NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA SAMITI, NOIDA
E-CONTENT PREPARATION
CLASS – VII SCIENCE
CHAPTER – 14
Electric Current and its Effects
BY
RITA KHAPEKAR, TGT SCIENCE , JNV MANPUR INDORE
ELECTRIC CURRENT AND ITS EFFECTS
PREPARED BY:
RITA KHAPEKAR
TGT SCIENCE JNV MANPUR INDORE
MADHYA PRADESH
LEARNING OUTCOME
AFTER THE COMPLITION OF THIS CHAPTER
STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO:
IDENTIFY SYMBOLS OF ELECTRICAL
COMPONENTS
DRAW ELECTRIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM USING
SYMBOLS
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN OPEN AND CLOSED
CIRCUIT
EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT :
HEATING EFFECT
MAGNETIC EFFECT
USES OF HEATING EFFECT IN OUR DAILY LIFE
USE OF SAFETY FUSE
ELECTROMAGNET
CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF ELECTRIC
BELL
Introduction
Electricity is form of energy which can be converted into light, sound or
heat energy,etc.
Electric is generated due to the movement of electric charges i.e. positive
(+ve) and negative (-ve) charges from their sources.
The sources of electric current are cells or batteries.
The SI unit of electric current is ampere (A) and that of charge is
coloumb(C).
The electric current flows from its source through the conducting
material only. A material set to be good conductor of electricity if it
allows electric current to flow or pass easily through it for example the
metals like iron, copper, aluminium in their solid states or salt solutions,
acid solution, alkali solution, water etc. are good conductors of
electricity. Thematerials through which electricity cannot pass or flow
easily are known as bad conductors of electricity. For example plastic,
wood,rubber,wax, paper etc. The bad conductor of electricity are also
called insulator.
Electric circuit
An electric circuit is a path through which current
flows. An electric circuit may be a complete electric
circuit ( closed circuit) or incomplete electric
circuit( open circuit)
Types of circuit
CLOSED CIRCUIT
In a closed electric circuit , the electric current
starts from the
positive terminal of the source and ends at the
negative terminal of the
source without any break. The current flows only
ifthe circuit is complete or closed,all the elements
of the electric circuit start functioning.
OPEN CIRCUIT
In an open electric circuit, the electric current
starts from the positive terminal of the source but
does not reach the negative terminal of the source
because the circuit is broken at some point. In the
open circuit, current does not flow and the
elements /components of the electric circuit do
not work.
COMPONENTS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
Elements/Components of Electric
Circuit:The parts which constitutes an
electric circuit are called elements of
electric circuit.A source(cell or
battery),connecting wire,an
appliance(bulb,fan,heater etc.),The
key(switch)
SYMBOLS OF ELECTRIC COMPONENT
Source of electricity is a cell or a [Link]
may be one or more source of [Link]
of cells may be in series or a parallel.
Connecting Wires:These are normally conducting
materials covered with insulating materials like
plastics or
[Link],copperwire,aluminiumwire,etc.
An Appliance:It is a device which uses the
[Link],electricbulb,fan,heater,etc.
A key:This is the switch by which we can close the
circuit or open (break) it.
TYPES OF EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
Effects of electric current:When an electric current
is passed through an electric circuit,it may produce the
following effect:--
HEATING EFFECT
LIGHTING EFFECT
MAGNETIC EFFECT
CHEMICAL EFFECT
Heating effect of electric current:
When electric current flows through a conductor, some
heat is produced(due to resistance of the
conductor).This effect of current is known as heating
effect of electric current.
Heat produced in a conductor by an electric current
depends on:
1. Length of the conductor
2. Thickness of the conductor
3. Nature of the material of the conductor
In our daily life, there are many applications of heating effect of
electric current. The working of electric bulb ,electric
iron ,electric heater, room heater, and many other electric
appliances is based on the heating effect of electric current.
The wires used for making electric circuits do not normally
becomes hot. On the other hand ,the elements of some electric
appliances become so hot that they are easily visible. The
Filament of an electric bulb gets heated to such a high
temperature that it starts glowing.
An electric bulb is used for light but it also gives heat. This is not
desirable. This results in the wastage of electricity. This wastage
can be reduced by using fluorescent tube lights in place of the
bulbs .Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs)also reduces wastage
and can be fixed in the ordinary bulb holders.
Short circuit
The short circuit is generally caused due to the
accidental connection of live wire (positive and negative
terminal) with the earth wire or the neutral wire.
Overloaded electric circuit
A circuit is said to be overloaded when more current
passes through the circuit than it can tolerate without
heating the conducting wires. Overloading of circuit
occurs due to a large current, short circuit or fluctuation
of voltage.
SAFETY FUSE OR ELECTRIC FUSE
The Fuse is a safety device making use of the
heating effect of electric current.
It is used to protect electric circuits and electric
appliances against high current. High current flows
through the circuit because of shortcircuit or random
voltage fluctuations. When high current flows in a
circuit, it is called overloaded circuit.
[Link]-Kat fuse: It is the combination of the porcelain
fuse socket and a carrier.
[Link]: Cartridge fuse is made by putting a
fuse wire inside a glass tube and connecting its two ends
to a metallic caps fitted tightly over the glass tube.
These type of fuses are used to protect sensitive electronic
appliance from excessive current.
3. Miniature Circuit Breaker(MCB):MCB is also a
type of safety device which is connected in the
electric circuit. Unlike in fuse, the MCB stops the
flow of current by simple ,turning OFF. To
continue the current flow, one has to turn ON the
MCB again.
MAGNETIC EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
In 1820 Danish Scientist Hans Christian Oersted
discovered that the electric current has magnetic
effect. The relationship between electricity and
magnetism is known as electromagnetism.
ELECTROMAGNET
A coil wound around an iron core which acts as a
magnet as long as electric current flows through
the coil, is called an electromagnet.
ELECTROMAGNETISM
USES OF ELECTROMAGNET
Electromagnets are used in many electrical appliances
such as electric motors, electric fan, electric bell, etc.
They are used in electric generators.
Electro magnet are used in television for deflecting
electron beam of the picture tube.
They are used in magnetic separation of iron ores
from earthly substances.
They are used clinical apparatus to remove magnetic
foreign bodies like iron filings from a patient’s body
part.
They are used to make permanent magnets.
DIAGRAM OF
ELECTRIC BELL
Electric Bell
Principle:It works on the principle of Electromagnetism.
Construction and working: It consists of a soft iron armature
mounted on a springy metal strip placed in front of a U-shaped
electromagnet.
The electromagnet is wound on an insulated copper wire of a large
number of [Link] end of the insulated copper wire is connected
to the T1 of the cell and the other end of the metal strips.
The metal strip makes contact with one adjustable contact screw at
contact point .
A hammer made up of steel is attached to the armature.
It also consists of a gone which is made of brass.
When the bell operates, the hammer repeatedly strikes against the
gong and produces the sound.
SUMMARY
In this chapter you learnt about:
Symbols used for electric components
open and closed circuits
Effects of electric current:heating effect and
magnetic effect
Uses of heating effect
Electric fuse/safety fuse
Types of safety fuse
Magnetic effect of electric current
Electromagnet
How electric bell works?
YO U
A N
T H
