WEST YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING

Year Fourth Year (2021-2022)

Subject EP-31021 (Electrical Machines and Opeartion I)
Title Torque-speed characteristics of DC machine

Submitted by
Name ………………………………………………..
Roll No ………………………………………………..
Date ………………………………………………..

Prepared By: Approved By:

Prepared Date: Approved Date:
Experiment (1)
Torque-speed Characteristics of AC Machine
1.1. Objective
 To study operation of AC machine.
 To study the torque and speed characteristics of AC machine.

1.2. Required Equipment:

No Name Qty
1 COM3 LAB, Electrical Machine I (7002501) 1
2 Master Unit 1
3 Computer 1
4 Connection Wire

1.3. Synchronous machine

The synchronous machine is an induction machine whose rotor always turns at a perfectly
constant speed under a load. The synchronous machine’s synchronous speed is determined by the
stator values, frequency f and the number of pole pair p.

Figure (1) Synchronous machine

The COM 3 course, the three coils Z 1, Z2 and Z3 physically displaced from each other by
120, form machine’s stator. An alternator supplies electric energy to the stator coils, which
generate a magnetic field at the center of the coil axes. An enclosed compass needle functions as a
rotor in the rotating field.

Figure (2) Stator and Rotor of machine in COM 3 Lab

1.4. Synchronous machine with variable speed
Synchronous machine has a hard time starting up on their own because of their high
moment of inertia. In this experiment, run the synchronous machine first by itself and then using
the synchronous start. This frequency is slowly accelerated.
Procedure:
 Connect the circuit as shown in Article (5.5.2)
 By using EM1 and select synchronous machine.
 Supply three phase generator voltage, (say 1 V). The applied frequency can be changed in
required magnitude and direction. The rotating field indicator express the direction of
magnetic in stator and the rotor which is enclosed compass needle rotate as stator field
direction.

Figure (2) Figure for Article (5.5.2)

1.5. Induction Machine

The asynchronous machine (Induction) works according to the law of induction and
therefor obeys Lenz’s law. The asynchronous machine’s rotor starts turning in the direction of
stator rotating field. As the rotor’s speed rises, the induction process decreases in intensity.
The induction machine can be considered as an exception to three phase transformers with
rotatable secondary winding. The equivalent circuit of induction machine is shown in Figure (3).

Figure (3) Equivalent circuit of Induction machine

1.6. Star-Delta Starting of Induction motor

In delta connection, line current and torque are higher by a factor of 3 than in star
connection. In star-delta start, therefore, the machine starts in star connection and switches to
delta only after the ramp-up. The current, torque and power are then only 1/3 of the rating upon
starting the machine.
The following experiment describes the current and torque changes when switching from
star to delta.
Procedure:
 Connect the circuit as shown article (6.6.2)
 Open EM1, select induction machine. Set applied voltage 3V and frequency 50 Hz.
 The multichannel oscilloscope’s ammeters show the effective phase currents in the stator
winding.
 Use the MTS to measure the torque that appears on the induction motor
 By setting Y connection firstly and then change to  connection, fill the result in following
table.

Figure (4) Figure for Article (6.6.2)

Fill the result

M/mNm Iu/mA Iv/mA Iw/mA
Y

Y/

Torque-speed characteristics of Induction motor

Starting torque MA = the starting toque is the torque generated by the machine at stand-still.
Nominal torque MN = the torque that puts a machine into nominal operation called the nominal
torque.
Breakdown torque MK = the breakdown torque designates an induction machine is maximum
reachable torque.
Until the breakdown torque, the induction machine functions in the stable characteristics
range, potentially with an overload. After crossing the breakdown torque, the induction machine
stops independently.
Figure (5) Torque-speed characteristics curve
The induction motor’s torque-speed characteristics depend on the machine’s temperature
for the breakdown slip and breakdown torque parameters. Measurement should therefore always
be conducted on the machine at operating temperature. The breakdown slip sk is a function of the
temperature with winding resistance R2
sk(T) = sk (T0) (1+T)
Where temperature coefficient for copper,  = 3.9310-3/K
Temperature T in K
A temperature increase of the windings by T =50 K increases the rotor resistance R2
along with the breakdown slip by approximately 20%. The warm Induction machine therefore tilts
under a load at a lower speed than the cold induction machine. Increasing the temperature also
increases the stator resistance R1.
Procedure:
 Connect the circuit as shown in article (6.8.2).
 Open EMI and select induction machine. Set applied voltage to 3V and frequency to 50
Hz.
 Use the MTS to measure n0, nk, Mk, MA that appears on the induction motor with both
connection of Y and .
 By using the measured values, calculate the parameter needed in result table.

Figure (6) Figure for article (6.8.2)

n1 = synchronous speed at 50Hz and pole pair =1 (number of pole =2)
n1−n 0
s0 = ideal slip =
n1
n1−n k
sk = breakdown slip =
n1
2 π M k nk
Pm = mechanical power at sk =
60
Result Table

n0/ rpm nk/ rpm Mk/ mNm MA/ mNm

n1/ rpm s0 sk Pm/ W