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Oring PDF

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Dichtomatik O-Ring Handbook

THE DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

Editor: Dan Visscher

Assistant Editor: Matt Gadlage

Design: William Leidenthal

Special thanks to the Dichtomatik associates and customers who offered their assistance and
expertise in the creation of this handbook.

Dichtomatik North America

47690 East Anchor Court, Plymouth, MI 48170
TEL (734) 354-5555 FAX (734) 254-0934
TranscomDichtomatik Nu-SealsDichtomatik
3451 West Burnsville Parkway, Burnsville, MN 55337 34 Zaca Lane, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
TEL (800) 328-2840 FAX (952) 894-1588 TEL (805) 546-9600 FAX (805) 546-0234
1-800-328-2840 Dichtomatik Canada
Dichtomatik Nevada 950 Denison Street #21, Markham, Ontario, Canada L3R3K5
1111 Mary Crest Road Suite A, Henderson, NV 89074 TEL (905) 470-2266 FAX (905) 470-2055
TEL (702) 312-2828 FAX (702) 312-2841 Dichtomatik de Mexico
Dichtomatik Virginia Privada de los Misterios No. 161, Quertaro, Qro. 7620, Mxico
37307 East Richardson Lane, Purcellville, VA 20132 TEL (442) 2-23-82-37 FAX (442) 2-13-52-24
TEL (540) 338-1862 FAX (540) 338-1867

www.dichtomatik.us
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT

Dear Customers and Friends of Dichtomatik,

In our continuous effort to improve our service to you, we have created this O-Ring Handbook. There are many
unique features that can help you select the right Dichtomatik o-ring seal for your application:

Size listings for the seven dominant international o-ring standards.

A master size list sorted by cross-section and inside diameter for locating a particular size, with a
cross reference to the size standard.

Chemical compatibility guide with more than 1,100 chemical media and 15 elastomer groups.

A pictorial o-ring trouble-shooting guide, and many more features.

With our new family members TranscomDichtomatik and Nu-SealsDichtomatik we have organized
Dichtomatik North America to become your true One-Stop Shop for sealing products. We now offer a broad
variety of products including:

Oil Seals

O-Rings

Hydraulic and Fluid Power Seals

Custom Molded Seals and Parts

Please see Section 8 of this handbook for more details, or call one of our service centers for information on our
competitively priced quality sealing products.

We will continue to work hard in serving you in line with our motto Any Seal. Any Time.
Kind Regards,

Jorg Schneewind

President

Please contact Matt Gadlage for additional copies of this handbook, for Dichtomatik o-ring price lists or to offer
comments and suggestions.

Call Matt at (734) 354-5552 (9 am5 pm ET, MF) or email: [email protected]

2
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
HANDBOOK CONTENTS

TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S

1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5. CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY GUIDE . . . . . . 141

What is an o-ring? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6. O-RING QUALITY ASSURANCE . . . . . . . . 177
What is an o-ring seal? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Manufacturing quality systems . . . . . . . . . . . 178
O-ring seal types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Surface quality standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Handbook organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
O-ring shelf life guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

2. O-RING GLAND DESIGN GUIDELINES . . . . . 11

7. O-RING TROUBLESHOOTING &
Seal types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 FAILURE ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Gland dimension calculations . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Extrusion or nibbling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188
O-ring dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Over-compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
Selecting an o-ring cross-section . . . . . . . . . . .14
Heat hardening/thermal degradation . . . . . .189
ID/OD interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Spiral failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Reduction in cross-section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Chemical degradation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Compression squeeze & compression ratio . . .16
Explosive decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Gland fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Abrasion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Extrusion gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Plasticizer extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Back-up rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Installation damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Additional groove details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Weathering/ozone cracking . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8. DICHTOMATIK NORTH AMERICA
3. GLOBAL O-RING SIZE REFERENCE . . . . . . . 23
PRODUCT OFFERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Introduction to o-ring size standards . . . . . . . . 24
O-rings & related sealing products . . . . . . . . 196
AS568 size listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Fluid power sealing products . . . . . . . . . . . 198
ISO 3601 size listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Radial shaft seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
DIN 3771 size listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Custom molded products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
BS 4518 size listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Other products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
BS 1806 size listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
JIS B 2401 size listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 9. TECHNICAL REFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
NF T47-501 size listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Unit conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Master listing of standard sizes . . . . . . . . . . 116 Common sealing industry abbreviations . . . . 214
Glossary of o-ring related terms . . . . . . . . . . 215
4. O-RING SEALING ELASTOMERS . . . . . . . 131
Elastomer basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Elastomer types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Standard Dichtomatik o-ring elastomers . . . . 133
Elastomer type details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
O-ring lubrication options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Industrial approvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Elastomer testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
ASTM D2000 primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

3
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
D I C H T O M AT I K N O R T H A M E R I C A

T H E D I C H T O M A T I K F A M I LY

Dichtomatik North America Dichtomatik Canada

Plymouth, Michigan Markham, Ontario
Dichtomatik N.A. All Product Lines
Headquarters Regionally Focused
Automotive Sales Office Inventory

Dichtomatik
Henderson, Nevada
Spliced O-Rings
Cord
TranscomDichtomatik
Burnsville, Minnesota
Oil Seals
Dichtomatik
Purcellville, Virginia
O-RingsEast

Nu-SealsDichtomatik
San Luis Obispo, California
Fluid Power Seals
Custom Molded Seals
O-RingsWest
Oil Seals

Dichtomatik de Mexico
Quertaro, Mexico
All Product Lines
Complete Inventory

OUR MISSION
Become the preferred One-Stop Shop for sealing products in North America by offering the broadest line of
quality products combined with the best service and availability in the industry.

OUR GOAL
Any Seal. Any Time.

4
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
THE O-RING HANDBOOK QUICK INDEX

USING THE QUICK INDEX

To quickly access certain reference sections in the Dichtomatik O-Ring Handbook, locate the section title below, fan
the pages of the handbook and turn to the section with edge markings that line up with the section title.

The AS568 Sizes, Master Size List and Chemical Compatibility Guide sections are indicated in red so that they can
be found even more easily.

O-Ring Gland Design

AS568 Sizes

ISO 3601 Sizes

DIN 3771 Sizes

BS 4518 Sizes

BS 1806 Sizes

JIS B 2401 Sizes

NF T47-501 Sizes

Master Size List

Sealing Elastomers

Chemical Compatibility Guide

Surface Quality Standards

O-Ring Troubleshooting

Unit Conversions

5
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

6
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

INTRODUCTION TO THE O-RING HANDBOOK

SECTION ONE
INTRODUCTION TO THE O-RING HANDBOOK

What Is an O-Ring?

What Is an O-Ring Seal?

O-Ring Seal Types

Organization of the Dichtomatik O-Ring Handbook

1
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O T H E D I C H T O M AT I K O - R I N G H A N D B O O K

W H AT I S A N O - R I N G ?

From a sealing standpoint, two characteristics make an o-ring

an o-ringthe shape and the material of construction. ID
The shape is a circular torus or doughnut-shaped ring (see
diagram at right). As can be seen, only two of the three
primary dimensionsthe inner diameter (ID), the outer diameter
(OD) and the cross-section (CS)are required to completely
specify the size of an o-ring. CS
OD
The materials used in o-rings for sealing are elastomers.
Elastomers are synthetic or natural materials with resilience or
memory sufficient to return to their original shape after a major or minor distortion. Other materials, such as PTFE,
nylon or even metal, can be fashioned into the circular torus shape, but for the purposes of this book, the term o-ring
will only be used to describe an elastomeric circular torus.

W H AT I S A N O - R I N G S E A L ?

An o-ring seal has two basic components:

O-Ring Sealing
The o-ring

The enclosed space that both compresses and

contains the o-ring Compression

The compression (or more accurately the deformation) of the

o-ring provides part of the sealing function. An additional
sealing function is realized when the o-ring is activated by the
pressure of the gas or liquid that the o-ring serves to contain.

The containment ensures that the sealing function is maintained

by keeping the o-ring where it needs to be. Pressure
Activation

8
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

O-RING SEAL TYPES

The majority of o-ring seals can be categorized into one of the three following physical arrangements.

Male Gland Seal Female Gland Seal

For male gland seals, an o-ring is installed in a groove that is machined With female gland seals, an o-ring is first installed into a groove that
into the OD of the piston. The piston and the installed o-ring are then is machined into the ID of the bore. The rod is then inserted into the
inserted into the bore. The o-ring seals radially. bore through the o-ring. The o-ring seals radially.

Face Seal

For face seals, an o-ring is installed in a groove that is machined into a

flat face around a hole. A second flat face then seals against the o-ring.
The o-ring seals axially.

Other arrangements, such as triangular seals (see diagram below) or variations on the above three arrangements with
dovetail or half-dovetail grooves, are encountered but are much less common. For technical assistance with any of
these alternate arrangements, please contact Dichtomatik North America.

Triangular Seal

9
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O T H E D I C H T O M AT I K O - R I N G H A N D B O O K

HOW THIS HANDBOOK IS ORGANIZED

The remainder of this handbook is divided into these eight sections:

Section 2O-Ring Gland Design Guidelines
Section Two covers basic o-ring seal design guidelines for male gland, female gland and face o-ring seals. This
section should serve as an excellent starting point for adding an o-ring seal to an application.
Section 3Global O-Ring Size Reference Guide
Inch and metric dimensions with tolerances for most major, global o-ring size standards can be found in Section Three.
O-rings can be supplied in most of these sizes without a tooling charge. Dichtomatik is also tooled on a large
number of non-standard sizes and can certainly make a tool for any size that is required, usually for a very modest
tooling charge.
Section 4O-Ring Sealing Elastomers
This section offers a very brief introduction to the world of sealing elastomers. Volumes have been written on
elastomers and new materials are constantly being developed. This section is intended to cover just the basics. For
further assistance in selecting an elastomer for your application, please contact Dichtomatik North America.
Section 5Chemical Compatibility Guide
Section Five offers ratings for several elastomer families when in contact with the listed chemicals and fluids. There is
sometimes a great deal of variation in terms of chemical compatibility within an elastomer family, but this guide will
serve as a good starting point.
Section 6 Quality Assurance
The quality assurance section deals mostly with surface quality defect standards for o-rings. It also touches on manu-
facturing quality systems and storage and shelf life recommendations.
Section 7Troubleshooting & Failure Analysis
Occasionally, problems with an o-ring seal will arise. Section Seven provides an overview of the most common o-ring
failure modes and offers possible causes and solutions for each.
Section 8 Other Related Products
Dichtomatik North America can supply a great deal more than o-rings. Section Eight provides an overview of most
of the other product lines that are available. Make Dichtomatik your One-Stop Shop for all of your sealing needs.
Section 9 Technical Reference
Section Nine contains several technical resources that may be useful when dealing with sealing applications.

IMPORTANT NOTE: The information contained in this guide has been accumulated from several industry publications
and authorities. At the time of publication all data was accurate to the best of our knowledge. It is the customers
responsibility to verify the accuracy and applicability of all data relevant to the particular application. Additionally, we
strongly recommend that the selected seal be tested rigorously in the actual application prior to any production use.

10
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

O-RING GLAND DESIGN GUIDELINES

SECTION TWO
O-RING GLAND DESIGN GUIDELINES

O-Ring Seal Types

Gland Dimension Calculations

O-Ring Dimensions

Selecting an O-Ring Cross-Section

ID/OD Interference
Reduction in Cross-Section

Compression Squeeze and Compression Ratio

Gland Fill

Extrusion

Back-Up Rings

Additional Groove Details

Installation

2
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
O-RING GLAND DESIGN GUIDELINES

THE 0-RING DESIGN GUIDE

This o-ring gland design guide is intended for use in specifying o-ring and gland dimensions for static applications
with pressures up to 1500 PSI. For dynamic applications and for pressure greater than 1500 PSI, please contact
Dichtomatik North America.

The guidelines are for the nominal condition. The minimum and maximum stack-up conditions should also be checked.
This entails evaluating the seal design dimensionally with the largest possible o-ring in the smallest possible gland and
the smallest possible o-ring in the largest possible gland.

EXAMPLE: Consider an o-ring with a 1.780.08 mm cross-section and a radial o-ring gland with a 1.520.10 mm
height. The formula for compression ratio (which will be introduced in this guide) is as follows.

Compression Ratio Calculation

O-Ring CS Gland Height
Compression Ratio =
O-Ring CS x

The acceptable range is 5% to 30%.

Using the nominal values for the compression ratio yields the following result:

Compression ratio at nominal conditions:

1.78 mm 1.52 mm
= 14.6% compression
1.78 mm x

A compression ratio of 14.6% falls within the acceptable range, so based on the nominal measurements, the
design is good. Next we need to check the maximum and minimum conditions. The maximum compression ratio
occurs when the largest o-ring is in the smallest gland. This calculation is as follows:

Largest possible o-ring in smallest possible gland:

1.86 mm 1.42 mm
= 23.7% compression
1.86 mm x

We then check the minimum compression ratio which occurs with the smallest o-ring in the largest gland. This
calculation is as follows:

Smallest possible o-ring in largest possible gland:

1.70 mm 1.62 mm
= 4.7% compression
1.70 mm x

With this design the maximum compression ratio is 23.7% which is within the recommended range. However,
the minimum compression ratio is only 4.7% which is not within the acceptable range. In this situation, the design
should be modified to ensure that the minimum compression ratio is within the acceptable range or testing should
be completed at this minimum condition to ensure that the seal will perform as required.

Throughout this reference guide the term compression is used to describe what happens to the o-ring. Since
elastomers are essentially incompressible, the technically correct term would be deformation. Compression is used
as the more common terminology in the sealing industry.

NOTE: It is critical to remember that most sealing applications are unique. Textbook guidelines regarding o-ring gland
design are no substitute for actually testing the components and the seals in their real-world conditions to determine
if the design is optimal and, more importantly, safe.

12
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

O-RING SEAL TYPES

Most static o-ring seals are one of the three types shown below. In the male gland seal the groove for the o-ring is
machined into the piston (the part that is inserted into the bore) and that part with the o-ring installed on it is inserted
into the bore. The o-ring seals radially. In the female gland seal the groove for the o-ring is machined into the bore
and a smooth rod is inserted through the installed o-ring. As with the male gland seal, the o-ring seals radially. For
the face seal, the groove is machined into the face that is perpendicular to the piston or rod. The o-ring seals axially.

The variable names presented in these diagrams are used throughout the design guide.

Male Gland Seal Female Gland Seal Face Seal

Width Width Height

Width

Bore Bore

Gland Piston Gland Rod Gland ID Gland OD

G L A N D D I M E N S I O N C A L C U L AT I O N S

Although each physical arrangement is different, each involves the o-ring being
Gland Dimensions
captured in a rectangular gland which has two sets of opposing surfaces.

1. The first set of opposing surfaces is sealing surfaces, in that the distance Height
between them, the gland height, is less than the o-ring cross-section (CS) so that
the installed o-ring is compressed resulting in a sealing force.

2. The second set of opposing surfaces is containing surfaces, in that the Width
distance between them, the gland width, is larger than the o-ring cross-section
Sealing
so that they only serve to keep the o-ring in place.
Surfaces
Gland height and width are used for compression and fill calculations. The
Containment
formulas for calculating these gland dimensions for male gland, female gland
Surfaces
and face seals are shown below.

Male Gland Seal Female Gland Seal Face Seal

Bore Gland Gland Rod Height = Height
Height = Height =
2 x 2 x Gland OD Gland ID
Width =
Width = Width Width = Width 2 x

13
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
O-RING GLAND DESIGN GUIDELINES

O-RING DIMENSIONS

Dimensionally specifying an o-ring is typically done with just two dimensions, the inner diameter (ID) and the cross-
section (CS). Occasionally, an o-ring may be specified with an outer diameter (OD) and cross-section or an inner
diameter and outer diameter. If two of the three dimensions are known, the third can be calculated using the formulas
shown below.

O-Ring Dimensions O-Ring Dimension Calculations

OD = ID + (2 x CS)
ID = OD (2 x CS)
OD ID
CS =
OD ID CS 2 x
A A

Section A-A

SELECTING AN O-RING CROSS SECTION

Whereas the ID or OD of the o-ring for a design is significantly influenced by the diameter of the mating components
(piston/rod and bore), the cross-section of the o-ring is usually fairly arbitrary. The following table describes some of
the advantages when opting for a small cross-section or a large cross-section.

Advantages of Smaller Cross-Section Advantages of Larger Cross-Section

More compact. Less prone to compression set.

Lighter weight. Less volume swell in liquidon percentage
Less expensive especially for higher cost basis.
elastomers like FKM or fluorosilicone. Allows for larger tolerances while still main-
Less machining required for machined grooves taining acceptable compression squeeze and
since grooves are smaller. compression ratio over full stack-up range.

More resistant to explosive decompression. Less prone to leakage due to contamination

dirt, lint, scratches, etc.

ID/OD INTERFERENCE

The ID or OD of the o-ring should be chosen to minimize the potential for installation damage and to minimize wear
during use. This can be accomplished by adhering to the following guidelines.

For male gland seals the ID of the o-ring should be smaller than the OD of the gland so that the installed o-ring
is always slightly stretched. As with all o-ring design calculations, this should be checked at the maximum and
minimum stack-up conditions.

For female gland seals the OD of the o-ring should be slightly larger than the ID of the gland so there is always
some interference.

continued next page

14
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

ID/OD INTERFERENCE continued

For external pressure face seals the ID of the o-ring should be slightly smaller than the gland inner diameter
(Gland ID) so when the pressure is applied, the o-ring is already where it would be as a result of the pressure.

For internal pressure face seals the OD of the o-ring should be slightly larger than the gland outer diameter (Gland
OD) so when the pressure is applied, the o-ring is already where it would be as a result of the pressure.

Male Gland Seal External Pressure Face Seal

Gland ID Gland ID ID
Interference = Interference =
ID x ID x
Maximum = 5% Minimum = 0% Maximum = 5% Minimum = 0%

Female Gland Seal Internal Pressure Face Seal

OD Gland OD Gland OD
Interference = Interference =
OD x OD x
Maximum = 2% Minimum = 0% Maximum = 3% Minimum = 0%

REDUCTION IN CROSS-SECTION

Since elastomers are essentially incompressible materials, if the ID of the o-ring is stretched (as a result of ID interfer-
ence), the cross-section of the o-ring will decrease. The following tables give the o-ring cross-sections that result from
ID interference. The new cross-section should be used for all compression and gland fill calculations.

The impact of OD interference on the o-ring cross-section varies and does not require design considerations.

For reference purposes the equation for the volume of an o-ring is as follows.

O-Ring Volume

Volume =
2 x CS 2 x [ID + CS]
4x

AS568 Original Cross-Section Reduced Cross-Section at

Series in Inches % ID Interference (inches)

1% 2% 3% 4% 5%

- 0XX* 0.070 in. .069 .069 .068 .068 .068

-1XX 0.103 in. .102 .101 .100 .100 .100

-2XX 0.139 in. .138 .137 .136 .135 .134

-3XX 0.210 in. .208 .206 .205 .204 .203

-4XX 0.275 in. .272 .270 .268 .267 .266

*Except for -001, -002 and -003 sizes.

continued next page

15
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
O-RING GLAND DESIGN GUIDELINES

REDUCTION IN CROSS-SECTION continued

AS568 Original Cross-Section Reduced Cross-Section at

Series in Millimeters % ID Interference (mm)

1% 2% 3% 4% 5%

-0XX* 1.78 mm 1.76 1.75 1.74 1.73 1.72

-1XX 2.62 mm 2.59 2.57 2.56 2.55 2.53

-2XX 3.53 mm 3.49 3.47 3.44 3.43 3.41

-3XX 5.33 mm 5.28 5.24 5.20 5.18 5.15

-4XX 6.99 mm 6.92 6.87 6.82 6.79 6.75

*Except for -001, -002 and -003 sizes.

COMPRESSION SQUEEZE & COMPRESSION RATIO

An elastomer is defined as a synthetic or natural material with resilience or memory sufficient to return to its original
shape after a major or minor distortion. This resilience of elastomers is what makes o-rings work as seals. The design
parameters that ensure this resilience is properly used and will probably have the biggest impact on o-ring sealing
performance are compression squeeze and compression ratio.

Compression squeeze is the difference between the original o-ring cross-section (CS) and the gland height (Height)
and is expressed in either inches or millimeters. Since almost all elastomers quickly take a 100% compression set with
very light squeeze, it is essential that a minimum compression squeeze of 0.1mm (0.005 inches) be maintained.

Compression Squeeze Calculation

Compression Squeeze = CS* Height
Compression Squeeze

Recommended Minimum Value

CS Height Compression Squeeze > 0.1 mm (0.005 in)

* Note: Be sure to use the reduced cross-section in

this calculation.

Compression ratio expresses what percentage the compression squeeze is of the uncompressed o-ring cross-section.

Compression Ratio Calculation

Compression Squeeze Compression Squeeze
Compression Ratio = x 100
CS x
X%
Recommended Value
100% See Table

continued next page

16
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

COMPRESSION SQUEEZE & RATIO c o n t i n u e d

The compression ratio recommendations are for static sealing applications. Most dynamic sealing applications would
use tighter tolerances on the mating components and then target a compression ratio range in the lower half of the
static sealing recommended range (5% to 20%). The lighter compression squeeze is recommended due to friction and
wear considerations.

Male or Female Gland Seal Face Seal

Minimum 5% Target 20% Maximum 30% Minimum 10% Target 25% Maximum 35%

GLAND FILL

Gland fill is the percentage of the gland that is occupied by the o-ring. It is calculated by dividing the cross-sectional
area of the o-ring by the cross-sectional area of the gland.
Calculations

O-Ring Cross-Sectional Area Gland Cross-Sectional Area Gland Fill

O-Ring CSA
Gland Fill (%) = x 100
Gland CSAx
CS Height

Width
2
CS
O-Ring CSA = x Gland CSA = Height x Width
2x

The following target gland fill recommendations take into account several hardware and o-ring related factors including
but not limited to thermal expansion, volume swell due to fluid exposure and the effect of tolerance stack-ups.

Recommended Values

Minimum 50% Target Minimum 65% Target 75% Target Maximum 85% Maximum 90%

EXTRUSION GAP

Extrusion is a concern for radial seals where there is a gap between the piston and the bore for a male gland seal
or between the rod and the bore for a female gland seal. Extrusion is not a concern for face seals where the metal
parts to be sealed are typically in line-to-line contact. The concern is that at higher pressures, especially for softer
o-ring elastomers, the o-ring can be forced by the pressure into the small gap between the piston or rod and the bore.
Unless the bore and the piston or rod are ensured to remain concentric by the hardware, we have to assume that all
of the gap possible can shift to one side (see diagram next page).

continued next page

17
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
O-RING GLAND DESIGN GUIDELINES

EXTRUSION GAP continued

Male Gland Seal Female Gland Seal

Extrusion Gap = Bore Piston Extrusion Gap = Bore Rod

Extrusion Concentricity & Diametric Clearance

The following table indicates the maximum

recommended total diametric clearance for
a given system pressure and elastomer
hardness. For pressures or hardness values
between those listed in the table, either
interpolate to determine the value or use the
next higher pressure and the next lower
durometer.

Pressure Elastomer Hardness (Durometer)

PSI 60 70 80 90
500 .010" (.25 mm) .015" (.38 mm) .020" (.51mm) .025" (.64 mm)

750 .005" (.13 mm) .011" (.28 mm) .016" (.41mm) .023" (.58 mm)

1000 .002" (.05 mm) .008" (.20 mm) .012" (.30 mm) .018" (.46 mm)

1250 .001" (.02 mm) .004" (.10 mm) .009" (.23 mm) .015" (.38 mm)

1500 Consult Dichtomatik .002" (.05 mm) .007" (.18 mm) .012" (.30 mm)

BACK-UP RINGS

Back-up rings are used to prevent o-rings from extruding when the tight
Use of a Back-up Ring
tolerances listed in the previous section cannot be maintained. Back-
up rings do not provide any sealing function. They are simply intended
to reduce the extrusion gap on the low-pressure side so that the o-ring
can fulfill its sealing function without being damaged.

Back-up rings are made of materials with better extrusion resistance

than most elastomers. Several common materials are high-durometer
NBR (or other elastomers), Nylon and filled PTFE.

continued next page

18
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

BACK-UP RINGS continued

Since the materials used for back-up rings are basically non-
Accommodating the Back-Up Ring
compressible and non-deformable, they can typically be treated as
though they are part of whatever the o-ring groove is machined into.
That is, the width of the groove has to be increased just enough to
accommodate the thickness of the back-up ring. Area for o-ring

For back-up rings with a curved surface facing the o-ring, the effective
thickness of the back-up ring can be determined by dividing the cross-
sectional area of the back-up ring by the height of the back-up ring.
This ensures that the o-ring has the same area to occupy.
Area for o-ring

Back-up ring thickness

A D D I T I O N A L G R O O V E D E TA I L S

Once the geometric arrangement and dimensions for the o-ring gland have been determined, the following details
must be observed for correct sealing function.

Groove Wall Angle

The wall angle of the groove should be controlled to be between Wall Angle
0 and 5 as shown.

Wall Angle

Transition Radii
The transition from the piston, bore, or face to the groove edge and Transition Radii
from the groove edge to the groove bottom must be slightly rounded
as shown. Radii recommendations follow on the next page.

Radius 1

Radius 2

continued next page

19
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
O-RING GLAND DESIGN GUIDELINES

A D D I T I O N A L G R O O V E D E TA I L S c o n t i n u e d

Transition Radii

TRANSITION RADII
Cross Section range Radius 1 Radius 2
mm 1.0 2.0 0.10 0.30
inch 0.04 0.08 0.004 0.012
mm 2.0 3.0 0.20 0.30
inch 0.08 0.12 0.008 0.012
mm 3.0 4.0 0.20 0.50
inch 0.12 0.16 0.008 0.020
mm 4.0 5.0 0.20 0.60
inch 0.16 0.20 0.008 0.024
mm 5.0 6.0 0.20 0.60
inch 0.20 0.24 0.008 0.024
mm 6.0 8.0 0.20 0.80
inch 0.24 0.31 0.008 0.031
mm 8.0 10.0 0.20 1.00
inch 0.31 0.39 0.008 0.039
mm 10.0 12.0 0.20 1.00
inch 0.39 0.47 0.008 0.039
mm 12.0 15.0 0.20 1.20
inch 0.47 0.59 0.008 0.047

Surface Finish
The surface finish of the sealing surfaces and the sides of the gland Sealing Surface Finish
should be controlled as shown.
Sealing Surface A

Containing Surfaces

Sealing Surface B

continued next page

20
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

A D D I T I O N A L G R O O V E D E TA I L S c o n t i n u e d

Surface Finish

Surface Finish Acceptable Range for CONSTANT PRESSURE Applications

Max Ra Max Rz Max Rmax

Sealing Surface A m 1.6 6.3 10.0

inch 64 256 400
Sealing Surface B m 3.2 10.0 12.5
inch 128 400 500
Containing Surfaces m 6.3 12.5 16.0
inch 256 500 640

Surface Finish Acceptable Range for PULSATING PRESSURE Applications

Max Ra Max Rz Max Rmax

Sealing Surface A m 0.8 1.6 3.2

inch 32 64 128
Sealing Surface B m 1.6 3.2 6.3
inch 64 128 252
Containing Surfaces m 3.2 6.3 10.0
inch 128 252 400

I N S TA L L AT I O N

Installation Chamfer
A perfectly designed o-ring seal is of little use if the o-ring is damaged Installation Chamfer Length
during installation. To prevent damage for male gland and female gland
seals, a 15 chamfer on the bore or rod is recommended. The chamfer must
be long enough to ensure that the o-ring sees only the chamfer when it is
installed. Face seals do not require installation chamfers.

O-Ring CS Chamfer Length

Inches mm Inches mm
.070 1.78 .083 2.10

.103 2.62 .122 3.10

.139 3.53 .157 4.00

.210 5.33 .236 6.00

.275 6.99 .283 7.20

continued next page

21
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
O-RING GLAND DESIGN GUIDELINES

I N S TA L L AT I O N continued

General Installation Guidelines

The following general guidelines should be observed for installation of an o-ring to avoid damage and leakage.

The o-ring must not be stretched beyond its elongation limit.

Edges must be burr-free and all radii and angles should be applied smoothly.

Dust, dirt, metal chips and other foreign material should be removed prior to installation of the o-ring.

Tips of screws and installation housings for other sealing and guiding elements should be covered by an
assembly sleeve.

A suitable lubricant should be applied to the assembly surfaces and/or the o-ring.

All installation tools (mandrels, sleeves, etc.) should be made of a soft material and not have any sharp edges.

The o-ring should not be rolled over assembly surfaces.

Ensure that the o-ring is not twisted during installation into the groove.

22
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

GLOBAL O-RING SIZE REFERENCE GUIDE

SECTION THREE
GLOBAL O-RING SIZE REFERENCE GUIDE

Introduction to O-Ring Size Standards

O-Ring Sizes by Standard

O-Ring Size Master Table

3
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
GLOBAL O-RING SIZE REFERENCE GUIDE

O-RING SIZE STANDARDS

This o-ring size reference contains size and nomenclature information for the most common global o-ring standards.
The information is organized into three sections.

1. The first section provides an introduction to each size standard and how an o-ring is specified using the nomen-
clature provided in the standard.

2. The second section provides a size table for each standard including the inside diameter (ID) and cross-section (CS)
dimensions with tolerances in both millimeters and inches.

3. The third section is a master size table that includes all ID/CS combinations available in the standards sorted by
CS, then by ID. For each ID/CS combination, it indicates which standards offer that size.

The standards included in the references are:

SAE AS568

ISO 3601

DIN 3771

BSI BS 4518

BSI BS 1806

JIS B 2401

NF T 47501

SAE AS568

SAE AS568 is published by the aerospace portion of the Society of Automotive Engineers. Its actual title is Aerospace
Size Standard for O-Rings, although its use is much more widespread than just the aerospace industry. SAE AS568 is
the most commonly used standard in the US for aerospace, automotive and general industrial applications.

DICHTOMATIK has shrinkage-compensated tooling on all AS568 sizes and maintains inventory in all sizes for eight
standard materials and in a large number of the sizes for many other materials.

The sizes in the standard are defined by maximum and minimum ID and CS dimensions (although most listings,
including this one, show this as a midpoint and a tolerance). Each ID and CS combination is identified by a three-
digit dash number as shown below.

SERIES CROSS-SECTION
S A E A S 5 6 8 - 2 1 4 millimeters inches
Series (see table) -0XX 1.78* 0.070*
Sequential by increasing ID
-1XX 2.62 0.103

The first of the three digits represents the CS, except for the -2XX 3.53 0.139
9-series o-rings, where the 9 indicates that it is used for straight -3XX 5.33 0.210
thread tube fitting boss gaskets. The last two digits are sequential
with increasing ID. -4XX 6.99 0.275

-9XX Varies
*Except for -001, -002 and -003 sizes

24
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

ISO 3601

ISO 3601 is published by the International Organization for Standardization. The title of the part that defines
standard sizes is Fluid Systems Sealing DevicesO-RingsPart 1: Inside diameters, cross-sections, tolerances and
size identification code. There are two additional parts that deal with design criteria for o-ring housings and quality
acceptance criteria for o-rings.

The size identification code per the standard is as follows:

SERIES CROSS-SECTION
I S O 3 6 0 1 A 0 0 3 5 G millimeters inches
Cross-section code (see table) A 1.80 0.071
ID in tenths of a millimeter
B 2.65 0.104
Application type (see table)
C 3.55 0.140

NOTE: The general-purpose application sizes and tolerances D 5.30 0.209

and the aerospace application sizes and tolerances are listed
separately. DICHTOMATIK can provide the aerospace applica- E 7.00 0.276
tion parts when the tighter tolerances are required, but does not
currently have any materials that are approved for use in the APPLICATION DESCRIPTION
aerospace industry. TYPE CODE
A Aerospace Application

G General-Purpose Application

DIN 3771

DIN 3771 is published by the German Institute for Standardization (Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V.). The title of the
part that defines standard sizes is Fluid Systems; O-rings; Dimensions. There are four additional parts to the DIN 3771
standard that cover o-ring markings, materials and fields of application, quality acceptance criteria and design details
and dimensions of housings.

The o-ring sizes in the DIN standard are very similar to the ISO 3601 sizes. The most significant difference between the
standards is that the DIN standard uses grade specification rather than an application type to differentiate between
standard and precision o-rings.

O-Rings are identified under the DIN 3771 standard as follows:

GRADE DESCRIPTION REQUIRED

O-RING DIN 377113,2 x 1,8 NNBR 70 CODE AQL
ID in millimeters N Normal Quality 1.0
Cross-section in millimeters
S Special Quality 0.65
Grade Specification (see table)
Material type and IRHD hardness

25
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
GLOBAL O-RING SIZE REFERENCE GUIDE

BSI BS 4518

BS 4518 is published by the British Standards Institution. The full title of the standard is Specification for Metric dimen-
sions of toroidal sealing rings (O-rings) and their housings. As indicated in the title, the standard includes both the
standard o-ring dimensions and the dimensions of the glands to house the o-rings in a variety of configurations.

The standard for identifying a British standard metric o-ring is as follows:

B S I 4 5 1 8 0 3 7 1 1 6
ID in tenths of a millimeter
CS in tenths of a millimeter

BSI BS 1806

BS 1806 is also published by the British Standards Institution. The full title of this standard is British Standard
Specification for Dimensions of toroidal sealing rings (O-rings) and their housings (inch series). As with BS 4518, the
standard offers both standard o-ring and gland dimensions.

The sizes are almost identical to the sizes available in SAE AS568. There are some additional sizes in the 4XX series
which are indicated by an A following the next smallest AS568 4XX series size. Also, in earlier versions of the
standard there are 5XX, 6XX and 8XX series o-ring interspersed throughout the standard that fill gaps between AS568
sizes. These sizes are not included in the current version of the standard, but are still frequently tooled and held in
inventory at European o-ring sources, so they have been included in the table.

BS 1806 o-rings are identified as shown here:

B S 1 8 0 6 4 5 2
Size Number (~SAE AS568)

JIS B 2401

JIS B 2401 is published by the Japanese Standards Association. Its official title is O-Rings. JIS B 2401 is unique in
that it specifies standard o-ring dimensions and standard materials. Most of the o-rings are identified as shown here:

JIS B 2401 Class 2 G 85

Material type (see table)
Application type (see table)
Numeric identifier

continued next page

26
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

JIS B 2401 continued

TYPE SYMBOL REMARKS TYPICAL APPLICATION DESCRIPTION

MATERIAL TYPE CODE
Class 1A 1A For mineral oil use NBR 70 P For moving (packing)

Class 1B 1B For mineral oil use NBR 90 G For fixing (gasket)

Class 2 2 For gasoline use NBR 70 V For vacuum flange

Class 3 3 For animal & vegetable oil use EPDM 70

Class 4C 4C For thermal-resistant use VMQ 70

Class 4D 4D For thermal-resistant use FKM 70

In addition to the sizes included in the JIS B 2401 standard, the standard also makes provisions for using the JIS B 2401
material types with the ISO 3601 Series G o-ring sizes as shown here:

JIS B 2401 Class 2 A0035G

Material type (see table)
ISO 3601 G Series designation

NF T 47-501

NF T 47-501 is published by AFNOR which is the Association Franaise De Normalisation. The title of the standard
is Rubber O-RingDesignation, sizes and tolerances. NF T 47-501 has most of the same sizes as ISO 3601 and
DIN 3771. The distinction of this specification is that it uses a precision class, which is almost identical to ISO 3601
application type, and a visual class, which is very similar to the DIN 3771 grade specification. O-rings per this
standard are identified as shown here:

PRECISION DESCRIPTION
N F T 4 7 - 5 0 1 A 0 0 3 5 G S CLASS
Cross-section code (see table) A Aerospace Application
ID in tenths of a millimeter
G General-Purpose Application
Precision class (see table)
Visual class (see table)

VISUAL DESCRIPTION REQUIRED

CLASS AQL
SERIES CROSS-SECTION
millimeters inches N Normal Quality 1.0

A 1.80 0.071 S Special Quality 0.65

B 2.65 0.104

C 3.55 0.140

D 5.30 0.209

SIZE ID CS ID CS SIZE
295,00 X 7,00 295.00 2.18 7.00 0.15 11.614 0.086 0.276 0.006 295,00 X 7,00
300,00 X 7,00 300.00 2.21 7.00 0.15 11.811 0.087 0.276 0.006 300,00 X 7,00
303,00 X 7,00 303.00 2.23 7.00 0.15 11.929 0.088 0.276 0.006 303,00 X 7,00
307,00 X 7,00 307.00 2.25 7.00 0.15 12.087 0.089 0.276 0.006 307,00 X 7,00
311,00 X 7,00 311.00 2.28 7.00 0.15 12.244 0.090 0.276 0.006 311,00 X 7,00
315,00 X 7,00 315.00 2.30 7.00 0.15 12.402 0.091 0.276 0.006 315,00 X 7,00
320,00 X 7,00 320.00 2.34 7.00 0.15 12.598 0.092 0.276 0.006 320,00 X 7,00
325,00 X 7,00 325.00 2.37 7.00 0.15 12.795 0.093 0.276 0.006 325,00 X 7,00
330,00 X 7,00 330.00 2.40 7.00 0.15 12.992 0.094 0.276 0.006 330,00 X 7,00
335,00 X 7,00 335.00 2.43 7.00 0.15 13.189 0.096 0.276 0.006 335,00 X 7,00
340,00 X 7,00 340.00 2.46 7.00 0.15 13.386 0.097 0.276 0.006 340,00 X 7,00
345,00 X 7,00 345.00 2.49 7.00 0.15 13.583 0.098 0.276 0.006 345,00 X 7,00
350,00 X 7,00 350.00 2.53 7.00 0.15 13.780 0.100 0.276 0.006 350,00 X 7,00
355,00 X 7,00 355.00 2.56 7.00 0.15 13.976 0.101 0.276 0.006 355,00 X 7,00
360,00 X 7,00 360.00 2.59 7.00 0.15 14.173 0.102 0.276 0.006 360,00 X 7,00
365,00 X 7,00 365.00 2.62 7.00 0.15 14.370 0.103 0.276 0.006 365,00 X 7,00
370,00 X 7,00 370.00 2.65 7.00 0.15 14.567 0.104 0.276 0.006 370,00 X 7,00
375,00 X 7,00 375.00 2.68 7.00 0.15 14.764 0.106 0.276 0.006 375,00 X 7,00
379,00 X 7,00 379.00 2.71 7.00 0.15 14.921 0.107 0.276 0.006 379,00 X 7,00
383,00 X 7,00 383.00 2.73 7.00 0.15 15.079 0.107 0.276 0.006 383,00 X 7,00
387,00 X 7,00 387.00 2.76 7.00 0.15 15.236 0.109 0.276 0.006 387,00 X 7,00
391,00 X 7,00 391.00 2.78 7.00 0.15 15.394 0.109 0.276 0.006 391,00 X 7,00
395,00 X 7,00 395.00 2.81 7.00 0.15 15.551 0.111 0.276 0.006 395,00 X 7,00
400,00 X 7,00 400.00 2.84 7.00 0.15 15.748 0.112 0.276 0.006 400,00 X 7,00
406,00 X 7,00 406.00 2.87 7.00 0.15 15.984 0.113 0.276 0.006 406,00 X 7,00
412,00 X 7,00 412.00 2.91 7.00 0.15 16.220 0.115 0.276 0.006 412,00 X 7,00
418,00 X 7,00 418.00 2.95 7.00 0.15 16.457 0.116 0.276 0.006 418,00 X 7,00
425,00 X 7,00 425.00 2.99 7.00 0.15 16.732 0.118 0.276 0.006 425,00 X 7,00
429,00 X 7,00 429.00 3.00 7.00 0.15 16.890 0.118 0.276 0.006 429,00 X 7,00
433,00 X 7,00 433.00 3.04 7.00 0.15 17.047 0.120 0.276 0.006 433,00 X 7,00
437,00 X 7,00 437.00 3.07 7.00 0.15 17.205 0.121 0.276 0.006 437,00 X 7,00
443,00 X 7,00 443.00 3.11 7.00 0.15 17.441 0.122 0.276 0.006 443,00 X 7,00
450,00 X 7,00 450.00 3.15 7.00 0.15 17.717 0.124 0.276 0.006 450,00 X 7,00
456,00 X 7,00 456.00 3.18 7.00 0.15 17.953 0.125 0.276 0.006 456,00 X 7,00
462,00 X 7,00 462.00 3.22 7.00 0.15 18.189 0.127 0.276 0.006 462,00 X 7,00
466,00 X 7,00 466.00 3.24 7.00 0.15 18.346 0.128 0.276 0.006 466,00 X 7,00
470,00 X 7,00 470.00 3.27 7.00 0.15 18.504 0.129 0.276 0.006 470,00 X 7,00
475,00 X 7,00 475.00 3.30 7.00 0.15 18.701 0.130 0.276 0.006 475,00 X 7,00
479,00 X 7,00 479.00 3.32 7.00 0.15 18.858 0.131 0.276 0.006 479,00 X 7,00

64
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

DIN 3771 SIZES

DIN 3771 MEASUREMENTS IN MILLIMETERS MEASUREMENTS IN INCHES DIN 3771

ISO 3601 A
BS 4518
BS 1806

BS 4518
BS 1806
AS568

AS568
ID CS ID CS ID CS ID CS
(mm) (mm) (inch) (inch) (mm) (mm) (inch) (inch)
370.00 7.00 14.567 0.276 149.50 8.40 5.886 0.331
375.00 7.00 14.764 0.276 154.10 8.40 6.067 0.331
379.00 7.00 14.921 0.276 154.50 8.40 6.083 0.331
383.00 7.00 15.079 0.276 159.10 8.40 6.264 0.331
387.00 7.00 15.236 0.276 159.50 8.40 6.280 0.331
391.00 7.00 15.394 0.276 164.10 8.40 6.461 0.331
395.00 7.00 15.551 0.276 164.50 8.40 6.476 0.331
400.00 7.00 15.748 0.276 169.10 8.40 6.657 0.331
406.00 7.00 15.984 0.276 169.50 8.40 6.673 0.331
412.00 7.00 16.220 0.276 174.10 8.40 6.854 0.331
418.00 7.00 16.457 0.276 174.50 8.40 6.870 0.331
425.00 7.00 16.732 0.276 179.10 8.40 7.051 0.331
429.00 7.00 16.890 0.276 179.50 8.40 7.067 0.331
433.00 7.00 17.047 0.276 184.10 8.40 7.248 0.331
437.00 7.00 17.205 0.276 184.50 8.40 7.264 0.331
443.00 7.00 17.441 0.276 189.10 8.40 7.445 0.331
450.00 7.00 17.717 0.276 189.50 8.40 7.461 0.331
456.00 7.00 17.953 0.276 194.10 8.40 7.642 0.331
462.00 7.00 18.189 0.276 194.50 8.40 7.657 0.331
466.00 7.00 18.346 0.276 199.10 8.40 7.839 0.331
470.00 7.00 18.504 0.276 199.50 8.40 7.854 0.331
475.00 7.00 18.701 0.276 204.10 8.40 8.035 0.331
479.00 7.00 18.858 0.276 204.50 8.40 8.051 0.331
483.00 7.00 19.016 0.276 208.50 8.40 8.209 0.331
487.00 7.00 19.173 0.276 209.10 8.40 8.232 0.331
493.00 7.00 19.409 0.276 209.50 8.40 8.248 0.331
500.00 7.00 19.685 0.276 214.50 8.40 8.445 0.331
508.00 7.00 20.000 0.276 219.10 8.40 8.626 0.331
515.00 7.00 20.276 0.276 219.50 8.40 8.642 0.331
523.00 7.00 20.591 0.276 224.50 8.40 8.839 0.331
530.00 7.00 20.866 0.276 229.10 8.40 9.020 0.331
538.00 7.00 21.181 0.276 229.50 8.40 9.035 0.331
545.00 7.00 21.457 0.2767 234.10 8.40 9.217 0.331
553.00 7.00 21.772 0.276 234.50 8.40 9.232 0.331
560.00 7.00 22.047 0.276 239.10 8.40 9.413 0.331
570.00 7.00 22.441 0.276 239.50 8.40 9.429 0.331
580.00 7.00 22.835 0.276 244.50 8.40 9.626 0.331
590.00 7.00 23.228 0.276 249.10 8.40 9.807 0.331
600.00 7.00 23.622 0.276 249.50 8.40 9.823 0.331
608.00 7.00 23.937 0.276 254.50 8.40 10.020 0.331
615.00 7.00 24.213 0.276 259.50 8.40 10.217 0.331
623.00 7.00 24.528 0.276 264.50 8.40 10.413 0.331
630.00 7.00 24.803 0.276 269.50 8.40 10.610 0.331
640.00 7.00 25.197 0.276 274.50 8.40 10.807 0.331
650.00 7.00 25.591 0.276 279.50 8.40 11.004 0.331
660.00 7.00 25.984 0.276 284.50 8.40 11.201 0.331
670.00 7.00 26.378 0.276 289.50 8.40 11.398 0.331
144.10 8.40 5.673 0.331 294.50 8.40 11.594 0.331
149.10 8.40 5.870 0.331 299.50 8.40 11.791 0.331

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GLOBAL O-RING SIZE REFERENCE GUIDE

S TA N D A R D S I Z E M A S T E R L I S T

Availability of sizes in each standard is indicated by a in the appropriate column.

NF T47-501 G
NF T47-501 A
DIN 3771-1
ISO 3601-1 G
ISO 3601-1 A

JIS 2401
BS 4518
BS 1806
AS568
ID CS ID CS
(mm) (mm) (inch) (inch)
314.50 8.40 12.382 0.331
319.50 8.40 12.579 0.331
334.50 8.40 13.169 0.331
339.50 8.40 13.366 0.331
354.50 8.40 13.957 0.331
359.50 8.40 14.154 0.331
374.50 8.40 14.744 0.331
384.50 8.40 15.138 0.331
399.50 8.40 15.728 0.331
475.00 10.00 18.701 0.394
524.50 10.00 20.650 0.394
579.00 10.00 22.795 0.394
633.50 10.00 24.941 0.394
683.00 10.00 26.890 0.394
732.50 10.00 28.839 0.394
782.00 10.00 30.787 0.394
836.50 10.00 32.933 0.394
940.50 10.00 37.028 0.394
1044.00 10.00 41.102 0.394

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

O-RING SEALING ELASTOMERS

SECTION FOUR
O-RING SEALING ELASTOMERS

Elastomer Basics

Elastomer Types

Dichtomatik Standard Elastomers

Details, Data and Properties

O-Ring Lubrication Options

Elastomer Testing and Approvals

ASTM D2000

4
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
O-RING SEALING ELASTOMERS
Since o-rings are homogeneous (consist of rubber only), the ability of the o-ring to seal is directly dependent on the
elastomer and its ability to maintain its sealing force over time. Therefore, elastomer selection is at least as important as
properly specifying the o-ring size and the gland size and details.

ELASTOMER BASICS

Before selecting an elastomer, it is important to have a basic understanding of what an elastomer is and what makes
it unique as a class of materials. To understand elastomers, one has to first have a basic understanding of polymers.

Polymers are long chains of repeating chemical units, or monomers. The chemical skeletal structures may be linear,
cyclic or branched. Materials that consist largely of polymer chains can be divided into three basic families.
Plastics
Plastics are rigid long-chain polymers which are not usually connected or cross-linked.
Plastics can either be thermoplastics, meaning they can be heated and cooled without
changing properties, or thermosets, where an increase in temperature changes the chemical
structure and properties. As a class of materials, plastics have low elongation and high
elongation set.

Elastomers
Elastomers are flexible long-chain polymers which are capable of cross-linking. Cross-link-
ing chemically bonds polymer chains which can prevent reversion to a non-cross-linked
polymer at elevated temperatures. The cross-link is the key to the elastic, or rubbery,
properties of these materials. The elasticity provides resiliency in sealing applications.

Thermoplastic Elastomers
Thermoplastic elastomers, or TPEs, attempt to combine the properties of elastomers with the
processing ease of thermoplastics. They are the result of a physical combination of soft,
elastic polymer segments and hard, crystalline segments which are capable of cross-
linking. Thermoplastic elastomers are generally classified by their structure rather than by
their chemical makeup.

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ELASTOMER TYPES

Elastomers are split into types or fami- Chemical Abbreviation

lies based on the basic polymer from Description ASTM D 1418 ISO/DIN 1629
which they are made. The following
Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber NBR NBR
table contains the nomenclature used
Hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber HNBR (HNBR)
for the different elastomer types per
Fluorocarbon rubber FKM FPM
ASTM D 1418 and ISO 1629.
Perfluoroelastomer FFKM (FFPM)
Within each elastomer type, the Ethylene propylene diene rubber EPDM EPDM
individual elastomers vary in the fillers, Silicone rubber VMQ VMQ
softeners (plasticizers), processing Fluorosilicone rubber FVMQ FVMQ
aids, curing agents, accelerators and
Chloroprene (or Neoprene) rubber CR CR
other additives that they contain. The
Polyester urethane AU AU
properties of the base polymer, the
Polyether urethane EU EU
types and quantities of the additives
and how the elastomer is processed Natural rubber NR NR
are what determine the chemical and Polyacrylate rubber ACM ACM
physical properties that may make a Ethylene Acrylic (Vamac) AEM AEM
particular elastomer right or wrong for Styrene-butadiene rubber SBR SBR
an application. Ethylene oxide epichlorohydrine rubber ECO ECO
Chlorosulfonated polyethylene CSM CSM
Butadiene rubber BR BR
Isoprene rubber IR IR
Butyl rubber IIR IIR
( ) = not listed in the standard.

D I C H T O M AT I K E L A S T O M E R S

Dichtomatik offers eight different standard o-ring materials. The table below indicates the name, the elastomer
type and hardness and an ASTM D2000 call-out for each of these standard materials. Dichtomatik is committed to
maintaining inventory of each AS568 size in each of the eight materials.

In addition to these standard materials, Dichtomatik maintains an extensive offering of non-standard materials and
will also develop materials to meet these requirements of your application. Please contact Dichtomatik for assistance
in identifying the best elastomer for your application.

D I C H T O M AT I K E L A S T O M E R S
Name Description ASTM D2000 Call-out
N70R NBR 70 M2BG714 EA14 EF11 EO14 EO34

N90R NBR 90 M2BG914 B14 EA14 EF11 EF21 EO34

V575 FKM 75 M6HK810 A1-10 B38 EF31 Z1= 75 5 duro

V603 FKM 75 Brown M6HK810 A1-10 B38 C12 EF31 EO88 Z1= 75 5 duro

S570 Silicone 70 M7GE705 B37 EA14 EO16 F19 G11

E868 EPDM 70 (peroxide cured) M3CA720 A25 B35 C32 EA14 F19

U876 Polyurethane 70 n/a

U877 Polyurethane 90 n/a

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O-RING SEALING ELASTOMERS

E L A S T O M E R T Y P E D E TA I L S

Details are provided here for some of the more common o-ring sealing elastomers. General descriptions are provided
in the text. Additional details on several of the elastomers are provided in the tables. Further information regarding
compatibility with specific chemical species can be obtained in the chemical compatibility tables in the next section.
NBR
NBR is a very commonly used material for o-rings because of its good mechanical properties, its resistance to lubri-
cants and greases and its relatively low cost. The physical and chemical resistance properties of NBR materials are
determined by the acrylonitrile (ACN) content of the base polymer which can vary between 18% and 50%. Low ACN
content ensures good flexibility at low temperatures, but offers limited resistance to oils and fuels. As the ACN
content increases, the low temperature flexibility reduces and the resistance to oils and fuels improves.

Physical and chemical resistance properties of NBR materials are also affected by the cure system of the polymer.
Peroxide-cured materials have improved physical properties, chemical resistance and thermal properties as compared
to sulfur-donor-cured materials.

Standard grades of NBR are typically resistant to mineral oil-based lubricants and greases, many grades of hydraulic
fluids, aliphatic hydrocarbons, silicone oils and greases and water to about 80C.

NBR is generally not resistant to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, fuels with a high aromatic content, polar
solvents, glycol-based brake fluids and non-flammable hydraulic fluids (HFD). NBR also has low resistance to ozone,
weathering and aging, but in many applications this has no negative effect.
HNBR
HNBR is obtained by partially or fully hydrogenating NBR. This leads to considerable improvement of the resistance to
heat, ozone and aging, and gives it very good mechanical properties. The media resistance compares to that of NBR.
EPDM
EPDM materials generally have a high resistance to hot water, steam, aging and chemicals, and are suitable for a
wide range of application temperatures. They are divided into sulfur-cured and peroxide-cured types. Peroxide-cured
compounds are suitable for higher temperatures and have much lower compression sets.

EPDM has good resistance to hot water and steam, detergents, caustic potash solutions, sodium hydroxide solutions,
silicone oils and greases, many polar solvents and many diluted acids and chemicals. Special formulations are
excellent for use with glycol-based brake fluids.

EPDM materials are totally unsuitable for use with all mineral oil productslubricants, oils, fuels.
Silicone
Silicone rubbers are noted for their ability to be used over a wide temperature range and for excellent resistance to
ozone, weathering and aging. Compared with most other sealing elastomers, the physical properties of silicones are
poor. Generally, silicone materials are physiologically harmless so they are commonly used by the food and drug
industries.

Standard silicones are resistant to water (to 100C), aliphatic engine and transmission oils and animal and plant oils
and fats.

Silicones are generally not resistant to fuels, aromatic mineral oils, steam (short term to 120C possible), silicone oils
and greases, acids or alkalis.
Fluorosilicone
Although fluorosilicone elastomers have the same mechanical properties as silicones, they are far more resistant to
oils and fuels. The temperature range of applications is somewhat more restricted than that of silicones.
continued next page

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E L A S T O M E R T Y P E D E TA I L S continued

FKM
FKM materials are noted for their very high resistance to heat and a wide variety of chemicals. Other key benefits
include excellent resistance to aging and ozone, very low gas permeability and the fact that the materials are
self-extinguishing.

Standard FKM materials have excellent resistance to mineral oils and greases, aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated
hydrocarbons, fuels, non-flammable hydraulic fluids (HFD) and many organic solvents and chemicals.

In addition to the standard FKM materials, a number of specialty materials with different monomer compositions and
fluorine content (65% to 71%) are available that offer improved chemical or temperature resistance and/or better low
temperature performance.

FKM materials are generally not resistant to hot water, steam, polar solvents, glycol-based brake fluids and low
molecular weight organic acids.
Polyurethane
Polyurethanes differ from classic elastomers in that they have much better mechanical properties. In particular they
have a high resistance to abrasion, wear and extrusion, a high tensile strength and excellent tear resistance.
Polyurethanes are generally resistant to aging and ozone, mineral oils and greases, silicone oils and greases, non-
flammable hydraulic fluids HFA & HFB, water up to 50C and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

ADDITIONAL ELASTOMERS

FFKM
FFKM materials combine the outstanding heat and chemical resistance of PTFE with the elastic behavior of FKM
elastomers. FFKM materials are very expensive and are typically used only when absolutely needed.
Chloroprene
Chloroprene materials have excellent resistance to ozone, aging and weathering and good mechanical properties.
They have average resistance to mineral oils and are suitable for use with many refrigerants.
SBR
SBR materials are frequently used in glycol-based brake fluids, water, alcohols, glycols and silicone oils and greases.
TFE/P
Tetrafluoroethylene/propylene rubber (or Aflas ) is a fluorocarbon elastomer that is noted for its exceptional thermal
and chemical resistance. TFE/P is well suited for use with hot water, steam, acids, alkaline solutions, ammonia,
amines, alloyed engine and transmission oils, brake fluids (based on glycol, mineral oil and silicone oil), crude oil
and sour gas.
ACM
ACM or polyacrylate is used mainly by the automotive industry, as it is resistant to most engine oils and transmission
fluids, even at high temperatures.

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O-RING SEALING ELASTOMERS

PROPERTIES OF ELASTOMERS

EPDM EPDM
Basic Property NBR HNBR Sulfur Peroxide VMQ FVMQ FKM AU/EU CR FFKM
Compression Set Resistance

Tear Strength

Abrasion Resistance /

Aging Resistance

Ozone Resistance

Resistance to Oil & Grease

Fuel Resistance * *

Resistance to Hot Water 175F * 212F 265F 300F 212F 212F 175F * 120F 175F

80C 100C 130C 150C 100C 100C 80C 50C 80C

Resistance to Steam 265F 350F 250F 250F

130C 175C 120C 120C

High Temp Standard 212F 300F 265F 300F 390F 350F 390F 212F 212F 500F

100C 150C 130C 150C 200C 175C 200C 100C 100C 260C

High Temp Special 250F n/a n/a n/a 480F n/a n/a n/a n/a 625F

120C 250C 330C

Low Temp Standard 22F 22F 50F 60F 65F 65F 5F 40F 40F 5F

30C 30C 45C 50C 55C 55C 15C 40C 40C 15C

Low Temp Special 60F 40C n/a n/a n/a n/a 30F n/a 60F 30F

50C 40C 35C 50C 35C

Very Good Good Average Poor Not Recommended

*Better results with special compound Short term only Depends on compound

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E L A S T O M E R T Y P E D ATA

NBR HNBR EPDM

Brief Description: copolymers of acrylonitrile and copolymers of acrylonitrile and terpolymers of ethylene, propylene and
butadiene butadiene with selective hydrogenation diene monomers
of butadiene groups
ASTM D1418 Designation: NBR HNBR EPDM
ISO/DIN 1629 Designation: NBR n/a EPDM
Trade Names: ChemigumGoodyear ZetpolNippon Zeon NordelDupontDow Elastomers
HycarGoodrich TherbanBayer VistalonExxon
KrynacPolysar, Ltd TornacPolysar, Ltd. DutralEniChem
NysynCopolymer Rubber KeltanDSM
ParacrilUniroyal Buna EPBayer
PerbunanBayer EpcarGoodrich
NipolNippon Zeon RoyaleneUniroyal
EuropreneEnimont
Standard Color(s): Black Black, Green Black
ASTM D2000 Code(s): BF, BG, BK, CH DH AA, BA, CA, DA
Hardness Range: 40 to 95 50 to 90 40 to 90
Common Variations acrylonitrile content (18% to 50%) acrylonitrile content (18% to 50%) sulfur-donor cured vs. peroxide cured
sulfur-donor cured vs. peroxide cured sulfur-donor cured vs. peroxide cured drinking water application
(NSF, WRc, KTW)
drinking water application approved residual double bond content
(NSF, WRc, KTW) (<1% to 10%) brake application formulation
FDA compliant special compound for refrigerants
XNBR (improved wear resistance)

SILICONE FLUOROSILICONE FKM

Brief Description: polydimethylsiloxane with vinyl and/or polydimethylsiloxane with vinyl, phenyl co-, ter- and tetra-polymers of
phenyl groups and CF3 groups fluoronated hydrocarbon monomers
ASTM D1418 Designation: VMQ FVMQ FKM
ISO/DIN 1629 Designation: VMQ FMQ FPM
Trade Names: BayosolineBayer Silastic LSDow Corning VitonDupontDow Elastomers
SilasticDow Corning FSEGE FluorelDyneon
SilplusGE TechnoflonAusimont
Dai-elDaikin
Standard Color(s): Red (Rust) Blue Black
ASTM D2000 Code(s): FC, FE, GE FK HK
Hardness Range: 25 to 80 50 to 80 50 to 95
Common Variations low temperature high modulus Copolymer or terpolymer
high temperature Degree of fluorination (A, B, F, GB, GF,
GFLT, GBLT, GLT, ETP)
high tensile strength and tear strength
FDA compliant

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O-RING SEALING ELASTOMERS

O - R I N G L U B R I C AT I O N

Most o-rings require some sort of lubrication for storage (to keep the parts from sticking together), for installation or
for automatic feeding. Many lubrication options are available depending on the requirements of your application.

Shorter-term lubrication of the o-ring can be accomplished by coating the exterior of the part with:

Silicone oil

Graphite

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)

Talcum Powder

Longer-term external lubrication can be realized with:

PTFE coating

Applying other dry lubricants to the surface

Some applications benefit from the use of an internally lubricated elastomer. Internal lubrication is typically accom-
plished in one of two ways.

1. A lubricant (typically an oil or wax) that is somewhat incompatible with the elastomer is added to the elastomer
during compounding. The incompatibility causes the lubricant to bloom to the surface of the molded part over
time, thus providing longer-term lubrication.

2. A non-blooming lubricant, such as molybdenum disulfide or PTFE, is added during compounding to provide even
longer-term lubrication.

Please contact Dichtomatik North America for assistance in identifying the best lubrication choice for your application.

A P P R O VA L S

Dichtomatik offers many materials that meet the requirements of or are approved by organizations that establish
industrial standards or requirements. Some examples of these are:

NSF-61, WRc, KTW approved materials for drinking water applications

FDA-compliant materials for o-rings in contact with food or drugs

UL157-listed materials for specific fluid contact applications such as oil or gasoline

USDA 3A sanitary standard approved materials

ELASTOMER TESTING

The best sources for information on testing methods are ASTM, ISO and DIN (the organizations that write the standards).
For reference purposes, the table below shows which standards are used for common standard elastomer tests.

ASTM D 1414 is also available. It provides instructions on how many standard elastomer tests are to be modified to
be used specifically for testing molded o-rings rather than standard test specimens.

On a material data sheet it is important to know whether the data reported was obtained by testing slabs and buttons
or by testing actual o-rings, as the results may differ.

continued next page

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ELASTOMER TESTING continued

ELASTOMER TESTS
Elastomer Property or Test ASTM ISO DIN
Hardness (Shore A) D 2240 7619 53505

Hardness (IRHD) D 1415 48 53519

Tensile Strength D 412 37 53504

Ultimate Elongation D 412 37 53504

Modulus D 412 37 53504

Brittleness Point D 2137 812 53546

Temperature Retraction D 1329 2921 n/a

Tear Strength D 624 34, 816 53507, 53515

Compression Set D 395 815 53517

Air Aging D 573, D 865 188 53508

Immersion Testing D 471 1817 53521

Ozone/Weather Resistance D 1171 1431 53509

ASTM D2000 PRIMER

ASTM D2000 is published by The American Society for Testing & Materials as Standard Classification System for
Rubber Products in Automotive Applications. ASTM D2000 is an exact functional equivalent of SAE Recommended
Practice J200.
The purpose of the standard is
Swell in IRM 903 Reference Oil (%)
to offer guidance on the types of
NR 170 120 100 80 60 40 20 10
materials available, to indicate
what level of performance can be
H 250
expected from the materials, and to
offer a means of providing a line G 225
call-out designation for materials.
Heat Resistance (Type)

F 200
The materials are identified initially
Temperature (C)

by type, which is an indication of E 175

heat resistance, and by class,
which is based on oil resistance. D 150
The temperature resistance and the
oil resistance are indicated with letter C 125
designations as shown to the right.
B 100

A 70

A B C D E F G H K
Oil Resistance (Class)

continued next page

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O-RING SEALING ELASTOMERS

ASTM D2000 PRIMER continued

Within each type/class combination, the hardness, tensile strength and class can be specified. Each class also has
additional available test requirements that must be met by the material. These requirements are often referred to as
suffix requirements.

The actual specification is required to fully interpret an ASTM D2000 line callout, but an example line callout is shown
and explained below.

ASTM D2000 M 6 H K 8 10 A1-10 B38 EF31Z1

Units (M = SI Units)
Grade Number (1= No Suffix Requirement)
Type (Heat Resistance)
Class (Oil Resistance)
Hardness (e.g. 8 = 80 Shore A)
Tensile Strength (e.g. 10 =10 MPa)
Suffix Letter: A Heat Resistance
B Compression Set
EA Aqueous Fluid Resistance
EF Fuel Fluid Resistance
EO Oil/Lubricant Fluid Resistance
F Low Temperature Resistance
G Tear Resistance
R Resilience
Suffix Number 1st Digit = Test Method
2nd Digit = Test Temperature
Special Z Callout (Needs to be Specified)

It is important to note that the Z callouts are meaningless unless the requirement is specified. In the case of the above
line callout, the callout provided on the print would have to be as shown below so that the Z callout is specified.

ASTM D2000 M 6 H K 8 10 A1-10 B38 EF31Z1

Z1: Hardness = 755 Duro A

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CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY GUIDE

SECTION FIVE
CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY GUIDE

5
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
C H E M I C A L C O M PAT I B I L I T Y G U I D E

C H E M I C A L C O M PAT I B I L I T Y TA B L E S

These tables are intended to assist the user in determining the suitability of various elastomers in many different
chemical environments. The ratings are based on a combination of published literature, laboratory tests, actual field
experience, and informed judgments. As laboratory tests do not necessarily predict end-use performance, users of
DICHTOMATIK products should conduct their own evaluations to determine application suitability.

NOTE: Ratings are based on volume swell which is only one indicator of elastomer fluid compatibility and may be
based on the solubility parameter alone. Fluid attack on the backbone of the polymer may show up as a change in
physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness.

Elevated temperatures and extended exposure times may create more aggressive conditions than cited in this guide.

This information is believed to be reliable, but no representation, guarantees or warranties of any kind are made to
its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. The information presented is based on laboratory testing and does not
necessarily indicate end product performance. It is recommended that users of DICHTOMATIK products conduct their
own evaluations to determine suitability for the intended application.

C O M PAT I B I L I T Y R AT I N G S Y S T E M

RATING DESCRIPTION VOLUME CHANGE COMMENTS

1 Little or no effect <10% Elastomer may exhibit slight swelling and/or loss
of physical properties under severe conditions.

2 Possible loss of 1020% Elastomer may exhibit swelling in addition to a

physical properties change in physical properties.
May be suitable for static applications.

3 Noticeable change 2040% Elastomer exhibits a noticeable change in

swelling and physical properties.
Questionable performance in most applications.

4 Excessive change >40% Elastomer not suitable for service.

Insufficient information n/a Insufficient information available for rating.

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E L A S T O M E R A B B R E V I AT I O N S

ABBREVIATION ELASTOMER TYPE

ACM Polyacrylate Rubber

TFE/P Aflas (Tetrafluoroethylene/Propylene)

AU Polyurethane

CR Neoprene/Chloroprene

EPDM Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubber

FFKM Perfluoroelastomer

FKM Fluorocarbon Elastomer

FKM-ETP ETP Based Fluorocarbon Elastomer

FVMQ Fluorosilicone Rubber

HNBR Hydrogenated Nitrile (or HSN)

IIR Butyl Rubber

NBR Nitrile or Buna-N (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber)

NR Natural Rubber

SBR Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

VMQ Silicone Rubber

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C H E M I C A L C O M PAT I B I L I T Y G U I D E

CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Acetaldehyde 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 2
Acetamide 1 3 1 2 1 2 3 1
Acetic Acid Amine 1 3 1 2 1 2 3 1
Acetic Acid, 25% to 60% 3 3 1 1 4 2 2 1 4 1 4
Acetic Acid, 85% 4 4 1 4 4
Acetic Acid, Glacial 3 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 4 2 4
Acetic Aldehyde 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 2
Acetic Anhydride 4 4 2 3 4 1 4 2 2 1 2 1 1
Acetic Ester 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 1 4 4 4
Acetic Ether 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 1 4 4 4
Acetic Oxide 4 4 2 3 4 1 4 2 2 1 2 1 1
Acetone 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 1 1
Acetonitrile 3 1 1 1 1 1
Acetophenone 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 1
Acetyl Chloride 4 1 4 3 1 1 1 1
Acetyl Oxide 4 4 2 3 4 1 4 2 2 1 2 1 1
Acetylacetone 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 1
Acetylbenzene 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 1
Acetylene 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Acetylene Tetrabromide 4 1 1 4 2 1 1 1
Acrylic Acid, Ethyl Ester 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 2
Acrylonitrile 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 1 4 4 4
Adipic Acid 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Air Below 200F 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Air, Oil-Containing 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 2
Alkazene 4 2 4 4 2 2 2 1
Allomaleic Acid 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Allyl Alcohol 2 4 1 2 4 2 1 1 1 1
Allyl Chloride 2 2 1 2 2 1
Alum (NH 3 -Cr-K) 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1
Aluminum Acetate 2 4 1 4 4 1 3 1
Aluminum Bromide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Aluminum Chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Aluminum Fluoride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Aluminum Hydroxide 2 2 2 1 2 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Aluminum Nitrate 2 1 1 2 1 1 1
Aluminum Orthophosphate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Aluminum Phosphate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Aluminum Salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Aluminum Sulfate 1 3 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Amines Mixed (Allyl, Ethyl, etc.) 4 4 2 2 4 2 4 1
Aminobenzene 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 1 4 4
Aminobenzoic Acid 4 2 2 1 2 1
Aminopyridine 4 4 2 3 4 1
Ammonia 2 4 1 2 4 2 2 1 1 1
Ammonia Gas, Cold 1 4 1 1 4 1 4 1
Ammonia Gas, Hot 4 4 2 1 4 2 4 1
Ammonia, Anhydrous Liquid 2 4 1 2 4 3 4 1
Ammonia-Aqua 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Ammonium Acetate 1 4 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1
Ammonium Carbonate 3 4 1 1 4 2 1 3 1 1 1 1
Ammonium Chloride 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Ammonium Fluoride 1 4 1 1 2 2 4 2 1
Ammonium Hydroxide 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Ammonium Nitrate 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 1
Ammonium Persulfate 4 3 1 1 1 3 1
Ammonium Phosphate 1 4 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1
Ammonium Phosphate, Dibasic 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Ammonium Salts 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 1
Ammonium Sesquicarbonate 3 4 1 1 4 2 1 3 1 1 1 1
Ammonium Sulfate 1 3 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 4 1 1
Ammonium Sulfide 2 3 1 2 4 2 1 1 1 4 1 2
Amyl Acetate 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 4
Amyl Alcohol 2 3 1 4 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Amyl Borate 1 1 4 1 1 1
Amyl Cabrinol 1 1 3 2 2 1 1
Amyl Chloride 1 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Amyl Chloronaphthalene 4 1 4 4 2 2 1 1
Amyl Hydrate 2 3 1 4 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Amyl Hydride 1 1 4 4 1 2 3 1 4 4 4

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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C H E M I C A L C O M PAT I B I L I T Y G U I D E

CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Amyl Naphthalene 4 1 4 4 1 2 1 1
Aniline 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 1 4 4
Aniline Chloride 4 2 3 4 4 4 2 1 2 1 4 4
Aniline Dyes 4 2 2 3 2 1 2 1
Aniline Hydrochloride 4 2 3 4 4 4 2 1 2 1 4 4
Aniline Oil 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 1 4 4
Aniline Salt 4 2 3 4 4 4 2 1 2 1 4 4
Animal Fats 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Anon 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4
Ant Oil, Artificial 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2
Anthraquinone Sulphonic Acid 2 1 2 4 1 1 1 1
Antifreeze, Automotive 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Antimony Chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Antimony Trichloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Antimony Trioxide 1 1 1 1 1 1
Aqua Regia 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 4 4 4
Argon 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1
Aroclor 1248 3 1 2 3 2 1 1 1
Aroclor 1254 4 1 2 3 1 1 1 1
Aroclor 1260 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Aromatic Fuels 2 1 4 4 2 2 1 1
Arsenic Acid 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Arsenic Chloride 1 4 4 4 4 1
Arsenic Trichloride 1 4 4 4 4 1
Asphalt 2 1 4 4 2 1 1
ASTM FUEL A 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 4 4 4
ASTM FUEL B 2 1 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 1 1 4 4 4
ASTM FUEL C 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 1 1 4 4 4
ASTM FUEL D 2 1 4 4 1 1
ASTM OIL NO. 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 4 4
ASTM OIL NO. 2 1 1 4 3 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 4
ASTM OIL NO. 3 1 1 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 4 4 4
ASTM OIL NO. 4 2 1 4 4 2 2 1 1
ASTM OIL NO. 5 1 1 4 1 1 1
Automatic Transmission Fluid 1 1 4 3 1 2 2 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Automotive Antifreeze
Automotive Brake Fluid 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Barium Chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Barium Hydroxide 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Barium Monosulfide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Barium Salts 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Barium Sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Barium Sulfide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Beef Tallow Emulsion, Sulphonated 1 1 4 2 1 2 2 1 4 4 4
Beer 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Benzaldehyde 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 2
Benzene 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 1 1 4 4 4
Benzenemonosulfonic Acid 4 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Benzenesulfonic Acid 4 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Benzine 1 1 4 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Benzoic Acid 3 1 3 3 1 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Benzoic Aldehyde 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 2
Benzophenone 4 1 2 1 1 1 1
Benzotrichloride 4 1 1 3 1 1
Benzoyl Chloride 4 2 4 2 2 2 1
Benzyl Alcohol 4 1 2 2 4 2 2 1 1
Benzyl Benzoate 4 1 2 1 3 1 1
Benzyl Chloride 4 1 4 4 1 2 1 1
Benzyl Dichloride 4 1 4 4 1 2 1 1
Bicarburetted Hydrogen 1 1 2 1 1 1
Bisulfite Lye 2 1 2 4 2 2 1 1 1
Bitumen 4 1 4 4 1
Black Ash 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Black Liquor 2 2 2 2 2 3
Black Lye 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
Blast Furnace Gas 3 1 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 4 2 2
Bleach 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 4 1 4
Bleach Liquor 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 1
Bleaching Lye 4 2 1 4 4 2 1 4 2 2
Blue Vitriol 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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C H E M I C A L C O M PAT I B I L I T Y G U I D E

CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Boletic Acid 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Bone Oil 1 1 3 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4
Borax Solutions 2 1 1 2 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Bordeaux Mixture 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1
Boric Acid 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Boron Fluids 2 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Brake Fluid DOT3, Glycol Type 4 1 1 4 2 4 1 1 1 1
Brake Fluid, Automotive 4 1 1 4 2 4 1 1 1 1
Brine 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Bromine 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 1 1 1 4 4
Bromine Pentafluoride 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2
Bromine Trifluoride 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2
Bromine Water 4 4 4 4 4
Bromine, Anhydrous 4 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Bromine, Liquid 4 4 4 4 4
Bromobenzene 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 1
Bromochloromethane 4 1 2 4 2 3 1 1
Bromochlorotrifluoroethane 4 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Bromomethane 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 2 1 1 4 4 4
Bromotrifluoromethane 1 2 1 4 2 2 2
Bunker Oil 2 1 4 2 2 1 2 1 1
Butadiene 4 2 4 3 2 1 2 1 1 4 4 4
Butane 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 4
Butanediol 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1
Butanoic Acid 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 4
Butanol 4 1 2 2 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Butter 1 1 1 2 1 4 4
Butyl Acetate 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 1 2 2 4
Butyl Acetyl Ricinoleate 2 1 1 2 1 1 1
Butyl Acrylate 4 4 4 4 4 4 1
Butyl Alcohol 4 1 2 2 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Butyl Benzoate 4 1 1 1 1 1
Butyl Butyrate 4 1 1 1 1 1
Butyl Carbitol 4 1 1 4 4 2 1 1
Butyl Cellosolve 3 4 2 4 3 4 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Butyl Cellosolve Acetate 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
Butyl Ether 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 2 4
Butyl Hydride 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 4
Butyl Oleate 4 1 2 2 1 1 1
Butyl Phenol 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4
Butyl Stearate 2 1 4 2 1 1 1
Butylamine 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 1
Butylene 2 1 4 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 4
Butylene Glycol 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Butyne Diol 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1
Butyraldehyde 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2
Butyric Acid 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 4
Butyric Alcohol 4 1 2 2 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cadmium Cyanide 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcine Liquors 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium Acetate 2 4 1 4 4 1 4 1
Calcium Arsenate 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium Bisulfite 3 1 4 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium Carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium Chloride 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1
Calcium Cyanide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium Diacetate 2 4 1 4 4 1 4 1
Calcium Hydrate 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium Hydrogen Sulfite 3 1 4 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium Hydroxide 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium Hypochlorite 3 2 1 2 4 4 2 4 2 1 1 1 4 1 4
Calcium Nitrate 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium Oxychloride 3 2 1 2 4 4 2 4 2 1 1 1 4 1 4
Calcium Phosphate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium Salts 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Calcium Silicate 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium Sulfide 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Calcium Sulfite 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium Thiosulfate 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Caliche Liquors 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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C H E M I C A L C O M PAT I B I L I T Y G U I D E

CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Camphor 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Camphorated Oil 1 2 4 2 4 1 4 4 4
Cane Sugar Liquors 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Caproic Aldehyde 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4
Caprolactam 1 4 1 2 3 1
Caproyl Alcohol 1 1 3 2 2 1 1
Carbamate 3 1 2 1 1 1
Carbamide 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Carbazole 1 1
Carbitol 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
Carbolic Acid 4 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Carbolineum 4 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 4
Carbon Dioxide, Dry 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
Carbon Dioxide, Wet 1 2 2 1 2 1
Carbon Disulfide 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 4 4 4
Carbon Monoxide, Dry 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Carbon Monoxide, Wet 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Carbon Tetrabromide 4 1 4 4 2 3 1 1
Carbon Tetrachloride 3 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 1 1 4 4 4
Carbonic Acid 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Castor Oil 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Caustic Lime 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Caustic Potash 2 3 1 3 2 4 2 4 3 1 2 1 2 1 2
Caustic Soda 2 4 1 3 2 2 4 3 1 3 1 2 1 2
Cellosolve 4 4 2 4 4 1 4 1 2
Cellosolve Acetate 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 1
Cement, Portland 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cetane 1 1 4 4 3 1 1 1
Chloral Hydrate, Aqueous 4 2 2 4 4 1 4 2 4
Chloramine 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
Chlordane 2 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Chlorethanol 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4
Chlorextol 2 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Chloric Acid 4 2 2 4 4 1 4 2 4
Chloride of Lime, Aqueous 4 1 1 4 4 4 1 4 1 4

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Chlorinated Lime 3 2 1 2 4 4 2 4 2 1 1 1 4 1 4
Chlorinated Naphthalene 4 1 4 4 2 4 1 1
Chlorinated Salt Brine 4 1 4 1 1 1
Chlorinated Solvents 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 1
Chlorine Dioxide 4 2 3 2 3 2 2
Chlorine Trifluoride 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2
Chlorine Water 4 1 2 4 4 4 1 1 1 4 2 4
Chlorine, Dry Gas 4 1 4 4 1 3 1 1
Chlorine, Liquid 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 4
Chlorine, Wet 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 3 1 2 4 2 4
Chlorine, Wet Gas 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 4
Chloroacetic Acid 3 4 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 1 4
Chloroacetone 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 1
Chloroaniline 4 3 2 2 3 1
Chlorobenzene 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 1 2 4 4 4
Chlorobenzotrifluoride 4 1 4 4 2 1 1
Chlorobromomethane 4 2 2 4 2 3 1 2 2
Chlorobutadiene 4 1 4 4 2 3 1 1
Chlorododecane 4 1 4 4 1 2 1 1
Chloroethane 2 2 3 4 2 2 2 4 1 2 1 1 2 2 2
Chloroethylbenzene 4 2 4 4 2 2 2 1
Chloroform 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 1 4 4 4
Chlorohydrin 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chloromethane 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 1 1 4 4 4
Chloronitroethane 4 4 4 4 4 4 1
Chloronitrous Acid 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 4 4 4
Chloropentafluoroethane 1 2 1 4 2 2
Chlorophenol 4 1 4 4 2 1 1
Chloroprene 4 1 4 4 2 3 1 1
Chloropropylene Oxide 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2
Chlorosulfonic Acid 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4
Chlorotoluene 4 1 4 4 2 1 1
Chlorotrifluoromethane 1 2 1 4 2 2 1 4 1 2 1 1
Chrome Alum 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
Chrome Plating Solution 4 1 2 2 2 1 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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C H E M I C A L C O M PAT I B I L I T Y G U I D E

CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Chromic Acid 4 1 2 3 4 4 3 1 1 1 4 4
Chromic Anhydride 4 1 2 3 4 4 3 1 1 1 4 4
Chromic Oxide 4 1 2 1 1 1
Chromic Trioxide 4 1 2 3 4 4 3 1 1 1 4 4
Chromium Potassium Sulfate 2 1 2 2 1 1
Cinene 2 1 4 4 2 4 3 3 1 1 4 4 4
Cinnamene 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 1 4 4 4
Citric Acid 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Clorox 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1
Coal Oil 1 1 4 3 2 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 4
Coal Tar 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1
Cobalt Chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Cobaltous Chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Coconut Fat 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Coconut Fatty Alcohol 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2
Coconut Oil 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 4
Cod Liver Oil 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Coke Oven Gas 4 1 4 2 4 4 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Coolanol 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1
Copper Acetate 2 4 1 4 4 4 4 1
Copper Chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Copper Cyanide 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Copper Fluoride 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Copper Nitrate 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Copper Salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Copper Sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Corn Syrup 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Cottonseed Oil 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Creosote, Coal Tar 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1
Cresol 4 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Cresylic Acid 4 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Crotonaldehyde 4 1 2 2 1 2
Crotonic Acid 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 1
Crude Oil, Asphalt Base 2 1 4 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Cumene 4 1 4 4 2 3 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Cutting Oil 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1
Cyanogen Chloride 4 2 3 3 2 1
Cyclohexane 1 1 4 3 1 1 4 2 2 2 1 1 4 4 4
Cyclohexanol 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Cyclohexanone 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 4
Cyclohexylamine 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4
Cymene 4 1 4 4 2 1 1
Cymol 4 1 4 4 2 1 1
DDT 4 1 4 4 1 1 1
Decahydronaphthalene 4 1 4 4 1 1 1
Decalin 4 1 4 4 1 1 1
Decane 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1
Deionized Water 2 1 2 2 2 1
Delco Brake Fluid 3 4 1 3 4 1 4 1
Detergent Solutions 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Detergents 1 2 1 1 2 2 4 1 2
Developing Fluids 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Dextrin 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1
Dextron 1 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Diacetone 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4 4 1 1 1 1
Diacetone Alcohol 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4 4 1 1 1 1
Diacetylmethane 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 1
Diamine 2 4 1 3 4 1 4 2
Diazinon 3 2 4 4 2 4 4 1
Dibenzyl Ether 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 1 4 2 4
Dibenzyl Sebacate 4 2 2 3 3 1 2 1
Dibromodifluoromethane 4 2 4 1
Dibromoethylbenzene 4 1 4 4 2 4 1 1
Dibromomethane 2 1 4 1 1 1
Dibromotetrafluoroethane 2 2 4 4 4 2 2
Dibutyl Ether 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 2 4
Dibutyl Phthalate 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 1 4 4
Dibutyl Sebacate 4 1 3 2 4 4 2 2 1 2 4 4 4
Dibutylamine 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 1
Dicapryl Phthalate 4 2 2 3 2 2 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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C H E M I C A L C O M PAT I B I L I T Y G U I D E

CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Dichloracetic Acid 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 4 1 4
Dichlorethane 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4
Dichlorethylene 4 2 4 4 2 4 4
Dichloroaniline 3 2 1
Dichlorobenzene 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 3 1 1 4 4 4
Dichlorobutane 2 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Dichlorobutene 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4
Dichlorodiethyl Sulfide 1 1 1
Dichlorodifluoromethane 1 2 2 4 2 1 1 4 4 1 2 2 2 2
Dichloroethylene 2 1 1
Dichlorofluoromethane 4 4 4 4 4 1
Dichloroisopropyl Ether 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 1
Dichloromethane 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 1 4 4 4
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 1
Dicyclohexylamine 3 4 4 4 3 4 1
Diesel Fuel 1 1 4 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 4 4 4
Diesel Oil 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1
Di-Ester Synthetic Lubricants 2 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Diethyl Ether 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 4 4
Diethyl Sebacate 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 4
Diethyl Sulfate 4 4 1 1 4 1
Diethylamine 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 1 4
Diethylbenzene 4 1 4 4 3 3 1 1
Diethylene Glycol 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether 4 3 1 4 4 2 3 1
Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether 4 1 1 4 4 2 1 1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate 4 2 2 3 2 2 2 1
Diethylhexyl Sebacate 4 2 2 3 3 1 2 1
Diglycolic Acid 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Dihexyl Phtalate 4 4 4 4 2 4 4
Diisobutyl Ketone 4 4 1 4 4 2 2 1 4
Diisobutylene 2 1 4 4 3 1 1
Diisooctyl Sebacate 3 2 3 3 3 2 1
Diisopropyl Ketone 4 4 1 4 4 4 1
Diisopropylbenzene 4 1 4 2 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Diisopropylidene Acetone 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 1
Dimethyl Acetamide 4 1
Dimethyl Ether 3 3 3 1 4 4 1 4 3 2 2 1 4
Dimethyl Formamide 4 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 3 1 2 2 2 4
Dimethyl Ketone 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 1 1
Dimethyl Phthalate 4 1 2 2 2 1 1
Dimethyl Sulfoxide 3 4 1 2 3 1
Dimethyl Terephthalate 2 1
Dimethylamine 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 1 4
Dimethylaniline 3 4 2 4 4 4 1
Dimethylbenzene 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 1 4 4 4
Dinitrotoluene 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1
Dinonyl Phthalate 4 4 4 4 2 4 4
Dioctyl Phthalate 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4
Dioctyl Sebacate 4 4 4 4 2 4 4
Dioxane 4 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 2 2 2
Dioxolane 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 1
Dipentene 2 1 4 4 2 4 3 3 1 1 4 4 4
Diphenyl 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 3 1 1 4 4 4
Diphenyl Oxide 4 1 4 3 2 2 1 1
Dodecyl Alcohol 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2
Drinking Water 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Dry Cleaning Fluids 3 1 4 4 2 3 1 2
Engine Oils 1 1 4 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Epichlorohydrin 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2
Epoxy Resins 3 4 1 2 4 1
Epsom Salts 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1
Ethanamide 1 3 1 2 1 2 3 1
Ethane 1 1 4 3 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 4 4 4
Ethanethiol 4 2 3 3 2 1
Ethanol 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 1
Ethanolamine 4 4 2 2 4 4 1
Ethene 1 1 2 1 1 1
Ethers 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 1
Ethine 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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C H E M I C A L C O M PAT I B I L I T Y G U I D E

CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Ethyl Acetate 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 1 4 4 4
Ethyl Acetoacetate 4 4 2 2 4 4 1
Ethyl Acrylate 4 4 2 3 4 4 4 3 4 2 2
Ethyl Alcohol 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 1
Ethyl Aldehyde 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 2
Ethyl Benzene 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 1 1 4 4 4
Ethyl Benzoate 4 1 4 4 1 3 1 1
Ethyl Bromide 2 1 4 1 1 1 1
Ethyl Cellulose 2 4 2 3 4 4 1
Ethyl Chloride 2 2 3 4 2 2 2 4 1 2 1 1 2 2 2
Ethyl Chloroformate 4 1 4 4 2 2 1 1
Ethyl Cyanide 1 1 4 1 1 1
Ethyl Cyclopentane 1 1 4 4 1 2 1 1
Ethyl Dibromide 4 1 3 2 1 1
Ethyl Dichloride 4 1 3 1 1 1
Ethyl Ether 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 2 2 4
Ethyl Formate 4 1 2 1 1 1 2
Ethyl Hexanol 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
Ethyl Mercaptan 4 2 3 3 2 1
Ethyl Methyl Ketone 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 1 4 2 4
Ethyl Oxalate 4 1 1 4 2 1 1
Ethyl Pentachlorobenzene 4 2 4 4 2 2 2 1
Ethyl Silicate 1 1 1 4 1 1 1
Ethyl Sulfhydrate 4 2 3 3 2 1
Ethyl T-Butyl Ether 3 2 3 2 1 1
Ethylacetic Acid 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 4
Ethylamine 4 4 1
Ethylchlorocarbonate 4 1 4 4 2 2 1 1
Ethylene 1 1 2 1 1 1
Ethylene Alcohol 1 2 1 2 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
Ethylene Bromide 4 1 3 4 3 1 1
Ethylene Chloride 4 2 3 4 2 2 2 4 3 2 1 2 2 2
Ethylene Chlorohydrin 4 1 2 3 2 1 1 1
Ethylene Diamine 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 1 2
Ethylene Dibromide 4 1 3 4 3 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

156
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Ethylene Dichloride 4 2 3 4 2 2 2 4 3 2 1 2 2 2
Ethylene Glycol 1 2 1 2 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
Ethylene Glycol Butyl Ether Acetate 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
Ethylene Glycol Ethyl Ether Acetate 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 1
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether 3 4 2 4 3 4 1
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether 3 4 2 4 3 4 1
Ethylene Oxide 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1
Ethylene Trichloride 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 2 4 4 4
Ethylenediamine 1 4 1 1 4 2 3 2
Ethylmorpholinestannous Octotate 4 4 2 4 1
Ethyne 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Exhaust Gases, Containing Carbon Dioxide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Exhaust Gases, Containing Carbon Monoxide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Exhaust Gases, Containing Hydrogen Chloride 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Exhaust Gases, Containing Hydrogen Fluoride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Exhaust Gases, Containing Nitrous Gases 1 1 4 1 4 2 1 4 2
Exhaust Gases, Containing Sulphur Dioxide 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2
Exhaust Gases, Containing Sulphuric Acid 4 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 2
Fatty Acids 2 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 1
Fatty Alcohol 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
FC 11 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 2
FC 112 2 1 4 4 2 4 1 2
FC 113 2 2 4 4 2 2 1 4 4 2 2
FC 114 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 1
FC 114B2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2
FC 115 1 2 1 4 2 2
FC 116 1 2 1 2 2
FC 12 1 2 2 4 2 1 1 4 4 1 2 2 2 2
FC 13 1 2 1 4 2 2 1 4 1 2 1 1
FC 134A 2 4 1 2 1 4
FC 13B1 1 2 1 4 2 2 2
FC 14 1 1 1 4 1 1
FC 142B 2 2 4 4 2 2
FC 143A 4 1 4 4 2 2 1 1
FC 152A 1 4 1 4 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

157
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C H E M I C A L C O M PAT I B I L I T Y G U I D E

CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
FC 21 4 4 4 4 4 1
FC 218 1 1 1 1 2
FC 22 4 4 2 4 4 2 1 3 4 1 1 1 1
FC 31 4 4 1 4 2
FC 32 1 4 1 4 4 1
FC 43 1 1 1 1 1 3 1
FC 502, F22 and F316 2 2 1 2 2
FC 70 1 2 2
FC 75 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 4
FC BF Solvent 2 1 4 4 2 4 1 2
FC C-316 1 1 1 1 2
FC C-318 1 2 1 4 2 2
FC MF Solvent 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 2
FC PCA 1 2 4 4 4 2 3
FC TA 1 3 2 3 3 2
FC TC 1 1 2 4 1 2
FC TF Solvent 2 2 4 4 2 2 1 4 4 2 2
FC TMC 2 1 3 3 1 2
FC T-P35 1 1 1 1 1 2
FC T-WD602 2 1 2 4 1 2
Fermentation Gas 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 4 4
Ferric Chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Ferric Nitrate 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
Ferric Sulfate 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Fish Oil 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Flaxseed Oil 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Fluorine Gas 4 2 4 4 4 2 2 4
Fluorobenzene 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 4 4 4
Fluoroboric Acid 1 1 1
Fluorosilicic Acid 1 2 2 4 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 1 1
Fomblin 1 1 1
Formaldehyde 3 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 1 1 1
Formalin 3 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 1 1 1
Formamide 4 3 1 4 4 2 3 1 1 1
Formic Acid 3 4 2 2 4 4 4 3 3 4 2 2 2 2

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

158
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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Formic Aldehyde 3 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 1 1 1
Freon Mf Solvent 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 2
Fuel Oil 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1
Fumaric Acid 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Furaldehyde 4 4 2 4 4 2
Furan 4 4 4 4 4 1
Furane 4 4 2
Furfural 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2
Furfuraldehyde 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2
Furfuran 4 4 4 4 4 1
Furfuryl Alcohol 4 4 2 4 4 4 2 3 2
Furnace Gas, Dry 4 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1
Furyl Carbinol 4 4 2 4 4 4 2 3 2
Galden 1 2 2 4
Gallic Acid 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
Gas Liquor 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4
Gas Oil 1 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Gasoline 1 1 4 4 1 2 1 1
Gasoline/Alcohol Blend 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 1 1 4 4 4
Gelatin 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Glaubers Salt 4 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Glucose 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Glycerin 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Glycerol Chlorhydrin 4 2 4 4 2 2 2 2
Glycine, Aqueous, 10% 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2
Glycol Chlorohydrin 4 1 2 3 2 1 1 1
Glycolic Acid 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Glycols 1 2 1 2 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
Grain Alcohol 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 1
Gray Acetate 2 4 1 4 4 1 4 1
Green Sulfate Liquor 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2
Halothane 4 1 4 4 2 1 1 2
Halowax Oil 4 1 4 4 1 1 1 2
Hartshorn 3 4 1 1 4 2 1 3 1 1 1 1
Heavy Water 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
HEF-2 2 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Helium 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Heptane 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 4 4 4
Hexachloroacetone 4 4 1 4 4 1
Hexachlorobutadiene 4 1 4 1 4 4
Hexachlorocyclohexane 1 2 1 4 4
Hexadecane 1 1 4 4 3 1 1 1
Hexafluoroethane 1 2 1 2 2
Hexahydrobenzene 1 1 4 3 1 1 4 2 2 2 1 1 4 4 4
Hexahydrophenol 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Hexahydropyridine 4 4 4 4 4 4 1
Hexaldehyde 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4
Hexamethylene 1 1 4 3 1 1 4 2 2 2 1 1 4 4 4
Hexanaphthalene 1 1 4 3 1 1 4 2 2 2 1 1 4 4 4
Hexane 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 4
Hexane Triol 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
Hexanedioic Acid 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Hexanol 1 1 3 2 2 1 1
Hexene-1 2 1 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 4 4 4
Hexyl Alcohol 1 1 3 2 2 1 1
Hydraulic Fluids, Hydraulic Oils DIN 51524 1 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Hydraulic Fluids,Oil-in-Water Emulsions HFA 1 4 1 2 1 4 4 4
Hydraulic Fluids,Phosphoric Acid Ester HFD 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4
Hydraulic Fluids,
Polyglycol-Water Emulsions HFC 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Hydraulic Fluids,
Water-in-Oil Emulsions HFB 4 2 1 4 4 4
Hydrazine 2 4 1 3 4 1 4 2
Hydrazine Hydrate 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 4 1 2
Hydrobromic Acid 3 1 1 4 2 4 2 3 1 1 1 1
Hydrochloric Acid 1 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 1 1
Hydrochloric Acid, Concentrated 3 1 2 4 4 4 3 1 1 2 1 2
Hydrochloric Acid, Hot 37% 4 1 3 3 2 1 1 1
Hydrocyanic Acid 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
Hydrofluoric Acid 4 1 4 4 4 1 1
Hydrofluoric Acid, Anhydrous 4 1 3 4 4 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Hydrofluoric Acid, Concentrated Cold 2 2 2 2
Hydrofluoric Acid, Concentrated Hot 4 3 4 4 4 3 1
Hydrofluorosilicic Acid 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 1
Hydrogen Bromide 3 1 1 4 2 4 2 3 1 1 1 1
Hydrogen Chloride, Anhydrous 4 1 1 1 1 1
Hydrogen Chloride, Gas 4 1 1 4 4 1 2 1 2
Hydrogen Cyanide 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
Hydrogen Dioxide 3 1 1 2 4 4 2 1 1 1 4 1 4
Hydrogen Fluoride, Anhydrous 4 2 4 4 2
Hydrogen Gas 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Hydrogen Peroxide 3 1 1 2 4 4 2 1 1 1 4 1 4
Hydrogen Sulfide, Dry Cold 2 3 1 3 2 2 3 1 4 1 2 1 2
Hydrogen Sulfide, Dry Hot 1 4 1 3 3 1 4 1
Hydrogen Sulfide, Wet Cold 2 3 1 3 2 2 3 1 4 1 2 1 1
Hydrogen Sulfide, Wet Hot 1 4 1 3 3 1 4 1
Hydroquinone 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 2
Hydrosulphite, Aqueous 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1
Hydroxy Benzene 4 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Hydroxylamine Sulfate 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1
Hydroxymethylbenzene 4 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Hydyne 2 4 1 4 4 4 2
Hypnone 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 1
Hypochlorous Acid 4 1 2 1 1
Ink 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Iodine 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
Iodine Pentafluoride 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2
Iodine, Tincture 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 2 1 1 1 1
Iodoform 1 1 1 1
Isobutanol 2 1 1 1 2 4 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Isobutene 2 1 4 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 4
Isobutyl Alcohol 2 1 1 1 2 4 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Isobutyl Aldehyde 3 4 2 4 4 2
Isobutyl Chloride 4 1 4 4 1 1
Isobutyl Ether 2 4 4 4 4 1
Isobutyl N-Butyrate 4 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Isobutylene 2 1 4 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 4
Isobutyraldehyde 3 4 2 4 4 2
Isobutyric Acid 2 4 2 3 4 1
Isododecane 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1
Isooctane 1 1 4 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4
Isophorone 4 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 2 1
Isopropanol 2 1 1 1 2 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Isopropyl Acetate 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4
Isopropyl Alcohol 2 1 1 1 2 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Isopropyl Benzene 4 1 4 4 2 3 1 1
Isopropyl Chloride 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 1 1 4 4 4
Isopropyl Ether 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4
Isopropyl Toluene 4 1 4 4 2 1 1
JP-3 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 2 1 2 1 1 4 4 4
JP-4 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 2 2 2 1 1 4 4 4
JP-5 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 2 2 2 1 1 4 4 4
JP-6 1 1 4 4 2 2 4 2 2 2 1 1 4 4 4
JP-8 4 1 4 4 2 2 1 1
JP-9 3 1 4 4 2 1 1
JP-10 3 1 4 4 1 1 1
JP-X 1 4 4 2 4 1
Kel-F Liquids 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 3
Kerosene 1 1 4 3 2 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 4
Lacquer Solvents 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1
Lacquers 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1
Lactams 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 4
Lactic Acid, Cold 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Lactic Acid, Hot 4 1 4 2 2 1 1
Lard 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Laughing Gas 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Lauryl Alcohol 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2
Lavender Oil 2 1 4 4 2 4 2 2 1 1 1
Lead Acetate 2 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 1 1
Lead Nitrate 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Lead Oxide 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Lemon Juice, Undiluted 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
Lichenic Acid 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Light Grease 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 1
Ligroin 1 1 4 4 1 2 1 1
Lime Acetate 2 4 1 4 4 1 4 1
Lime Bleach 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Lime Hydrate 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Lime Sulfur 4 1 1 1 1 1 1
Limonene 2 1 4 4 2 4 3 3 1 1 4 4 4
Lindol 4 2 2 3 4 2 4 0 2 1 1 1 4 2 4
Linoleic Acid 2 2 4 2 2 1 2 1
Linseed Oil 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1 1 4 3 3 2 1 1
Liquid Oxygen 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2
Liquor 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Lithium Bromide 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Lithium Chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Lithium Hydroxide 2 3 1 1 3 1
Lye 2 3 1 3 2 4 2 4 3 1 2 1 2 1 2
Machine Oil, Mineral 1 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Magnesium Chloride 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1
Magnesium Hydrate 2 2 1 1 2 1
Magnesium Hydroxide 2 2 1 1 2 1
Magnesium Salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Magnesium Sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1
Magnesium Sulfite 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Maize Oil 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4
Malathion 2 1 4 4 2 1 1
Maleic Acid 4 1 4 1 1 1
Maleic Anhydride 4 1 4 1 1 1
Malic Acid 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1
Margarine 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Marsh Gas 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2
MEA 4 4 2 2 4 4 1
MEK 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 1 4 2 4

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Menthol 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4
Mercaptobenzothiazole 3 1 1 1 1 1
Mercuric Chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1
Mercury 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Mercury Salts 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Mercury Vapor 1 1 1 1 1 1
Mesityl Oxide 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 2
Methacrylic Acid 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 1
Methanal 3 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 1 1 1
Methane 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2
Methanecarboxylic Acid 3 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 4 2 4
Methanoic Acid 3 4 2 2 4 4 4 3 3 4 2 2 2 2
Methanol 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Methoxy Butanol 1 1 2 1 2 1 4 2 4
Methyl 2-Pyrrolidone 2 2 2 2 1 1
Methyl Acetate 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 1
Methyl Acetoacetate 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 1
Methyl Acrylate 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4
Methyl Alcohol 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Methyl Benzene 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 1 4 4 4
Methyl Benzoate 4 1 4 4 1 2 2 1
Methyl Bromide 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 2 1 1 4 4 4
Methyl Butanethiol 4 1 4 4 1 1 1
Methyl Butanol 2 3 1 4 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Methyl Butanone 4 4 2 4 4 4 1
Methyl Butyl Ketone 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 1
Methyl Carbonate 4 1 4 4 2 2 1 1
Methyl Cellosolve 3 4 2 4 4 1 4 1
Methyl Cellulose 2 4 2 2 4 1 4 1
Methyl Chloride 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 1 1 4 4 4
Methyl Chloroform 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 1
Methyl Chloroformate 4 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Methyl Ether 3 3 3 1 4 4 1 4 3 2 2 1 4
Methyl Ethyl Ketone 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 1 4 2 4
Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide 4 4 4 2 4 4 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Methyl Formate 4 4 2 4 4 1
Methyl Hydride 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 2 4
Methyl Isopropyl Ketone 4 4 2 4 4 4 1
Methyl Methacrylate 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4
Methyl Oleate 4 1 2 2 1 1 1
Methyl Phenol 4 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Methyl Salicylate 4 2 1
Methyl T-Butyl Ether 3 4 3 2 2 1
Methylamine 4 4 1 4 2 2 1 2
Methylcyclopentane 4 1 4 4 2 2 2 1
Methylene Bromide 2 1 4 1 1 1
Methylene Chloride 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 1 4 4 4
Methylene Chlorobromide 4 1 2 4 2 3 1 1
Methylpropylbenzene 4 1 4 4 2 1 1
MIBK 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 2 4
Milk 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Milk of Lime 4 1 4 2 1 4 2
Mineral Oils 1 1 4 2 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4
Mineral Water 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Mixed Acid Etchants 4 3 4 4 4 3 2 1
Molasses 1 1 2 1 2 1 4 2 4
Molybdenum Disulfide Grease 1 1 4 1 1 1
Monobromobenzene 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4
Monochloracetic Acid 3 4 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 1 4
Monochloracetic Acid, Ethyl Ester 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4
Monochloracetic Acid, Methyl Ester 4 2 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 4
Monochlorodifluoromethane 4 4 2 4 4 2 1 3 4 1 1 1 1
Monoethanolamine 4 4 2 2 4 4 1
Monomethyl Hydrazine 2 4 1 4 2 4 2
Monomethylaniline 4 2 4 2 2 1
Monovinyl Acetylene 1 1 1 2 3 1 1
Mopar Brake Fluid 3 4 1 3 4 1 4 1
Morpholine 4 2 4 4 4 2 4
Muriatic Acid 1 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Myristyl Alcohol 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Naftolen ZD 2 1 4 2 4 1 4 4 4
Naphtha 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 1 1
Naphthalene 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 3 1 1 4 4 4
Naphthenic Acid 2 1 4 4 1 1 1 1
Naphthoic Acid 2 1 2 1 1
Natural Gas 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 4 4
Neatsfoot Oil 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Neon 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Neville Acid 4 1 2 4 2 1 1 1
Nickel Acetate 2 4 1 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 2 1 1 1
Nickel Ammonium Sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 1
Nickel Chloride 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Nickel Sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Niter 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Nitric Acid, 050% 3 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 4 2 2
Nitric Acid, 50100% 4 2 4 4 4 3 2 1
Nitric Acid, Concentrated 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Nitric Acid, Red Fuming 4 3 4 4 4 3 2 1
Nitric Acid, White Fuming 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Nitrobenzene 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 4
Nitroethane 4 4 2 4 4 4 1
Nitrogen 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Nitrogen Dioxide 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 4
Nitrogen Tetroxide 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 4
Nitroglycerine 4 1 1 4 1 2 1 2
Nitroglycol 4 1 1 4 2 1 1
Nitrohydrochloric Acid 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 4 4 4
Nitromethane 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 2 2 2
Nitromuriatic Acid 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 4 4 4
Nitropropane 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 1 2 2 2
Nitrotoluene, Ortho 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Nitrous Gases 4 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 4
Nitrous Oxide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Norway Saltpeter 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Octachlorotoluene 4 1 4 4 2 1 1
Octadecane 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1
Octafluorocyclobutane 1 2 1 4 2 2
Octane 2 1 4 4 2 1 1
Octyl Alcohol 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2
Octyl Cresol 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4
Oil of Turpentine 2 1 4 2 4 1 4 4 4
Oleic Acid 2 2 4 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 4 4 4
Oleum 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 1 4 2 4
Oleyl Alcohol 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Olive Oil 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Orthoarsenic Acid 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Orthochloroethyl Benzene 4 1 4 4 2 4 1 1
Oxalic Acid 3 1 1 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 4 1 2
Oxygen, Hot 4 3 4 2 1 4 3 1
Oxygen, Liquid 4 4 4 4 4 2
Ozonated Deionized Water 1 2 2 1
Ozone 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 2 4
Paint Thinner 4 2 4 4 2 3 2 1
Palm Kernel Fatty Acid 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 4 4
Palmitic Acid 2 1 3 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4
Paper Makers Alum 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1
Paraffin Emulsions 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4
Paraffin Oil 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4
Paraffins 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 4 4
Par-Al-Ketone 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2
Peanut Oil 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1
Pearl Ash 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Pectin 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Pentachlorodiphenyl 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Pentaerythritol 1 1 1 1 1 1
Pentamethylene Amine 4 4 4 4 4 4 1
Pentane 1 1 4 4 1 2 3 1 4 4 4
Pentanedione-2,4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 1
Pentanol 2 3 1 4 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Pentasol 2 3 1 4 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Peracetic Acid, < 1% 4 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4
Peracetic Acid, < 10% 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4
Perchloric Acid 4 1 2 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 4 1 4
Perchloroethylene 3 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 1 1 4 4 4
Perchloromethane 3 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 1 1 4 4 4
Petrol 2 1 4 4 2 1 2 2 1 1 4 4 4
Petrol/Benzene Mixture, 50/50% 4 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 1 4 4 4
Petrol/Benzene Mixture, 60/40% 4 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 1 4 4 4
Petrol/Benzene Mixture, 70/30% 2 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 1 1 4 4 4
Petrol/Benzene Mixture, 80/20% 2 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 1 1 4 4 4
Petrol/Benzene/Ethanol, 50/30/20% 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 1 4 4 4
Petrolatum 1 1 4 4 1 1
Petroleum < 121C/250F 1 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Petroleum > 121C/250F 3 2 4 3 1 1 2 1 3 2 2 1 4 4 4
Petroleum Asphalt 2 1 4 4 2 1 1
Petroleum Ether 1 1 4 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Petroleum Oil, Crude 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1
Phenetole 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4
Phenol 4 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Phenol Sulfonic Acid 1 1 1
Phenol, 85% 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 4
Phenolsulfonic Acid 1 1 1
Phenyl Benzene 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 3 1 1 4 4 4
Phenyl Bromide 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 1
Phenyl Chloride 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 1 2 4 4 4
Phenyl Ether 4 1 4 3 2 2 1 1
Phenyl Ethyl Ether 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4
Phenyl Fluoride 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 4 4 4
Phenyl Hydrazine 2 2 4 2 4 1 4 4 4
Phenyl Methyl Ketone 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 1
Phenylamine 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 1 4 4
Phenylbenzene 4 1 4 4 2 3 1 1
Phenylenediamine 4 1
Phenylethane 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 1 1 4 4 4

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Phenylethyl Ether 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1
Phenylethylene 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 1 4 4 4
Phenylhydrazine 4 1 4 4 1 1 1
Phenylhydrazine Chlorhydrate 2 2 1 2 4 2 4 1 4
Phenylsulfonic Acid 4 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Phorone 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 1
Phosphine 4 2 1 4 2 2 1 1
Phosphoric Acid, 20% 4 1 1 3 4 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1
Phosphoric Acid, 80% 4 1 1 4 3 1 1 1
Phosphorous Chloride 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 1 2 1 1
Phosphorous Oxychloride 4 4
Phosphorous Trichloride 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 1 2 1 1
Photographic Developer 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Photographic Emulsions 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Photographic Fixing Baths 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Phthalic Acid 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 1
Phthalic Anhydride 3 4 2 3 4 1
Pickling Solution 4 2 3 4 4 2 2 2 2
Picric Acid 2 1 2 4 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2
Picric Acid, Aqueous 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Pine Needle Oil 2 1 4 2 2 1 4 1 1 1 4 4 4
Pine Oil 1 1 4 4 1 1 1
Pinene 2 1 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 1
Piperidine 4 4 4 4 4 4 1
Plating Solution, Chrome 4 1 2 4 2 1 1 1
Plating Solution, Others 1 1 1 4 1 1 1
Polyethylene Glycol 2 3 1 1 3 1
Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion 1 3 1 1 3 1
Portland Cement
Potash 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Potash Muriate 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Potassium Acetate 2 3 1 4 2 2 2 4 4 1 1 1 1
Potassium Acid Sulfate 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1
Potassium Bichromate 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 2
Potassium Bisulfate 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

169
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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Potassium Borate, Aqueous 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1
Potassium Bromate, 10% 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1
Potassium Bromide 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1
Potassium Carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Potassium Chlorate 4 1 1 4 4 2 1 2 1 2
Potassium Chloride 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Potassium Chromate 2 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 1 1
Potassium Copper Cyanide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Potassium Cyanide 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Potassium Dichromate 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 2
Potassium Hydrate 2 3 1 3 2 4 2 4 3 1 2 1 2 1 2
Potassium Hydrogen Sulfate 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1
Potassium Hydroxide 2 3 1 3 2 4 2 4 3 1 2 1 2 1 2
Potassium Iodide 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 1
Potassium Muriate 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Potassium Nitrate 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Potassium Perchlorate 4 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4
Potassium Permanganate 4 2 1 4 2 1 4 1 2
Potassium Persulfate 4 1 1 4 4 1 4 1 2
Potassium Sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Potassium Sulfite 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Potassium, Molten 4
Prestone Antifreeze 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Producer Gas 1 1 4 2 2 1 1 1
Propane 1 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 4
Propanediol 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Propanol 2 2 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Propargyl Alcohol 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
Propene 4 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Propenenitrile 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 1 4 4 4
Propenyl Alcohol 2 4 1 2 4 2 1 1 1 1
Propionic Acid 1 1 1 2 1
Propyl Acetate 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 1
Propyl Alcohol 2 1 1 1 2 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Propyl Nitrate 4 1 2 4 4 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Propyl Propionate 4 4 2 4 4 4 1
Propylacetone 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 1
Propylene 4 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Propylene Glycol 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Propylene Oxide 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2
Propylformic Acid 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 4
Pyranol Transformer Oil 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1
Pyridine 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 1 4 4
Pyroligneous Acid 4 4 2 4 4 4 1
Pyrrole 4 4 4 2 3 4 1 4 4 4
Quicksilver 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Radiation, Gamma, 1.0 E+07 Rads 3 4 1 2 4 1 4 2
Rapeseed Oil 2 1 2 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2
Ricinus Oil 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Sagrotan 2 1 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 1
Sal Ammoniac 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Salicylic Acid 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Salt Water 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sea Water 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Sewage 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1
Silicate Esters 2 1 4 4 1 1 1 1
Silicic Acid, Aqueous 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Silicone Greases 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Silicone Oils 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Silver Nitrate 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2
Silver Salts, Aqueous 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2
Slaked Lime 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Soap Solutions 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Soda Ash 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Soda, Aqueous 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Acetate 2 4 1 4 4 2 4 1
Sodium Acid Sulfite 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Benzoate 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Sodium Bicarbonate 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Bisulfate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Sodium Bisulfite 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Borate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Chlorate 4 1 1 4 4 1 4 1 4
Sodium Chloride 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Cyanide 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1
Sodium Dioxide 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 1
Sodium Hydrogen Sulfite 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Hydroxide 2 4 1 3 2 2 4 3 1 3 1 2 1 2
Sodium Hypochlorite 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 4 1 4
Sodium Metaphosphate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Nitrate 2 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Nitrite 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Sodium Perborate 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Sodium Peroxide 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 1
Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Silicate 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Sulfate 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Sodium Sulfate Decahydrate 4 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Sulfate, Anhydrous 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Sulfide 2 1 1 2 2 1 4 2 2
Sodium Sulfite 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Superoxide 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 1
Sodium Thiosulfate 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium Tripolyphosphate 4 2 1 1 2 1
Sodium, Molten 4
Sour Crude Oil 3 1 4 4 4 1 1
Sour Natural Gas 3 1 4 4 4 1 1
Soybean Oil 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1
Stannic Chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Stannous Chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Starch Syrup 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Starch, Aqueous 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Steam < 149C/300F 4 2 1 3 4 2 2 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Steam > 149C/300F 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 2
Stearic Acid 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 1
Stoddard Solvent 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 1
Styrene 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 1 4 4 4
Succinic Acid 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1
Sucrose Solutions 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sugar Syrup 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sulfite Liquors 2 1 2 4 2 1 1
Sulfolane 2 2 1 1 2 1
Sulfur 1 1 1 1
Sulfur Chloride 4 1 4 3 4 4 1 1 1 1
Sulfur Dioxide, Aqueous 4 3 1 2 4 4 2 2 2 1 4 1 2
Sulfur Dioxide, Liquefied 4 1 1 4 4 1 4 1
Sulfur Hexafluoride 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 1
Sulfur Trioxide 4 1 2 2 2 2 1 1
Sulfur, Molten 4 1 3 3 1 1 1 1
Sulfuric Acid 2 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 2
Sulfuric Acid, Concentrated Room Temp 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 1 2
Sulfurous Acid 2 3 2 4 1 1 1
Sulfuryl Chloride 4 1 2 4 4 1 2 2 2
Super Shell Gasoline 1 1 4 4 2 3 1 1
Tallow 1 1 4 1 2 1 4 4 4
Tannic Acid 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Tanning Extract 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Tar Oil 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4
Tar, Bituminous 3 1 4 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 4 4 4
Tartaric Acid 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
T-Butyl Alcohol 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1
T-Butyl Mercaptan 4 1 4 4 1 1 1
T-Butylcatechol 4 1 2 1 1 1 1
TCP 4 2 2 3 4 2 4 0 2 1 1 1 4 2 4
Terpineol 2 1 3 1 1 1 1
Tetrabromomethane 4 1 4 4 2 3 1 1
Tetrabutyl Titanate 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 1
Tetrachlorodifluoroethane 2 1 4 4 2 4 1 2

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Tetrachloroethane 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 1 1 4 4 4
Tetrachloroethylene 3 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 1 1 4 4 4
Tetrachloromethane 3 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 1 1 4 4 4
Tetraethyl Lead 2 1 4 2 4 2 3 1 1
Tetraethylorthosilicate 1 1 1 4 1 1 1
Tetrafluoromethane 1 1 1 4 1 1
Tetrahydrofuran 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 4 4 4
Tetrahydronaphthalene 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 1 4 4 4
Thionyl Chloride 4 2 2 4 4 2 1 2 1 2
Thiophene 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Tin Chloride 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Titanium Tetrachloride 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1
Toluene 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 1 4 4 4
Toluene Diisocyanate 4 3 2 4 4 4 1 1
Transformer Oil 1 1 4 2 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4
Transmission Fluid, Type A 1 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Triacetin 2 4 1 2 2 4 4 4 1 2 1 4
Triallyl Phosphate 4 1 1 3 2 1 1 1
Tributoxyethyl Phosphate 4 2 3 4 4 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Tributyl Mercaptan 4 1 4 4 3 1 1
Tributyl Phosphate 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 1 4 4 4
Trichloroacetic Acid 2 4 2 2 4 4 3 3 1 2 2 2
Trichloroethane 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 1
Trichloroethyl Phosphate 4 4 4 4 2
Trichloroethylene 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 2 4 4 4
Trichlorofluoromethane 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 2
Trichloromethane 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 1 4 4 4
Trichlorotrifluoroethane 2 2 4 4 2 2 1 4 4 2 2
Tricresyl Phosphate 4 2 2 3 4 2 4 2 1 1 1 4 2 4
Triethanolamine 4 4 2 4 2 4 1 4 2 4 2
Triethyl Aluminum 4 3 3 2 2
Triethyl Borane 4 1 3 1 1
Trifluoroethane 4 1 4 4 2 2 1 1
Triglycol 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Triiodomethane 1 1 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Trimethylolpropane 4 1 2 4 2 1 2 2
Trinitrophenol 2 1 2 4 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2
Trinitrotoluene 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 1
Trioctyl Phosphate 4 2 2 3 4 4 2 1 2 1 4 2
Trisodium Phosphate 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Tritolyl Phosphate 4 2 2 3 4 2 4 0 2 1 1 1 4 2 4
Tung Oil 1 1 4 4 2 1 1 1
Turpentine 2 1 4 4 2 4 4 2 1 1 1 4 4 4
Ultra Pure Deionized Water 1 2 2 2 1
Unsymmetrical Dimethyl Hydrazine 2 4 1 4 4 3 4 2
Urea 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Varnish 2 1 4 4 2 2 1 1
Vaseline 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4
Vaseline Oil 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4
Vegetable Oils 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1
Vinegar 2 2 1 3 3 1 1
Vinegar Acid 3 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 4 2 4
Vinegar Naphtha 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 1 4 4 4
Vinegar Salts 2 4 1 4 4 1 4 1
Vinyl Acetate 4 4 2 4 4 2
Vinyl Acetylene 1 1 1 2 3 1 1
Vinyl Chloride 4 1 4 1 2
Vinyl Cyanide 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 1 4 4 4
Vinyl Fluoride 2 1 1
Vinylbenzene 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 1 4 4 4
Water 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Wax Alcohol 1 1 4 2 2 1 4 4
Whiskey 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
White Lye 2 4 1 2 2 2 4 1 1
White Oil 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
White Pine Oil 2 1 4 4 1 1 1 1
White Spirit 1 1 4 2 2 1 1 4 4 4
Wine 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Winthers Acid 4 1 2 4 2 1 1 1
Wolmar Salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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CHEMICAL/ELASTOMER LISTINGS
NBR EPDM HNBR CR FVMQ FKM-ETP NR SBR
Chemical Medium FKM VMQ AU ACM TFE/P FFKM IIR
Wool Fat 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Xenon 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Xylamon, Wood Preservative 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 1 4 4 4
Xylene 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 1 4 4 4
Xylidine 3 4 4 4 4 2 3 1
Xylol 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 1
Yeast, Aqueous 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Zeolites 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Zinc Acetate 2 3 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 1 1 1 4
Zinc Chloride 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Zinc Salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Zinc Sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 ] Little or no effect (Volume swell <10%) 2 ] Possible loss of physical properties (Volume swell 10 20%)
3 ] Noticeable change (Volume swell 20 40%) 4 ] Not suitable for service ] Insufficient info

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O-RING QUALITY ASSURANCE

SECTION SIX
O-RING QUALITY ASSURANCE

O-Ring Performance Factors

Manufacturing Quality Systems

Surface Quality

Storage/Shelf-life

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
O-RING QUALITY ASSURANCE

O - R I N G P E R F O R M A N C E FA C T O R S

Many factors other than the gland design, specified o-ring size and elastomer selection can impact the performance
of the o-ring in a sealing application. These additional factors have to do with manufacturing, inspecting and storing
the o-rings properly and are typically addressed by a good quality assurance program.

Three factors that are of particular importance when dealing with o-rings are:

Manufacturing Quality Systems

Surface Quality

Storage/Shelf Life

M A N U FA C T U R I N G Q U A L I T Y S Y S T E M S

The vast majority of o-rings that DICHTOMATIK offers are manufactured in facilities that are ISO-9000 and/or
QS9000 certified. While these quality systems do not guarantee perfect parts, they do typically justify the associated
overhead and the resulting increased cost by ensuring that the parts are manufactured, inspected and handled in a
consistent manner.

Details regarding manufacturing quality systems are available from many other sources and are not specific to o-rings
so they will not be presented in this handbook.

S U R FA C E Q U A L I T Y

The surface quality of an o-ring has a significant impact on its sealing performance. Several industry standards exist
that define surface quality defect types and set maximum acceptable sizes for each defect type. Several of the more
common industry standards are described below.
RMA OR-1
This publication from the Rubber Manufacturers Association describes basic visual quality acceptance criteria for
o-rings. Acceptance criteria in this standard are, for the most part, the least stringent of the standards listed here.
MIL-STD-413
This military standard published by the Department of Defense has been adopted by many non-defense-related users
of o-rings. All DICHTOMATIK o-rings are inspected for surface quality per this standard unless otherwise specified.
MIL-STD-413 is more stringent than RMA OR-1.
DIN 3771-4
This publication is the German industrial standard for o-ring surface quality. The standard includes two grade levels
normal and special. The requirements of this standard are similar to those found in RMA OR-1 and MIL-STD-413.
SAE AS871
This publication from the aerospace side of the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) is more stringent than OR-1,
MIL-STD-413 and DIN 3771. Standard industrial o-rings will often not meet the requirements of this standard.
SAE AS708
This publication, also from the aerospace side of SAE, defines the requirements for Top Visual Quality O-Rings. This
standard should be used only where stringent performance requirements are required, such as safety critical applications.

NOTE: The visual inspection standards are written for imperfection detection with the unaided eye. Magnification is
for reference purposes only.

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Surface quality defects are typically classified into the following eight types. For each type, the defect is defined and
illustrated and then acceptance criteria are listed for several of the standards listed above.

BACKRIND

Backrind is usually seen as a longitudinal recess found at the parting line on

BACKRIND
the ID and/or the OD of the o-ring. The recess is usually shaped like a wide
U or W, and it may cover all or part of the circumference of the o-ring.
Backrind is usually caused by thermal expansion of the elastomer over a
sharp mold edge or by premature curing of the elastomer. Width

Depth

AS568 ISO 3601 Units O-Ring Cross-Section RMA OR-1 MIL-STD-413 DIN 3771 Normal DIN 3771 Special
Series CS Code Min Max Depth Width Depth Width Depth Width Depth Width

-000 A mm 0.00 2.53 0.08 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.18 0.08 0.10

inch 0.000 0.099 0.003 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.007 0.003 0.004

-100 B mm 2.54 3.42 0.08 0.18 0.08 0.13 0.08 0.27 0.08 0.15

inch 0.100 0.134 0.003 0.007 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.011 0.003 0.006

-200 C mm 3.43 5.20 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.36 0.10 0.20

inch 0.135 0.204 0.004 0.008 0.004 0.006 0.004 0.014 0.004 0.008

-300 D mm 5.21 6.83 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.53 0.10 0.20

inch 0.205 0.268 0.004 0.008 0.004 0.006 0.004 0.021 0.004 0.008

-400 E mm 6.84 n/a 0.13 0.38 0.13 0.25 0.13 0.70 0.13 0.30

inch 0.269 n/a 0.005 0.015 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.028 0.005 0.012

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EXCESSIVE BUFFING

Excessive buffing is usually seen as flattening on the ID or OD of the o-ring

EXCESSIVE BUFFING
at or near the parting line. Excessive buffing is when sufficient material has
been removed at the parting line to cause the cross section of the o-ring to
be out of specification. Buffing at the parting line can be detrimental even if
the cross-section is still within the specification, as the buffed surface may
be coarser and may not seal properly. In either case, a flattened or noticeably
buffed surface is undesirable and should be cause for reevaluation of the
de-flashing process.

Minimum CS

AS568 Units RMA OR-1 MIL-STD-413 ISO 3601 DIN 3771 Normal DIN 3771 Special
Series Minimum CS Minimum CS CS Code Minimum CS Minimum CS

-000 mm 1.70 1.70 A

inch 0.067 0.067 Deviations of the curved cross-section

-100 mm 2.54 2.54 B are permissible when the flattened area
transitions into the curve of the circular
inch 0.100 0.100
cross-section smoothly and the CS still
-200 mm 3.43 3.43 C falls within the permissible tolerances.
inch 0.135 0.135

-300 mm 5.20 5.20 D

inch 0.205 0.205

-400 mm 6.84 6.84 E

inch 0.269 0.269

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

F O R E I G N M AT E R I A L

Foreign material is defined as any contamination present or any indentation

F O R E I G N M AT E R I A L
caused by the removal of the contaminant. The size of the protruding
contaminant or the remaining indentation is limited as shown in the table below.
Width

Depth

AS568 ISO 3601 Units O-Ring Cross-Section RMA OR-1 MIL-STD-413 DIN 3771 Normal DIN 3771 Special
Series CS Code Min Max Depth Width Depth Width Depth Width Depth Width

-000 A mm 0.00 2.53 0.08 0.13 Non-Visible

inch 0.000 0.099 0.003 0.005 Non-Visible NOT NOT

-100 B mm 2.54 3.42 0.08 0.20 0.08 0.13 PERMITTED PERMITTED

inch 0.100 0.134 0.003 0.008 0.003 0.005

-200 C mm 3.43 5.20 0.10 0.25 0.10 0.18

inch 0.135 0.204 0.004 0.010 0.004 0.007

-300 D mm 5.21 6.83 0.15 0.38 0.13 0.25

inch 0.205 0.268 0.006 0.015 0.005 0.010

-400 E mm 6.84 n/a 0.15 0.51 0.15 0.38

inch 0.269 n/a 0.006 0.020 0.006 0.015

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PARTING LINE PROJECTION & EXCESSIVE FLASH

Parting line projection is defined as a continuous ridge of material on the

PA RT I N G L I N E P R O J E C T I O N
parting line on the ID or the OD of the o-ring. Parting line projection is often
a result of mold wear causing enlarged radii at transition from the mold
cavity to the flat plane of the tool.

Excessive flash is a thin, film-like feature that extends beyond the parting line
projection. Excessive flash is typically a result of improper or inadequate
de-flashing.

The maximum allowed height of the parting line projection and excessive
flash combined is shown in the table below.

Height

AS568 ISO 3601 Units O-Ring Cross-Section RMA OR-1 MIL-STD-413 DIN 3771 Normal DIN 3771 Special
Series CS Code Min Max Height Height Height Height

-000 A mm 0.00 2.53 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.10

inch 0.000 0.099 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.004

-100 B mm 2.54 3.42 0.10 0.08 0.12 0.10

inch 0.100 0.134 0.004 0.003 0.005 0.004

-200 C mm 3.43 5.20 0.13 0.10 0.14 0.13

inch 0.135 0.204 0.005 0.004 0.006 0.005

-300 D mm 5.21 6.83 0.15 0.13 0.16 0.15

inch 0.205 0.268 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.006

-400 E mm 6.84 n/a 0.18 0.15 0.18 0.15

inch 0.269 n/a 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.006

NON-FILL

Non-fills are typically seen as random and irregular surface indentations. The
NON-FILL
indentations usually have a coarser texture than the unaffected portions of the
o-ring surface. Non-fills are caused by inadequate elastomer to fill the cavity,
by imperfect flow of the elastomer within the mold or by air being trapped in Width
the mold. Maximum allowed depths and widths for the indentation are
provided below.

Depth

continued next page

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NON-FILL continued

AS568 ISO 3601 Units O-Ring Cross-Section RMA OR-1 MIL-STD-413 DIN 3771 Normal DIN 3771 Special
Series CS Code Min Max Depth Width Depth Width Depth Width Depth Width

-000 A mm 0.00 2.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.60 0.08 0.15

inch 0.000 0.099 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.024 0.003 0.006

-100 B mm 2.54 3.42 0.08 0.76 0.05 0.25 0.08 0.80 0.08 0.25

inch 0.100 0.134 0.003 0.030 0.002 0.010 0.003 0.031 0.003 0.010

-200 C mm 3.43 5.20 0.10 0.76 0.08 0.38 0.10 1.00 0.10 0.40

inch 0.135 0.204 0.004 0.030 0.003 0.015 0.004 0.039 0.004 0.016

-300 D mm 5.21 6.83 0.10 1.02 0.08 0.63 0.10 1.30 0.10 0.63

inch 0.205 0.268 0.004 0.040 0.003 0.025 0.004 0.051 0.004 0.025

-400 E mm 6.84 n/a 0.10 1.27 0.08 1.02 0.13 1.70 0.13 1.00

inch 0.269 n/a 0.004 0.050 0.003 0.040 0.005 0.067 0.005 0.039

M O L D D E P O S I T I N D E N TAT I O N S

Mold deposit indentations are typically irregularly shaped, shallow depres-

MOLD DEPOSIT INDENTATIONS
sions in the o-ring surface. The texture of the indentations is usually rougher
than that of the unaffected surface of the o-ring. The indentations are caused
Width
by accumulated hardened deposits on the surface of the mold cavities. Depth

AS568 ISO 3601 Units O-Ring Cross-Section RMA OR-1 MIL-STD-413 DIN 3771 Normal DIN 3771 Special
Series CS Code Min Max Depth Width Depth Width Depth Width Depth Width

-000 A mm 0.00 2.53 0.08 0.38 0.08 0.25 0.08 0.60 0.08 0.15

inch 0.000 0.099 0.003 0.015 0.003 0.010 0.003 0.024 0.003 0.006

-100 B mm 2.54 3.42 0.08 0.51 0.08 0.38 0.08 0.80 0.08 0.25

inch 0.100 0.134 0.003 0.020 0.003 0.015 0.003 0.031 0.003 0.010

-200 C mm 3.43 5.20 0.10 0.64 0.10 0.51 0.10 1.00 0.10 0.40

inch 0.135 0.204 0.004 0.025 0.004 0.020 0.004 0.039 0.004 0.016

-300 D mm 5.21 6.83 0.13 0.76 0.10 0.63 0.10 1.30 0.10 0.63

inch 0.205 0.268 0.005 0.030 0.004 0.025 0.004 0.051 0.004 0.025

-400 E mm 6.84 n/a 0.15 1.02 0.13 0.76 0.13 1.70 0.13 1.00

inch 0.269 n/a 0.006 0.040 0.005 0.030 0.005 0.067 0.005 0.039

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FLOW MARKS

Flow marks are thread-like recesses

FLOW MARKS FLOW MARKS
in the surface of the o-ring. The
recesses are typically curved and Length
have rounded edges. Flow marks
are caused by improper flow and
premature curing of the elastomer in
the mold. Size limits on flow marks
are given below.
Depth

AS568 ISO 3601 Units O-Ring Cross-Section RMA OR-1 MIL-STD-413 DIN 3771 Normal DIN 3771 Special
Series CS Code Min Max Depth Length Depth Length Depth Length* Depth Length**

-000 A mm 0.00 2.53 0.05 1.52 0.08 1.50 0.05 1.50

inch 0.000 0.099 NO 0.002 0.060 0.003 0.059 0.002 0.059

-100 B mm 2.54 3.42 STANDARD 0.05 1.52 0.08 1.50 0.05 1.50

inch 0.100 0.134 AVAILABLE 0.002 0.060 0.003 0.059 0.002 0.059

-200 C mm 3.43 5.20 0.05 4.57 0.08 6.50 0.05 5.00

inch 0.135 0.204 0.002 0.180 0.003 0.256 0.002 0.197

-300 D mm 5.21 6.83 0.05 4.57 0.08 6.50 0.05 5.00

inch 0.205 0.268 0.002 0.180 0.003 0.256 0.002 0.197

-400 E mm 6.84 n/a 0.05 4.57 0.08 6.50 0.05 5.00

inch 0.269 n/a 0.002 0.180 0.003 0.256 0.002 0.197

* Maximum length equal to greater of value listed or o-ring ID times 0.05 ** Maximum length equal to greater of value listed or o-ring ID times 0.03

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

O F F - R E G I S T E R A N D / O R M I S M AT C H

An off-register condition is when the

M I S M AT C H OFF-REGISTER
top and bottom halves of the mold
are not aligned but are shifted with
respect to one another. A mismatch
Length
condition is when the top half and
the bottom half of the o-ring are
different sizes. The maximum length
of the off-register or mismatch
condition is given below.
Length

AS568 ISO 3601 Units O-Ring Cross-Section RMA OR-1 MIL-STD-413 DIN 3771 Normal DIN 3771 Special
Series CS Code Min Max Length Length Length Length

-000 A mm 0.00 2.53 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08

inch 0.000 0.099 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003

-100 B mm 2.54 3.42 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.08

inch 0.100 0.134 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.003

-200 C mm 3.43 5.20 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.10

inch 0.135 0.204 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004

-300 D mm 5.21 6.83 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.12

inch 0.205 0.268 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.005

-400 E mm 6.84 n/a 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13

inch 0.269 n/a 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.005

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
O-RING QUALITY ASSURANCE

O-RING SHELF LIFE

O-rings and other rubber products may undergo ELASTOMER SHELF LIFE
changes in physical properties as they age. As
Elastomer ASTM Recommended
such, guidelines exist regarding the maximum Type Designation Shelf Life
recommended shelf life for various elastomer
types. The shelf life limits in the table to the right Nitrile NBR 3 to 5 years
are recommendations from Military Handbook Styrene Butadiene SBR 3 to 5 years
695 and are considered to be quite conservative.
Polybutadiene BR 3 to 5 years
O-ring shelf life can be maximized by maintaining
Polyisoprene NR, IR 3 to 5 years
proper storage conditions for the o-rings. The list
below offers storage condition recommendations. Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene CSM 5 to 10 years
Ethylene Propylene EPDM 5 to 10 years
Neoprene/Chloroprene CR 5 to 10 years
Polyurethane (Polyether) EU 5 to 10 years
Epichlorohydrin ECO 5 to 10 years
Fluorocarbon Elastomer FKM up to 20 years
Perfluoroelastomer FFKM up to 20 years
Silicone VMQ up to 20 years
Fluorosilicone FVMQ up to 20 years
Polyacrylate ACM up to 20 years

Temperature
The ideal temperature for o-ring storage is 40F to 80F (4C to 27C). The temperature should not be permitted to
exceed 120F (49C). The o-rings should be a minimum of 4 feet away from any direct heat source (heater, radiator,
vent, etc.).
Humidity
Relative humidity should be maintained at less than 65%. Excessively dry conditions (relative humidity less than ~25%)
should also be avoided.
Light
Ultraviolet light can be harmful to certain elastomer types. Whenever possible, o-rings should be stored so that they
are not directly exposed to sunlight or high-UV-content artificial light.
Oxygen or Ozone Exposure
Oxygen and ozone can lead to unwanted hardening or chemical attack. O-rings should be stored in airtight
containers to limit exposure to these gasses. Electrical equipment that creates ozone should not be placed in areas
where o-rings are stored.
Deformation
O-rings should be stored so that they are free from tension, compression or any other deforming force that could lead
to permanent shape change.

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

O-RING TROUBLESHOOTING AND FAILURE ANALYSIS

SECTION SEVEN
O-RING TROUBLESHOOTING AND FAILURE ANALYSIS

Examples of O-Ring Failure

Extrusion or Nibbling

Over-Compression

Heat Hardening/Thermal Degradation

Spiral Failure

Chemical Degradation

Explosive Decompression

Abrasion

Plasticizer Extraction

Installation Damage

Weather or Ozone Cracking

7
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
O - R I N G FA I L U R E A N A LY S I S
For each o-ring application, there is a complex matrix of system parameterspressure, temperature, friction, envi-
ronmental exposure and chemical exposure. All of these parameters must be considered together when designing the
o-ring gland and selecting the o-ring size and elastomer in order to ensure long-term seal reliability. This section
describes the most common failure modes seen in o-ring applications. It then suggests what design factors may
contribute to each failure mode and what corrective actions can be taken to eliminate the failures.

C O M M O N O - R I N G FA I L U R E M O D E S

The failure modes covered in this section are:

Extrusion or Nibbling Explosive Decompression

Over-Compression Abrasion
Heat Hardening/Thermal Degradation Plasticizer Extraction
Spiral Failure Installation Damage
Chemical Degradation Weather or Ozone Cracking

EXTRUSION OR NIBBLING

Description:
The seal develops ragged edges, generally on the low
pressure side, which appear tattered. This condition is
more common with high pressure systems.

Contributing Factors Suggested Solutions

Excessive clearances Decrease clearances

Excessive system pressure Decrease system pressure if possible

Use back-up ring

Irregular clearance gaps due to eccentricity Increase rigidity and concentricity of metal components

Sharp groove edges Break edges of groove to minimum of .004" (0.10mm)

Low-modulus/low-hardness elastomer Use higher-modulus/higher-hardness elastomer

Softening of elastomer due to fluid incompatibility Use more chemically compatible elastomer

Excessive gland fill Increase groove width or change o-ring size

Expansion of cylinder wall due to pressure Stiffen cylinder wall to limit expansion

188
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

OVER-COMPRESSION

Description:
The seal exhibits parallel flat surfaces corresponding
to the sealing surfaces. May also develop circumfer-
ential splits within the flattened surfaces.

Contributing Factors Suggested Solutions

Excessive compression squeeze Use smaller o-ring or adjust gland dimensions

Elastomer with poor compression set properties Use material with better compression set resistance

Elastomer with inadequate heat resistance Use more heat resistant elastomer

Elastomer that swells excessively in system fluid Use more chemically resistant elastomer

Improperly cured part used Check cure state of parts prior to installation

H E AT H A R D E N I N G / T H E R M A L D E G R A D AT I O N

Description:
The seal may exhibit radial cracking on the highest
temperature surfaces, often accompanied by the flat-
tening of the seal characteristic of over-compression.
Certain elastomers may exhibit signs of softening,
such as a shiny surface.

Contributing Factors Suggested Solutions

Thermal properties of elastomer Select more heat-resistant elastomer

Select elastomer containing antioxidants

Excessive temperatures, temperature excursions Consider possibility of cooling sealing surfaces

or temperature cycling Increase thermal mass to dampen temperature
cycling or excursions
Change the position of the gland away from heat source

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
O - R I N G FA I L U R E A N A LY S I S

S P I R A L FA I L U R E

Description:
The seal surface exhibits a series of deep, spiral,
45-angle cuts. This failure is often seen with long-
stroke, hydraulic piston seals.

Contributing Factors Suggested Solutions

Eccentric components Increase rigidity and concentricity of metal components

Wide clearances in combination with side loads Decrease clearances

Uneven surface finishes Machine metal surfaces to 10 to 20 inch surface finish

Inadequate lubrication Specify an external lubricant or

use an internally lubricated material

Elastomer is too soft Use a higher durometer material

Stroke speed too slowdynamic reciprocating Increase stroke speed or use D-ring instead of o-ring

C H E M I C A L D E G R A D AT I O N

Description:
The seal may exhibit many signs of degradation
including blisters, cracks, voids or discoloration.
However, in some cases the degradation is only
detectable by measurement of physical properties.

Contributing Factors Suggested Solutions

Incompatibility with chemical environment Use more chemically resistant elastomer

Use PTFE encapsulated o-rings
Decrease temperature that o-ring sees, as higher
temperatures accelerate chemical degradation

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

EXPLOSIVE DECOMPRESSION

Description:
Explosive decompression results when high-pressure
gases are absorbed by the seal, and then, as the
pressure is rapidly dropped, the expanding gasses
are trapped in the micropores of the elastomer,
causing surface blisters and ruptures as they escape.
The effected seals will exhibit random short splits
or ruptures deep into the seal cross-section. When
first removed the surface may also be covered with
small blisters.

Contributing Factors Suggested Solutions

Rapid pressure drop from high pressure Slow the release of system pressure

Low-modulus/low-hardness elastomer Specify a higher-modulus/higher-hardness material

Specify a decompression-resistant material

ABRASION

Description:
Abrasion occurs only with dynamic sealsseals
involved with a rotary, oscillating or reciprocating
motion. The seal or parts of the seal exhibit a single
flat surface parallel to the direction of motion. Loose
particles and scrapes may be found on the seal
surface.

Contributing Factors Suggested Solutions

Rough sealing surfaces Use recommended gland surface finishes

Sealing surfaces too smooth to allow for Use recommended gland surface finishes
adequate lubrication

Process environment containing abrasive particles Eliminate abrasive components or protect seal from
exposure to them

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
O - R I N G FA I L U R E A N A LY S I S

PLASTICIZER EXTRACTION

Description:
Seen primarily in fuel systems, plasticizer extraction
is characterized by a loss of volume or weight of the
seal. It is often difficult to detect with only a visual
inspection.

Contributing Factors Suggested Solutions

Heavy use of plasticizers to achieve Switch to elastomer with low-temperature properties so

low-temperature properties or hardness plasticizers arent needed

Exposure to organic solvents compatible with Change plasticizers used to ones less compatible with
plasticizers used process fluids

I N S TA L L AT I O N D A M A G E

Description:
The seal or parts of the seal may exhibit small cuts,
nicks or gashes.

Contributing Factors Suggested Solutions

Sharp surfaces on glands or components Break all sharp metal edges and cover threads with
tubes or tape for installation

Inadequate lead-in chamfer Provide a 15 lead-in chamfer of adequate length

so o-ring sees only chamfer

O-ring too large for gland Review gland and o-ring design per recommended
design standards

Low-modulus/low-hardness elastomer Specify a higher-modulus/higher-hardness material

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

W E AT H E R O R O Z O N E C R A C K I N G

Description:
Occurring in seals exposed to ozone, UV radiation
or other air pollutants, weather or ozone cracking is
characterized by small surface cracks perpendicular
to the direction of stress.

Contributing Factors Suggested Solutions

Exposure to ozone, UV radiation or Select more ozone- and UV-resistant elastomer

other air pollutants Apply anti-ozonant or wax coating to seal
Modify the design to avoid the damaging exposure

Excessive seal stretch (>5% ID stretch) Modify design to reduce stretch to less than 5%

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

194
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

DICHTOMATIK PRODUCT OFFERING

SECTION EIGHT
DICHTOMATIK NORTH AMERICA PRODUCT OFFERING

O-Rings and Related Sealing Products

Fluid Power Sealing Products

Radial Shaft Seals

Custom Molded Products

8
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
D I C H T O M AT I K N O R T H A M E R I C A P R O D U C T O F F E R I N G
Dichtomatik North America offers a wide range of sealing product lines. The following is an overview of the types of
sealing products that we can offer.

In the following diagrammatic illustrations, the color of the cross-section indicates the material of fabrication:
Elastomer PTFE Polyurethane Nylon Metal Grease

O - R I N G S & R E L AT E D S E A L I N G P R O D U C T S

O-Rings
Dichtomatik offers o-rings in almost any size and in a wide range of
materials. We are tooled on most standard o-ring sizes and maintain a
large inventory of all AS568 sizes in eight different materials.

D-Rings
D-rings are often used as an alternative to o-rings in reciprocating
dynamic applications because of their resistance to spiral failure.
They can be used for sealing on the ID or the OD. Dichtomatik
D-rings can be made in most sizes and materials.

X-Rings
X-rings can be used as an alternative to o-rings in dynamic applica-
tions because of their reduced friction and their resistance to spiral
failure. Dichtomatik offers most AS568 equivalent sizes in NBR 70 as
standards and in most sizes and materials as non-standard parts.

Square Rings
Square rings can be either molded or lathe-cut. The lathe-cut parts are
often less expensive than comparably sized o-rings, especially for
larger IDs. Dichtomatik can offer both molded and lathe-cut square
rings in most sizes and materials.

continued next page

196
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

O - R I N G S & R E L AT E D P R O D U C T S c o n t i n u e d

O-Ring Cross-Section Gaskets

For face-type applications, the o-ring cross-section can be applied to
non-circular openings or even when multiple openings require sealing.
These sometimes are known as press-in-place gaskets.

O-Ring Cord and Spliced O-Rings

O-ring cord can be supplied in bulk or spliced into o-rings of any ID.
Spliced o-rings can be a convenient and cost-effective alternative to
molded o-rings when large ID's, small quantities or low compression
set is required.

Cord and spliced o-rings are available in a variety of cross-sections

and materials.

FEP Encapsulated O-Rings

FEP encapsulated o-rings are used in harsh chemical environments or
with extreme temperatures. They offer excellent sealing capabilities at
a fraction of the cost of perfluoroelastomer o-rings. Dichtomatik offers
FEP encapsulated silicone and FKM o-rings.

Contoured Back-Up Rings

Back-up rings are used in high-pressure applications to keep the
o-ring from extruding. Dichtomatik offers back-up rings in a variety of
materials from NBR to PTFE to Nylon. Sizes appropriate for use with
AS568 o-rings in NBR 90 are available from inventory. Other sizes
and materials can be supplied as non-standard parts.

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
D I C H T O M AT I K N O R T H A M E R I C A P R O D U C T O F F E R I N G

FLUID POWER SEALING PRODUCTS

Loaded U-Cups
Dichtomatik offers NuPac loaded u-cups for fluid power sealing appli-
cations. The NuPac Seals are available in Standard, Deep and Type B
in a wide variety of inch and metric dimensions.

The standard NuPac seals are made of NuThane polyurethane with a

nitrile o-ring or x-ring energizer. A wide variety of other materials are
available upon request.

Standard (rod or piston)

Type B (rod) Deep (piston)

Unloaded U-Cups
Unloaded U-cups (or U-Rings) are available in symmetrical or non-
symmetrical designs with flat lips or beveled lips in a variety of sizes and
materials.

Polyurethane O-Rings
Polyurethane o-rings are available in 70 and 90 durometer
polyurethane in a variety of sizes for hydraulic and pneumatic
applications.

continued next page

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

FLUID POWER SEALING PRODUCTS continued

PTFE-Capped Seals
PTFE-capped seals use an o-ring to energize a PTFE cap that
actually runs against the dynamic surface. This combines the out-
standing dynamic properties of PTFE and the simplicity of o-ring
sealing. PTFE-capped seals are available for ID or OD sealing
and with a flat or contoured PTFE ring.

V-Packings
A V-packing is a set of elastomeric (and sometimes non-elastomeric)
rings which rely on fluid pressure to activate the seal. V-packings are
typically used in reciprocating shaft applications as rod seals.

Rod Wipers
Rod wipers are either snapped in or
pressed in and are used to clear dirt,
debris and other contaminants from the
rod so that the primary rod-sealing
elements are protected. Dichtomatik rod
wipers are available in a wide range of
materials and configurations.
Snap-In Rod Wipers Press-In Rod Wipers

T-Seals
T-seals are three-piece sealing systems that involve an elastomeric
T-ring and two back-up rings. The T-ring has a wide base to resist
rolling and spiral failure in reciprocating applications and to
energize the back-up rings. T-seals require proper installation of
three components and are much more expensive than an equiv-
alent O-ring or D-ring.

continued next page

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
D I C H T O M AT I K N O R T H A M E R I C A P R O D U C T O F F E R I N G

FLUID POWER SEALING PRODUCTS continued

CapBac Seals
CapBac seals are two-piece seals that are typically used as rod seals.
The polyurethane cap offers anti-extrusion protection and serves as a
redundant sealing lip, offering excellent performance and reliability.
The standard elastomeric portion is NBR but is also available in EPDM,
Neoprene, FKM, and HNBR by special order.

Note:This picture is representative of typical double-lip rod seals of

the type currently available.

Wear Rings/Guide Bands

Wear rings or guide bands serve no sealing function. Instead, they are
used to maintain the concentricity of the rod in the bore so that the
other sealing elements can function properly and dont wear unevenly.
Dichtomatik wear rings are available in Nylon.

RADIAL SHAFT SEALS

Oil Seals
Oil seals are used to seal around a rotating shaft and keep an
oil-based lubricant inside an axle, engine, etc. Dichtomatik can supply
seals in almost any case or lip configuration, with or without a spring-
loaded lip and in whatever material is required to fit your application.

Grease Seals
Grease seals are used to seal more viscous grease lubricants in rotary
shaft applications. Dichtomatik can supply a wide variety of styles,
sizes and materials to fit your application.

continued next page

200
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

RADIAL SHAFT SEALScontinued

Heavy-Duty Oil Bath Seals

Heavy-duty oil bath seals are used in heavy-duty axle applications.
Dichtomatik offers seals used primarily in the transit and trailer industries.

AP Seals
TranscomDichtomatik AP seals are specially designed for low to
moderate speed applications that require outstanding contamination
exclusion. In many cases the AP seal can be customized to directly
replace less capable shaft seals. Contact TranscomDichtomatik for
help with your specific application.

CUSTOM MOLDED PRODUCTS

Fitting, Fastener and Thread Seals

Fitting, fastener and thread seals are typically small, round composite
gaskets for sealing at fittings, fasteners and bolts. Call a Dichtomatik
representative for assistance with your standard or custom applications.

Edge-Bonded Gaskets
Dichtomatik offers edge-bonded gaskets with metal or plastic carriers
in most common sealing elastomers. Our low tooling charges make
Dichtomatik the perfect source for even lower-volume parts.

continued next page

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
D I C H T O M AT I K N O R T H A M E R I C A P R O D U C T O F F E R I N G

CUSTOM MOLDED PRODUCTScontinued

Boots & Bellows

Dichtomatik boots and bellows are available in a wide variety of sizes,
materials and configurations. Specify your length and diameter, the
connection point types and desired number of convolutions, and
Dichtomatik can take care of the rest.

Diaphragms
Dichtomatik can supply a wide variety of diaphragms to meet the
needs of your applications. Dichtomatik offers flat, convoluted, dished
and long-stroke rolling diaphragms, all in a wide variety of elastomers.

Grommets
Grommets are used to protect wires, tubes, etc., passing through plates
that could potentially have sharp edges and cause damage to the wire
or tube. Dichtomatik grommets are available in a wide variety of sizes,
material types and configurations.

OTHER PRODUCTS

V-Rings
V-rings are installed on a rotating shaft and seal axially against the
counter-face. V-rings are typically used to supplement other seals by
serving as deflectors or by creating a labyrinth for contaminants.

continued next page

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

OTHER PRODUCTScontinued

Axial Face Seals

Axial face seals are installed on a rotating shaft and seal axially
against the counter-face. Axial face seals have a metal case which may
serve as a deflector or to create a labyrinth.

Valve Stem Seals

Dichtomatik can offer valve stem seals, primarily for non-automotive
applications.

End Caps
End caps are used to plug unused ports or access ports in oil-sealing
applications. Dichtomatik end caps are available to fit a wide variety
of bore sizes.

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

204
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

TECHNICAL REFERENCE
SECTION NINE
TECHNICAL REFERENCE

Unit Conversions

Temperature Conversions

Measurement Unit Factors

Conversion Tables

Common Abbreviations

Glossary of O-Ring Related Terms

9
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
REFERENCEUNITS CONVERSION

T E M P E R AT U R E C O N V E R S I O N S

Temperature conversions are not accomplished with simple multipliers, TEMPERATURE

since the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales are shifted 32 degrees with C F
respect to one another. The formulas for converting from Celsius to 300 572
Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit to Celsius are given below. A table of
275 527
conversions for temperatures common on material data sheets are
250 482
given at right.
225 437
Absolute temperatures are not typically used in the elastomeric seal 200 392
industry, but they may be encountered. The metric and non-metric 175 347
absolute temperature scales are the Kelvin and Rankin scales 150 302
respectively. To convert from Celsius to Kelvin, add +273.15 to the
125 257
Celsius temperature. To convert from Fahrenheit to Rankin, add
100 212 BOILING POINT OF WATER
+459.67 to the Fahrenheit temperature.
70 158
38 100
Temperature Conversion Calculation 23 73 ROOM TEMPERATURE
9 0 32 FREEZING POINT OF WATER
F = (C x ) + 32
5i 10 14
5 18 0
C = (F 32 ) x
9i
25 13
35 31
40 40
50 58
55 67
65 85
75 103
80 112

C O N V E R S I O N TA B L E U S E

The MEASUREMENT UNIT FACTORS in the table (on page 207) can be used to convert your unit measure. Multiply
the units you have by the factor of the unit measurement from the table that you want, and divide by the factor of the
units that the value is currently in.

EXAMPLE: To convert 1000 square meters to acres, multiply acre unit measure (0.0002471) by 1000 and divide by
the square meter unit measuement (1); thus, [1000 x 0.0002471] 1 = .2471.

Therefore, 1000 square meters is the same as .2471 acres.

As an alternative, the conversion tables on the following six pages can be used. To use the tables, find the units that
you have in the left column. Look across the table to find the units you wish to convert to. The value that is contained
in that row and column is the multiplier that converts from the units that you have to the units that you want.

EXAMPLE: To convert 100 knots to m/s, find the row labeled knots and look across to the column labeled m/s
and find the multiplier 0.514444.

100 x 0.514444 = 51.4444

Therefore, 100 knots is the same as 51.4444 meters per second.

NOTE: Some of the conversion tables have been split into two tables to accommodate the page width.

206
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

M E A S U R E M E N T U N I T FA C T O R S

Unit Abbreviation Factor Unit Abbreviation Factor

LENGTH VELOCITY
meter m 1 meters per second m/s 1
centimeter cm 100 centimeters per second cs/s 100
millimeter mm 1,000 feet per second ft/s 3.28
yard yd 1.0936 kilometers per hour kph 3.6
foot ft 3.2808 miles per hours mph 2.237
inch in 39.37 knots knots 1.944
kilometer km 0.001 MASS
mile mi 0.000621 kilogram kg 1
mil mil 39,370 gram g 1000
micron mm 1,000,000 pound lb 2.205
angstrom 10,000,000,000 ounce oz 35.274
AREA ton ton 0.001102
square meter m2 1 metric ton t 0.001
square centimeter cm2 10,000 slug slug 0.06852
square yard yd2 1.196 FORCE
square foot ft2 10.7639 Newton N 1
square inch in2 1550 dyne dyne 100000
square kilometer km2 0.000001 gram force gf 101.97
square mile mi2 3.861E-07 pound force lbf 0.2248
acre acre 0.0002471 ENERGY
VOLUME Joule J 1
cubic meter m3 1 erg erg 10000000
cubic centimeter cm3 1,000,000 kilocalorie kcal 0.0002388
cubic yard yd3 1.30795 calorie cal 0.2388
cubic foot ft3 35.315 British Thermal Unit BTU 0.0009478
cubic inch in3 61023.74 foot pound ftlbf 0.73756
liter l 1000 POWER
gallon gal 264.172 watt watt 1
quart qt 1056.688 horsepower hp 0.001341
pint pt 2113.376 PRESSURE
milliliter ml 1,000,000 megapascal mPa 1
fluid ounce ozfl 33,814 pascal Pa 1000
tablespoon tbsp 67,628 atmosphere atm 0.009869
teaspoon tsp 202,884 bar bar 0.01
TIME psi psi 0.145
years yr 1 torr torr 7.5
days day 365.24 millimeters of mercury mmHg 7.5
hours hr 8765.81 inches of mercury inHg 0.2953
minutes min 525,949 inches of water inH2O 4.0186
seconds sec 31,556,926

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DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
R E F E R E N C E C O N V E R S I O N TA B L E S

C O N V E R S I O N TA B L E S

LENGTH
METRIC m cm mm km m

m 1 100 1000 0.001 1000000 10000000000

cm 0.01 1 10 0.00001 10000 100000000

mm 0.001 0.1 1 0.000001 1000 10000000

yd 0.9144 91.44 914.1 0.0009144 914400 9144000000

ft 0.3048 30.48 304.8 0.0003048 304800 3048000000

in 0.0254 2.54 25.4 0.0000254 25400 254000000

km 1000 100000 1000000 1 1000000000 1E+13

mi 1609.344 160934.4 1609344 1.609344 1609344000 1.60934E+13

mil 0.0000254 0.00254 0.0254 2.54E-08 25.4 254000

m 0.000001 0.0001 0.001 0.000000001 1 10000

1E-10 0.00000001 0.0000001 1E-13 0.0001 1

LENGTH
AMERICAN yd ft in mi mil

m 1.0936 3.2808 39.37 0.000621 39370

cm 0.010936 0.032808 0.3937 0.00000621 393.7

mm 0.0010936 0.0032808 0.03937 0.000000621 39.37

yd 1 3 36 0.000568182 36000

ft 0.333333333 1 12 0.000189394 12000

in 0.027777778 0.083333333 1 1.57828E-05

1000km 1093.6 3280.8 39370 0.621 39370079

mi 1760 5280 63360 1 63360000

mil 2.77778E-05 8.33333E-05 0.001 1.58E-08 1

m 1.0936E-06 3.2808E-06 0.00003937 6.21E-10 3.94E-02

1.0936E-10 3.2808E-10 3.937E-09 6.21E-14 3.94E-06

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AREA
METRIC m2 cm 2 mm 2 km 2

m2 1 10000 1000000 0.000001

cm 2 0.0001 1 100 1E-10

mm 2 0.000001 0.01 1 1E-12

yd 2 0.83612736 8361.2736 836127.36 8.36127E-07

ft 2 0.09290304 929.0304 92903.04 9.2903E-08

in 2 0.00064516 6.4516 645.16 6.4516E-10

km 2 1000000 10000000000 1E+12 1

mi 2 2589988 25899880000 2.58999E+12 2.589988

acre 4046.8726 40468726 4046872600 0.004046873

AREA
AMERICAN yd 2 ft 2 in 2 mi 2 acre

m2 1.19599 10.76391 1550 3.861E-07 0.0002471

cm 2 0.000119599 0.001076391 0.155 3.861E-11 2.471E-08

mm 2 1.19599E-06 1.07639E-05 0.00155 3.861E-13 2.471E-10

yd 2 1 9 1296 3.23E-07 0.00020661

ft 2 0.111111111 1 144 3.59E-08 2.29568E-05

in 2 0.000771605 0.006944444 1 2.49E-10 1.59E-07

km 2 1195990 10763910 1550000000 0.3861 247.1

mi 2 3097600 27878400 4014489600 1 639.99744

acre 4840 43560 6272665 0.0015625 1

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C O N V E R S I O N TA B L E S

VOLUME
METRIC m3 cm 3 l ml

m3 1 1000000 1000 1000000

cm 3 0.000001 1 0.001 1

yd 3 0.764555 764555 764.555 764555

ft 3 0.028316852 28316.85185 28.31685185 28316.85185

in 3 1.63871E-05 16.387064 0.016387064 16.387064

l 0.001 1000 1 1000

gal 0.003785412 3785.411784 3.785411784 3785.411784

qt 0.000946353 946.352946 0.946352946 946.352946

pt 0.000473176 473.176473 0.473176473 473.176473

ml 0.000001 1 0.001 1

ozfl 2.95735E-05 29.57352956 0.02957353 29.57352956

tbsp 1.47868E-05 14.78676478 0.014786765 14.78676478

tsp 4.92892E-06 4.928921594 0.004928922 4.928921594

VOLUME
AMERICAN yd 3 ft 3 in 3

m3 1.30795 35.315 61023.744

cm 3 1.30795E-06 0.000035315 0.06102374

yd 3 1 27 46656

ft 3 1728 28.31685185 7.480518519

in 3 2.14335E-05 0.000578704 1

l 0.00130795 0.035315 61.02374

gal 0.004951132 0.133680556 231

qt 0.001237783 0.033420139 57.75

pt 0.000618892 0.016710069 28.875

ml 1.30795E-06 0.000035315 0.06102374

ozfl 3.86807E-05 0.001044379 1.8046875

tbsp 1.93404E-05 0.00052219 0.90234375

tsp 6.44679E-06 0.000174063 0.30078125

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VOLUME
AMERICAN gal qt pt ozfl tbsp tsp

m3 264.172 1056.688 2113.376 33814 67628 202884

cm 3 0.000264172 0.001056688 0.002113376 0.033814 0.067628 0.202884

yd 3 201.974 807.896 1615.792 25852.672 51705.35 155116.05

ft 3 7.480518519 29.92207407 59.84414815 957.5063704 1915.012963 5745.038889

in 3 0.004329 0.01731602 0.034632035 0.55411255 1.108225 3.324675

l 0.264172 1.056688 2.113376 33.814 67.628 202.884

gal 1 4 8 128 256 768

qt 0.25 1 2 32 64 192

pt 0.125 0.5 1 16 32 96

ml 0.000264172 0.001056688 0.002113376 0.033814 0.067628 0.202884

ozfl 0.0078125 0.03125 0.0625 1 2 6

tbsp 0.00390625 0.015625 0.03125 0.5 1 3

tsp 0.001302083 0.005208333 0.010416667 0.166666667 0.333333333 1

TIME yr day hr min sec

yr 1 365.24 8765.81 525949 31556925

day 0.002737926 1 24 1440 86400

hr 0.00011408 0.041666667 1 60 3600

min 1.90133E-06 0.000694444 0.016666667 1 60

sec 3.16888E-08 1.15741E-05 0.000277778 0.016666667 1

VELOCITY m/S cs/s ft/s kph mph knots

m/s 1 100 3.28 3.6 2.237 1.944

cs/s 0.01 1 0.0328 0.036 0.02237 0.01944

ft/s 0.3048 30.48 1 1.09728 0.681818182 0.5924838

kph 0.277777778 27.77777778 0.911344415 1 0.621 0.54

mph 0.44704 44.704 1.466666667 1.609344 1 0.868976

knots 0.514444444 51.44444444 1.6878 1.852 1.150779 1

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R E F E R E N C E C O N V E R S I O N TA B L E S

C O N V E R S I O N TA B L E S

MASS kg g lb oz ton t slug

kg 1 1000 2.205 35.274 0.001102 0.001 0.06852

g 0.001 1 0.002205 0.035274 0.000001102 0.000001 0.00006852

lb 0.45359237 453.59237 1 16 0.0005 0.000453592 0.03108095

oz 0.028349523 28.34952313 0.0625 1 0.00003125 2.83495E-05 0.001942559

ton 907.18474 907184.74 2000 32000 1 0.90718474 62.1619

t 1000 1000000 2205 35274 1.102 1 68.52

slug 14.5939 14593.9 32.174 514.785 0.016087 0.0145939 1

FORCE N dyne gf lbf

N 1 100000 101.97 0.2248

dyne 0.00001 1 0.0010197 0.000002248

gf 0.00980665 980.665 1 0.0022046

lbf 4.44822 444822 453.59237 1

ENERGY J erg kcal cal BTU ft-lbf

J 1 10000000 0.00023885 0.23885 0.0009478 0.737562

erg 0.0000001 1 2.3885E-11 2.3885E-08 9.478E-11 7.37562E-08

kcal 4186.8 41868000000 1 1000 3.96832 3088.0252

cal 4.1868 41868000 0.001 1 0.00396832 3.0880252

BTU 1055.0559 10550558526 0.25199576 251.99576 1 778.16296

ft-lbf 1.35582 13558179 0.000323832 0.323832 0.001285068 1

POWER W kW hp ft-lbf/s

W 1 0.001 0.001341 0.73756

kW 1000 1 1.341 737.56

hp 745.7 0.7457 1 550

ft-lbf/s 1.35582 0.00135582 0.001818182 1

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PRESSURE
METRIC Mpa Pa bar torr mmHg

MPa 1 1,000,000 10 7500.6 7500.6

Pa 1E-06 1 1E-05 0.0075 0.0075

atm 0.101325 101,325 1.01325 760 760

bar 0.1 100,000 1 750.06 750.06

psi 0.00689476 6894.76 0.0689476 51.715 51.715

torr 0.000133322 133.322 0.00133322 1 1

mmHg 0.000133322 133.322 0.00133322 1 1

inHg 0.003386388 3386.388 0.03386388 25.4 25.4

inH 2 O 0.00024884 248.84 0.0024884 1.86645 1.86645

PRESSURE
AMERICAN atm psi inhg inH 2 0

MPa 9.869 145.04 295.3 4018.65

Pa 9.869E-06 0.000145 0.0002953 0.00401865

atm 1 14.6959 29.921 407.189

bar 0.9869 14.504 29.53 401.865

psi 0.068046 1 2.036 27.7076

torr 0.00131579 0.019337 0.03937 0.535775

mmHg 0.00131579 0.019337 0.03937 0.535775

inHg 0.033421 0.491154 1 13.6087

inH 2 O 0.00245586 0.03609119 0.0734824 1

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R E F E R E N C E A B B R E V I AT I O N S

C O M M O N A B B R E V I AT I O N S

ACM polyacrylate rubber IRHD International Rubber Hardness degrees

ACN acrylonitrile; component in nitrile rubber IRM Industry Reference Materiale.g. IRM 903 oil
AEM ethylene-acrylic rubber; copolymer of ethylene ISO International Organization for Standardization
and methyl acrylate; Vamac JIC Joint Industrial Conference on Hydraulic
AMS Aerospace Material Specification Standards for Industrial Equipment
ANSI American National Standards Institute JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
AQL Acceptable Quality Level K degrees Kelvin; absolute temperature scale
ARP Aerospace Recommended Practice Max. maximum
AS Aerospace Standard Mil Military (specification)
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials Mil Std Military Standard
atm atmospherea unit of pressure Min minimum
AU polyester-based polyurethane rubber MPa megaPascal; SI unit of pressure
BR polybutadiene rubber MQ methyl silicone rubber
C or C degrees Celsius MS Military Standard
cc cubic centimeter NAS National Aerospace Standard
CIIR chlorobutyl rubber NBR nitrile butadiene rubber; Buna N;
CO homopolymer of epichlorohydrin copolymer of acrylonitrile and butadiene

CR polychloroprene rubber; Neoprene NBS National Bureau of Standards

CS cross-section NR natural rubber; polyisoprene

CSM chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber; NSF National Sanitation Foundation

Hypalon OD outside diameter
Dia diameter OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
DIN German standardization organization PLI pounds per linear inch
ECO copolymer of epichlorohydrin and PMQ phenyl methyl silicone rubber
ethylene oxide PSI pounds per square inch
EPA Environmental Protection Agency PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
EPM, EPDM ethylene-propylene rubber PVMQ phenyl vinyl methyl silicone rubber
EU polyether-based polyurethane rubber QPL qualified products list
F or F degrees Fahrenheit RMA Rubber Manufacturers Association
FDA Food and Drug Administration rpm revolutions per minute
FEPM tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber; Aflas SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
FFKM perfluoroelastomer SBR styrene butadiene rubber; copolymer of
FKM fluorocarbon elastomer styrene and butadiene
FMQ fluoromethyl silicone rubber; fluorosilicone SG specific gravity
FPM feet per minute SI denotes The International System of Units
FSA Fluid Sealing Association or metric system

FVMQ fluoro vinyl methyl silicone rubber; fluorosilicone Spec. specification

GRS Government Rubber Styrene; now SBR TC critical temperature

HNBR hydrogenated nitrile rubber TFE tetrafluoroethylene; a fluoroplastic

HSN highly saturated nitrile; TIR Total Indicator Reading

alternative name for HNBR UL Underwriters Laboratories
ID inside diameter UV ultraviolet light
IIR butyl rubber; copolymer of isobutylene and VMQ vinyl methyl silicone rubber
isoprene W width
in. inch XNBR carboxylated nitrile rubber
IR isoprene rubber

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REFERENCETERMS AND DEFINITIONS

GLOSSARY

Abrasion the surface loss of a material due to frictional Antiflex cracking agent a compounding material used to
forces. retard cracking caused by cyclic deformations.

Absorption the penetration of matter in bulk into other Antioxidant compounding material used to retard deterio-
matter, as in dissolving of a gas by a liquid. ration caused by oxidation.

Accelerator a compounding material used in small Antiozonant compounding material used to retard deterio-
amounts with a vulcanizing agent to increase the speed of ration caused by ozone.
vulcanization.
Antistatic agent a material which reduces the tendency for
Accelerator, delayed action an accelerator that, in conjunc- accumulation of electric charge on the surface of an article.
tion with other curing agent(s), produces, at vulcanizing
Aromatic oil a hydrocarbon process oil containing at least
temperatures, a period of no significant cross-linking,
35%, by mass, of aromatic hydrocarbons.
followed by a period of rapid cross-link formation.
Ash the residue from incineration of a material under spec-
Accuracy a concept of exactness. When applied to a test
ified conditions.
method, it denotes the extent to which bias is absent; when
applied to a measured value, it denotes the extent to which Autoclave a vessel used for vulcanizing rubber compounds
both bias and random error are absent. by means of steam pressure.

Activator compounding material used in small proportions Backrinding a molding defect in which the rubber adjacent
to increase the effectiveness of an accelerator. to the flash line shrinks below the surface of the molded
product, with the flash line often being ragged and torn.
Adhesion failure the loss of structural integrity due to the
separation of two bonded surfaces at the bond interface. Bake-out secondary post-curing operation designed to
remove residual volatile materials.
Adsorption the surface retention of matter by other matter.
Batch the product of one mixing operation.
Agglomerates clusters of particles of compounding
materials contained in a continuous rubber phase. Blank a portion of a rubber compound of suitable volume
to fill the cavity of a mold.
Aging (act of) exposure of materials to a deteriorating
environment for a specified time interval. Bleeding the exuding of a liquid compounding material
from the surface of a vulcanized or unvulcanized rubber.
Aging the irreversible change of material properties during
exposure to a deteriorating environment for a specified Blister a cavity or sack that deforms the surface of a
time interval. material.

Aliphatic straight-chain hydrocarbons. Three sub-groups Bloom a liquid or solid material that has migrated to the
are alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. surface of a rubber and generally changes the surface
appearance.
Alloy a unique composition of two or more polymers
that has one or more of the polymers treated or processed Bound monomer a monomer that is combined or reacted
in a special way to confer enhanced performance charac- with itself or other types of monomers in a polymerization
teristics on the resulting material. reaction to form a polymer.

Amorphous materials with no definite arrangement of Breakaway friction the force required to overcome friction
atoms. to start a body in motion over a surface.

Angstrom () a unit of length, an angstrom is one ten-thou- Brittle point the temperature at which elastomers break
sandth of a micron (10 4 m) or 100,000,000 =1 cm. when subjected to an impact.

Anticoagulant a substance added to field latex to retard Bulk modulus of elasticity also known as compression
bacterial action which would otherwise cause rapid coag- modulus, the ratio of compressive force applied to a
ulation of the latex. surface per unit surface area to the change in volume of the
substance per unit volume.
Antidegradant a compounding material used to retard
deterioration caused by oxidation, ozone, light and Bumping, molding process the application, release, and
combinations of these. reapplication of pressure prior to the start of vulcanization
to vent entrapped gases, thereby facilitating complete
Anti-extrusion ring a thin ring installed on the low-pressure
filling of the mold.
side of a seal to prevent elastomer extrusion into the clear-
ance gap.

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REFERENCETERMS AND DEFINITIONS

GLOSSARY

Butt joint a connection made with two ends cut at right Conditioning (mechanical) the prescribed program of
angles. deformation of a specimen prior to testing.

Calender a machine with two or more parallel, counter- Conductive rubber an elastomer having high conductivity.
rotating rolls with a controllable, roll-to-roll spacing, rotating
Copolymer a polymer formed from two different
at selected surface speeds and controlled temperatures,
monomers.
used for sheeting, laminating, skim coating (topping) and
friction coating, to a controlled thickness and/or surface Covalent bonding chemical bonding whereby each atom
condition. of a bound pair contributes one electron to form a pair of
electrons.
Chalking the formation of a powdery residue on the
surface of a rubber, commonly resulting from surface Crack(s), atmospheric fissure(s) originating in the surface of
degradation. a rubber vulcanizate or product as a result of natural
weathering.
Chemisorption a chemical adsorption process in which
weak chemical bonds are formed between gas or liquid Crack(s), ozone fissure(s) originating in the surface of a
molecules and a solid surface. rubber vulcanizate, caused by exposure to an ozone-
containing environment; the fissure(s) are perpendicular to
Coagent a compounding ingredient used in small amounts
the direction of strain.
to increase the cross-linking efficiency of certain no-sulfur
vulcanizing systems or to modify the properties given by Crack(s), flex fissure(s) originating in the surface of a rubber
such systems. vulcanizate, resulting from cyclic deformation (usually
bending).
Coefficient of friction the force in the direction of motion
required to move one surface with respect to another, Creep the time-dependent part of a strain resulting from
divided by the force normal to the two surfaces. stress.

Coefficient of thermal expansion the increment in volume Cross-link chemical bond bridging one polymer chain to
of a unit volume of material for a rise of one degree another.
temperature at constant pressure.
Cross-linking agent compounding material that produces
Cohesive failure a rupture occurring entirely within any cross-linking in rubber.
single uniform layer of the assembly.
Crystallization, polymer arrangement of previously
Cold flow slow deformation, under gravitational force, at disordered polymer segments of repeating patterns into
or below room temperature. geometric symmetry.

Comonomer one of the two or more monomer species that Cure see vulcanization, the preferred term.
polymerize to form a copolymer.
Density the mass-per-unit volume of a material.
Composite seal a seal composed of two or more dissimilar
Desiccant compounding material used to irreversibly
materials.
absorb moisture present (in a rubber mix) particularly for the
Compound an intimate admixture of a polymer(s) with all purpose of minimizing risk of porosity during vulcanization.
the materials necessary for the finished article.
Die swell difference between the dimensions of the cross-
Compression the amount of deformation on a seal, often section of an extrudate and the corresponding dimensions
calculated by dividing the deformation by the original seal of the die orifice by which the extrudate is formed.
cross-sectional diameter.
Diene polymer a polymer formed from one or more
Compression molding molding process in which the material monomer species, at least one of which is a diolefin.
is placed directly in the mold cavity and compressed to
Diffusion the spontaneous mixing of one substance with
shape by closure of the mold.
another when in contact with, or separated by, a permeable
Compression set the residual deformation of a material membrane or microporous barrier.
after removal of the compressive stress.
Dispersing agent (latex) a surface-active substance used
Conditioning (environmental) the storage of a rubber, to facilitate the suspension of solid compounding materials
under specified conditions (time, temperature, humidity) in a liquid medium and to stabilize the dispersion thereby
prior to testing. produced.

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GLOSSARY

Dispersion (the act of) application of shearing forces to Fissure a surface split or crack.
distribute one or more compounding materials uniformly
Flash the excess material protruding from the surface of a
throughout the mass of a continuum material.
molded article at the mold junctions.
Dumbbell specimen a flat specimen having a narrow,
Flex life the number of cycles required to produce a
straight central portion of essentially uniform cross section.
specified state of failure in a specimen that is flexed in a
Durometer an instrument for measuring the indentation prescribed method.
hardness of rubber.
Flow marks marks or lines on a molded product, caused
Dynamic seal a seal designed to prevent leakage between by imperfect fusion or knitting of material.
surfaces which move relative to each other.
Fluorocarbon elastomer also known as fluoroelastomer.
Elastic limit the greatest stress that a material is capable of
Fluorosilicone a fluorinated silicone elastomer.
sustaining without any permanent strain remaining upon
complete release of the stress. Foam stabilizer (latex) a substance used in the preparation
of latex foam to help stabilize the foam latex before gelation,
Elastomer a viscoelastic macromolecular material that can
drying and vulcanization.
respond to large deformations.
Formula a list of the materials and their amounts used in
Elongation the extension of a uniform section of a specimen
the preparation of a compound.
expressed as percentage of the original length.
Frequency the number of periodic oscillations, vibrations
Elongation, ultimate the elongation at the time of rupture.
or waves per unit of time.
Emulsifying agent (latex) a surface-active substance used
Furnace carbon black type of carbon black produced by
to facilitate the dispersion of an immiscible liquid
the decomposition reaction of hydrocarbons when injected
compounding material in another liquid and to stabilize the
into a high-velocity stream of combustion gases under
emulsion thereby produced.
controlled conditions.
Esters a compound formed by the elimination of water and
Gasket a deformable material clamped between essentially
the bonding of an alcohol and an organic acid.
stationary faces to prevent the passage of matter through
Characterized by C=C-O- bonding.
an opening or joint.
Ethers a compound characterized by -O- bonding.
Gel, dry rubber the portion of unvulcanized rubber insoluble
Extender an organic material used to augment the polymer in a chosen solvent.
in a compound.
Gland a cavity into which a seal is installed.
Extensometer a device for determining elongation of a
Grain anisotropy introduced into rubber during processing
specimen as it is strained.
operations.
Extrudate the material that issues from an extruder.
Gum compound a rubber compound containing only those
Extruder machine designed to force a rubber or rubber ingredients necessary for vulcanization and small amounts
mix through an orifice, which is often shaped to the geometry of other ingredients for processing, coloring and improving
of the desired product. the resistance to aging.

Extrusion 1) the continuous shaping of a material during Hardness a materials ability to resist a distorting force
plastic passage through a die. 2) the displacement of a (indentor point).
part of the seal into the clearance gap under action of fluid
Heat buildup the accumulation of thermal energy generated
pressure or thermal expansion.
within a material as a result of hysteresis, evidenced by an
Face seal, flange seal an axial contact seal. increase in temperature.

Fatigue life (dynamic) the number of deformations required Hertz (Hz) an international unit for frequencythe number
to produce a specified state of fatigue breakdown in a test of cycles per second.
piece or product that is deformed under a prescribed set of
Homogeneous having uniform composition or structure.
conditions.
Homogenization repeated passage of raw rubber through
Filler a solid compounding material, usually in finely divided
a mill or other mixing device, under specified conditions, to
form, which may be added in relatively large proportions
ensure uniformity.
to a polymer for technical or economic reasons.

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REFERENCETERMS AND DEFINITIONS

GLOSSARY

Homopolymer a polymer formed from a single monomer Mill a machine used for rubber mastication, mixing or
species. sheeting, having two counter-rotating rolls with adjustable
longitudinal axis separation that usually rotate at different
Hydrogen bonding unusually strong dipole-dipole attractions
speeds.
that occur among molecules in which hydrogen is bonded
to a highly electronegative atom. Mismatch a defect resulting from differing cross-section
dimensions in adjacent mold halves.
Hydrophilic affinity toward water (water-loving); a
hydrophilic surface is one that will allow water to spread Mixer a machine that incorporates and disperses
across it in large puddles. compounding ingredients into rubber to form a mix or a
compound through the action of mechanical work (shear).
Hydrophobic aversion to water; a hydrophobic surface will
not allow large puddles of water, but rather will form Mixer, internal a machine with a closed cavity in which a
droplets. These surfaces are often termed de-wetted. specially shaped rotor (or rotors) masticates the rubber or
incorporates and disperses compounding materials into the
Hydroscopic attracts and absorbs water.
rubber, or both.
Hysteresis the lagging of strain behind stress during
Modulus, tensile See tensile stress, at given elongation the
deformation.
preferred term.
Impact resistance resistance to fracture under shock force.
Modulus, Youngs the ratio of normal stress to corresponding
Inhibitor a material used to suppress a chemical reaction. strain for tensile or compressive stresses below the
proportional limit of the material.
Ion an atom that has either gained or lost electrons,
making it a charged particle. Mold cavity hollow space in the mold designed to impart
the desired form to the product being made.
Ionic bonding the electrostatic attraction between oppositely
charged ionscharacterized by electron transfer. Mold marks surface imperfection transferred to a molded
product from corresponding marks on a mold.
Isotactic a polymeric molecular structure containing a
sequence of regularly spaced asymmetric atoms arranged Mold release see release agent (mold).
in like configuration in the polymer chain.
Molding shrinkage the difference in dimensions between
Ketone an organic compound containing the carbonyl a molded product and the mold cavity in which it was
group -C=O. molded, both the mold and product being at normal room
temperature when measured.
Kinetic friction the minimum force required to maintain a
body in motion over a surface. Molding, compression the process of forming a material to
a desired shape by flow induced by a force applied after
Latex colloidal aqueous dispersion of rubber.
a material is placed in the mold cavity.
Lip seal a custom seal, static or dynamic, that seals on a
Molding, injection the process of forming a material by
flexible extension.
forcing it from an external heated chamber through a sprue
Lot a mass of material or collection of articles of similar (runner, gate) into the cavity of a closed mold by means
composition and characteristics. of a pressure gradient that is independent of the mold-
clamping force.
Masterbatch a homogeneous mixture of rubber and one
or more materials in known proportions for use as a raw Molding, transfer the process of forming a material by
material in the preparation of the final compounds. forcing it from an auxiliary heated chamber through a
sprue (runner, gate) into the cavity of a closed mold by
Mastication a breakdown or softening of raw rubber, or a
means of a pressure gradient that is dependent on the
mix, by the combined action of mechanical work (shear)
mold-clamping force.
and atmospheric oxygen, sometimes accelerated by the
use of a peptizer and frequently at elevated temperatures. Molecule smallest quantity of a substance that retains the
properties of that substance.
Microhardness hardness measured with an instrument
having a smaller indentor and applying a lower force than Monomer a low-molecular-weight substance consisting of
the standard instrument, permitting measurements on smaller molecules capable of reacting with like or unlike molecules
specimens or thinner sheets that are not amenable to meas- to form a polymer.
urement by normal instruments.
Mooney viscosity the measurement of the plasticity of
Micron (m) a unit of length, one millionth of a meter. compounded or uncompounded elastomeric seal material.

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GLOSSARY

Necking the localized reduction in cross section that may Pigment an insoluble compounding material used to
occur in a material under tensile stress. impart color.

Network a three-dimensional structure formed by Plasticizer a compounding material used to enhance the
interchain or intrachain bonding of polymer molecules in deformability of a polymeric compound.
combination with chain entanglements.
Polar describing a molecule or radical that has, or is
Nip the radial clearance between rolls of a mill or calender capable of developing, electrical charges. Polar molecules
on a line of centers. ionize in solution and impart conductivity.

Nitrile (Buna-N) a common hydrocarbon elastomer. Polymer a substance consisting of macromolecules

characterized by the repetition (neglecting ends, branch
Non-fill defect resulting from the failure of the rubber to fill
junctions and other minor irregularities) of one or more
out all the mold pattern detail.
types of monomeric units.
Non-polar pertaining to an element or compound which
Polymer network a three-dimensional reticulate structure
has no permanent dipole moment.
formed by chemical or physical linking of polymer chains.
Occlusion process by which materials are entrapped within
Porosity the presence of numerous small cavities.
the folds of a given substance during manufacture.
Post-cure heat or radiation treatment, or both, to which a
Off-register misalignment of mold halves causing out-of-
cured or partially cured thermosetting plastic or rubber
round O-ring cross section.
composition is subjected to enhance the level of one or
Olefins a family of hydrocarbons with one carbon-carbon more properties.
double bond.
Pot life the period of time during which a reacting ther-
Oligomer a polymer consisting of only a few monomer units, mosetting plastic or rubber composition remains suitable
such as a dimer, trimer, tetramer, etc., or their mixtures. for its intended use after mixing with a reaction-initiating
agent.
O-ring see seal, 0-ring.
Precision a concept of uniformity based on the magnitude
Outgassing the release of adsorbed or occluded gases or
of the random errors. The smaller the random errors, the
water vapor, usually by heating.
higher the precision.
Oxidation a chemical reaction in which a compound loses
Primary accelerator the principal, highest concentration
electrons.
accelerator used in a vulcanizing system.
Paraffins saturated straight-chain hydrocarbons of the
Processability the relative ease with which raw or com-
methane series.
pounded rubber can be handled in rubber machinery.
Perfluoroelastomer a fully fluorinated fluoroelastomer.
Processing aid a compounding material that improves the
Permanent set the permanent distortion of an elastomer processability of a polymeric compound.
after being strained.
Radial clearance the difference in the radial dimensions
Permeability the permeation rate divided by the pressure between the sealing surfaces of a radial seal.
gradient of the gas or vapor. For a homogeneous material
Recipe a formula, mixing procedure and any other instruc-
that obeys Ficks law, the permeability is equal to the product
tions needed for the preparation of a product.
of the diffusion coefficient and the solubility coefficient of
the gas or vapor. Recovery the degree to which a rubber product returns to
its normal dimensions after being distorted.
Permeance the permeation rate divided by the pressure
differential of a gas or vapor between opposite faces of a Reinforcement the act of increasing the mechanical
solid body. performance capability of a rubber by the incorporation
of materials that do not participate significantly in the
Permeation rate the flow rate of a gas or vapor, under
vulcanization process.
specified conditions, through a prescribed area of a solid
body, divided by that area. Release agent (mold) a substance applied to the inside
surfaces of a mold or added to a material to be molded, to
Physiosorption a physical adsorption process in which
facilitate removal of the product from the mold.
there are van der Waals forces of interaction between gas
or liquid molecules and a solid surface. Resilience the ratio of energy output to energy input in a rapid
(or instantaneous) full recovery of a deformed specimen.

219
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
REFERENCETERMS AND DEFINITIONS

GLOSSARY

Resilience, impact the ratio of output to input mechanical Silicone rubber poly dimethyl siloxane elastomer.
energy in a rapid deformation and recovery cycle of a
Solubility the ability or tendency of one substance to blend
rubber specimen.
uniformly with another.
Retarder a material used to reduce the tendency of a
Sorption the term used to denote the combination of
rubber compound to vulcanize prematurely.
absorption and adsorption processes in the same substance.
Reversion (vulcanization) deterioration of vulcanizate prop-
Specific gravity the ratio of the weight of a given
erties that may occur when vulcanization time is extended
substance to the weight of an equal volume of water at a
beyond the optimum.
specified temperature.
Rubber a material that is capable of recovering from large
Spew line line on the surface of a molded product at the
deformations quickly and forcibly, and can be, or already
junction of the mold parts.
is, modified to a state in which it is essentially insoluble (but
can swell) in a boiling solvent such as benzene, methyl Squeeze the compression of a seal, usually expressed as a
ethyl ketone or ethanol toluene azeotrope. percentage calculated by dividing the deformation by the
original seal cross-sectional diameter.
Rubber hardness degree, international (IRHD) a measure of
hardness, the magnitude of which is derived from the depth Static seal a seal in which the sealing surfaces do not move
of penetration of a specified indentor into a specimen under relative to each other.
specified conditions. The scale is so chosen that zero would
Stiction the increase in static friction resulting from
represent a material showing no measurable resistance to
prolonged seal compression.
indentation, and 100 would represent a material showing
no measurable indentation. Stiffness, bending the force required to produce a bent
configuration under specified conditions.
Runner the secondary feed channel for transferring mate-
rial under pressure from the inner end of the sprue to the Stock see compound.
cavity gate.
Storage life, shelf the period of time after production during
Scarf joint a connection made with two ends cut at an which a material or product that is stored under specified
angle and overlapping. conditions retains its intended performance capabilities.

Scorch premature vulcanization of a rubber compound. Strain the unit change, due to force, in the size or shape
of a body referred to its original size or shape.
Scorch, Mooney the time to incipient cure of a compound
when tested in the Mooney shearing disk viscometer under Stress the intensity, at a point in a body, of the internal
specific conditions. forces (or components of force) that act on a given plane
through the point.
Seal any material or device that prevents or controls the
passage of matter across the separable members of a Stress relaxation the decrease in stress after a given time
mechanical assembly. at constant strain.

Seal, 0-ring a product of precise dimensions molded in Swelling the increase in volume of a specimen immersed
one piece to the configuration of a torus with circular cross- in a liquid or exposed to a vapor.
section, suitable for use in a machined groove for static or
Tear mechanical rupture initiated and propagated at a site
dynamic service.
of high stress concentration caused by a cut, defect or
Secondary accelerator accelerator used in smaller localized deformation.
concentrations, compared to the primary accelerator, to
Tear strength the maximum force required to tear a specified
achieve a faster rate of vulcanization.
specimen, the force acting substantially parallel to the
Set strain remaining after complete release of the force major axis of the test specimen.
producing the deformation.
Tensile set the extension remaining after a specimen has
Shelf life see storage life, shelf. been stretched and allowed to retract in a specified manner
expressed as a percentage of the original length.
Shock load the sudden application of an external force.
Tensile strength the maximum tensile stress applied during
Shrinkage 1) decrease in volume of a seal in service due
stretching a specimen to rupture.
to extraction of fillers. 2) decrease in volume of an
elastomeric compound during molding. Tensile stress a stress applied to stretch a test piece
(specimen).

220
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK

GLOSSARY

Tension fatigue fracture, through crack growth, of a Volatilization also known as vaporization, the conversion
component or test specimen subjected to a repeated tensile of a chemical substance from a liquid or solid state to a
deformation. gaseous or vapor state.

Tension set the strain remaining after a test piece or product Volt a unit of electromotive force or difference in electric
has been stretched and allowed to retract. potential.

Terpolymer a polymer formed from three monomer species. Volume swell the increase in dimension caused by the
absorption of a fluid.
Thermal carbon black type of carbon black produced
under controlled conditions by the thermal decomposition Vulcanizate the product of vulcanization, a cross-linked
of hydrocarbon gases in the absence of air or flames. rubber.

Thermal degradation irreversible and undesirable change Vulcanization an irreversible process during which a rubber
in the properties of a material due to exposure to heat. compound, through a change in its chemical structure (for
example, cross-linking), becomes less plastic and more
Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) a diverse family of rubber-like
resistant to swelling by organic liquids, while elastic prop-
materials that, unlike conventional vulcanized rubbers, can
erties are conferred, improved, or extended over a greater
be processed and recycled like thermoplastic materials.
range of temperature.
Torr pressure unit; international standard unit replacing the
Vulcanizing agent compounding material that produces
English measure, millimeters of mercury (mm-Hg).
cross-linking in rubber.
TR-10 a test method for approximating the low-temperature
Vulcanizing system the combination of a vulcanizing agent
capabilities of an elastomer.
and, as required, accelerators, activators and retarders
Transition, first order a reversible change in phase of a used to produce the desired vulcanization characteristics or
material; in the case of polymers, usually crystallization or vulcanizate characteristics.
melting.
Warm-up the reduction in viscosity of a rubber or rubber
Transition, glass (T g ) the reversible physical change in a mix, by mechanical work and heat, to render it suitable for
material from a viscous or rubbery state to a brittle, glassy further processing.
state.
Wicking transmission of a gas or liquid, due to a pressure
Ultraviolet (UV) electromagnetic radiation in the wave- differential or capillary action, along fibers incorporated in
length 4 400 nanometers. a rubber product.

UV stabilizer a compounding material that, through its Wiper ring a device designed to keep out foreign material.
ability to absorb ultraviolet radiation and render it harmless,
Yield point that point on the stress-strain curve, short of
retards the deterioration caused by sunlight and other UV
ultimate failure, where the rate of stress with respect to strain
light sources.
goes through a zero value and may become negative.
Van der Waals force an attractive force between two atoms
Yield strain the level of strain at the yield point.
due to a fluctuating dipole moment in one molecule inducing
a dipole moment in the other molecule which then interact. Yield stress the level of stress at the yield point.

Vapor pressure the pressure of the vapor in equilibrium NOTE: Many definitions are from ASTM D1566. Additional
with its liquid or solid phase. terminology relating to rubber can be found there.

Viscoelasticity a combination of viscous and elastic properties

in a material with the relative contribution of each being
dependent on time, temperature, stress and strain rate.

Viscosity the resistance of a material to flow under stress.

Viscosity, Mooney a measure of the viscosity of a rubber

or rubber compound determined in a Mooney shearing
disk viscometer.

Void, cellular material a cavity unintentionally formed in a

cellular material and substantially larger than the charac-
teristic individual cells.

221
DICHTOMATIK O-RING HANDBOOK
THE O-RING HANDBOOK QUICK INDEX

USING THE QUICK INDEX

The AS568 Sizes, Master Size List and Chemical Compatibility Guide sections are indicated in red so that they can
be found even more easily.

O-Ring Gland Design

AS568 Sizes

ISO 3601 Sizes

DIN 3771 Sizes

BS 4518 Sizes

BS 1806 Sizes

JIS B 2401 Sizes

NF T47-501 Sizes

Master Size List

Sealing Elastomers

Chemical Compatibility Guide

Surface Quality Standards

O-Ring Troubleshooting

Unit Conversions

222
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TEL (952) 894-8400 FAX (952) 894-1588 TEL (805) 546-9600 FAX (805) 546-0234
1-800-328-2840
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1111 Mary Crest Road Suite A, Henderson, NV 89074 TEL (905) 470-2266 FAX (905) 470-2055
TEL (702) 312-2828 FAX (702) 312-2841
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TEL (540) 338-1862 FAX (540) 338-1867

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$19.95 ($29.50 Canada)

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