Maryland General Assembly
| Maryland General Assembly | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Type: | State legislature |
| Term limits: | None |
| Session start: | January 8, 2025 |
| Website: | Official Legislature Page |
| Leadership | |
| Senate President: | William Ferguson IV (D) |
| House Speaker: | Adrienne Jones (D) |
| Majority Leader: | Senate: Nancy King (D) House: David Moon (D) |
| Minority Leader: | Senate: Stephen Hershey Jr. (R) House: Jason Buckel (R) |
| Structure | |
| Members: | 47 (Senate), 141 (House) |
| Length of term: | 4 years (Senate), 4 years (House) |
| Authority: | Art III, Maryland Constitution |
| Salary: | $54,437/year + per diem |
| Elections | |
| Last election: | November 8, 2022 |
| Next election: | November 3, 2026 |
| Redistricting: | Maryland General Assembly has control |
The Maryland General Assembly is the state legislature of Maryland. It is a bicameral body. The upper house, the Maryland State Senate, has 47 members and the lower house, the Maryland House of Delegates, has 141 members. The General Assembly meets each year for 90 days to act on more than 2,300 bills including the State's annual budget, which it must pass before adjourning. Like the Governor of Maryland, members of both houses serve four-year terms. Each house elects its own officers, judges the qualifications and election of its own members, establishes rules for the conduct of its business, and may punish or expel its own members.
The Maryland General Assembly convenes within the State House in Annapolis.
Maryland has a Democratic trifecta. The Democratic Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.
Senate
The Maryland State Senate is the upper house of the General Assembly, the state legislature of Maryland. It is composed of 47 senators elected from single-member districts. Maryland was required to use 2010 Census adjusted population numbers for redistricting, pursuant to the "No Representation Without Population Act" (SB 400/HB 496) signed into law in 2010. Generally, the law requires that the census data must be adjusted to reassign Maryland residents in state and federal correctional institutions to their last known address and to exclude out-of-state residents in correctional institutions for the purposes of creating congressional, state legislative, and local districting plans.
As of the 2020 Census, Maryland state senators represented an average of 131,602 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 123,190 residents.
| Party | As of May 2025 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 34 | |
| Republican Party | 13 | |
| Other | 0 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 47 | |
Click here for a list of members of this chamber.
Democrats won control of the Maryland State Senate in 1900. In 2022, they won a 34-13 majority.
The table below shows the partisan history of the Maryland Senate following every general election from 1990 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Maryland State Senate election results: 1990-2022
| Year | '90 | '94 | '98 | '02 | '06 | '10 | '14 | '18 | '22 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 40 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 35 | 33 | 32 | 34 |
| Republicans | 7 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 13 |
House of Delegates
The Maryland House of Delegates is the lower house of the General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maryland, and is composed of 141 delegates elected from 47 districts. Maryland was required to use 2010 Census adjusted population figures for Maryland Redistricting, pursuant to the "No Representation Without Population Act" (SB 400\HB 496) signed into Maryland law in 2010. Generally, the law requires that the census data must be adjusted to reassign Maryland residents in state and federal correctional institutions to their last known address, and to exclude out-of-state residents in correctional institutions for the purposes of creating congressional, state legislative and local districting plans.
As of the 2020 Census, Maryland state representatives represented an average of 43,867 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 41,063 residents.
| Party | As of May 2025 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 102 | |
| Republican Party | 39 | |
| Other | 0 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 141 | |
Click here for a list of members of this chamber.
Democrats won control of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1920. In 2022, they won a 102-39 majority.
The table below shows the partisan history of the Maryland House following every general election from 1990 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Maryland House of Delegates election results: 1990-2022
| Year | '90 | '94 | '98 | '02 | '06 | '10 | '14 | '18 | '22 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 116 | 100 | 106 | 98 | 106 | 98 | 91 | 99 | 102 |
| Republicans | 25 | 41 | 35 | 43 | 35 | 43 | 50 | 42 | 39 |
Elections
2026
Elections for the Maryland State Senate will take place in 2026. The general election is on November 3, 2026.
Elections for the Maryland House of Delegates will take place in 2026. The general election is on November 3, 2026.
2022
Elections for the Maryland State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for July 19, 2022. The filing deadline was April 15, 2022.
Elections for the Maryland House of Delegates took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for July 19, 2022. The filing deadline was April 15, 2022.
2018
Elections for the Maryland State Senate took place in 2018. The closed primary election took place on June 26, 2018, and the general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was February 27, 2018. The filing deadline for third party and independent candidates was August 6, 2018.[1]
Elections for the Maryland House of Delegates took place in 2018. The closed primary election took place on June 26, 2018, and the general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was February 27, 2018. The filing deadline for third party and independent candidates was August 6, 2018[2]
2014
Elections for the Maryland State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on June 24, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was February 25, 2014.
Elections for the Maryland House of Delegates took place in 2014. A primary election took place on June 24, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was February 25, 2014.
2010
Elections for the office of Maryland State Senate took place in 2010. The primary election was held on September 14, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was July 6, 2010.
Elections for the office of Maryland House of Delegates took place in 2010. The primary election was held on September 14, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was July 6, 2010.
Sessions
Article III of the Maryland Constitution establishes when the General Assembly is to be in session. Section 14 of Article III states that the General Assembly is to convene in regular session every year on the second Wednesday of January.
Section 14 also contains the procedures for convening extraordinary sessions of the General Assembly. If a majority of the members of each legislative house petition the Governor of Maryland with a request for an extraordinary session, the Governor is constitutionally required to proclaim an extraordinary session.
Article II of the Maryland Constitution also gives the Governor of Maryland the power to proclaim an extraordinary session without the request of the General Assembly.
Sessions last for 90 continuous days but can be extended for up to 30 days by vote of the legislature.[3]
2025
In 2025, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 8, 2025, and adjourn on April 7, 2025.
| Click [show] for past years' session dates. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
2024In 2024, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 10, 2024, and adjourn on April 8, 2024. 2023In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 11, 2023, and adjourn on April 10, 2023. 2022In 2022, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 12, 2022, and adjourn on April 11, 2022. 2021In 2021, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 13, 2021, and adjourn on April 12, 2021. 2020In 2020, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 8, 2020, and adjourn on March 18, 2020.
Several state legislatures had their sessions impacted as a result of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. The Maryland State Legislature adjourned its session early, effective March 18, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.[4] 2019In 2019, the legislature was in session from January 9, 2019, through April 8, 2019. 2018In 2018, the legislature was in session from January 10, 2018, through April 9, 2018. To read about notable events and legislation from this session, click here. 2017
In 2017, the legislature was in session from January 11, 2017, through April 10, 2017. 2016
In 2016, the legislature was in session from January 13 through April 11. 2015
In 2015, the legislature was in session from January 14 through April 13. Major issues in 2015Major issues in the 2015 legislative session included the state budget shortfall, expanding charter schools, marijuana decriminalization, fracking, and heroin overdoses.[5] 2014
In 2014, the legislature was in session from January 8 to April 7. Major issues in 2014Major issues during the 2014 legislative session included addressing the state's minimum wage, emergency health insurance, marijuana legalization, and tax relief.[6] 2013
In 2013, the legislature was in session from January 9 to April 8. Major issues in 2013Major issues during the 2013 legislative session included an assault weapons ban, boosting the state's wind power industry, transportation funding, and repeal of the death penalty.[7] 2012
In 2012, the legislature was in session from January 11 through April 19. 2011In 2011, the legislature was in session from January 12 through April 8.[8] A special redistricting session was held from October 17 to October 20.[9][10] 2010In 2010, the legislature was in session from January 13 to April 10.[11] |
Role in state budget
- See also: Maryland state budget and finances
Maryland on 
|
The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[12]
- Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in June of the year preceding the start of the new fiscal year.
- State agencies submit their budget requests to the governor between August and October.
- The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature on the third Wednesday in January.
- The legislature typically adopts a budget by the 83rd day of the session. A simple majority is required to pass a budget. The fiscal year begins July 1.
Maryland is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[12][13][14][15]
The governor is constitutionally required to submit a balanced budget proposal. Likewise, the legislature is required to adopt a balanced budget.[12]
Redistricting
- See also: Redistricting in Maryland
In Maryland, the primary authority to adopt both congressional and state legislative district lines rests with the state legislature. The governor submits a state legislative redistricting proposal (an advisory commission appointed by the governor assists in drafting this proposal). The state legislature may pass its own plan by joint resolution, which is not subject to gubernatorial veto. If the legislature fails to approve its own plan, the governor's plan takes effect. Congressional lines are adopted solely by the legislature and may be vetoed by the governor.[16]
The Maryland Constitution requires that state legislative districts be contiguous, compact, and "give 'due regard' for political boundaries and natural features." No such requirements apply to congressional districts.[16]
2020
Maryland adopted legislative maps on January 27, 2022, when the Maryland House of Delegates approved new legislative district boundaries that had been approved on January 20, 2022, by the Maryland State Senate. The vote in the state Senate was 32-14 and in the House of Delegates was 95-42, both strictly along party lines.[17][18][19][20]Since legislative maps are not subject to gubernatorial veto, the maps were therefore enacted.
2010
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Maryland's population grew from 5.30 million to 5.77 million between 2000 and 2010.[21] The growth rate was slightly below the national average, but was one of the fastest rates in the Northeast. Maryland retained all eight Congressional districts, but population shifts suggested that many districts would need to be redrawn.[22] Baltimore lost population relative to other areas of the state.[23]
Gov. Martin O'Malley introduced a state legislative plan on January 11, 2012. Members of the legislature produced alternative plans, but no hearings were scheduled. O'Malley's map became law in February 2012 without a vote.[24] The map-making process had been criticized for the inclusion of someone who had committed tax evasion on the Redistricting Advisory Committee, but O'Malley noted that the financial troubles of this member were not made known to him or the public until later in the process, and this individual was removed from the process after that point.[25]
The Congressional district map was challenged by petitioners, but a drive to place the matter before voters failed after many of the signatures gathered were voided in a legal decision.[26][27]
Legislators
Leadership
The Senate is led by a president and the House by a speaker whose respective duties and prerogatives enable them to influence the legislative process significantly. The president and the speaker appoint the members of most committees and name their chairs and vice-chairs, except in the case of the Joint Committee on Investigation whose members elect their own officers. The president and speaker preside over the daily sessions of their respective chambers, maintaining decorum and deciding points of order. As legislation is introduced, they assign it to a standing committee for consideration and a public hearing. In the Senate, the president pro tempore appoints majority and minority whips and leaders.[28]
Salaries
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2024[29] | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $54,437/year | $115/day for lodging. $63/day for meals. |
Swearing in dates
Maryland legislators assume office the second Wednesday in January after the election.[30]
District maps
State Senate
State House
Veto overrides
- See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures
State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Maryland are listed below.
How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Three-fifths of members in both chambers.
| Three-fifths of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 85 of the 141 members in the Maryland House of Delegates and 29 of the 47 members in the Maryland State Senate. Maryland is one of seven states that requires a three-fifths vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto. |
How can vetoes be overridden after the legislature has adjourned?
| Vetoes can be overridden in a special session or when the next regular session convenes.[31] A majority of members in both chambers must agree to call for a special session.[32] |
Authority: Article II, Section 17 of the Maryland Constitution.
| "Each House may adopt by rule a veto calendar procedure that permits Bills that are to be reconsidered to be read and voted upon as a single group. The members of each House shall be afforded reasonable notice of the Bills to be placed on each veto calendar. Upon the objection of a member, any Bill shall be removed from the veto calendar. If, after such reconsideration, three-fifths of the members elected to that House pass the Bill, it shall be sent with the objections to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if it passes by three-fifths of the members elected to that House it shall become a law." |
History
Partisan balance 1992-2013
Maryland State Senate: During every year from 1992-2013, the Democratic Party was the majority in the Maryland State Senate. The Maryland State Senate is one of 16 state Senates that were Democratic for more than 80 percent of the years between 1992 and 2013. Maryland was under a Democratic trifecta for the last seven years of the study period.
Across the country, there were 541 Democratic and 517 Republican state Senates from 1992 to 2013.
Maryland House of Delegates: During every year from 1992 to 2013, the Democratic Party was the majority in the Maryland State House of Representatives. The Maryland House of Delegates is one of 18 state Houses that were Democratic for more than 80 percent of the years between 1992-2013. Maryland was under a Democratic trifecta for the last seven years of the study period.
Across the country, there were 577 Democratic and 483 Republican state Houses of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.
Over the course of the 22-year study, state governments became increasingly more partisan. At the outset of the study period (1992), 18 of the 49 states with partisan legislatures had single-party trifectas and 31 states had divided governments. In 2013, only 13 states had divided governments, while single-party trifectas held sway in 36 states, the most in the 22 years studied.
The chart below shows the partisan composition of the Office of the Governor of Maryland, the Maryland State Senate and the Maryland House of Delegates from 1992 to 2013.
.PNG)
SQLI and partisanship
- To read the full report on the State Quality of Life Index (SQLI) in PDF form, click here.
The chart below depicts the partisanship of the Maryland state government and the state's SQLI ranking for the years studied. For the SQLI, the states were ranked from 1-50, with 1 being the best and 50 the worst. Maryland experienced two long periods of Democratic trifectas, between 1992 and 2002 and again between 2007 and 2013. The state cracked the top-10 in the SQLI ranking in three separate years (2002, 2006, and 2008), twice under a Democratic trifecta and once under divided government. Maryland ranked lowest on the SQLI ranking in two separate years (1992 and 1995), in which the state placed 25th under a Democratic trifecta. Maryland has never had a Republican trifecta.
- SQLI average with Democratic trifecta: 16.35
- SQLI average with Republican trifecta: N/A
- SQLI average with divided government: 10.75
Joint committees
- See also: Public policy in Maryland
The Maryland General Assembly has eighteen (18) standing committees.
- Administrative, Executive and Legislative Review
- Audit
- Chesapeake and Atlantic Coastal Bays Critical Area
- Children, Youth, and Families
- Cybersecurity, Information Technology and Biotechnology
- Fair Practices and State Personnel Oversight
- Federal Relations
- Gaming Oversight
- Investigation
- Legislative Ethics
- Legislative Information Technology and Open Government
- Legislative Policy
- Management of Public Funds
- Port of Baltimore
- Protocol
- Spending Affordability
- Unemployment Insurance Oversight
- Workers' Compensation Benefit and Insurance
Constitutional amendments
In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.
The methods in which the Maryland Constitution can be amended:
Article XIV of the Maryland Constitution defines two ways to amend the state constitution—through a legislative process and a state constitutional convention.
Legislature
A 60% vote is required during one legislative session for the Maryland State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 85 votes in the Maryland House of Delegates and 29 votes in the Maryland State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.
Convention
According to Section 2 of Article XIV of the Maryland Constitution, a question about whether to hold a state constitutional convention is to automatically appear on the state's ballot every 20 years starting in 1970. Maryland is one of 14 states that provides for an automatic constitutional convention question.
The table below shows the last and next constitutional convention question election years:
| State | Interval | Last question on the ballot | Next question on the ballot |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maryland | 20 years | 2010 | 2030 |
See also
| Elections | Maryland State Government | State Legislatures | State Politics |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
 |
 |
 |
External links
- Maryland General Assembly
- Maryland Manual On-Line - General Assembly
- Article III of the Maryland Constitution (Legislative Department)
Footnotes
- ↑ Maryland State Board of Elections, "2018 Election Calendar," accessed July 6, 2018
- ↑ Maryland State Board of Elections, "2018 Election Calendar," accessed July 6, 2018
- ↑ Maryland State Archives, "Maryland Constitution," accessed February 11, 2021
- ↑ Patch, "MD Legislature To Adjourn Early, Create Coronavirus Committees," March 15, 2020
- ↑ The Washington Post, "As Md. legislative session nears, uncertainty about Hogan’s agenda," January 10, 2015
- ↑ washingtonpost.com, "10 things to watch in the 2014 Maryland General Assembly session," January 7, 2014
- ↑ Washington Post, "Maryland legislative session begins with bold predictions," January 9, 2013
- ↑ Maryland Department of Legislative Services, "Journal of Proceedings of the Senate of Maryland - 2011 Regular Session - Volume I," accessed February 11, 2021 (Referenced p. iv)
- ↑ Associated Press, "Md. special session anticipated in week of Oct. 17," July 6, 2011
- ↑ Maryland Department of Legislative Services, "Journal of Proceedings of the Senate of Maryland - 2011 Special Session," accessed February 11, 2021
- ↑ Maryland Department of Legislative Services, "Journal of Proceedings of the Senate of Maryland - 2010 Regular Session - Volume I," accessed June 15, 2014 (Referenced p. iv)
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
- ↑ Maryland Secretary of State, "Ballot Question Summaries," accessed January 26, 2024
- ↑ Maryland State Board of Elections, "Official 2020 Presidential General Election results for All State Questions," accessed January 26, 2024
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 All About Redistricting, 'Maryland," accessed April 30, 2015
- ↑ The Baltimore Sun, "Maryland state lawmakers give final OK to new district maps; lawsuit likely," January 27, 2022
- ↑ Maryland General Assembly, "Legislative Districting Plan of 2022," accessed March 15, 2022
- ↑ Maryland General Assembly, "Senate of Maryland 2022 Regular Session - SJ 2," accessed March 16, 2022
- ↑ Maryland General Assembly, "General Assembly of Maryland 2022 Regular Session - SJ 2," accessed March 16, 2022
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "2010 Census: Maryland Profile," accessed February 11, 2021
- ↑ The Baltimore Sun, "Maryland population grows by 480,000, Census says," December 21, 2010
- ↑ Baltimore Sun, "Redistricting: Mighty Baltimore to lose influence," August 11, 2011
- ↑ WBAL, "Lawmakers To Let O'Malley Redistricting Plan Take Effect Without a Vote," accessed February 23, 2012
- ↑ Baltimore Sun, "Redistricting plan questioned after O'Malley adviser's conviction," December 22, 2011
- ↑ The Baltimore Sun, "Redistricting Map Foes Say They Have Passed First Test," May 31, 2012
- ↑ Southern Maryland Online, "Democratic Lawsuit Challenges GOP Petition Success," July 27, 2012
- ↑ Maryland State Archives, "General Assembly," accessed February 11, 2021
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
- ↑ Maryland Constitution, "Article III, Section 6," accessed February 11, 2021
- ↑ The Baltimore Sun, "Hogan vetoes Maryland Democrats' paid sick leave bill," May 25, 2017
- ↑ National Conferences of State Legislatures, "Special sessions," May 6, 2009
| |||||||||||
 |
State of Maryland Annapolis (capital) |
|---|---|
| Elections |
What's on my ballot? | Elections in 2025 | How to vote | How to run for office | Ballot measures |
| Government |
Who represents me? | U.S. President | U.S. Congress | Federal courts | State executives | State legislature | State and local courts | Counties | Cities | School districts | Public policy |
