Site Safety Supervisor
Competency Course
Part VI(G) –
Occupational Safety Electrical Safety
1
OBJECTIVES
To enable the participants to:
◉ identify common hazards associated to electrical work,
◉ Identify relevant statutory requirements related to
electrical work
◉ identify control measures for identified hazards; and
◉ perform his/her duties as stipulated under Regulations
25, Factories & Machinery (Building Operations & Work
of Engineering Construction) (Safety), Regulations
1986.
2
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INTRODUCTION
Electricity cannot be seen, heard
and smelt
Electricity is common – everyday
part of life
People tend to forget the it
danger
It doesn’t take much electricity to
kill.
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INTRODUCTION
l!: Temporary installation – meant for use during
construction period.
l!: Permanent installation – meant for use by end
user after completion of construction works.
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY
TEMPORARY INSTALLATION
Different from permanent
installation.
Site conditions scarcely
conducive for planning a safe
distribution system.
Load requirements vary
considerably.
Wiring problems arise because runs
require re-routing or extension.
overall situation is hazardous.
5
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
PERMANENT INSTALLATION
Requires efficient and safe
testing and commissioning.
If neglected, may lead to unsafe
conditions and to the building
owner being involved in
additional and unnecessary
maintenance costs.
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY
ELECTRICAL COMPONENT
Includes:
Circuit
Conductor
Main switch, local and distributing board
Circuit breakers
Fuse
Socket and plug
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY
ELECTRICAL COMPONENT
Circuit
Where electric current flows
Provides the source of energy
Is complemented by use of a conductor to
allow control of current
Conductor -comprises of:
Internally: Metal which allows the flow of
electricity
Externally: Rubber – for insulation
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY
ELECTRICAL COMPONENT
Main switch,
Functions as a source of electric current and
distributes it to other parts according to requirements
Distributing board
It receives electric current externally before
distribution.
Circuit breakers
It has an automatic switch which retracts from the ‘on’
to ‘off’ position when there is an overload of electricity
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY
ELECTRICAL COMPONENT
Fuse
A piece of thin metal that will melt at a
level below overload level to break the
circuit and stops the flow of electricity
Socket and plug
Entry to the circuit and allows tapping
to let electricity flow to the equipment
requiring it.
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY
CAUSES OF ACCIDENT
Damaged insulation.
Inadequate system of work.
Inadequate over current protection
(fuses, circuit breakers).
Inadequate earthing.
Carelessness and complacency.
Overhead apparatus.
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY
CAUSES OF ACCIDENT
Earth leakage currents.
Loose contacts and connectors.
Inadequate ratings of circuit
components.
Unprotected connectors.
Poor maintenance and testing.
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY
HAZARD AND RISK-ELECTRICAL SHOCK
Electric shock, where the injury
results from the flow of
electricity through the body’s
nerves, muscle and organs and
causes abnormal function to
occur (the heart stop, etc.)
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY
HAZARD AND RISK- ELECTRICAL BURNS
Electrical burns resulting
from the heating effect of
the current which burns
body tissue.
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY
HAZARD AND RISK- ELECTRICAL FIRES & EXPLOSION
Electrical fires &
explosion caused by
overheating or arcing
apparatus in contact with
a fuel.
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STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
OSHA 94- General Duties of Employers
Sect. 15 (2)
Provide and maintain safe plant and
safe system of work and without risk to
health.
Make arrangements for safe use,
operation, handling, storage and
transportation of substances and plant.
Provide information, instruction, training
and supervision.
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STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
OSHA 94- General Duties of Employees
Sect. 24
Reasonable care for safety and
health of himself and others;
Cooperate with employer and others;
Wear and use PPE; and
Comply with instructions on OSH.
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STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
F & M (BOWEC) 1986, Part II, General Provisions
Check and examine for unsafe
conditions.
Post warning signs.
Advice workers of the hazards, risks
and control measures to be taken.
Unless protected, workers should not
be instructed to perform the task.
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STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
F & M (BOWEC) 1986, Part II, General Provisions
Workers working over suspected
underground services to be provided
with suitable PPE.
Wiring to be supported on proper
insulators and looped over nail or
brackets.
Do not leave wires on ground or
floors, unless made of weatherproof
type and protected.
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STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
F & M (BOWEC) 1986, Part II, General Provisions
Bare wire or unprotected conductors
to be 4m away from any workplace,
access or egress.
Equipment to be properly earthed.
Temporary installations to be
provided with circuit breaker (ELCB).
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STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
F & M (BOWEC) 1986, Part II, General Provisions
Clearance for elevated power lines –
5.2m from ground surface.
Installations for building & engineering
construction to comply with authorities
requirements.
Installation to be approved by Chief
Inspector before commissioned.
Installation to be maintained in good
and safe working order at all times.
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GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Temporary Installation
Organising & Planning
Good organisations and forward planning are essential for the
safe use of electricity.
Small scale installation - competent electrician.
Moderate or large size construction sites Installations - wider
and deeper knowledge of the engineering principles involved.
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GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Temporary Installation
Organising & Planning
Competent electrician as required
by relevant laws and regulations
must carry out all electrical
installation.
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GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Temporary Installation
Distribution Box
Weatherproof type.
Positioned and arranged to
minimise movement and long
lay of circuits.
Protected from interferences or
unauthorised operation.
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GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Temporary Installation
Distribution Box
Large enough to accommodate all
the necessary apparatus required.
Each circuit should be clearly
labelled and circuit diagram should
be located at each board.
Should be earthed
25
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Temporary Installation
Connection
Plugs, socket-outlets and
couplers for AC and DC supplies
must be of suitable made and
weather proof and of approved
types.
Damaged and faulty connectors
should be replaced and removed
immediately.
26
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Temporary Installation
Cable/Wire Layout
Overhead cables should be of a
robust and approved type.
Sited as to present the minimum of
obstruction on the site and to avoid
danger and breakdown.
Never looped the cables on nails and
steel brackets.
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GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Temporary Installation
Cable/Wire Layout Underground cables to be buried at
a safe depth and their routes clearly
marked both on the sites and site
plans.
Distribution cables should be
arranged as to prevent the need for
long trailing cables.
If laid on ground and floors they
should be protected from moving
vehicles and plant.
28
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Temporary Installation
Water & Electricity
DO NOT GO
TOGETHER
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Temporary Installation
Safe System of Work (LOTO)
Cl When working with electrical circuits and
apparatus, the supply should be switched
and locked off, apparatus should be
checked to ensure it is ‘dead’.
Cl Permit-to-work and lock-out tag-out system
should be established and implemented in
high risk situations.
Cl Records on permit issued, cancellation,
etc. must be maintained.
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GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Temporary Installation
Operation & Maintenance
� All electrical installations must be
properly earthed and provided with
approved type earth leakage circuit
breaker (ELCB).
� The installations must be properly
maintained to ensure safe utilisation.
� Inspection, test and maintenance
must be carried out by competent
electrician on a routine basis.
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GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
PERMENANT INSTALLATION
a All permanent installation must
comply with the approved
design and statutory
requirements.
a Testing and commissioning
should be approved by the
authorities.
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