Grade 8 Math Module 2 Mathematics Learning Material
Grade 8 Math Module 2 Mathematics Learning Material
8
Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Problem Solving Involving
Factors of Polynomials
Mathematics – Grade 8
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Problem Solving Involving Factors of Polynomials
First Edition, 2020
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Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Problem Solving Involving
Factors of Polynomials
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the problem solving involving factors of polynomials. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
What I Know
Let us check your prior knowledge about problem solving involving factors of
polynomials by answering the questions below.
1. Which of the following strategies will help you solve word problems?
a. Draw an illustration
b. Make a table
c. Solve algebraically
d. All of the above
a.
b.
c.
d.
𝑥+3
𝑥+2
b.
𝑥+1
𝑥+2
c.
x+3
x+1
d.
𝑥+1
𝑥+1
Betty is twice as old as Lala. Three years ago, the product of their
ages is four more than twice the age of Lala now. How old are they?
12. Three years ago, what was the product of their ages?
a. 10
b. 12
c. 14
d. 16
13. William needs to ride a bicycle in order to reach the school. The distance
he needs to travel is (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10) km and the time taken by the bike to
covered the distance is (𝑥 − 2) h, for him not to be late. Find the speed of
the bike in km/h?
a. 2𝑥 − 5
b. 𝑥 − 5
c. 𝑥 + 5
d. 2𝑥 + 5
a. 10 m
𝑥m
b. 10 m
𝑥m
c. 𝑥m
10 m
d. 𝑥m
10 m
Nice try! You are now ready for the next set of activities.
Lesson
Problem Solving Involving
1 Factors of Polynomials
This new lesson will help you relate factors of polynomials into real-life
applications focusing on the different ways of solving word problems involving
number relations, age, distance, and areas of polygons such as rectangles and
squares.
What’s In
A B.
_____ 1. 2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 a. (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4)
_____ 2. 𝑥 2 − 16 b. (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 4)
_____ 4. 𝑥 3 + 64 d. 2𝑥(𝑥 + 4)
f. (𝑥 − 4)(2𝑥 − 3)
Thumbs up for you still be able to recall what you have learned in your
previous lesson! You are now ready to discover more about factoring polynomials.
What’s New
Directions: Create a desired geometric figure of the given area and find the measures
of its sides. Prepare the algebra tiles with the following dimensions. Item
number 1 is done for you as an example.
x2 x
1
𝑥+1
𝑥+1
Probing Questions:
Direction: Based on the Activity 3, answer the following questions. Write your
answer on the space provided below each number.
1. How did you find the dimensions of square and rectangle using algebra tiles?
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Do you have other ways in finding the measure of the sides without using algebra
tiles?
_________________________________________________________________________________
What is It
Example 1
width
x
𝑥+1
B. Strategy: Factoring
Step 1: Write the formula of area of a rectangle and substitute the given.
Area = (length)(width)
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 = (𝑥 + 3) (_______)
Step 2: Factor the area or trinomial to get the measure of the other side.
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 = (𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 + 1)
1. Lala has a square shaped picture frame measuring (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4) 𝑖𝑛2 . Find its
side.
Example 2
𝑥 in
10 in
(10 + 𝑥) in
𝑥 in
Strategy: Factoring
Example 3
3. A balloon flies at a speed of (𝑥 − 1) per hour. At this rate, how long will it take
to fly (𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 10) miles? Note: distance = rate x time
Example 4
Euhan and Eulah want to know the numbers. The square of
a number decreased by 20 is equal to 44.
D. Strategy: Representation
Step 1: Make a representation.
Let 𝑥 = the number
𝑥 2 = the square of the number
𝑥 2 − 64 = 0
(𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 − 8) = 0 (Factor difference of 2 squares)
𝑥 + 8 = 0 = 0, 𝑥 − 8 = 0
𝑥 = −8, 𝑥=8
The numbers are -8 and 8.
Steps
1. Know Given:
Determine what is Mina is twice as old as Jess
asked.
Twenty years ago, the product of their ages is 9 more
Formula of concept
than thrice the age of Jess now
needed to solve the
problem
Representation:
Let 𝑥 = age of Jess at present
2𝑥 = age of Mina at present
1. Plan
Represent the x − 20 = age of Jess 20 years ago
unknown using
variables and 2x – 20 = age of Mina 20 years ago
translate
statements into
Table of ages:
symbols Present Age Age 20 years ago
Jess 𝑥 x − 20
Mina 2𝑥 2x – 20
Twenty years ago, the product of their ages is 9 more than
(x – 20) (2x – 20) =
thrice the age of Jess now.
3x + 9
2. Solve
Solve for (𝑥 – 20) (2𝑥 – 20) = 3𝑥 + 9
unknown 2𝑥 2
– 20𝑥 – 40𝑥 + 400 = 3𝑥 + 9
2𝑥 2 – 60𝑥 + 400 = 3𝑥 + 9
2
2𝑥 – 60𝑥 + (−3𝑥) + 400 + (−9) = 3𝑥 + (−3𝑥) + 9 + (−9) (APE)
2𝑥 2 – 63𝑥 + 391 = 0
(𝑥 − 23) (2𝑥 − 17) = 0 (Factor trinomial)
𝑥 − 23 = 0, 2𝑥 − 17 = 0
17
𝑥 = 23, 𝑥=
2
(rejected)
Therefore,
𝑥 = 23 age of Jess at present
2𝑥 = 2(23) = 46 age of Jess at present
3. Check (𝑥 – 20) (2𝑥 – 20) = 3𝑥 + 9
Verify if the 23 – 20) [2(23) – 20] = 3(23) + 9
answer satisfies (3) (46 – 20) = 69 + 9
all conditions in (3) (26) = 78
the problem 78 = 78
5. Lowel is 1 year older than Euhan. Two years ago, the product of their ages is 2
more than 5 times the age of Euhan. How old are they now?
What’s More
Now that you have learned how to solve problems involving factors of
polynomials, let us apply these skills in real-life situation.
Solution:
How Wide?
Direction: To sum up what you have learned from the lesson, complete the charts
below.
Chart 2
Strategies/Methods in Solving Word Problems
Involving Factoring
What I Can Do
Now, it’s time for you to apply what you have learned from our lesson related
to factors of polynomials. Are you now ready? Then, let’s begin!
Criteria 5 3 1
The computations
The computations The computations
done are
done are accurate done are accurate
erroneous and do
Accuracy of and show and show some
not show wise
Computation understanding of use of the
use of the
the concepts of concepts of
concepts of
factoring. factoring.
factoring.
Presented Presented
Presentation of
Presented correct incorrect incorrect
Poster
poster dimensions dimension (any of dimension (both of
Dimensions
the dimensions) the dimensions)
Design is limited
and shows
Design is complex,
repetition of single
Creativity and detailed and
ideas. Few No design at all
Design shows imagination
concepts and
and creativity
solutions are
included.
Assessment
Let us check how far have you learned from the very start of our lesson.
2. What is the length of the rectangular urban garden if x represents the width?
a. (2𝑥 − 5) m
b. (2𝑥 + 5) m
c. (5𝑥 + 2) m
d. (5𝑥 − 2) m
a.
b.
c.
d.
a. 5 ft
𝑥 ft
5 ft
b.
𝑥 ft
c. 𝑥 ft
5 ft
d. 𝑥 ft
5 ft
8. Joward and Ruby would like to spend their summer vacation in Samal Island
but, they need to travel the (𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 16) kilometers distance from Davao
wharf to the island using a boat. What would be the speed in kph of the boat
in order for them to reach their destination for (𝑥 +2) hours?
a. (𝑥 + 4)
b. (𝑥 + 8)
c. (𝑥 + 9)
d. (𝑥 + 12)
Gina is 4 years older than Joshua. Two years ago, the product of
their ages is thrice the age of Joshua now. How old are they?
12. Three years ago what was the product of their ages?
a. 10
b. 12
c. 14
d. 16
A rectangle has a length that is 3 feet longer that its width. The area of
the rectangle is 54 sq. ft. What is the measure of the width?
14. Which of the following is the correct mathematical statement of the problem?
a. (𝑥)(𝑥 − 3) = 54
b. (𝑥)(3 − 𝑥) = 54
c. (𝑥)(𝑥 + 3) = 54
d. (𝑥)(3𝑥 + 1) = 54
Congratulations! You are now finally done with your assessment. Now, do
the activity as your assignment.
Additional Activities
Score Descriptors
10 Formulates a clear and real-life problem based on learner’s
experiences and finishes all significant parts of the solutions and
communicates ideas clearly.
8 Formulates a clear and real-life problem based on learner’s
experiences and finishes 80% of the significant parts of the solutions
and communicates ideas clearly.
6 Formulates a clear and real-life problem based on learner’s
experiences and finishes 60% of the significant parts of the solutions
and communicates ideas clearly.
4 Formulates real-life problem based on learner’s experiences but
finishes 40% of the significant parts of the solutions and not being
able to communicate clearly.
2 Formulates real-life problem based on learner’s experiences but
finishes incorrect solutions and not being able to communicate
clearly.
1. 𝑥 + 2
5. b 13. c 5. f
2. 𝑥 − 3
6. c 14. c
3. 4𝑥
7. b 15. c
4. 3𝑥 − 2
8. c
5. (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 4) =
12
What is It What’s More Assessment
1. The length is 8 m 1. d 9. b
and width is 5 m. 2. b 10. a
3. d 11. b
1. (𝑥 + 2) in
4. a 12. b
2. Area: 𝑥 2 − 49 𝑚2
5. d 13. c
Sides: (𝑥 + 7) m
6. d 14. c
and (𝑥 − 7) m
4. 4 and -4
7. d 15. b
3. (𝑥 + 10) hours
5. Euhan’s age is 8
and Lowell’s age 8. b
is 9.
Answer Key
lOMoARcPSD|27734992
lOMoARcPSD|27734992
References
Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module p. 51 – 54