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Seminar
On
Energy Audit
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Content
What is an Energy Audit ?
Objectives of Energy Audit
The Role of an Energy Audit
Energy audit stages
Inputs and Outputs of Energy audit
Conclusion
References
What is an Energy Audit ?
Energy audit is the first step toward systematic
efforts for conservation of energy. It involves
collection and analysis of energy related data on
regular basis and in a methodological manner.
Objectives of Energy Audit
The Energy Audit provides the vital information base for overall
energy conservation program covering essentially energy
utilization analysis and evaluation of energy conservation
measures.
It aims at :-
Identifying the quality and cost of various energy inputs.
Assessing present pattern of energy consumption in different
cost centers of operations.
Relating energy inputs and production output.
Identifying potential areas of thermal and electrical energy
economy.
Highlighting wastage’s in major areas.
Fixing of energy saving potential targets for individual cost
centers.
Implementation of measures for energy conservation &
realization of savings.
The Role of an Energy Audit
An energy audit identifies which areas in your establishment
unnecessarily consume too much energy, where energy is being
consumed and assesses energy saving opportunities, which is
the most cost-effective to improve, so you get to save money
where it counts the most.
In the factory, doing an energy audit increases awareness of
energy issues among plant personnel. An energy audit in effect
gauges the energy efficiency of your plant against “best
practices”. When used as a “baseline” for tracking yearly
progress against targets, an energy audit becomes the best first
step towards saving money in the production plant.
Stages of Energy Audit
Energy audit stages
Energy audit can be categorized into two types, namely
walk-through or preliminary and detail audit.
Walk-through or preliminary audit
Walk-through or preliminary audit comprises one day or
few days visit to a plant and the output is a simple report
based on observation and historical data provided during
the visit. The findings will be a general comment based on
rule-of-thumbs, energy best practices or the
manufacturer's data.
Preliminary energy audit
• Establish energy consumption in the organization
• Estimate the scope for saving
• Identify the most likely (and the easiest areas for attention
• Identify immediate (especially no-/low-cost) improvements/
savings
• Set a 'reference point‘
• Identify areas for more detailed study/measurement
• Preliminary energy audit uses existing, or easily obtained
data.
Detailed Energy Audit
The detailed audit goes beyond quantitative estimates of
costs and savings. It includes engineering
recommendations and well-defined project, giving due
priorities. Approximately 95% of all energy is accounted
for during the detailed audit. The detailed energy audit is
conducted after the preliminary energy audit.
Sophisticated instrumentation including flow meter, flue
gas analyzer, scanners and other advanced instruments are
used to compute energy efficiency.
Inputs and Outputs of Energy audit
Contents of an Audit
An energy audit assesses the effectiveness of management
structure for controlling energy use and implementing
changes. The energy audit report establishes the needs for
plant metering and monitoring, enabling the plant
manager to institutionalize the practice and hence, save
money for the years to come. The energy audit action plan
lists the steps and sets the preliminary budget for the
energy management program.
Steps for Energy Management and Energy audit….
Analysis of energy use
Identification of energy projects
Cost benefit analysis
Action plan to set implementation priority
1. Analysis of energy use
Identifying where energy is used is useful because it identifies
which areas the audit should focus on and raises awareness of
energy use and cost.
Analysis of energy use in the review of management
structures and procedures for controlling energy use. This is
a good source data for allocating energy use. The plant
manager can also list all equipment used and the
corresponding operating hours. With this information, one
can create spreadsheet information and generate charts
useful for analysis.
1. Analysis of energy use
Important points to be considered when collecting Site Load Data:
Operating hours - This can be gathered from plant personnel. It is
important to ensure the accuracy of this data because much of the potential
for energy savings lies on correct estimation of the equipment’s operating
hours.
Duty cycle - Machines such as large electric motors have varying loads and
hence, different power requirements.
Actual power consumed - For electric power users, this is based on either 3-
phase current/voltage readings or power analyzer measurements (e.g.,
direct kW which incorporates power factor). For fuel users, tank readings
of monthly consumption estimates and flow meters with totalization can be
sources of measurement of air, water, steam, oil etc..
2. Identification of energy projects
Opportunities for energy savings can range from the
simplest, such as lighting retrofits, to the most complex
such as the installation of a cogeneration plant. The
important thing to remember is to focus on major energy
users and areas. Always apply the 80/20 rule, focus on
opportunities that provide 80% of the saving but require
20% input. After the preliminary identification of
opportunities, spend more time on those which have
shorter payback periods.
3. Cost benefit analysis
The identified energy conservation opportunities should be
analyzed in terms of the costs of implementing the project
versus the benefits that can be gained. If you want to, say,
install a heat plate exchanger to recover waste heat, you
need to calculate the total cost of installation and compare
that with the savings you will derive from recovering waste
heat. It makes sense to go on with the project if there is a
net positive benefit from the project.
4. Action plan to set implementation priority
After passing the cost benefit test, an action plan should be
developed to ensure that the opportunities identified are
implemented. The action plan should include all the major
steps for implementing the opportunity as well as the
people responsible.
Conclusions
Presently, the average annual energy consumption
is 24 lakh units.
The possible saving by implementing the proposed
measures are 5.98 lakh units of electricity & 5,040
kg of LPG used in canteen which comes to about
25 % reduction of annual energy bill, at a capital
investment of Rs. 163.15 Lakhs.
References
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.studymafia.org
www.pptplanet.com
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