Fans

• A fan is used for circulating the air through the entire

duct system and the conditioned space. It is usually
located at the inlet of the air conditioner.
• The air at inlet to the fan is below atmospheric pressure
while at the exhaust or outlet of the fan is above
atmospheric pressure.
Types of Fans
• The following two types of fans may be used for the
transmission of air:
1- Centrifugal or radial flow fans.
2- Axial flow fans.
• When the air enters the impeller axially and is discharged
radially from the impeller, it called a centrifugal or radial
flow fan.
• When the air flows parallel to the axis of impeller, it is
called an axial flow fan.
Centrifugal Fans
The centrifugal fans are widely used for duct air
conditioning system, because they can efficiently move
large or small quantities of air over a greater range of
operating pressures.
• The fan impeller may have the following three types of
blades :
1. Radial or straight blades
2- Forward curved blades
3- Backward curved blades
Axial Flow Fans

• The axial flow fans are divided into the following three
groups :
1- Propeller fan
The propeller fans are used only when the resistance to air
movement is small. They are useful for the ventilation of attic
spaces, lavatories and bathrooms, removal of cooking odors
from kitchens and many other applications where little or no
duct work is involved.
2- Tube axial fan
These fans are easily installed in round ducts. They are
more efficient than propeller fans.
Vane axial fan.
This fan eliminates spiral flow of the discharge air and
reduces the turbulence of flow. The efficiency of operation
and the pressure characteristics are better than those of
tube axial fan.
Fan Rating
Fan manufacturers usually publish characteristic curves in
terms of the fan’s static pressure rather than the fan’s total
pressure.
Fan System Effect
When the duct system is connected to the fan, the fan
operating conditions are influenced and the fan
performance will get altered.
The figure below shows the air velocity profiles in a duct at
various distances from the outlet of a housed centrifugal
fan. The air in the fan is pushed against the outside of the
housing by the movement of the fan wheel.
At point A in the figure, the velocity pressure is high and the
available static pressure is low. As the air moves down the
duct, the velocity of the air becomes more uniform across
the duct, and the static pressure increases as the velocity
pressure decreases. At point B in the figure, the air velocity
is uniform across the duct, and low compared to the outlet
velocity (point A).
Total Pressure Developed by a Fan
• In case of a fan
• The fan static pressure ( PSF ) is the pressure increase
produced by a fan.
• The fan velocity pressure ( PvF ) is the velocity pressure
corresponding to the mean velocity of air at the fan outlet
based on the total outlet area. The total pressure created
by a fan ( pTF) is the algebraic difference between the total
pressure at the fan outlet and the total pressure at the fan
inlet. Mathematically, fan total pressure
𝑃𝑇𝐹 = 𝑃𝑇2 − 𝑃𝑇1
where 𝑃𝑇2 = Total pressure at fan outlet = 𝑃𝑆2 − 𝑃𝑉1
= Static pressure at fan outlet + Velocity pressure at fan outlet
𝑃𝑇1 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡
= Static pressure at fan inlet + Velocity pressure at fan inlet
= 𝑃𝑆1 − 𝑃𝑉1
Fan total pressure = Fan static pressure + Fan velocity pressure
𝑃𝑇𝐹 = 𝑃𝑆𝐹 + 𝑃𝑉𝐹 = 𝑃𝑆𝐹 + 𝑃𝑉2
Fan Air Power
Total fan air power 𝑃𝑎𝑡 = 𝑄 𝑃𝑇𝐹 𝐾𝑝 𝑊
where
Q = Total quantity of air flowing at the fan inlet in m3/s,
PTF = Fan total pressure in N/m2, and
Kp = Compressibility coefficient.
Static fan air power 𝑃𝑎𝑠 = 𝑄 𝑃𝑆𝐹 𝐾𝑝 𝑊
Fan Efficiencies
The ratio of the total fan air power to the driving power (or brake
power) required at the fan shaft is known as total fan efficiency. It is
also called mechanical efficiency of the fan.
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
Total fan efficiency is 𝜂 𝑇𝐹 =
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
Static fan efficiency is 𝜂𝑆𝐹 =
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
Example
A centrifugal fan has a circular inlet duct of 0.45 m diameter and
a rectangular outlet duct of 0.45 m by 0.375 m. The static
pressure at the fan inlet is -12.5 mm H2O and the static pressure
at the fan outlet is 25 mm H2O when the fan delivers 115 m3/min
and absorbs 1 kW. Assuming standard air density in both ducts
and compressibility factor as 1, determine
(a) total pressure at fan inlet and outlet, (b) fan total pressure
and fan static pressure, and (c) fan efficiency and fan static
efficiency.
Solution
Given :
D = 0.45 m ; a = 0.45 m ; b = 0.375 m ; PS1= - 12.5 mm H2O;
PS2 = 25 mm H2O; Q = 115 m3/min; B.P. = 1 kW; Kp = 1
Total pressure at fan inlet and outlet
Let PT1 = Total pressure at fan inlet, and
PT2 = Total pressure at fan outlet.
Cross-sectional area of circular inlet duct,
𝜋 2 𝜋
𝐴1 = 𝐷 = (0.45)2 = 0.16 𝑚2
4 4
Velocity of air in the inlet duct,
𝑄 115
𝑉1 = = = 11.98 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝐴1 (60) 0.16(60)
velocity pressure in the inlet duct,
𝑃𝑉1 = 0.6 𝑉 2 = 0.6(11.98)2 = 86.11 𝑃𝑎
Total pressure at fan inlet,
𝑃𝑇1 = 𝑃𝑆1 + 𝑃𝑉1 = −12.5 9.81 + 86.11 = − 36.3 𝑃𝑎
Cross-sectional area of rectangular outlet duct,
𝐴2 = 𝑎𝑥𝑏 = 0.45𝑥0.375 = 0.17 𝑚2
Velocity of air in the outlet duct,
𝑄 115
𝑉2 = = = 11.3 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝐴2 (60) 0.17(60)
velocity pressure in the outlet duct,
𝑃𝑉2 = 0.6 𝑉2 2 = 0.6(11.3)2 = 76.61 𝑃𝑎
Total pressure at fan outlet,
𝑃𝑇2 = 𝑃𝑆2 + 𝑃𝑉2 = 25 9.81 + 76.61 = 321.86 𝑃𝑎
Fan total and static pressure
𝑃𝑇𝐹 = 𝑃𝑇2 + 𝑃𝑇1 = 321.86 − −36.3 = 358.16 𝑃𝑎
𝑃𝑆𝐹 = 𝑃𝑇𝐹 − 𝑃𝑉2 = 358.16 − 76.61 = 358.16 − 76.61 = 281.55 𝑝𝑎
Fan total and static efficiency
Total fan air power
𝑃𝑎𝑡 = 𝑄 𝑃𝑇𝐹 𝐾𝑝 = (115/60) 358.16 = 686.5 𝑊
Static fan air power,
𝑃𝑎𝑠 = 𝑄 𝑃𝑆𝐹 𝐾𝑝 = (115/60)(281.55)= 539.64 W
𝑃𝑎𝑡 686.5
Fan total efficiency, 𝜂 𝑇𝐹 = = = 68.65 %
𝐵𝑃 1000
𝑃𝑎𝑠 539.64
Fan static efficiency, 𝜂𝑆𝐹 = = = 53.96 %
𝐵𝑃 1000
Fan Performance Curves

• A fan performance curve is a graph of a fan's volume rate

plotted against pressure, power, or efficiency.
• In all the figures, the abscissas represent the range of air
flow capacity expressed as a percentage of the amount of
air delivered when the fan is discharging freely into an
open space.
• The coordinates represent the percentages of efficiency,
power at free delivery and static pressure with outlet
closed.
Example
A fan for the ventilation plant is to be exported to an area
where the air density is 0.96 kgIm3 and is scheduled to
deliver 6 m3/s against a static pressure of 50 mm H2O, with
a static efficiency of 65 %. If it is driven by a constant speed
motor, calculate the static pressure and shaft power in the
maker's works where the air density is 1.2 kgIm3.
Solution
Given: P1= 0.96 kg/ m3 ; Q1 = 6 m3/s ; PSF1 = 50 mm H2O ;
ηs = 65% ; p2 = 1.2 kg/ m3
Static pressure in the maker's works
Let PSF2 = Static pressure in the maker's works.
𝑃𝑆𝐹1 𝑃𝑆𝐹2
=
𝜌1 𝜌2
𝜌2 1.2
𝑃𝑆𝐹2 = 𝑃𝑆𝐹1 = 50𝑥 = 62.5 𝑚𝑚 H2O = 613 Pa
𝜌1 0.96
Shaft power in the maker's works
Since the speed (N) and diameter of impeller (D) is
𝑄1 𝑄2
constant, therefore from the relation 3 = 3
𝑁1 (𝐷1 ) 𝑁2 (𝐷2 )
Then, Q1 = Q2 = 6 m3/s
Static fan air power, 𝑃𝑎𝑆2 = 𝑄𝑥𝑃𝑆𝐹2 = 6𝑥613 = 3678 𝑊
Shaft power in the maker's works,
𝑃𝑎𝑆2 3678
𝑃𝑆2 = = = 5660 𝑊 = 5.66 𝑘𝑊
𝜂𝑆 0.65
Example
A centrifugal fan is operating as shown in figure at point 1.
Estimate the capacity, total pressure, and power requirement
when the speed is increased to 1050 rpm. The
initial power requirement is 2 hp.
Solution
The first three fan laws may be
used to estimate the new
capacity, total pressure, and
𝑄2 𝑁2 𝐷2 3
Power. 1- = = ( )
𝑄1 𝑁1 𝐷1
𝑁2 1050
𝑄2 = 𝑄1 = 5000
𝑁1 900
= 5833 cfm
𝑃𝑇𝐹2 𝑁2 2 𝐷2 2 𝑄2 2
2- = ( ) = ( ) = ( )
𝑃𝑇𝐹1 𝑁1 𝐷1 𝑄1

𝑁2 2 1050 2
𝑃𝑇𝐹2 = 𝑃𝑇𝐹1 ( ) = 1.5( ) = 2.34 𝑖𝑛. 𝑊𝑔
𝑁1 900

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟2 𝑁2 3 𝐷2 5
3- = ( ) = ( )
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟1 𝑁1 𝐷1

𝑁 1050 3
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟2 = 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟1 ( 2 )3 = 2( ) = 3.2 𝑕𝑃
𝑁1 900
Systems in Series
If a number of systems R1 , R2 , R3 etc. having constants K1 , K2 ,
K3 etc. are connected in series, as shown in figure a, it can be
reduced to a single equivalent system as shown in figure b.
The resistance of a single equivalent system or the overall
system resistance for the given flow rate is obtained by adding
the individual system resistances, i.e.
Re = R1 + R2 + R3
Or K Q2 = K1Q2 + K2Q2 + K3Q2
and K = K1 + K2 + K3
Systems in Parallel
If a number of systems R1, R2, R3 etc. having constants K1, K2 ,
K3 etc. are connected in parallel, as shown in Fig. a, it can be
reduced to a single equivalent system as shown in Fig. b. The
resistance of a single equivalent system or the overall system
resistance for the given flow rate may be obtained by
calculating the constant K for the equivalent system from the
constants K1 , K2 , K3 etc. of the parallel system.
Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 Re = R1 = R2 = R3

𝑅𝑒 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3
= + +
𝐾 𝐾1 𝐾2 𝐾3

1 1 1 1
= + +
𝐾 𝐾1 𝐾2 𝐾3
Fan and system characteristic
All of the duct work elements such as elbows, tees,
registers, dampers etc., offer resistance to the flow of air
and cause loss in pressure.
The change in pressure loss or resistance with the change in
flow rate is called system characteristic.
The system resistance or
pressure loss of any fixed
system varies as the square
of the flow rate, i.e.
𝑅 or 𝑃𝐿 = 𝑘𝑄2
Fans in Series

Some times it is necessary to use more than one fan in conjunction

with a given system. The fans may be used in series that is the
outlet of the first fan is connected to the inlet of second fan and
outlet of the second fan is connected to the inlet of the third fan
and so on, as shown in figure.
1- The volume flow rate (Q )
through each fan is same, i.e.
Q = Q 1 = Q2 = Q 3
2- The fan total pressure
( pTF ) is equal to the sum
of the fan total pressures
developed by the individual
fans, i.e.
PTF = PTF1 + PTF2 + PTF3
Fans in Parallel
The fans may be used in parallel that is the inlets and outlets of
the fans are connected together, as shown in figure. When the
fans are connected in parallel, then the fan total pressure of
each fan is the same i.e.
PTF = PTF1 = PTF2 = PTF3
The total volume delivered (Q ) is equal to the sum of the
volumes delivered by the individual fans, i.e. Q = Q1+ Q2 + Q3
Example
A fan delivers air to a system as shown in figure, where R1 =
50 mm H2O for a volume flow of 180 m3/min and R2 = R3 =
17.5 mm H2O for a volume flow of 60 m3/min. The fan
performance is as follows :
Find the volume of air handled by the fan.
Solution
Given: R1 = 50 mm H2O; Q1 = 180 m3/min; R2 = R3 = 175 mm
H2O; Q2 = Q3 = 60 m3/min
𝑅 = 𝑘𝑄2
𝑅1 50 −3
𝑅2 17.5
𝐾1 = 2 = 2
= 1.54𝑥10 𝐾2 = 2 =
𝑄1 180 𝑄2 602
𝐾2 = 𝐾3 = 4.86𝑥10−3
1 1 1
𝑄 = 𝑄2 + 𝑄3 = + = 1.2𝑥10−3
𝐾𝑒 𝐾2 𝐾3
𝑅 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑒 = 𝐾1 𝑄2 + 𝐾𝑒 𝑄 2

= 1.54𝑥10−3 𝑄2 + 1.2𝑥10−3 𝑄2 = 2.74𝑥10−3 𝑄2

Volume of air handled by the fan= Volume of air at P = 145 m3/min
FAN SIZING
• In a duct system, a fan is used to supply the necessary
forces to bring the fluid from rest to the system velocity,
and overcome friction forces. The force exerted by the
fan is the fan total pressure.
• The total pressure is divided into two vector
components. The first component, velocity pressure, is
in the direction of the flow and whose magnitude is
positive and proportional to the velocity. The second
component, static pressure, is normal to the direction of
the flow.
• Static pressure may be positive, exerting outward from
the frame of reference, or negative, exerting inward.
Velocity pressure is always positive, and the sum of the
static and velocity pressures is the total pressure.
Fan Selection Example
The fan must be selected to deliver a specific volumetric
flow rate (cfm) and generate static pressure (in H2O) to
overcome the pressure losses due to ducts, fitting, and the
components of an air handling unit (AHU). The total static
pressure (PTS) is the sum of the external static pressure (PES)
and internal static pressure (PIS). PTS = PES + PIS
where,
• PES is the static pressure created downstream of the AHU
and it includes all the duct losses from the fan until it
reaches the discharge point. This could include a negative
static pressure on the pull side of the fan and a positive
pressure on the push side, or any combination of pressures
the fan must overcome.
• It is estimated by the HVAC design engineer as he lays
out the ductwork, diffusers, and terminal devices.
• PIS, as it pertains to the HVAC AHU, is the static pressure
loss across the filters, coils, louvers, dampers, and twists
and turns inside the AHU casing. PIS is usually provided by
the supplier, but for custom designs, the HVAC design
engineer estimates the pressure loss across the various
components of the AHU.
Example: An air conditioning layout below depicts an air
handling unit (AHU) supplying cool air to an office space.
The supply air fan discharges to supply air diffusers SAD -1
& SAD - 2 through the supply duct and draws air through
the return duct via the return air grille (RAG -1). It also
draws fresh air through a louver (OAL -1). Estimate the total
pressure loss for sizing the fan.
Solution
The layout shows four (4) paths of air flow and six (6) duct
sections.
Path #1: Air supply through duct sections AB and BC
Path #2: Air supply through duct sections AB, BD and DE
Path #3: Air return through duct section FG
Path #4: Outdoor air intake through duct section HG
The section occurs at:
• Change in duct size
• Change in air volume
Now using the friction charts, let’s find out the duct pressure
losses per 100-ft. length of duct.
Path #1:
a. Duct run AB; (12” diameter, 1000 cfm) = 0.2 in. H2O/100 ft.
duct length
b. Duct run BC ; (8 “ diameter, 500 cfm) = 0.37 in. H2O/100 ft.
duct length
c. SAD-1 = 0.12 in.H2O (from manufacturer’s catalog)
d. Total Pressure Loss = [0.2 + 0.37 + 0.12] = 0.69 in. H2O/100
ft. of duct length
Path #2:
a. Duct run AB; (12” diameter, 1000 cfm) = 0.2 in. H2O/100
ft. duct length
b. Duct run BD ; ( 10” diameter, 500 cfm) = 0.14 in. H2O/100
ft. duct length
c. Duct run DE; ( 8” diameter, 500 cfm) = 0.37 in. H2O/100
ft. duct length
d. SAD-2 = 0.12 in. H2O (from manufacturer’s catalog)
e. Total Pressure Loss = [0.2 + 0.14 + 0.37 + 0.12] = 0.83 in.
H2O/100 ft. duct length
Path #3:
a. RAG -1 = 0.08 in. H2O (from manufacturer’s catalog)
b. Duct runs FG; ( 12” diameter, 900 cfm) = 0.16 in. H2O
/100 ft. duct length
c. Total Pressure Loss = [0.08 + 0.16] = 0.24 in. H2O /100 ft.
duct length
Path #4:
a. OAL-1 = 0.08 in. H2O(from manufacturer’s catalog)
b. Duct runs HG; ( 6” diameter, 100 cfm) = 0.08 in. H2O /100
ft. duct length
c. Total Pressure Loss = [0.08 + 0.08] = 0.16 in. H2O /100 ft.
duct length
Pressure Loss due to Fittings
All the pressure losses computed above are for 100-ft.
length of duct. Pressure drops in duct fittings have
equivalent lengths. All duct lengths and equivalent
lengths are added together to achieve the maximum PES.
Say, for this example, the effective length (straight length
of duct + equivalent length of fittings) for various duct
sections is:
a. AB = 25 ft. b. BC = 35 ft. c. BD = 75 ft.
d. DE = 35 ft. e. FG = 50 ft. f. HG = 10 ft.
Let’s compute the total pressure losses on actual lengths.
Path #1:
a. Duct run AB = 0.2 x 25/100 = 0.05 in. H2O
b. Duct run BC = 0.37 x 35/100 = 0.13 in. H2O
c. SAD-1 = 0.12 in. H2O
d. Total Pressure Loss = [0.05 + 0.13 + 0.12] = 0.30 in. H2O
Path #2:
a. Duct run AB= 0.2 x 25/100 = 0.05 in. H2O
b. Duct run BD = 0.14 x 75/100 = 0.10 in. H2O
c. Duct run DE = 0.37 x 35/100 = 0.13 in. H2O
d. SAD-2 = 0.12 in. H2O
e. Total Pressure Loss = [0.05 + 0.10 + 0.13 + 0.12] = 0.40 in.
H2O
Path #3:
a. RAG -1 = 0.08 in. H2O
b. Duct runs FG= 0.16 x 50/100 = 0.08 in. H2O
c. Total Pressure Loss = [0.08 + 0.08] = 0.16 in. H2O
Path #4:
a. OAL-1 = 0.08 in. - wc
b. Duct runs HG = 0.08 x 10/100 = 0.008 in.- wc
c. Total Pressure Loss = [0.08 + 0.008] = 0.09 in.- wc
Maximum PES:
Sum the pressure losses calculated for each branch from
the fan to an air discharge point. The branch with the
largest pressure loss sets the system pressure drop. In our
example, Path #2 + Path #4 give the maximum pressure
loss. PES, max = 0.40 + 0.09 = 0.49 in. H2O
Equipment Loss (PIS):
a. Filters = 0.15 in. H2O (from manufacturer’s catalog)
b. Cooling Coil = 0.50 in. H2O (from manufacturer’s catalog)
c. Heating Coil = 0.28 in. H2O (from manufacturer’s catalog)
Maximum PIS : Maximum ISP is the sum of component
losses. PIS max = 0.15+ 0.50 + 0.28 = 0.93 in. H2O
Fan Selection : The fan selection shall be made based on
the total pressure loss.
PS max = PES max + PIS max
PS max = 0.49 + 0.93 = 1.42 in. H2O
Safety factor, (SF-1)
To allow for the accumulation of dirt on the filters and
coils, and for possible changes in the installation of duct
work, a safety factor (10 to 15%) is usually added.
Safety factor, (SF -2)
The configuration of the fan connection to the duct at
the inlet and outlet causes serious degradation to the fan
performance and is usually compensated by putting
some additional safety factor.
This is called fit fan system effect factor and the value is
based on the use of charts and graphs published by the
Air Movement and Control Association (AMCA) and the
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National
Association (SMACNA). Alternatively, as a rule of thumb,
a 10% safety factor is recommended for system effect.
Therefore, the:
Total Fan Static Requirement = PS max ( SF-1x SF-2) = 1.42
(1.15) ( 1.1) = 1.8 in.H2O
Therefore, the fan must be selected to produce a
pressure rise of at least 1.8 in. H2O to overcome the
ductwork system losses.
Example
A duct system is represented as shown in figure below, R1 =
60 mm H2O at 180 m3/min, R2 = 18 mm H2O at 60 m3/min,
and R3 = 30 mm H2O at 75 m3/min. Calculate the constant
of an equivalent resistance of the above system and hence
the pressure loss if the volume flow rate through R1 is 120
m3/min.
Solution
Given: R1= 60 mm H2O ; Q1= 180m3/min; R2 = 18 mm H2O;
Q2 = 60 m3/min ; R3 = 30 mm H2O ; Q3 = 75 m3/min ; Q = 120
𝑅1 60 −3
m /min 𝐾1 = 2 =
3
2 = 1.85𝑥10
𝑄1 180
𝑅2 18 𝑅3 30
𝐾2 = = = 5𝑥10−3 𝐾3 = = = 5.3𝑥10−3
𝑄22 602 𝑄32 752
1 1 1 1 1
= + = + = 27.84
𝐾 𝐾2 𝐾3 5𝑥10−3 5.3𝑥10−3

𝐾 = 1.3𝑥10−3

𝐾𝑒 = 𝐾 + 𝐾1 = 1.3𝑥10−3 + 1.85𝑥10−3 = 3.15𝑥10−3

𝑅𝑒 = 𝐾𝑒 𝑄2 = 3.15𝑥10−3 (120)2 = 45.36 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
Problems
1- What is the function of a fan in an air-conditioning system ?
2- Define the following : (a) Fan total pressure, (b) Fan air power,
and (c) Fan total efficiency
3- The air at inlet of a fan is atmospheric pressure.
4- In axial flow fans, the air flows ---------------------- to the axis of
impeller.
5- The fan total pressure is the algebraic--------between the total
pressure at the fan outlet and the total pressure at the fan inlet.
6- The capacity of a fan is ----------------------- to ------------of the
impeller diameter.
7- If N is the fan speed, then power of a fan is ------------------
----------- to---------
8- If D is the impeller diameter, then power of a fan is --------
----------------------to--------
9- A fan draws in air freely and discharges through a test duct
of cross-section 0.07 m2 in which the static pressure is 20 %
of the velocity pressure. If the total efficiency of the fan is
65 % and the input power is 1 kW, find the quantity of air
being delivered in m3/min. [Ans. 99 m3/min ]

10- A fan is to deliver 500 m3/min at a static pressure of 25

mm H2O when running at 250 r.p.m and requiring 5 kW. If
the fan speed is changed to 300 r.p.m, find the capacity,
static pressure and the power required. [Ans. 600
m3/min ; 36 mm of water; 8.64 kW]
11- A fan delivers air to a system as shown in figure.

where
R1 = 12.5 mm H2O for a volume flow of 300 m3/min ;
R2 = 12.5 mm H2O for a volume flow of 180 m3/min ; and
R3 = 17.5 mm H2O for a volume flow of 120 m3/min.
The fan performance is as follows :

Find the quantity of air flowing through each duct.

[Ans. 280 m3/min; 178 m3/min; 102 m3/min ]
The performance for a centrifugal fan driven by a constant
speed motor is given below:

Plot these and superimpose a shaft power curve. From this,

determine the shaft power at 50 m3/s. Also determine the
power if the volume flow is reduced to 30 m3/s by damper
regulation.
If instead of using damper regulation, the fan speed is reduced
approximately by a hydraulic coupling of constant torque and
zero slip, calculate the reduction in power input to the fan
shaft. [Ans. 53 kW; 37.8 kW ; 18.7 kW].
12- A fan is connected to a system as shown in figure, where
R1 = 50 mm H2O for a volume flow of 120 m3/min ; R2 = 22.5
mm H2O for a volume flow of 45 m3/min ; R3 = 15 mm H2O
for a volume flow of 45 m3/min ; and R4 = 10 mm H2O for a
volume flow of 60 m3/min. Determine the fan operating
point and the volumes of air flowing in R2 and R3. [Ans.
103.5 m3/min at 90.5 mm of water ; 46.7 m3/min; 56.8
m3/min]