Sharci
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Sharci (ingiriis: law) waa xeerka ama qanuunka ku jiro bulshada.
Ereyga "sharciga" wuxuu tilmaamayaa nidaam xeerar ah oo ay sameeyaan oo ay dhaqan-geliyaan hay’adaha maamul ee bulshada si ay u nidaamiyaan dhaqanka bulshada. Waxaa loo dejiyey si loo ilaaliyo nidaamka, xuquuqda shakhsiyaadka, loo xalliyo khilaafaadka, iyo in la dhiirrigeliyo cadaaladda iyo sinnaanta.
Nidaamka sharcigu wuxuu ka koobanyahay hay'adaha, xeerarka, habraacyada, iyo mabaadi'da hagaya sida sharcigu loo sameeyo, loo fasirayo, loona dhaqan-geliyo. Waxa ku jira sharciga laftiisa, oo ah xeerarka iyo qawaaniinta rasmi ah ee ay soo saareen sharci-dejiyayaasha ama hay'adaha kale ee maamul, sida xeerarka, qawaaniinta, ama xeerarka maxkamadaha. Hay'adaha amniga sida booliiska ayaa hubiya inay la raacaan shuruucda. Maxkamaduhu waxay fasiraan sharciga, xalliyaan khilaafaadka, isla markaana go'aamiyaan haddii qof ku lug leeyahay fal dambiyeed ama in kale. Qareennada, garsoorayaasha, iyo dacwad-oogayaasha waxay mas'uul ka yihiin talo-bixinta, difaaca, soo-jeedinta dacwadaha, iyo fasiraadda sharciga. Nidaamka sharcigu sidoo kale wuxuu ku saleysan yahay qaab-dhismeed dastuuriga ah oo qeexaya qaab-dhismeedka dowladda, xuquuqda shakhsiyaadka, iyo xadidaadda awoodda dowladeed.[1]
Nidaamyada sharcigu waxay ku kala duwan yihiin dalalka kala duwan. Noocyada caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah nidaamyada sharciga guud, kuwaas oo laga isticmaalo dalalka sida Maraykanka iyo UK, nidaamyada sharciga madaniga ah ee laga helo dalalka Yurub, iyo nidaamyada sharciga diimeed, sida sharciga Islaamiga ah ee dalalka qaar. Ujeedada nidaamka sharcigu waa inuu xaqiijiyo cadaaladda, sinnaanta, iyo hab-sami u socodka bulshada, isagoo bixiyaan habab lagu xalliyo khilaafaadka iyo lagu wax ka qabto falalka xun.
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[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- ↑ Otto, Jan Michiel, ed. (2010). Sharia incorporated: a comparative overview of the legal systems of twelve Muslim countries in past and present. Leiden University Press. ISBN 9789087280574.