Well come to my presentation!!
Bahir Dar Institute of Technology
Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Program (Msc ):Mechanical Design Engineering
Engineering Design Laboratory
Tittle:-contact Stress Theories
Prepared By: Tibebu Meride
ID NO. BDU 0702325 PR
outline
Discussion contact stress theories
Contact b/n two elastic bodies
Contact b/n spheres
Contact b/n two cylinders
Contact b/n two parallel cylinder
Contact b/n crossed cylinder
introduction
Where does contact stress occur?
Ball bearings
Railroad wheel on a track
Bowling ball on an alley
Want to find the local stress at the point (region) of
contact
This will depend on elasticity of contacting materials (E &
v),loading, and geometry.
Curved Surfaces in Contact
The theoretical contact area of two spheres is a point (=0dimensional)
The theoretical contact area of two parallel cylinders is a line
(= 1-dimensional)
As a result, the pressure between two curved surfaces
should be infinite
The infinite pressure at the contact should cause immediate
yielding of both surfaces
Curved Surfaces in Contact Examples
Spherical Contact Surfaces
Where: F = force pressing the two spheres
together
d1 and d2=diameters of the two solid spheres in
contact
E1, V1, E2, V2 = respective elastic constants of the two
spheres
Spherical Contact Surfaces
Curved Surfaces in Contact Examples (contd.)
Spheres in Contact
The radius of the contact area is given by:
Cont..
Cylindrical Contact Surfaces
Cont..
Spheres in Contact
Principal Stresses
The principal stresses 1, 2, and 3
are generated on the z-axis:
Spheres in Contact Vertical Stress
Distribution at
Center of Contact Area
Depth below contact area
Cont..
Two Spheres in Contact
The suffixes 1 and 2 relate to spheres 1 and 2 respectively
General Case
Spheres of Same Material
cont..
Sphere in Contact with a Plane
General Case
Cont..
Sphere Between Two Parallel Planes
Cont..
Equal Diameter Cylinders Crossed
with Their Axes at Right Angles
Cont..
Cont..
Unequal Diameter Cylinders Crossed with
Their Axes at Right Angles
Cont..
Cont..
Unequal Diameter Cylinders Crossed with
Their Axes at Any Angle.
Cont..
The suffix 1 refers to the larger diameter
cylinder, the suffix 2 to the smaller.
Let the axes be inclined at an acute angle e to
one another.
It is first necessary to obtain the ratio A/B by
solving the following equations, for A and B.
Cont.
From the calculated value of A/B the values of K and 1/e dE/de
Cont..
The maximum shear and Von Mises stress
are reached below the contact area.
This causes pitting where little pieces of
material break out of the surface.
Cylinders in Contact
The half-width b of the rectangular contact
area of two parallel cylinders is found as:
Cont..
Where E1 and E2 are the moduli of
elasticity for cylinders 1 and 2 and
1and 2 are the Poissons ratios,
respectively. L is the length of contact.
The maximum contact pressure along
the center line of the rectangular
contact area is:
Cylinders in Contact (contd.)
The equations for two cylinders in contact are
also valid for:
Cylinder on a flat plate (a flat plate is a cylinder
with an infinitely large radius)
Cylinder in a cylindrical groove (a cylindrical
groove is a cylinder with a negative radius)
Cont.
Effects of Material Combinations
The maximum contact pressure between two
curved surfaces depends on:
Type of curvature (sphere vs. cylinder)
Radius of curvature
Magnitude of contact force
Elastic modulus and Poissons ratio of contact
surfaces
Thanks!
