suruh

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• soeroeh (1901–1947)

Etymology

Inherited from Malay suruh, from Proto-Malayic *suruh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀuq, from Proto-Austronesian *suʀuq.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈsuruh/ [ˈsu.rʊh]
• Rhymes: -uruh
• Syllabification: su‧ruh

Verb

suruh

1. (transitive) to order (to issue a command to)

Conjugation

Conjugation of suruh (meng-, intransitive)

root	suruh
	active	passive		basic imperative	emphatic jussive
		reflective1	ordinary
	ordinary
nominative	menyuruh	tersuruh	disuruh	suruh	suruhlah
accusative / dative / locative	menyuruhi	tersuruhi	disuruhi	suruhi	suruhilah
perfective causative / applicative2	menyuruhkan	tersuruhkan	disuruhkan	suruhkan	suruhkanlah
	causative
nominative	mempersuruh	terpersuruh	dipersuruh	persuruh	persuruhlah
accusative / dative / locative	mempersuruhi	terpersuruhi	dipersuruhi	persuruhi	persuruhilah
perfective causative / applicative2	mempersuruhkan	terpersuruhkan	dipersuruhkan	persuruhkan	persuruhkanlah

¹ There is another form of reflective passive verb with affixation of ke- -an which is not included in the table. This form is only attested in active voice without causative affixation of per-.
² The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

• penyuruh
• pesuruh
• suruh-suruhan
• suruhan
• suruhkan

Compounds

• suruh dan tegah

References

• “suruh” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*suRuq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Javanese

Romanization

suruh

1. Romanization of ꦱꦸꦫꦸꦃ

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *suʀuq (“to call on a person to do something”). Compare Tagalog sugo.

First attested in the Kota Kapur inscription, 686 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (suruḥ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suruh/
• (Johor-Riau) IPA^(key): [ˈsuɾʊh], [ˈsuɾoh]
• Rhymes: -ruh, -uh

Verb

suruh (Jawi spelling سوروه)

1. to order someone to do something

   Ayah saya menyuruh saya minta maaf sebab mencuri duit kamu.

   My dad ordered me to apologise for stealing your money.

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• penyuruh [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• pesuruh (“one who is ordered to do something”) [passive / name of profession] (pe-)
• suruhan (“one who is ordered to do something; obligation; act of ordering someone to do something”) [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• menyuruh [agent focus] (meN-)
• menyuruhkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• disuruh [patient focus] (di-)
• disuruhkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• tersuruh [agentless action] (teR-)
• bersuruh [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Further reading

• “suruh” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Old Javanese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sʊ.rʊh/
• Rhymes: -rʊh
• Hyphenation: su‧ruh

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀuq, from Proto-Austronesian *suʀuq.

Root

suruh

1. (to) order

Derived terms

• anuruhi
• asuruhan
• masuruhan
• sinuruhakĕn
• suruhan
• susuruhan

Etymology 2

Unknown, probably Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bu-bulu (“betel pepper”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

suruh

1. betel

Derived terms

• gĕgĕt suruh
• taḍah suruh

Descendants

• > Javanese: ꦱꦸꦫꦸꦃ (suruh) (inherited)

Further reading

• "suruh" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.