Asụsụ Proto-Admiralty Islands

 

Proto-Admiralty Islands (nke a dị ka Proto-Admialty ma ọ bụ Proto-Adminalties ma ọta dị ka PAdm) bụ nna nke Asụsụ Admiralty Islands nke Admiralty Island, nke dị na Papua New Guinea.  Ọ bụ nke alaka Oceanic nke Asụsụ Austronesian.

Robert Blust wu iche ya na 1978 onye egwu na egwu ndị na-agbasa obere m n'ime Oceanic.[1]   Malcolm Ross kwuru ya n'ụzọ ezu na 1998, onye chepụtara njikọ ya na Asụsụ St. Matthias abụọ (Mussau na Tenis).

Ụmụ ya

Proto-Admiralty Islands kewara n'asụsụ abụọ: Proto-Eastern Admiralty na Proto-Western Admirlity.  Taa, ihe dị ka iri atọ (lee Asụsụ Admiralty Islands) mgbo Admiralty Island subgroup nke Oceanic.  A na-ekwu na Yapese bụ nwa ma ọ bụ nwanne nwanne nke Proto-Admiralty Islands.

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Mkpụrụ okwu

Mkpụrụ okwu nke Proto-Admiralty Islands, dị ka Ross si kwuo, bụ (parenthesis na-egosi allophone):

• /*c/, dị ka Proto-Oceanic, na-apụta naanị n'ọnọdụ okwu.
• [*f] bụ allophone nke /*p/ na ọnọdụ okwu etiti.
• /*ʀ/ nwere ike ịbụ [x] ma ọ bụ [ɣ]. N'asụsụ ndị dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Admiralty, mmeghachi omume na-abụkarị [j], ma ọ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ [w] tupu /o/, ebe n'asụsụ ndị Admiralty nke Ọdịda Anyanwụ, ọ na-apụ kpamkpam.
• O yikarịrị ka a na-eme ka okwu ndị a kwupụtara bụrụ ndị a kwadoro.

Ihe ọhụrụ

Ross (1988) na-akọwa ihe ọhụrụ na-ekewa Proto-Admiralty Islands na Proto-Oceanic.

N'ụzọ ụda olu, ha bụ:

• Proto-Oceanic *R furu efu n'ihu ụdaume dị elu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, POc *Rumaq "ụlọ" ghọrọ PAdm *um (a) , mana POc * *Rapi "evening" > PAdm* (pa) Rafi.
• Proto-Oceanic *p ghọrọ *f okwu-etiti. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, POc *Ropok "ịnya ụgbọ elu" ghọrọ PAdm *Rof (o) .
• Mfu nke ụdaume ikpeazụ niile nke Proto-Oceanic, ihe ọhụrụ a na-ahụkarị n'Oceanic. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, POc *boRok "ezì" ghọrọ PAdm *bou.

• A na-eji ndị na-ahazi ọnụọgụ na usoro ọnụọgụ + onye na-ahapụ (nke ya na Mussau na-ekerịta), nke na-emepụta otu okwu.
• A na-eji "Otu" eme ihe dị ka isiokwu a na-ahụkarị, ma dị ka isiokwu na-enweghị njedebe na nke doro anya (nke ya na Mussau kerịkwara).
• A na-efunahụ nsonaazụ nnọchiaha na-abụghị nke otu onye nke Proto-Oceanic ma jiri nnọchiaha disjunctive dochie ya.
• *-ña "onye nke atọ na-anọghị n'otu" na-aghọ *-na (Proto-Admiralty Islands ejikọtaghị *n na *ñ, dị ka POc *poñu "turtle" > PAdm *poñ (u)).
• *kita "onye mbụ na-agụnye ọtụtụ disjunctive" na-aghọ *ta (maka a tụrụ anya *ita na ọnwụ nke ụdaume mbụ).
• Verbs reduplication, nke a na-eji eme ihe iji mepụta akụkụ na-aga n'ihu, furu efu. Asụsụ ụmụ nwanyị na-emekarị akụkụ na-aga n'ihu site na ịgbakwunye ngwaa enyemaka nke pụtara "ịnọ".
• Coalescence nke isiokwu *na na aha nkịtị, na-akpata mgbanwe na ụdaume mbụ.

• Ross (1988). Proto-Oceanic and the Austronesian languages of Western Melanesia. Canberra: Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-85883-367-8. OCLC 20100109.