Afghanistan

Afghanistan

sovereign state, landlocked country, country

Official name	امارت اسلامی افغانستان, Islamskie Państwo Afganistanu, Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, Afganská islamská republika
Native label	افغانستان
Short name	🇦🇫
Anthem	This Is the Home of the Brave
Culture	culture of Afghanistan
Continent	Asia
Country	Afghanistan
Capital	Kabul
Located in time zone	UTC+04:30, Asia/Kabul
Coordinate location	33°0′0″N 66°0′0″E
Coordinates of easternmost point	37°14′3″N 74°53′24″E
Coordinates of northernmost point	38°29′27″N 70°59′21″E
Coordinates of southernmost point	29°23′19″N 62°28′9″E
Coordinates of westernmost point	31°29′12″N 60°51′22″E
Highest point	Noshaq
Lowest point	Amu Darya
Government ein basic form	unitary state, theocracy, Emirate
Office held by head of state	Amir al-Mu'minin
State ein head	Hibatullah Akhundzada
Office head of government hold	Prime Minister of Afghanistan
Government ein head	Mohammad Hasan Akhund
Executive body	Government of Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
Legislative body	National Assembly of Afghanistan
Highest judicial authority	Afghan Supreme Court
Central bank	Da Afghanistan Bank
Member of	UN
Currency	afghani
Driving side	right
Electrical plug type	Europlug, AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types, Schuko
Significant event	Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919
Dema official website	https://alemarahenglish.af/
Hashtag	Afghanistan
Top-level Internet domain	.af
Flag	flag of Afghanistan
Coat of arms	emblem of Afghanistan
Geography of topic	geography of Afghanistan
Get characteristic	not-free country
History of topic	history of Afghanistan
Official religion	Islam
Open data portal	Afghanistan Open Data project
Bibliography	bibliography of Afghanistan
Economy of topic	economy of Afghanistan
Demographics of topic	demographics of Afghanistan
Madhhab	Malikism
Mobile country code	412
Country calling code	+93
Trunk prefix	0
Emergency phone number	112, 100, 101, 102
Licence plate code	AFG
Maritime identification digits	401
Unicode character	🇦🇫
Has list	list of honorary citizens of Afghanistan
Category for maps or plans	Category:Maps of Afghanistan

Afghanistan, wey dem dey officially call de Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, be one landlocked country wey dey for de crossroads of Central Asia den South Asia. E get Pakistan for de east plus south, Iran for de west, Turkmenistan for de northwest, Uzbekistan for de north, Tajikistan for de northeast, den China for de northeast den east. De country cover 652,864 square kilometers (252,072 sq mi) of land, wey chaw parts be mountains, but e get plains for de north plus de southwest, wey de Hindu Kush mountain range separate dem. Kabul be de capital city den de biggest city for Afghanistan. De population of Afghanistan dey estimate say e dey between 36–50 million.

Na people dey live for Afghanistan since Middle Paleolithic era. E get de nickie "graveyard of empires" secof na e see chaw military campaigns, wey dey include ones from de Persians, Alexander de Great, de Maurya Empire, Arab Muslims, de Mongols, de British, de Soviet Union, den de US-led coalition. Afghanistan sanso be de place wey de Greco-Bactrians den de Mughals take rise form big empires. Secof say na different conquerors rule de area from both Iranian den Indian cultural spheres, na de place be center for Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Hinduism, den later Islam. De modern Afghanistan start plus de Durrani Afghan Empire for de 18th century, although sam people dey believe say Dost Mohammad Khan na de real founder of de first modern Afghan state. Afghanistan cam be one buffer state insyd de Great Game between de British Empire den de Russian Empire. From India, de British try take over Afghanistan buh na dem push dem back for de First Anglo-Afghan War; de Second Anglo-Afghan War wey na de British win. After de Third Anglo-Afghan War for 1919, Afghanistan komot from foreign political control wey dem cam turn de independent Kingdom of Afghanistan for 1926. Dis monarchy last almost half century til dem overthrow Zahir Shah for 1973, wey dem cam establish de Republic of Afghanistan.

Since late 1970s, na de history of Afghanistan dey full plus war, wey dey include coups, invasions, insurgencies, den civil wars. De fight start for 1978 wen one communist revolution bring socialist state (wey be reaction to de dictatorship wey coup d’état for 1973 create), den de internal wahala make de Soviet Union invade Afghanistan for 1979. De Mujahideen fight de Soviets insyd de Soviet–Afghan War, den after de Soviets komot for 1989, de Mujahideen continue make dem dey fight among demaselves. By 1996, de Taliban take control over most parts of de country, but de Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan dem create no get international recognition before de US invade Afghanistan for 2001 wey dem overthrow de Taliban. For 2021, de Taliban cam back to power after dem capture Kabul, wey e end de 2001–2021 war. As of June 2024, de Taliban government still never get international recognition secof human rights violations, especially de way dem dey treat women for Afghanistan.

Afghanistan get chaw natural resources like lithium, iron, zinc, den copper. E be de second-largest producer of cannabis resin, den de third largest for both saffron den cashmere. De country be member of de South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation wey e be founding member of de Organization of Islamic Cooperation. Secof de war wey happen for de past decades, de country dey struggle plus high levels of terrorism, poverty, den child malnutrition. Afghanistan still be one of de least developed countries for de world, wey e rank 182nd for de Human Development Index. De gross domestic product (GDP) of Afghanistan be $81 billion by purchasing power parity den $20.1 billion by nominal values. Per capita, de GDP of Afghanistan still be one of de lowest for any country as of 2020.

Government den politics

Administrative divisions

De 34 provinces insyd alphabetical order be:

1. Badakhshan
2. Badghis
3. Baghlan
4. Balkh
5. Bamyan
6. Daykundi
7. Farah
8. Faryab
9. Ghazni
10. Ghor
11. Helmand
12. Herat
13. Jowzjan
14. Kabul
15. Kandahar
16. Kapisa
17. Khost
18. Kunar
19. Kunduz
20. Laghman
21. Logar
22. Nangarhar
23. Nimruz
24. Nuristan
25. Oruzgan
26. Paktia
27. Paktika
28. Panjshir
29. Parwan
30. Samangan
31. Sar-e Pol
32. Takhar
33. Wardak
34. Zabul

Demographics

Urbanization

Kabul be de largest city, plus a population of 5 million. De oda large cities dey locate generally insyd de "ring" around de Central Highlands, namely Kandahar insyd de south, Herat insyd de west, Mazar-i-Sharif, Kunduz insyd de north, den Jalalabad insyd de east.

Largest cities anaa towns insyd Afghanistan 2019 estimate
Rank	Name	Province	Pop.
1	Kabul	Kabul Province	4,273,200
2	Kandahar	Kandahar Province	614,300
3	Herat	Herat Province	556,200
4	Mazar-i-Sharif	Balkh Province	469,200
5	Jalalabad	Nangarhar Province	356,500
6	Kunduz	Kunduz Province	263,200
7	Taloqan	Takhar Province	253,700
8	Puli Khumri	Baghlan Province	237,900
9	Ghazni	Ghazni Province	183,000
10	Khost	Khost Province	153,300

Read further

• Barfield, Thomas (2012). Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-15441-1.
• Bleaney, C. H.; Gallego, María Ángeles (2006). Afghanistan: a bibliography. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-14532-0.
• Clements, Frank (2003). Conflict in Afghanistan: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-402-8.
• Dupree, Louis (1997). Afghanistan (2nd ed.). Oxford Pakistan Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-19-577634-8.
• Ewans, Martin (2002). Afghanistan: A Short History of Its People and Politics. Curzon Press. ISBN 0060505087.
• Fowler, Corinne (2007). Chasing Tales: Travel Writing, Journalism and the History of British Ideas About Afghanistan. Rodopi. ISBN 978-90-420-2262-1.
• Griffiths, John C (2001). Afghanistan: a History of Conflict. Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84222-597-4.
• Habibi, Abdul Hai (2003). Afghanistan: An Abridged History. Fenestra Books. ISBN 978-1-58736-169-2.
• Hopkins, B.D. (2008). The Making of Modern Afghanistan. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-55421-4.
• Johnson, Robert (2011). The Afghan Way of War: How and Why They Fight. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-979856-8.
• Levi, Peter (1972). The Light Garden of the Angel King: Journeys in Afghanistan. Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-211042-6.
• Malleson, George Bruce (2005). History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878 (Elibron Classic Replica ed.). Adamant Media Corporation. ISBN 978-1-4021-7278-6.
• Olson, Gillia M (2005). Afghanistan. Capstone Press. ISBN 978-0-7368-2685-3.
• Omrani, Bijan; Leeming, Matthew (2011). Afghanistan: A Companion and Guide (2nd ed.). Odyssey Publications. ISBN 978-962-217-816-8.
• Reddy, L.R. (2002). Inside Afghanistan: End of the Taliban Era?. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7648-319-3.
• Runion, Meredith L. (2007). The History of Afghanistan. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33798-7.

External links

• Afghanistan. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
• Afghanistan web resources provided by GovPubs at the University of Colorado Boulder Libraries
• Research Guide to Afghanistan Archived 23 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine