concerning the types of petroleum products, and their uses by the military; petroleum quality; the various laboratories and test kits available for implementing quality surveillance in the theater; and the deployment and establishment of these facilities. The final chapters of this manual address basic chemistry used in the laboratory, along with the properties of petroleum, testing methods; samplers and sampling procedures; and general petroleum laboratory operations. This manual is not intended to be the only source of information on the operation of petroleum testing facilities. It does not cover individual items of testing equipment and their maintenance or the internal operation of testing facilities. In addition to this manual, it is necessary to have publications such as those listed in the references in order to provide an adequate petroleum QS program.
User Information

The proponent of this publication is HQ USATRADOC. You are encouraged to submit recommended changes and comments to improve this manual. Make sure you key your comments to the exact page, paragraph, and line of the text in which the change is recommended. Provide reasons for each comment to ensure understanding and complete evaluation. Write your comments on a DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) or in a letter, and send them to Training Directorate Quartermaster Training Division ATTN ATCL AQ 801 Lee Avenue Fort Lee, VA 23801-1713

Unless otherwise stated, whenever the masculine gender is used, both men and women are included.

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FM 10-67-2

CHAPTER 1 ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES

Section I. Environmental Protection Stewardship


The Army environmental vision is to be a national leader in environmental and natural resource stewar ship for present and future ge erations as an integral part of our mission. n SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY We must take care of the environment (that is, practice environmental protection stewardship). The definition of stewardship is taking care of property while also caring about the rights of ot hers. We must plan our operations without harming the environment. Good environmental protection stewardship lets leaders take care of soldiers and their families. It also saves resources vital to co mbat readiness. The Armys environmental co ncerns include the following. The Army has the huge task of reducing the environmental impact on its installations and units throughout the US and the world. Within CONUS, the Army owns 20 million acres of land (an area about half the size of Virginia). This shows the vastness of this task. Each area of our daily operation has some effect on the enviro nment. The Army is renewing its emphasis on taking care of the environment. Petroleum units by their nature have a huge impact on the enviro nment. It is critical for the leaders and soldiers in these units to follow safe, legal environmental practices. By doing so, they protect their health and the health of those around them. They also prevent long term environmental damage that can lead to fines and other legal actions. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION STEWARDSHIP GOALS The Army no longer just complies with laws, they want to be a leader in environmental prote ction. To do this , the Army has set goals for its leaders. These goals include: Compliance. Ensure that all Army sites (CONUS, OCONUS) attain and sustain compl iance in the face of changing requir ements. Restoration. Clean up contaminated sites as quickly as resources permit to protect human health and environment. Prevention. Adopt and implement integr ation management approaches, procedures, and operations in all Army mission areas to minimize all environmental contamination and pollution. Do not receive a notice or violation or a fine for not following local, state, and federal environmental regulations. Conservation. Conserve, protect, and e nhance environmental, natural and cultural r esources, using all practical means consistent with missions, so that present and future generations may use and enjoy them. Planning. Consider the environment in the planning and decision making process, and initiate environmental planning early in the ssion. mi NEPA. Integrate all NEPA procedures into oper tions. a d-

1-1

Common questions

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The quality assurance program is critical in military operations for managing petroleum products due to its focus on maintaining the integrity, safety, and effectiveness of fuels and related materials. The program involves various inspection processes, quality assurance inspections of contractor facilities and transfer storage facilities, and documentation, all aimed at ensuring that petroleum products meet the required standards. This is crucial not only for the operational readiness of military equipment but also for preventing potential environmental damage and ensuring the safe handling of hazardous materials .

Different types of petroleum products serve specific functions within military applications, tailored to the operational needs and equipment types. For instance, crude petroleum and petroleum-base liquid propellants are foundational to creating fuels and lubricants. Petroleum products such as burner fuels, kerosene, and lubricating oils have distinct physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for various machinery and vehicles. These products are selected based on their efficiency, ease of transport, and compatibility with military hardware to ensure operational effectiveness and efficiency in the field .

When selecting a site for a petroleum laboratory in a theater of operations, essential environmental considerations include ensuring minimal disruption to the local ecosystem and adherence to environmental regulations. A suitable site should have stable terrain to support laboratory infrastructure, accessibility for transport and equipment deployment, and should be located away from protected natural areas to avoid ecological damage. Additionally, the site should be positioned to prevent pollution of water sources and comply with environmental impact assessments to maintain environmental stewardship goals .

Base Petroleum Laboratories are permanent, fixed installations equipped for comprehensive testing and analysis of petroleum products. They are designed to handle large volumes of testing and provide in-depth analysis capabilities. In contrast, Mobile Petroleum Laboratories are designed for flexibility and can be deployed to various locations to support testing operations directly on-site. They offer a reduced range of testing capabilities due to their mobile nature but are crucial for operational environments where permanent facilities are not available or practical .

The Army integrates environmental considerations into planning and decision-making for petroleum operations by adhering to the principles of NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act) and incorporating environmental planning early in mission development. This involves evaluating potential environmental impacts, adopting procedures to minimize pollution and contamination, and implementing strategies for resource conservation. By considering these elements, the Army ensures that operations are sustainable, comply with environmental regulations, and support the Army's goal to lead in environmental protection stewardship .

The Army has established several environmental protection stewardship goals, which include compliance, restoration, prevention, conservation, and planning. Compliance involves ensuring all Army sites meet and sustain compliance with environmental laws and regulations. Restoration is focused on cleaning up contaminated sites quickly to protect human health and the environment. Prevention involves implementing management procedures to minimize environmental contamination and pollution. Conservation focuses on protecting and enhancing environmental, natural, and cultural resources for future generations. Planning requires considering environmental implications in all decision-making processes. These goals are significant for petroleum units because these units have a substantial impact on the environment; adhering to these guidelines helps protect health, avoid legal consequences, and prevent long-term environmental damage .

A Quality Assurance Representative in the context of petroleum operations is responsible for overseeing quality assurance inspections and ensuring that petroleum products comply with quality standards. Their duties include verifying the accuracy of testing procedures, assessing product conformity during inspections, maintaining documentation, and providing guidance on quality assurance practices. They also ensure adherence to contractual requirements when inspecting contractor facilities and storage sites, which is crucial for maintaining product integrity and operational reliability .

To ensure the cleanliness of aviation fuels, several methods are employed, including filtration to remove solid contaminants, water separation techniques, and testing for water contamination. For example, filter/separators are used to reduce solid particles and water from the fuel, maintaining high standards of purity. Testing effluent samples for water ensures that fuels meet standards specified for safe aviation operations. These processes are vital to prevent engine malfunction, maintain flight safety, and ensure high-performance standards of military aircraft .

Laboratory testing and analysis significantly influence the efficiency and effectiveness of military petroleum operations by ensuring that fuel and lubricant qualities meet required standards. Accurate testing helps identify contaminants or degradation in petroleum products, allowing for timely remediation before deployment. This maintains the reliability and performance of military equipment and vehicles, minimizing operational downtime and optimizing resource utilization. Additionally, testing results guide product selection and storage decisions, aligning with mission requirements and operational conditions to enhance tactical proficiency and readiness .

Environmental stewardship in petroleum units is critical for protecting both human health and ensuring legal compliance. By implementing safe, legal environmental practices, petroleum units mitigate risks to the health of soldiers and surrounding populations. This involves reducing environmental impacts to prevent long-term damage that could result in fines or legal actions. Proper stewardship ensures that units adhere to local, state, and federal regulations, thus avoiding violations and enhancing the Army's initiative to be a leader in environmental protection .

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