Name-Isiyomshu

Reg. No.- 22 10\s003

Raj
BCA'A

9nthoduction to ¬nvindnmental Studiu, Ecosystem X

Natunal Resouhcu

Q) Descaibe Multidisciblim os mutune of fmvihomm tntal Science

its soþe

Ans,- Envihommental studis is multidisci plimasy

it COmþAi ses Vasibus bAqcheg of beca use
studta ike chtmisthy,
physics, medidl sciem ce, ife science,aqkicultUse and þuslic
heal th. 9f is fhe science 0f physical pheno me Da in the
[Link] mental Studiu deoda with eVesg issue that
affects an 0hgamism
Q2) Defime Sustaimable Develoþmtnts with 6thaegis and goas
Ans- Sustin able dtveloþment hoy beem defimed in many ways,
but fhe most fe quently qUoted de fimitlon is fim
OUs Com mm futvne, also kno un 4 the B&undtl am d
Re þost:"Sustu'ingble developmemt is develob ment that
mee ts the meeda of the aegent without (Ombso mising
the ability of futune genations to met theis

amd mþktamce
9 of EmviD 0nmental Scitnce,
Q3) Scope
encombatses a wtde
At- The field of lnvinommemtal studiu
Ange of scoþes , whi ch ase noft only im þO% tant fo%
childhen but alo fon individvads 0f all ages. Th se
Zcops coan be su mm Aised as follows:
) ReoVA ce Awas enUA iv) Dis astts Repasednus
V) Decisiom- Making
it) Eco logical Undastmtiy vi) Social 9s5veg
it) Bio dvexity
+) 9mpohtom ce of fn vikonmental Studies
Emvihom mntal Studiee haise a Whgtm els about the
imhotamce of safegusding md conseu ing oUAcaiticd
wll as the debnt tal elftcts of þollotion bmplantt,
the
Pmvikommtnt, Challen ges sttmmin fsom bopulaffon g,0u/th,
mdurthiali sation 0md othe facto have mode the tagk
of sUsvival incseboimg ly &tffholt.
Defni tibn- An ecosysttm is a Atog% ahic asea whee Mrnts
plants, aninals , amd othea oh0mts m, O4 well ou weath u and
Imdscahe, woNk togethtA to fom a bubble of lift ,
t)sthuctuke amd ComhUntnts of Etosysttm:
Stauctuse of Etosycttn : The sthvctune of an ecosysttm is
made of tw0 main Comþoments biotic and abiotic comontn ts,
The bio tic comþ onent intiiacts uwith the a biotte com pom nts to
maimtaim the fluw of [Link] tnugy is diststbuted in
the emvihomment.
’ food chaßn - A fo0d chaim explains which ohgamísm eats (nothe,
Oh ganism in the hviA0nment,The food chain ís a lineas
taamsfue
Seqvence 0f Ohgqnisms wht5e muthien ts amd enesg is
OAgamism to the othe,
+> fuod web: Sevual inteCOmmected food chatms foxm a food web.
A food web io similog to a foo d chain but the foo d
web is Comhakati ve iy Iusges tham a food chatn
Aelattve am0Unts of vasious
+) Ecologi cad Py áamids - 3t show the
þosa me tus (Sych as numbe of O59amisms , enugy nd biopmags)
hamids can als t be called
aC5055 tho}hic leveu, écotogical by
+> Tyes of Ecosystem with
eXambleu
i) Tess esthiol Elosys tem - TU
esthial ecos ystems as e found 0n land.
EXambles imclude Ahas
lam di ike the Afaic an
foheats ai ke the Taiga, amd deuests tke SavamD a,
the sahasa.
1) Aquatic Ecosystem - Aquafic Ecosystems exrttt exist in
Wates emvihommen ts .Examplee incl ude oceams
Pacific, fhesh wat es ecosystems ike the AnazonAikeRiva,
the
amd
estuaies ike the Cheasptake Bay.
t> &c osystem Savices - Ecosystem Savica ane
dinect amd indiset comtaibutioms of defimed as the
Nel -beimg md haye am ecosystems to bumqn
impact on out sUkvi val
ad
quality of ife,
Qs)Ecokogtcod Sucuston- 9t is ht þAoCess 0f
thot make vp am ecolqica Com mu nitychange in the shecis
hocesA 0f SUCCessiom oCUA eithes afte theove tnitial
timt, The
Co loni zadi om 0f a me wly ceate d habitat , 0s afta a
distsitt distusbane substémtialy altes a ae-existimg
habitat
+7 Types of Ecoiogical Succeutom -
") These ae two majo% types of
ecokogical cuccessi ont himasy
SUcCessi0n and secOnd asy SU(C esion
+) Condttom 0f Ecoiog icad Succesi on
Ecokogical Sucucton kefus to the }A0cess of 4% adu al,
natusal chamgu m o ec0system ovey fime. Paimasy
SyccssioN 0CCUS in an lntisely mtw habitot, Kike aftes
a volcanic euption, twhile secondany syccaston follous a
distUsbamce, svch as a fonest fine. Comditions i ke soil
de ve lopment, cimate , and available shecis influence the
þaoghuion
t7 Stags qmd Psocesses with Exam hles:
The sS stagu 0f SUcceag iom ase Nudation, 9nv asi 0n,
(brehetitiom amd (0 -ction , Reaction , and Cimx
ClimaX 0
Stabiliz afibn, At the san e location, a su cces&ion Of
biotic ComUmifies matuh ally emea Qe3 0ne afte
0nothex Um| the climax stage is eached. n theis
Qasly staqel , biotic COmnynitte develop siowiy. But o 1
Phogh uses, the shecd 9had vally þick up.
) FOs exXam þle, afta a Volcomic euption , MoUnt stiHelens
Undes went þsfasy sUCCession whíle a clease d foheyt might
exhesience secondesy svcession .
Q6)Remewab le on d Non-Reoewable NatuAal RuoUscus: Thexe ose two
typs of nat usnl nes0URCs, The fist Ae Aemt wable matuzal
hesOUs Cea. They ane caled AeNe uable because they Cam ghow agatn
mevs hun out, Ihe second aje called mom Aem ewable atunal ne0UA CH,
These O8e thimgs fhat Can Aun ouf os be Used up,
)Descsi be motuxal a soUACS with folowimg heading:
i) Typ;Natu,al Aes0 UACO include Aene wab le (e.9., sunlight, wimd ,fox ests) and
nm-Ameuablele.g fosi fucs, m
imaaa) categoste.
)Availabilkty: Vasiu baged on geogaachi cal locati on; some aseas ase hich in
Cataim Aea0UNC3 while ofh ee ae s(asce .
i) Use and Ovexuse : Utilized for emtsg, Aaw ma taiat, amd mOAt, bvause,
es pecialy of mon -hentwabls, Cam ltad to de plefißn and enu'sonmontal
dumage.
iv) Demeatts: Oveu-exloitatiowabls can Atsult in habitat dstsucton, þollution avd
ase finite and contst bute to yi onmemtal
climate chage; non-&ene
deg hadotion. (onseuvtiom MtasuAes: C0ncUn include
(on (thn an
v) envihoOn mental pollutiom,
d
change . Co msevation in volvy
and cl{mate
de fonestoti on, actica, afforutafiom , amd thansitio ing to
SUstaimable envihometal mpact,
soUyces to mimimize
Aeme wable eneugy