MARKING GUIDE OF PHYSICS I ,2023-2024

SECTION A
1. a) … Magnetic pole ………is a region at each end of a magnet where the magnetic
field is strongest.
b) Area around a magnet in which it can exert a magnetic force is called.......
Magnetic field.........
c) At around 80°C, a magnet will become. Demagnetized....

2) a) The communication channel refers to:

i)message being transmitted.
ii) the physical location where communication takes place.
iii) the medium through which the message is transmitted
iv) the person initiating the communication.
b) Which of the following cables transmits signals in the form of light?
i) Co-axial cable
ii) Fiber optical cable
iii) Wire pair cable
iv) Twisted pair cable
c) The following figure 1 represents an amplifier circuit.

The electronic components shown on the figure 1 are:

i) resistor, inductor, transistor
ii) resistor, capacitor, ordinary diode
iii) resistor, capacitor, transistor
iv) resistor, transistor, zener diode.

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d) Which of the electronic components below is a semiconductor device?
i) Connecting wire
ii) Inductor
iii) Capacitor
iv) ordinary diode

3) a) Which of the following is a fixed point around which a lever rotates or

pivots?
i) Effort
ii) Load
iii) Fulcrum
iv) Pulley
b) Mechanical advantage of a simple machine is .........
i) effort / load
iii) load + effort
ii) load / effort
iv) load – effort
c) The velocity ratio of a simple machine is the ratio of distance travelled by
the.......to the distance travelled by the..... in the simple machine.
i) load; load
ii) effort; load
iii) load; effort
iv)effort; effort
d) All vehicles move with the help of the simple machine called...
i) wheel and axle
ii) inclined plane
iii)wedge
iv) screw
4) a) The pressure exerted by a static liquid increases linearly with increasing depth.
/True

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b) Ice floats on water because ice has less density than water. /True
c) A force acting on a larger surface area of an object exerts a larger /False
pressure.
d) Relative density of a substance is the ratio of density of water to density of the
substance /False
5. a) A car parked at the top of a hill possesses potential energy. /True
b) A ball dropped from a height h towards the Earth surface is an example of
kinetic energy being converted into potential energy. /False
c) Geothermal energy is heat produced by burning natural gas. /False
6) a)

A B
i) Positive Positive
ii) Positive Negative
iii) Negative Negative
iv) Negative Positive
b) The amount of force exerted on a unit positive charge in an electric field
is known as
i) electric potential
iii) electric field intensity
ii) electric flux
iv) electric current

c) What is the magnitude of electric potential V at a distance d away from an electric

charge Q?

Answer i)
d) Which of the following is an application of Electrostatics?
i) Electric motor
ii) Electric generator

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iii) paint spraying
iv) Electromagnet
7)

Physical Dimensional
quantities formula

a) Speed ii)[LT-1]
b)density iii) [ML-3]
c) iv) [LT-2]
acceleration
d) energy i)[ML2T-2]

8)

Renewable energy Non-renewable energy sources

sources
Renewable energy Non-renewable energy sources
sources cannot can depleted over time
depleted over time
Renewable energy Non-renewable energy sources
sources can naturally cannot naturally replenish
replenished themselves
themselves
Most renewable energy Non-renewable energy sources
sources have lower have a comparative higher
green gases emission green gases emission
Renewable resources Non-renewable energy
are environmental resources cannot
friendly (no pollution) environmental friendly
(pollution)
Renewable energy Lower area is required for non-
sources required a renewable energy sources
large land for
installation
Examples of renewable Examples of non-renewable
energy are energy sources are
wind,sun,hydroelectric coal,petroleum,natural gas

b)
(i)renewable energy source.
Examples of renewable energy are wind, solar energy (sun), hydroelectric
(ii)non-renewable energy source.
Examples of non-renewable energy sources are coal, petroleum, natural gas

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9) a) an example of instantaneous velocity is
(C) At t=1s, a runner is moving at 4 m/s west

b) statement (C): "At t = 1s, a runner is moving at 4 m/s west." This statement
specifies the runner's velocity at the exact time of t=1second, giving both the
magnitude (4 m/s) and direction (west).
10)

a)-Copper loss: due to electrical resistance of copper so amount of electric energy is

converted into heat energy
- Eddy current losses: Induced eddy currents in the transformer core create
additional power losses.
- Leakage flux losses: Some of the magnetic flux "leaks" from the transformer
core instead of linking both the primary and secondary windings, resulting in
power losses.
b)
-Reduced Resistance
According to Ohm's law, the resistance of a conductor is inversely
proportional to its cross-sectional. Thicker wires have a larger cross-
sectional area, resulting in lower resistance.
𝑳
𝑹 = 𝝆𝑨 ρ Is resistivity of the material L is the length of the conductor

-Lower Power Loss: The power loss due to resistance in a wire is given
(P = I2 R) With lower resistance, the power loss is minimized.
-Higher Efficiency: Lower resistance means less energy is lost as heat,
resulting in more efficient transmission.
- Durability and Strength: Thicker wires are mechanically stronger
and more durable than thin wires
c) step-Down Transformers
Function: Step-down transformers reduce the high voltage from power
transmission lines to a lower voltage suitable for use in homes and businesses
d) electricity is very important at home because people use electricity for

 Lighting
 Heating and Cooling
 facilitate internet access

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 watching television
 listening radios
 using computer, smartphone,
 Cleaning and drying clothes
 Using medical equipment such as CT SCANNER, MRI etc
 home security systems
 in education to Access online learning platforms, digital resources
 Kitchen Appliances: Electric stoves, microwaves, refrigerators…

11) a)i)the brick does not move rightwards.

The pushing force applied to the brick is insufficient to overcome the static
friction force between the brick and the table.

ii) the weight of the brick does not make it move downwards.
The weight of the brick is balanced by the normal force exerted by the table.
According to Newton's third law, the table exerts an equal and opposite force to
the weight of the brick, resulting in no net force in the vertical direction.

b) (i)Does the linear momentum P of the brick increase or decrease with

time or remain constant?
The linear momentum P of the brick increases with time. Linear momentum P is
given by P=mv, where m is the mass of the brick and v is its velocity. Since the
resultant force F is acting on the brick and causing it to accelerate, the
velocity of the brick increases with time. As a result, its momentum also
increases

ii)Write down one thing that the sliding brick will do to the unsmooth and
horizontal surface of the table.
The sliding brick will create friction with the unsmooth and horizontal surface
of the table, which can cause the table surface to become scratched

12) a) the formulae to be used is

v2=u2+2ad

here:

 v is the final velocity (15 m/s),

 u is the initial velocity (10 m/s),
 a is the acceleration (which we need to find),
 d is the distance (125 m).

𝑽𝟐 − 𝒖 𝟐
𝒂=
𝟐𝒅

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𝟏𝟓𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝟐
𝒂= = 𝟎. 𝟓𝒎/𝒔𝟐
(𝟏𝟐𝟓)

The correct option is iii)

b) the formula to be used is v=u + at

v is the final velocity (15 m/s),

u is the initial velocity (10 m/s),
a is the acceleration (0.5 m/s²,

t is the time (which we need to find).

𝒗 − 𝒖 𝟏𝟓 − 𝟏𝟎
𝒕= = = 𝟏𝟎𝒔
𝒂 𝟎. 𝟓

The correct option is iv)

13) a) To convert energy from joules to kilowatt-hours:

a) Convert electric energy E=2.88×104J to kWh

1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) is equal to 3.6×106 joules (J).

To convert energy from joules to kilowatt-hours:

𝑬𝑱 𝟐. 𝟖𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝑱
𝑬𝑲𝒘𝒉 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝑲𝒘𝒉
𝟑. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝑱 𝟑. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝑱/𝑲𝒘𝒉

b) The formula for power P when energy E is known is:

𝑬
𝑷=
𝒕

where:

 E=2.88×104J
 t is the time in seconds.

Convert 10 minutes to seconds:

t=10×60=600 seconds

𝑬 𝟐. 𝟖𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝑱
𝑷= = = 𝟒𝟖𝑾
𝒕 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒔

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Now, use the power formula P=IV to find the voltage V, where I is the current (4
A):

𝑷 𝟒𝟖𝑾
𝑽= = = 𝟏𝟐𝑽
𝑰 𝟒𝑨
𝟏
14) a)The formula 𝒁 = 𝟐𝝅𝒇𝑪 shows that impedance Z is inversely proportional to
the frequency f. Therefore, when f increases, the denominator in the formula
becomes larger, resulting in a smaller impedance.

b) The RMS (Root Mean Square) current Irms can be determined using Ohm's law
for AC circuits:

𝒗𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒗𝒓𝒎𝒔
𝑰𝒓𝒎𝒔 = = 𝟏 = 𝒗𝒓𝒎𝒔 . 𝟐𝝅𝒇𝑪
𝒁
𝟐𝝅𝒇𝑪

where:

 Vrms is the RMS voltage of the AC source,

 Z is the impedance of the circuit.

Effect of Increasing Frequency:

 RMS Current Increases: As the impedance Z decreases with

increasing frequency, the RMS current Irms increases because the
current is inversely related to the impedance

15) What would happen to Earth without the hydrosphere? Limit your answer
to 10 lines maximum.
The hydrosphere is the collective term for all the water found on, under, and
over the surface of the Earth. It includes: oceans, Lakes and Rivers etc.

Without the hydrosphere, Earth would face severe consequences:

1. Climate Extremes: Lack of water bodies would lead to extreme

temperature variations between day and night, as water moderate’s
temperature fluctuations.
2. Loss of Weather Systems: The absence of oceans and lakes would
disrupt weather patterns and prevent cloud formation, leading to the
loss of precipitation and altered atmospheric circulation.

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3. No Water Cycle: The water cycle would cease, leading to a lack of
fresh water replenishment and an inability to sustain ecosystems.
4. Biodiversity Loss: Aquatic habitats would disappear, causing
extinction of countless species and collapsing aquatic food chains.
5. Soil Degradation: Without rainfall or irrigation, soil would erode,
making agriculture and plant life unsustainable.

6. Impact on Human Life: Drinking water shortages and the loss of

agricultural productivity would threaten human survival

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