MARKSMANSHIP COULD be loaded.

Never assume that

someone has handed you an unloaded gun.
The art of shooting and hitting the target accurately. Take the time necessary to see safety
The most and foremost concern is Firearm Safety. inspect the firearm yourself before moving
on. Never accept into your possession a
firearm that you are unfamiliar thinking that
you can fiddle with it until you figure it out.
OBJECTIVES OF MARKSMANSHIP
You will never be wrong to ask for
TRAINING: assistance and a demonstration of safe and
correct usage of that firearm.
 To impart to the students the knowledge on
Gun Safety with respect to the basic pistol
 # 2 Never let the muzzle cover anything
marksmanship fundamentals;
that you are not willing to destroy.
 To develop the shooter/firer’s accuracy and
Situational awareness is critical to firearm
speed in firing by acquiring the basic skill is gun
safety. Before you make contact with
handling;
firearm consider your environment and
 To develop the shooter’s alertness to his
determine your safe direction. In you are at
surroundings and the ability to recognize
an indoor or outdoor range and are unsure,
potential combat situation before the enemy
ask IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO ALWAYS
takes the initiative.
KEEP THE GUN POINTED IN A SAFE
DIRECTION 100% OF THE TIME WHETHER
YOU ARE SHOOTING UP IN YOUR WORK
TWELVE (12) GUN SAFETY RULE: AREA, LOADING,REALOADING,SHOOTING
1. Treat gun as if they are loaded. CLEAR OR LAYING THE FIREARM DOWN ON
2. Never point the gun to anyone or anything you THE BENCH. When walking with or
don’t intend to shoot. transporting a long gun muzzle is Up or
3. Keep the muzzle of your gun pointed in a safe Down and the firearm is unloaded. If you
direction. are unsure about your range’s rules for
4. Be sure of your backstop transportation, casing/uncasing your
5. Never leave your gun unattended where firearm in respect to muzzle direction, ask.
anyone can pick it up.
6. Unload your gun before cleaning it or checking
for any malfunction.  # 3 Keep your finger off the trigger until
7. Keep your finger off the trigger unless you are your sights are on target and you have
ready to fire. made the decision to shoot.
8. Do not play with your gun, it is absolutely Trigger finger discipline is a learned skill and
forbidden. is vitally important to maintaining the safe
9. Never mix alcohol, drugs and gun powder. condition of the firearm at all times. Your
Always use proper ammunition. “Trigger finger” must become your “Safety
10. Be sure that the barrel of your gun is clear of Finger”. From the moment you make
any obstructions before loading or firing it. physical contact with the firearm your
11. Never shoot at hard, flat surface or at water. finger must be kept straight and rest along
12. When you pick up a gun, immediately check for the side of the frame. Through all
any live ammunition. administrative actions such as, but not
limited to picking up,
loading,reloading,fixing malfunction,
THERE ARE 4 RULES OF GUN SAFETY that must be uploading or resting in various ready
followed 100% of the time. When the rules are positions your finger is in this indexed
followed accidents can be minimized. Being a gun position along the frame. Only when it is
owner or a firer means that you have made a appropriate to shoot, your sight are on
commitment to knowing these rules and living target and you have made the decision to
them. Responsible gun ownership or firearm user shoot that you are able to move your finger
means learning and practicing behaviors that will from its indexed position into the trigger.
help prevent needles injury, death and theft.

 # 4 Be sure of your target and what lies

 # 1 Treat all guns as if they are always beyond it.
loaded. You are responsible for everything which a
An individual who properly inspects and round you shoot comes in contact with. This
shows a gun to be clear before further means another big dose of situational
handling is seen as a responsible and awareness BEFORE you make the decision
knowledgeable participants at the range. to shoot! Consider the height of your target
Take the time to treat every firearm that and the angle at which you will shoot it. If
you come in contract with as though it the round would make an impact through
your intended target. This means never the trigger and feel by spring – loaded
point or fire to anything you can’t clearly magazine w/c contains seven or more.
identify as a target or that would be a  REVOLVER – handgun w/ revolving
danger if your bullet strays, ricochets, or
cylinder attached on its frame, cylinder
over penetrates.
containing fire or more firing chambers
w/c aligns to the bore in every squeeze
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
of the trigger.
Accuracy - ability of a gun shooter to hit
the mark or target aimed with a bullet.

Backstop - something used to stop the

ADVANTAGES OF PISTOL:
flight of the bullet fired at a target.  Potentially more accurate because pistol
fire from a single fixed firing chamber and
BARREL - hollow steel tube through the bore escapes no gases thus it delivers
which bullets are fired. more uniform performance.
 Pistol can be fired faster and easier because
CYLINDER - cylindrical piece of steel the hammer automatically cocks after every
with firing chambers enclosed within its shot.
circumference used in revolvers.  It can be reloaded more quickly because
pistol is being feed by preloaded magazine.
EJECTOR ROD - small steel cylinder  Pistol has greater cartridge capacity w/c
driven by a hammer or striker into the gives more shots before reloading is
primer of a cartridge to begin the necessary.
combustion process.

GRIP - part of a handgun designed to be ADVANTAGES OF REVOLVER:

enclosed by the shooters hand.
 Revolvers does not be came immediately in
operative of a cartridge fails to fire. By
GRIP SAFETY - mechanical safety device
simple cocking the hammer again or
incorporated into the backstrap of an
squeezing the trigger, the cylinder rotates
auto pistol.
and aligns a fresh round into firing position.
 Revolver retains its empty shells for the
HAMMER - spring powered device that
shooter to eject. It at his spare time.
pivot to strike the firing pin after the
 Revolver readiness can be checked quickly
trigger has been pulled.
by just swinging out the cylinder to notice if
the gun is loaded.
SAFETY - mechanical device that
 Maintenance and bullets are cheap.
prevent the accidental firing of a gun.

SIGHT - device use to aimed a firearm.

DISADVANTAGE OF REVOLVER:
SLIDE - the reciprocating housing that  The Cylinder is fixed and is completely
covers the barrel and striker mechanism irremovable, which means you have to load.
in an auto pistol. It entirely by hands.
 Granted, there are speed loaders that can
TRIGGER - exposed part of the firing reload the entire cylinder at once, But even
mechanism pressed by the shooters that is not as fast as a standard box
finger to initiate the firing process. magazine.
 Speaking of magazines, the semi-auto pistol
TOP STRAP - solid top portion of a magazine size can be upgradable, unlike the
revolver frame. revolver which is basically stuck with its
factory capacity.
 That means you can put a 100-round
magazine with your semi-auto pistol if you
TWO CLASSIFICATION OF HANDGUN: wanted too.

 PISTOL – flat sided, self loading

handgun with a reciprocating slide that DISADVANTAGE OF PISTOL:
travels to and pro in every squeeze of
 First, they must be kept meticulously clean. - Correct and firm hold of the grip o a
 For a semi-automatic pistol, the cartridges handgun. Keep the hand as high up on
must have the proper shape for reliable the stock to reduce muzzle rise. If using
feeding. pistol, keep the thumb on top of the
 It must also have enough power in the case safety for best control of the gun.
to fully function the slide without battering a.) ONE – HAND GRIP
and breaking the internal parts.
 Semi-automatics are more liable to join, - hold the weapon in the non-finding
principally because both the loaded round hand; form a V w/ the thumb and
and the “empty” are also moving parts. five finger of the strong hand (firing
 Simplicity, you can never lose your hand). Place the weapon in the V w/
magazine w/a revolver it can always figure the front and rear sights in line with
out how to reload it w/almost no the firing arm. Wrap the lower three
instruction and its easier to operate over a fingers to the rear. Allow the thumb
semi-auto. of the firing hand to rest alongside
the weapon w/out pressure –Grip
the weapon tightly until the hand
begins to tremble; relax until the
REVOLVER
trembling stops. At this point, the
LOADING: necessary pressure for a proper grip
has been applied. Place the trigger
1. Unlatch and swing out the cylinder;
finger on the trigger between the tip
2. Drop-in the loads into the firing chambers; and second point so that it can be
squeezed to the rear. The trigger
UNLOADING:
finger must work independently o
1. Unlatch the swing out the cylinder; the remaining fingers.

2. Point the muzzle of your gun upward;

3. Any load that is not removed may be done by WARNING!
simply stroking and ejector.
- Do not place the non-firing thumb
in the rear of the weapon. The recall
PISTOL upon firing could result in personal
injury.
LOADING:
- finger of the trigger
1. Insert the magazine;
- middle finger contact w/ the
2. Retract the side fully and let it run forward freely
bottom of the trigger guard.
w/its own power;
3. Apply the safety.
b.) TWO – HAND GRIP
- allows the firer to steady the firing
JAM PROBLEM: hand and provide maximum support
during firing
* Push the slide, and if slide can’t moved forward
press release the button then retract the slide. - becomes support mechanism for
the firing hand by wrapping the
fingers of the non-firing hand
UNLOADING: around the firing hand
1. Remove the magazine - are recommended for all pistol
firing.
2. Retract the slide to removed the chambered
bullet

a.a) FIRST GRIP

THE ELEMENTS OF COMBAT: - the weapon w/ the one-hand grip.

Firmly close the fingers of the non-
1. GRIPPING firing hand, ensuring that the index
finger from the non-firing hand is
between the middle finger of the inhales normally, let’s a little out until
firing hand and the trigger guard. comfortable, holds and then fires.
Place the non-firing thumb alongside
the firing thumb.
b.b) PALM-SUPPORTED GRIP 4. TRIGGERS SQUEEZING/ TRIGGER
CONTROL
- this grip is commonly called the
- Trigger squeeze is the independent
cup and soucer grip. Grip the firing
movement of the trigger finger in
hand as w/ the one-hand grip. Place
applying increasing pressure on the
the non-firing hand under the firing
trigger straight to the rear w/out
hand, wrapping the non-firing
disturbing the sight alignment until the
fingers around the back of the firing
weapon fires. The correct trigger control
hand. Place the non firing
is to place in the pad of your index
finger on the trigger then apply a
smooth, continuous pressure until shot
it fires.
2. AIMING
- Is sight alignment and sight placement.
5. POSITION
a.) PISTOL-READY POSITION
- Hold the weapon in the one-hand grip.
SIGHT ALIGNMENT
Hold the upper arm close to the body
- The centering of the front blade in the and the forearm at about 45-degree
rear sight notch. The top of the front angle. Point the weapon toward target
sight is level w/ the top of rear sight and center as you move forward.
is in correct alignment with the eye. For
correct sight alignment, the firer must b.) STANDING POSITION W/OUT SUPPORT
center the front sight in the rear sight. - Face the target. Place feet a
He raises or lowers the top of the front comfortable distance apart, about
sight. So it is level w/ the top of the rear shoulder width. Extend the firing arm
sight. and ___ a two-hand grip. The wrist and
elbow of the firing arm are locked and
pointed toward target center. Keep the
SIGHT PLACEMENT body straight w/ the shoulders slightly
forward of the buttocks.
- The positioning of the weapon’s sights
in relation to the target as seen by the
firer when he aims the weapon. A STANCE – The style of standing for
correct sight picture consists of correct positioning the body to assure a well
sight alignment w/ the front sight balanced ready position.
placed center mass of the target. The
eye can focus on only one object at a
time at different distances. Therefore, 2 STANCES MOST SHOOTERS ADOPT:
the last focus of the eye is always on the
front sight. When the front sight is seen The shooter blades his body, placing the foot on
clearly, the rear sight and target will the firing side back and training the support side
appear hazy. The firer can maintain towards the target. The shooter’s strong or firing
correct sight alignment only through side arms is extended and support arm’s elbow is
focusing on the front sight. bent. This allows the shooter to employ a very
stable push-pull grip. The shooter pushes with his
firing arm and pulls with the support arm to
stabilize the weapon.
3. BREATH CONTROL
- To attain accuracy, the firer must learn
to hold his breath properly at any time
WEAPON STANCES
during the breathing cycle. This must be
done while aiming and squeezing the - stand fairly erect and face the target at
trigger to hold his breath properly, the approximately 45 degree angle.
firer takes a breath, lets it out, then
The shooter faces the target squarely, the feet are  The trigger is pulled and no bang. A hang
set shoulder width (slightly wider)apart. The toes fire is occurs when there is a delay in the
face the target and are aligned. The knees are power being ignited.
flexed at an angle that varies some what and the  Keep the pistol pointed down range for
shooter leans forward from the waist towards the about 30-60 secs to ensure the round will
target. The shooter’s arm are extended and form not go off.
an isosceles triangle, hence. the name. Both arms  Reserve the magazine
are held straight, looking the elbows. Isosceles  Clear the pistol by pulling the slide back.
stance is a simple stance, and is natural to perform  Reinsert the magazine
under stress.  Clamber a new round
2. SQUIB LOAD
ISOSCELES STANCES  This is an extremely deadly malfunction that
can cause serious injury or death to the
- feet are placed at about shoulder-width apart and
shooter.
parallel each other.
 It is caused when a bullet doesn’t leave the
barrel when fired and a second bullet hits te
front bullet causing a bulged/a ripped open
c. KNEELING POSITION
barrel.
- ground only your firing-side knees as the main  If there is the possibility of a squib load, the
support, vertically place your firing side foot, used sound of the round in question would be
as the main support, under your buttocks. Rest quieter than normal.
your body weight on the heel and toes. Rest your  If something doesn’t sound right clear the
non-firing arm just above the elbows on the knee pistol, look the slide back, and check the
not used as the main body support. Use the two- barrel for obstructions.
handed grip for firing. Extend the firing arm and  To check the barrel use a pencil down the
lock the firing arm elbows and waist to ensure solid barrel to feel for any obstructions.
arm control.  If there is obstruction/ a bulged barrel, stop
shooting and take the pistol to a gun smith
for repair.
d. CROUCH POSITION  If the barrel is clear, you should still take the
pistol to a gunsmith for a safety check.
- use the crouch position when surprise targets are
 A squib load can be used which a round has
engaged at close range. Place the body in a forward
a primer, but little or no powder in the case.
crouch (boxer’s stance)with the knees bent slightly
and trunk bent forward from the hips to give faster 2. FAILURE TO FEED
recovery from recoil. Place the feet naturally in a
 Is when a pistol fails to feed the next round
positon that allows another step toward the target.
from the magazine into the chamber.
Exterd the weapon straight toward the target, an
 In this situations, the slide will not be all the
lock the wrist and elbows of the firing arm.
way forward because the round did not
travel all the way that is needed to be
chambered.
6. PRONE POSITION
 To fix the problem, first, remove the
- lie flat on the ground, facing the target. Extend magazine from the pistol. Then remove the
your arms in front with the firing arm locked (Your round from the magazine well if it hasn’t
arms may have to be slightly unlocked for firing at already fallen out.
high targets). Rest the butt of the weapon on the  Put a fresh magazine in the pistol and
ground for single, well-aimed shots. Wrap the chamber the round
fingers of the non-firing hand around the fingers of
the firing hand. Face forward keep your head down
between your arms and behind the weapon as 4. STOVEPIPE
much as possible.
 Happens when a spent casing fails to eject
properly.
 This causes the spent casing to get trapped
4 TYPES OF PISTOL MALFUNCTIONS AND upright in the ejection port.
HOW TO CLEARLY IT PROPERLY:  The stovepipe is caused by not holding the
1. THE HANG FIRE pistol correctly.
 To clear the pistol remove the magazine.
 Lack the slide to the rear to remove the
spent casing.
 Put a fresh magazine in the pistol and
chamber the round.

BASIC PARAPHERNALIA TO BRING DURING

FIRING:
 For Personal Safety:
- Eye protector (sunglass)
- Ear protector
 Bottled water
 Miscellaneous

CLASSIFICATION OF SHOOTER:
 Expert - specialist
 Sharpshooter - propicient
 Marksman - skilled
 Tyro/no voice - beginner