BRIDGE - COURSE - Class - XII - Economics 24-25
BRIDGE - COURSE - Class - XII - Economics 24-25
SANGATHAN
(MUMBAI REGION)
BRIDGE COURSE
(21 Days)
For Class 12th
SUBJECT: ECONOMICS
(For Commerce & Humanities)
Various efforts have been made by the teachers in the last two academic
year to impart education to the students through online mode. Accordingly, the
Bridge Course has been preparedwith the dual objective of reviewing the studies
done by the students in the previousacademic year and helping them to learn the
curriculum of the present class in thisacademic year.
1. The bridge course to lasts for a total of 21 days and consists of three
tests after a certain period of time.
2. Thebridgecourseisbasedonthesyllabusofpreviousclassandisalinkbetweent
hesyllabiof previousandthecurrentclass.
3. Thisbridgecoursehas to be prepared
classwiseandsubjectwise.Itisrelatedtothelearning outcomes and basic
competencies of the previous class’ textbook and isbased
onitscomponents.
4. The bridge course includes component and sub-component wise
worksheets.
Theseworksheetsaregenerallybasedonlearningoutcomesandbasiccompete
ncies.
5. Thestructureoftheworksheetisgenerallyasfollows.
Part One - Learning Outcomes/Competency Statements.
PartTwo-Instructionsforteachers
PartThree-Instructionsfor Students
PartFour-LearningActivity
Part Five - Solved Activity
Part Six–Practice
Part Seven - Extension Activity/Parallel Activity/Reinforcement
PartEight–Evaluation
6. This bridge course will be very important from the point of view to revise
and reinforce the learning of the students from the previous class and pave
the way tomake theirlearning happen in the next class.
7. Teachers should help their children to complete this bridge course as per day
wise plan.
8. Teachers should pay attention to the fact that the student will solve each
worksheet on his/her own, help them wherever necessary.
9. The teacher should conduct the tests of the students after the stipulated time
period, assess the test papers and keep a record of the same.
10. Having checked the test papers, teachers should provide additional
supplementary help to the students who are lagged behind.
BRIDGE COURSE FOR CLASS XII
Subject: Economics
The module will be prepared by taking into consideration the following parameters:
1) Identification of learning gaps – Student’s point of view
2) Identification of learning outcomes – Teacher’s point of view
3) Module will be prepared concept wise/skill wise/competency wise.
4) Core concepts from syllabus of previous class of each chapter will be taken and
linked with the present class.
5) The module will be prepared for 3 weeks duration.
6) After every week one test will be taken to analyses the progress of the students.
7) Day to day worksheets can be prepared by the subject teachers and to get it solved.
8) Example of day to day work to be done by the teacher is given below:
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
MUMBAI REGION
BRIDGE COURSE
FOR CLASS: XII
SUB: ECONOMICS
(ON THE BASIS OF SYLLABUS OF
ECONOMICS OF CLASS XI)
DAY - 1
Teacher’s Activities:
• Teacher must explain the meaning of economics with the help of picture / video / chart
etc.
• Teacher must ask the students to identify different things which are scarce.
• Enlisting different things needed by the people.
• Teacher will explain different central problems of an economy.
• Teacher will ask the students the features resources and its availability with the different
people.
Students’ Activities:
• Students will tell the different things needed for living.
• Students will tell the different features of resources and its availability.
• Students will tell the different problems faced by the economies.
Assessment:
1. Make a list of different thing needed for life.
2. What do you mean by scarcity?
3. Write some examples of the resources which are scarce.
4. Who have to face the central problems of an economy?
DAY - 2
Learning Outcomes:
• To know the production possibility.
• To ascertain the importance of production possibility curve.
Teacher’s Activities:
Students’ Activities:
• Students will give the examples of different can be produced with given resources.
• Students will tell why the shape of PPC is concave.
• Students will tell the reasons behind the concave shape of PPC.
• Students will write the features of PPC.
Assessment:
1. Meaning of PPC.
2. How is the PPC important to the Producers?
3. What is the features of PPC?
4. Explain when PPC can be shifted towards right or left.
5. Giving some examples which will or will not affect PPC.
DAY - 3
Learning Outcomes:
• To know the meaning utility.
• To know the importance of utility.
• To know the essentials of utility in consumer’s behaviour.
Teacher’s Activities:
• Teacher must ask the students different examples of goods which have utility.
• Teacher will explain the meaning of types of utility with numerical example.
• Teacher will the law of diminishing marginal utility.
Students’ Activities:
Assessment:
TOPIC: Demand
SUB TOPIC: Concept of demand
Learning Outcomes:
• To know about the demand.
• To know the importance of law of demand.
• To know the meaning individual demand and market demand.
Teacher’s Activities:
Students’ Activities:
• Students will tell what the demand is.
• Students will tell the meaning demand, individual demand and market demand.
• Students will draw the diagram showing law of demand.
• Students will complete the table deriving market demand from individual demands.
Assessment:
1. Give the meaning of demand?
2. Explain the law of demand with the help of a schedule and diagram.
3. How market demand curve is derived from individual demand curves?
4. Why demand curve is negatively sloped?
DAY - 5
TOPIC: Demand
SUB TOPIC: Elasticity of demand
Learning Outcomes:
• To know about the concept of elasticity of demand.
• To know degrees of elasticity of demand.
• To understand the importance of elasticity of demand in general life.
Teacher’s Activities:
• Teacher will explain the meaning of elasticity of demand.
• Teacher will explain the different degrees of elasticity of demand.
• Teacher will explain the basis of different degrees of elasticity of demand.
• Teacher will explain how the elasticity of demand calculated numerically is.
• Teacher will ask the students which social groups of the people have the elasticity
different for a particular commodity.
Students’ Activities:
Assessment:
Learning Outcomes:
• To know about the production function.
• To know the types of product.
• To understand the meaning of short run production function.
Teacher’s Activities:
• Teacher will explain the meaning of production function to the students.
• Teacher will explain the meaning of total product, average product and marginal product.
• Explaining the concepts of product with the table.
• Teacher will explain the concept of short run production function and law of variable
proportions.
Students’ Activities:
Assessment:
1. What do you mean by production?
2. Explain the concepts of total, average and marginal product with the help of a schedule
and diagram.
3. What are the factors in short run production function? Explain it.
4. Explain the law of variable proportions.
The test must be conducted at the end of Day-6 on the basis of syllabus
taught from Day-1 to Day-6.
DAY - 7
TOPIC:Cost
SUB TOPIC: Types of Cost
Learning Outcomes:
• To know what is cost.
• To know the different types of costs.
• To understand the concepts of costs in production process.
Teacher’s Activities:
• Teacher will ask the students the pre-knowledge of cost.
• Teacher will explain the meaning of different types of costs.
• The teacher will ask the students to draw the diagrams of different costs.
• Teacher will explain the relationship between different costs with the help of diagrams.
Students’ Activities:
Assessment:
TOPIC: Revenue
SUB TOPIC: Types of Revenue
Learning Outcomes:
• To understand the concepts of revenue.
• To know the importance of revenue in production process.
• To know the role of types of revenue for a producer.
Teacher’s Activities:
Students’ Activities:
Assessment:
Learning Outcomes:
• To know the meaning of producer’s equilibrium.
• To know the condition of producer’s equilibrium under perfect competition.
• To understand the importance of Producer’s equilibrium to the producers.
Teacher’s Activities:
• The teacher will ask the students what is equilibrium as per pre-knowledge.
• The teacher will explain the meaning of producer’s equilibrium under perfect
competition with MR and MC approach.
• With the help of a schedule and diagram drawing on the board, the teacher will
explain the concept of producer’s equilibrium.
Students’ Activities:
Assessment:
Students’ Activities:
• Students will tell the meaning of supply as per pre-knowledge.
• Students will make the notes given by the teacher.
• Students will draw the diagram showing law of supply on the basis of given supply
schedule by the teacher.
• Students will explain how different factors affect supply.
Assessment:
1. What is meant by supply?
2. Differentiate between individual supply and market supply.
3. Explain the law of supply with a schedule and diagram.
4. Explain the factors affecting individual supply.
DAY - 11
TOPIC: Forms of Market
SUB TOPIC: Perfect Competition
Learning Outcomes:
• To know the meaning market.
• To know which form of market is known as perfect competition.
• To understand the pricing policy in perfect competition market.
Teacher’s Activities:
• The teacher will ask the students to tell the meaning of market.
• Teacher will explain the meaning of perfect competition and its features.
• The teacher will explain how the price is determined under perfect competition.
Students’ Activities:
Assessment:
1. What do you mean by market?
2. Which form of market is known as perfect competition?
3. Explain the features of perfect competition.
4. Draw the diagram showing price determination under perfect competition.
DAY - 12
TOPIC: Simple applications of tools of demand and supply.
SUB TOPIC: Price Floor and Price Ceiling
Learning Outcomes:
• To know the meaning of price floor and price ceiling.
• To understand the importance of price floor and price ceiling.
• To know how the welfare of the people is ascertained with the price floor and price
ceiling.
Teacher’s Activities:
• The teacher will ask the students the pre-knowledge of price floor and price ceiling.
• Teacher will explain the terms of price floor and price ceiling and will make them to
note down.
• The teacher will draw the diagram and explain the concepts of price floor and price
ceiling.
• Teacher will explain the importance of price floor and price ceiling in social welfare.
Students’ Activities:
• As asked by the teacher students will try to tell the pre-knowledge of price floor and
price ceiling.
• Students will note the terms in their note book.
• Students will draw the diagram showing price floor and price ceiling.
Assessment:
1. What do you mean by price floor and price ceiling?
2. Explain the concepts of price floor and price ceiling with the help of a diagram.
3. Which section of society benefited by price floor and price ceiling? Explain how?
4. Who decides the price as price floor and price ceiling?
The test must be conducted at the end of Day-12 on the basis of syllabus
taught from Day-7 to Day-12.
DAY - 13
Learning Outcomes:
• To know the meaning of statistics.
• To understand characteristics of statistics.
• To know the limitations of statistics.
Teacher’s Activities:
• The teacher will explain the meaning of statistics.
• Teacher will explain the definitions of statistics.
• Teacher will explain the characteristics of statistics
• Teacher will explain the limitations of statistics
Students’ Activities:
• Students will explain the meaning of statistics with examples.
• The students will note down the characteristics of statistics.
• The students will note down the limitations of statistics.
Assessment:
Learning Outcomes:
• To know different methods of collection of data.
• To understand the importance of methods of collection of data.
• To understand to apply a particular method to collect data.
Teacher’s Activities:
Students’ Activities:
Assessment:
Learning Outcomes:
• To know the meaning of classification of data.
• To understand the different concepts in organization of data.
• To know how to organize data after collection of data.
Teacher’s Activities:
• By giving examples the teacher will explain the concepts of classification of data.
• Teacher will explain the meaning of variables and attributes.
• The teacher will explain the types of series in organization of data.
• Teacher will explain how other types of continuous series in to exclusive series.
Students’ Activities:
• Students will give the examples of classification of data.
• The students will explain the meaning of variables and attributes and will note down.
• The students will make notes on different series in notebook as taught by the teacher.
• The students will explain how a series will be converted in to exclusive series.
Assessment:
Learning Outcomes:
• To know the types of presentation of data.
• To understand the importance of presentation of data.
• To understand the need for a particular type of presentation of data in the study of a
particular set of data.
Teacher’s Activities:
• On the basis of pre-knowledge of the students, they will be asked tell the methods of
presentation of data.
• Teacher will explain with the examples different types of presentation of data.
• The teacher will explain the types of presentation with drawing different types of
diagrams and graphs to present the data.
Students’ Activities:
• On the basis of pre-knowledge of the students, they will tell the methods of presentation
of data.
• The students will explain the importance of presentation of data.
• The students will draw the diagrams to present the data differently.
Assessment:
1. What do you mean by presentation of data? Explain.
2. What is the importance of presentation of data?
3. What are different types of diagrammatic presentation of data?
4. What is histogram? How is it different from bar diagram?
DAY - 17
TOPIC: Index Numbers
SUB TOPIC: Types of Index Numbers
Learning Outcomes:
• To know the features of Index numbers.
• To understand the problems in construction of index numbers.
• To understand the importance of index numbers.
Teacher’s Activities:
• The teacher will tell the meaning of index numbers.
• The teacher will explain features of index numbers.
• The teacher will explain the problems in construction of index number.
• The teacher will explain how to construct CPI, WPI and IIP with numerical examples.
Students’ Activities:
• The students will tell the meaning of index number.
• The students will note down the features of index numbers.
• On the basis of discussion students will solve the numerical questions to calculate
different index numbers.
• The students will explain the importance of index number.
Assessment:
1. What do you mean by index number?
2. Mention the features of index numbers?
3. What are the problems faced under construction of index numbers?
4. Giving some numerical questions to calculate different index numbers.
DAY - 18
TOPIC: Correlation
SUB TOPIC: Correlation
Learning Outcomes:
• To know about the correlation.
• To understand the study of correlation.
• To apply the knowledge of correlation in decision making.
Teacher’s Activities:
• The teacher will tell the meaning of correlation.
• Teacher will ask the students some life related examples of correlation.
• The teacher will explain the importance of studying correlation.
• Teacher will explain different method of calculation of correlation (Karl Pearson’s
method and Charls Spearman’s method).
Students’ Activities:
• Students will tell some examples of correlation related to their life.
• The students will try to tell the importance of correlation in life.
• The students will solve numerical examples to find out correlation between two variables.
Assessment:
1. Why is meant by correlation?
2. How is correlation ascertained with the scatter diagram? Explain.
3. Explain the importance of correlation in decision making.
4. Which method is applied to find out correlation when the data is qualitative? Explain.
5. Some numerical questions to be given to find out correlation.
The test must be conducted at the end of Day-18 on the basis of syllabus
taught from Day-13 to Day-18.
As Per Revised
CBSE Curriculum
2024-25
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