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to
Chicago Transit Authority
System Safety Training &
Observation

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or place on mute / vibrate
1. There’s no reading of the N ews paper in this
classroom
2. You are expected to be on time after returning
from break
Thank You
System Safety & Training 5/2009 1
System Safety & Training 5/2009 2
Arc Flash Energy & Protection
Presented by: System Safety
Training & Observation

System Safety & Training 5/2009 3

OBJECTIVES

Today’s Topics

 How to select and use required Protective

Equipment.
 What is An Arc Flash
 Why OSHA is addressing this issue
 New Requirements in NEC & NFPA 70E
 Impact to the CTA

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Some Facts

According to NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical

Safety in the Workplace

Approximately 30,000 nonfatal electrical

shock accidents occur each year in the
United States about 82 per day
The National Safety Council estimates that
each year about 1000 fatalities (one every
3.5 hours ) are due to electrocution, more
than half of them while servicing energized
systems of less that 600 volts.

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Interesting Facts

Electrocution is the forth leading

cause of fatalities,
after traffic, homicide, and
construction accidents.

The current required to light a 7 ½ watt,

120 volt lamp (.60ma),
(.60ma) if passed across the
chest, is enough to cause a fatality. The most
damaging paths through the body are by way of
the lungs, heart, and brain.

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What is Required?

Work place safety is governed by OSHA. OSHA has

adopted NFPA 70E as a consensus standard for electrical
safety.

Per OSHA requirements the employer is required to

conduct a hazard risk assessment before working on
energized parts above 50 volts.

If an arc-flash hazard is present, or likely to be present,

then the employer must select and require employees to
use protective apparel.

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U.S. Department of Labor
Occupational Safety & Health Administration

Under Regulation standard -29CFR

 Protective equipment, including personal

protective equipment for eyes, face, head, and
extremities, protective clothing, respiratory
devices, and protective shields and barriers,
shall be provided, used and maintained by
reason of hazards of processes or
environment, chemical hazards, radiological
hazards.

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Basic Electricity

DC AC
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Basic Electricity

The difference in AC current and DC current is

that rather than being delivered up to a smooth,
continuous flow like DC electricity, AC current is
switched on and off at high rate of speed usually
50 to 60 time per second, or (Hertz)
In DC electricity we call that Positive (+) and
Negative (-).
In Alternating Current we use: Hot and Neutral.

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ARC FLASH

Every day electricians

are Severely injured
by an Arc Flash Event.

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What is An Arc Flash?

An Arc flash is a
dangerous
condition
associated with
the explosive
release of energy
caused by an
electrical arc due
to either a phase
to ground or
phase to phase
fault

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Types of Injury from Arc
Flashing
Burns Hearing Loss

Concussions Shrapnel

Collapsed Lungs Broken Bones

Loss of Limbs Loss of Life

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Effects of
Electrical Current on the body
 1 milliamp – just a faint tingle

 5 milliamp – slight shock

 6-25 milliamp – Painful shock

 25-30 milliamp – Muscular

control is lost. It may not be
possible to let go.

 30-150 milliamp –Extremely

painful shock, severe muscle
contractions.

 1000-4300 milliamp – death is

likely

 10,000 milliamp = 10 amps –

Cardiac arrest and severe burns
Death is probable Heart defribulation

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ELECTRIC SHOCK:
SHOCK
The sudden pain,
convulsion,
unconsciousness,
or death produced
by the passage of
electric current
through the body.

Arc Flash: is the result

of a rapid release of
energy due to an
arcing fault between a
phase bus bar and
another phase bus bar,
neutral or a ground.
During an arc fault the
air is the conductor.

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The output voltages without external "load"
(which would be the target's body) are claimed to be in the range of 50 kV
up to 1000 kV, with the System
mostSafety
common being
& Training in the 200 to 300 kV range.
5/2009 16
OSHA

VISIT
www.osha.gov
on
“Arc Flash”
for more information.

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DEGREE OF BURN
 First-degree burns are usually limited to redness
and minor pain at the site of injury. These burns
involve only the epidermis. Most sunburns can be
included as first degree burns.

 Second-degree burns manifest as erythema with

superficial blistering of the skin, and can involve
more or less pain depending on the level of nerve
involvement. Second-degree burns involve the
superficial (papillary) dermis and may also involve
the deep (reticular) dermis layer.

 Major second degree burn caused by contact with

boiling water.
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DEGREE OF BURN
 Third-degree burns occur when the epidermis is lost with
damage to the subcutaneous tissue. Burn victims will
exhibit charring and extreme damage of the epidermis
Third-degree burns result in scarring and victims will also
exhibit the loss of hair shafts and keratin. These burns may
require grafting.

 Fourth-degree burns damage muscle, tendon, and

ligament tissue, thus result in charring and catastrophic
damage of the hypodermis. In some instances the
hypodermis tissue may be partially or completely burned
away as well as this may result in a condition called
compartment syndrome, which threatens both the life and
the limb of the patient. Grafting is required if the burn does
not prove to be fatal.

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OSHA Says

Live electrical parts that an employee may be exposed

shall be de-energized unless additional or greater
hazards are introduced.

Employees working in areas where potential electrical

hazards exist shall be provided with and shall use
personal protective equipment.

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How Common is Arc Flash?

In the past, if someone suffered burns in a

electrical accident, people thought the burns
were caused by the electrical shock passing
through the body.
Electrical shocks can cause burns, but what
research has shown is that most burns from
electrical accidents actually come from the arc
flash.

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Warning Labels

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OSHA also SAYS

Employees shall be trained in, and

familiar with, the safety-related
work practices.

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What Does NFPA 70E Say?

 NFPA 70E, Part ll, 2-1.3.3

“A flash hazard analysis shall be done before
a person approaches any exposed electrical
conductor or circuit part that has not been
placed in any electrically safe work
condition”
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NEC 110.16

States Equipment must be

marked to warn qualified
persons of potential electrical
arc flash hazards.

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Arc – From
Arc Flash
welding

EXTREME TEMP. CONSTANT EXTREME TEMP. MOMENTARY

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Use Lock-out-tag-out

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CTA’s Procedures
General Safety Bulletin #3008 Revised May 2007

Employee working on the equipment

shall inform the foreman or supervisor
of the repair work being done and
assure the equipment is locked-out.
The foreman or supervisor must notify
all affected employees in the area.

No employee shall operate any

machine which has a lock-out or
warning tag affixed to it.

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Warning Labels

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Warning Labels

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PPE Clothing Requirements

Employees are Required to wear Flame

Resistant (FR) Clothing – PPE
The required level of clothing and
Personal Protection Depends on the
- Calculated incident Arc Energy
for
- The Specific Task

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Stop!
at this point and show the
Fluke meter video
presentation
On Introduction & Safety
Standards.
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Arc flash PPE Categories

Category 2 PPE
Untreated Cotton T-Shirt
Untreated Cotton Shirt
(long Sleeve)
FR shirt (Long Sleeve)
Untreated Cotton Pants
(Long)
FR Pants (Long)
Safety Glasses
Voltage Rated Gloves
Hard Hat

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Arc flash PPE Categories

Category 3
Untreated Cotton T-Shirt
Untreated Cotton Shirt
(Long Sleeve)
FR Shirt (Long Sleeve
Untreated Cotton Pants
(Long)
FR Pants (Long)
Voltage Rated Gloves
Safety Glasses
FR Hard Hat Liner
Hard Hat
Hearing Protection

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CTA PPE issued per department.
Technical Support
Signal Maintenance
Power Maintenance Substation
Power Maintenance Lineman

Category 2 Clothing Consist of: One set includes: 1 pant & 1 shirt
Each employee will receive one hazard category 2 outer wear coat
OR hazard category 2 coverall.

Category 4 PPE Outerwear consist of: 1 Short coat, 1 bib overall

and 1 hood with face shield.

CTA safety department did performed

an electrical safety Task analysis based on a Survey

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In Summary

OHSA & NFPA 70E require An Arc Flash Hazard

Analysis for proper PPE
New Requirement in NEC States that Arc Flash
warning Labels Be placed on Electrical Panels
and Switchboards.
IEEE 1584 is Preferred method for determining
Arc Flash Incident Energy & Arc Flash
Boundaries.
-Fault Study
-Coordination Study
-Determine Incident Arc Energy

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In Summary

1. What is an Arc Flash?

A sudden release of Heat and Energy
2. What does OSHA say about training?
Employee shall be trained in and familiar with safety-related work
practices.
3. Can a 7 ½ watt 120 volt cause a fatality.
Yes
4. Are there various Hazardous of categories
Yes –there are 4
5. Would it be unsafe to remove a lock-out-tag-out with a bolt cutters.
YES

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In Summary

6. Arc voltage and Arc Current can have the same damaging
result.
True
7. Wearing your Arc Flash PPE may help to reduce serious
injury.
True
8. Your responsibility as a CTA employee is to wear your PPE,
stay alert & focus, if you see something say something and
use Lock-out-tag-out
True
9. What does NFPA stand for
National Fire Protection Association
10. What’s the proper way to open breaker box

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What’s your responsibility

 Use and wear your PPE

 Always stay Alert & Focus

 If you see something wrong say

something
 Use Lock-out-tag-out

Most of all
Be safe!!!!
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