EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS

Name of the Program: Bachelor of Arts/ Science/ Commerce/ Business Administration/

Social
Works; Bachelor of Arts/ Science/ Commerce/ Business Administration/ Social Works
(Hons. With or without Research), and Bachelor of Performing Arts, Bachelor of Visual
Arts, and Bachelor of Hotel/Hospitality Management

Name of the Course: Employability Skills

Pedagogy: Classroom lectures, Activities based learning, Practice Questions, Tutorial

Classes, Group discussions, Mock Tests, etc,
Course Outcomes: On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
a) Develop systematic problem-solving abilities.
b) Enhance verbal and non-verbal reasoning skills.
c) Improve numerical and analytical abilities.
d) Enhance English language and communication skills.
Syllabus:
Quantitative Aptitude – 1

Overview of Competitive exams in India, Series, Number System, LCM and HCF, Squares and
Square roots, Cube and Cube Roots, Surds and Indices, Clocks and Calendar, Algebra, Percentage,
Profit and Loss, Interest: simple and Compound interest

Quantitative Aptitude – 2

Ratio and Proportion and Partnership, Time and Work, Pipes and Cisterns, Speed, Time, and
Distance, Trains, Boats and Streams, Permutation and Combination, Probability
Logic Reasoning
Verbal Reasoning: Data analysis, Data sufficiency, Decision making, coding & decoding,
Blood relations, Puzzle tests, Direction sense test, Problems based on Venn
Diagram/Syllogisms, Alphabet test, Arithmetical reasoning, Input/Output, Series and Seating
arrangements.

Non-Verbal Reasoning: Analogy, Water images, mirror images, embedded figures,

Completion of Pattern, Paper folding, Cubes & dice, Figure Formation & Analysis.
Analytical Ability
English Grammar, Verbal ability, Sentence, Spot the error, fill in the blanks, Passages,
Statement and Assumptions, Critical Reasoning, Comprehension, Data Interpretation
Skill Development Activities:

Various activity-based learning methods such as problem-solving exercises, case studies, role-
playing, debates, group discussions, mock tests, and assessments can be conducted, in addition
to any other relevant activities for the course to ensure effective learning.
References:
1. https://free.aicte-india.org/Quantitative-Aptitude-Basics.php
2. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc20_hs19/preview
3. https://www.udemy.com/course/reasoning-verbal-non-verbal/
Note: Latest editions of books such as Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examinations,
Modern

Module 1: Quantitative Aptitude-I

Overview of Competitive exams in India, Series, Number System, LCM and HCF, Squares and
Square roots, Cube and Cube Roots, Surds and Indices, Clocks and Calendar, Algebra,
Percentage, Profit and Loss, Interest: simple and Compound interest

A. Series
• Complete the series
1. 4,6,9,13,…..
a. 17
b. 18
c. 19
d. 20
2. 64,32,16,8, ?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 4
3. 4,9,16,25,?
a. 32
b. 42
c. 55
d. 36
4. 2,6,12,20,30,42,56,?
a. 60
b. 64
c. 70
d. 72

5. 79,87,?,89,83
a. 80
b. 81
c. 82
d. 88
6. G,H,J,M,?
a. R
b. S
c. Q
d. P
7. BF,CH,?,HO,LT
a. PG
b. EK
c. CE
d. FJ
8. K1,M3,P5,T7,?
a. Y9
b. Y11
c. V9
d. V11
9. 2Z5,7Y7,14X9,23W11,34V13,?
a. 47T15
b. 47U17
c. 47U15
d. 48U15
10. 10,14,18,?
a. 22
b. 24
c. 20
d. 28
B. Number System
1. In the number 257368 the face value of 7 and place value of 7 is
a)7 and 7000 b)7000 and 7 c)7 and 1000 d)1000 and 7
2. If the number 197M5462 is divisible by 9 then value of M is
a)2 b)3 c)1 d)4
3. The sum of the place value and face value of 3 in 63897 is
a)3000 b)1003 c)3003 d)33
4. The difference between the place value and face value of 6 in the number 856973
a. 973
b. 6973
c. 5994
d. None of the above
C. LCM and HCF
1. Find HCF of 140 and 200
a. 20
b. 22
c. 19
d. 21
2. Find HCF of 140 and 200
a. 20
b. 22
c. 19
d. 21
3. Find HCF of 324,630 and 342
a. 20
b. 22
c. 18
d. 21
4. Find LCM of 12 and 20
a. 56
b. 60
c. 52
d. 80
5. Product of two numbers is 300. Their LCM is 60. Find HCF.
a. 5
b. 6
c. 8
d. 10
D. Squares and Square roots
1. Find the square root of 151
a. 12.28
b. 12.52
c. 12.80
d. 13
2. Find the square root of679 (26.05)
a. 26.05
b. 22.52
c. 26.80
d. 27
3. Find the square root of √2.56 (1.6)
a. 1.5
b. 1.2
c. 1.6
d. 1.8
4. Find the smallest number by which 396 must be multiplied so that the product
becomes a perfect square.
a. 15
b. 12
c. 11
d. 13
5. Find the least number to be subtracted from 300 to make it a perfect square.
a. 11
b. 12
c. 14
d. 13

E. Cube and Cube Roots

1. Which of the following is a cube
a. 529
b. 1000
c. 625
d. 196
2. Find the cube of 33.
a. 35937
b. 34937
c. 34000
d. 35900
3. Find the cube root of 343.
a. 8
b. 7
c. 6
d. 9
4. Find the cube root of 2744.
a. 12
b. 14
c. 18
d. 22

F. Surds and Indices

3 4
1. Simplify (√2 )

a. 54
b. 64
c. 34
d. 84
3
2. Simplify √ √27
a. 3
b. √3
c. √2
d. √4
3. Simplify ((√2) 3 ) 4
a. 3
b. 8
c. 4
d. 12
4. Simplify√3𝑥 + 1 4 = 2 find x (x=5)
a. 3
b. 8
c. 5
d. 12
G. Clocks and Calendar
1. An accurate clock shows 8 o'clock in the morning. Through how may degrees will the
hour hand rotate when the clock shows 2 o'clock in the afternoon?
a. 144°
b. 150°
c. 168°
d. 180°
2. The angle between the minute hand and the hour hand of a clock when the time is
2:25pm is:
a. 77.5°
b. 70°
c. 75°
d. 78°

3. Today is Sunday. After 65 days, it will be:

a. Sunday
b. Monday
c. Tuesday
d. Wednesday
4. What was the day on 15th August 1947?
a. Sunday
b. Monday
c. Friday
d. Wednesday

5. If 6th April 2023 falls on Thursday, then day of the week on 11th Dec 2023 is:
a. Sunday
b. Friday
c. Monday
d. Wednesday
H. Algebra
1. If 7𝑥-5 = 4𝑥+11 then "𝑥" is
1
a. 5 3
1
b. 6 3

c. 5
d. 6
4 3
2. If - 2𝑥 = 5 then 𝑥 is
𝑥

a. 1
b. 1/2
c. 2
d. 0
3. Sum of digits of atwo digit number is 16. If the number formed by reversing the digits is
less than the original number by 18.
The original number is a)79 b)88 c)97 d) None
4. Solve for x and y, if 4x+3y=25, x+5y=19
a) (3,4) b)(4,3) c)(2,1) d)(9,2)
I. Percentage
1. Ratio of the house is increased from Rs 7,000 to Rs 7,700 Express the increase in Price
as a Percentage of the original rent
a. 11%
b. 10%
c. 20%
d. 9%
2. Find X when 5% of X is 1000
a. 20500
b. 19000
c. 20000
d. 10000
3. Fruit seller had some apples. He sells 40% apples and still has 420 apples. Originally,
he had
a. 750
b. 800
c. 850
d. 700
4. Express the fraction 11/12 into the percent a) 90 % b)91 2/3 % c) 99 % d) 91 4/3 %
5. Ratio of the house is increased from Rs 7,000 to Rs 7,700 Express the increase in Price as a
Percentage of the original rent.
a) 7 % b)17 % c) 20 % d) 10%
J. Profit and Loss
1. A shopkeeper made a profit of 20% on an article which is sold for ₹2400. Find the
cost price of the article.
a. 1500
b. 1000
c. 2000
d. 2400
2. A sells a bicycle to B at a Profit of 20 % and B sells it to C at a Profit of 25 % . If C
pays Rs 225 for it, what did A pay for it ?
a. 150
b. 180
c. 225
d. 300
3. A mobile phone was sold for Rs 5060 at a gain of 10 % .If it had been sold for Rs
4370, what would have been the gain %?
a. 10%
b. 5%
c. 20%
d. 11%
4. An article was brought for Rs 2000 and sold for Rs 2200 Gain or loss percent is
a)10 b)5 c) 15 d)2
K. Interest: simple and Compound interest
1. Find the interest to be paid on loan of Rs. 6000 at 5% per year for 5 years.
a. 3000
b. 4500
c. 1500
d. 6000
2. In how many years the money will triple itself at 25% simple interest
a. 3
b. 4.
c. 8
d. 8.5
3. Find the compound interest on 70000 for 4 year at rate of 14% p.a.
a. 47,227
b. 48,227
c. 46,227
d. 45,227
4. If 60,000 amounts to 68,694 in 2 years. Find the rate of compound interest
a. 7%
b. 8%
c. 4%
d. 7.5%

Module II: Quantitative Aptitude – II

Quantitative Aptitude – 2

Ratio and Proportion and Partnership, Time and Work, Pipes and Cisterns, Speed, Time, and Distance,
Trains, Boats and Streams, Permutation and Combination, Probability

A. Ratio, Proportion & Partnership:

1. Divide 70 in the ratio 3:7.
a). 31:39
b). 30:40
c). 25:45
d). 21:49

2. Divide 120 in the ratio 10:14.

a). 50:70
b). 60:60
c). 70:50
d). 40:80

3. The ratio between two numbers is 3:4. If each number is increased by 2 the ratio becomes
7:9. Find the numbers.
a). 12 and 16
b). 12 and 18
c). 14 and 16
d). 16 and 18

4. Find the mean proportional between 3 and 75.

a). 3
b). 75
c). 225
d). 15

5. Find the mean proportional between 5 and 20.

a). 5
b). 20
c). 100
d). 10

6. Three partners A, B and C invest Rs. 1600, Rs. 1800 and Rs. 2300 respectively in a business.
How should they divide the profit of Rs. 399?
a). 112, 126 and 161
b). 122, 116 and 161
c). 112, 136 and 151
d). 102, 126 and 171

7. A began a business with Rs. 4500 and was joined afterwards by B with Rs. 5400. If the
profits at the end of the year was divided in the ratio 2:1, when did B join as a partner?
a). After 6 months
b). After 7 months
c). After 8 months
d). After 9 months

8. If the ratio of boys to girls in a class is 3:5, and there are 24 boys, how many girls are there
in the class?
a). 30
b). 36
c). 40
d). 48

B. Time and Work:

1. If A does a piece of work in 𝒏 days, then A’s work in 1 day is equal to __________?
𝑛
a). 1
2
b). 𝑛
3
c). 𝑛
𝟏
d). 𝒏

2. A takes 8 days and B takes 10 days to complete a job. How much time will they take to
complete the work together?
a). 4 𝟒⁄𝟗
b). 3 4⁄9
c). 5 4⁄9
d). 6 4⁄9

3. A is half good a workman as B and together they finish a job in 14 days. In how many
days working alone will B finish the job?
a). 14 days
b). 21 days
c). 28 days
d). 35 days
4. A, B and C together can complete a piece of work in 30 minutes. A and B together can
complete the same work in 50 minutes. C alone can complete the work in how many minutes?
a) 150 minutes
b) 80 minutes
c) 60 minutes
d) 75 minutes

5. 5 men prepare 10 toys in 6 days working 6 hrs a day. Then in how many days can 12 men
prepare 16 toys working 8 hrs a day?
a). 5 days
b). 6 days
c). 3 days
d). 1 days

6. If 6 men working 8 hours a day earn Rs. 1680 per week, then how much will 9 men
working 6 hours a day earn per week?
a). Rs. 1720
b). Rs. 1810
c). Rs. 1860
d). Rs. 1890

C. Pipes and Cisterns:

1. A pipe can fill a cistern in 6 hours. Due to a leak in its bottom it is filled in 7 hours. When the
cistern is full in how much time will it be emptied by the leak ?
a). 42 hours
b). 13 hours
c). 21 hours
d). 26 hours

2. Three pipes A, B and C fill a cistern in 6 hours. After working together for 2 hours C is dosed,
and A and B fill the cistern in 8 hrs. Then find the time in which cistern can be filled by pipe
C.
a). 10 hours
b). 12 hours
c). 14 hours
d). 16 hours

3. Pipe A can fill a tank in 20 hours while pipe B alone can fill it in 30 hours, and pipe C can
empty the full tank in 4O hours. If all the pipes are, opened together how much rime will be
needed to make the tank full?
a). 16 1⁄7
b). 17 𝟏⁄𝟕
c). 18 1⁄7
d). 19 1⁄7

4. Two pipes A&B can fill a tank in 36 hours and 45 hours . If both pipes opened
simultaneously how much time will it take to fill the tank?
a). 25
b). 20
c). 24
d). 81

D. Time, Distance and Speed:

1. What is the formula to find out distance?
a). time * speed
b). speed * mass
c). both a) & b)
d). None of these

2. If a Car travels at a speed of 10kmph and reaches the destination in 5 hours, what is the total
distance travelled by the car?
a). 40km
b). 50km
c). 500km
d). 15km

3. If a bus travels a distance of 100 kilometers in 4 hours, find out its speed.
a). 15 kmph
b). 20 kmph
c). 25 kmph
d). 30 kmph

4. If a car travels at a speed of 60 km/h for 3 hours, how far does it travel?
a) 20 km
b) 120 km
c) 180 km
d) 360 km

5. A car travels a distance of 240 km at a speed of 60 km/h. How long does it take to cover this
distance?
a) 2 hours
b) 3 hours
c) 4 hours
d) 5 hours

6. A bus traveling at a speed of 20 kmph reaches the destination, which is 120kms apart in
______ hours.
a). 6 hours
b). 5 hours
c). 12 hours
d). 20 hours

7. A car travels a distance of 500 km in 10 hours. What is its speed in km/hr?

a). 150 km/h
b). 100 km/h
c). 50 km/h
d). 500 km/h

8. Aman can run a distance of 100 m in 20 seconds. Find the speed of Aman in m/s.
a). 5 km/h
b). 20 km/h
c). 120 km/h
d). 80 km/h

9. A cyclist covers a distance of 20 km in 1 hour. If he wants to cover a distance of 60 km,

how much time will he take?
a). 2 hours
b). 3 hours
c). 4 hours
d). 5 hours

10. A car travels a distance of 120 km at a speed of 40 km/hr. If the car wants to cover the
same distance in half the time, what should be its speed?
a). 40 km/h
b). 60 km/h
c). 80 km/h
d). 100 km/h

E. Trains, Boats and Stream:

5. A train travels at a speed of 80 km/h for 2 hours and then at a speed of 60 km/h for the next
3 hours. What is the total distance traveled by the train?
a) 240 km
b) 340 km
c) 400 km
d) 500 km

6. How long does a train of 90m running at speed of 54 kmph takes to cross another train of
160m long running at 36kmph in the opposite direction?
a). 10 seconds
b). 12 seconds
c). 16 seconds
d). 18 seconds

7. A boat is rowed down a river 28Km in 4 hours and rowed up 12Km in 6 hours. Find speed
of boat in still water.
a). 2.5 kmph
b). 6 kmph
c). 9 kmph
d). 4.5 kmph

8. A boat is rowed down a river 28Km in 4 hours and rowed up 12Km in 6 hours. Find the
speed of the river.
a). 2.5 kmph
b). 6 kmph
c). 9 kmph
d). 4.5 kmph

9. Vikas can row a boat a certain distance downstream in 6 hours and return the same distant in
9 hours. If the stream flows at the rate of 3kmph, find the speed of Vikas in still water.
a). 12 km/h
b). 15 km/h
c). 18 km/h
d). 25 km/h

10. A man can row 6kmph in still water. When the river is running at 1.2Kmph it takes him
1 hour to row to a place and back. How far is the place?
a). 1.44 km
b). 1.98 km
c). 2.32 km
d). 2.88 km

11. The distance between two stations is 540 km. A train takes 3 hours to cover this distance.
Calculate the speed of the train in km/hr.
a). 200 km/h
b). 180 km/h
c). 240 km/h
d). 150 km/h

12. A train travels a distance of 240 km at a speed of 60 km/hr. How much time will it take to
cover this distance?
a). 1 hours
b). 2 hours
c). 3 hours
d). 4 hours

F. Permutations and Combinations:

1. There are 6 multiple choice questions in an examination. How many sequences of answers
are possible if first three questions have 4 choices each and next three questions have 5 choices
each?
a). 5000 ways
b). 6000 ways
c). 8000 ways
d). 9000 ways

2. In how many ways 5 boys and 5 girls can form a circle such that boys and girls are
alternative?
a) 1440 ways
b) 2160 ways
c) 2880 ways
d) 3600 ways

3. In how many ways a hockey team of 11 can be formed from 16 players?

a). 4368 ways
b). 3468 ways
c). 6438 ways
d). 8436 ways

4. There are 10 boys and 8 girls in a class. The teacher wants to select a boy and a girl to
represent the class. In how many ways can the teacher make this selection?
a). 10 ways
b). 8 ways
c). 18 ways
d). 80 ways

5. There are 10 boys and 8 girls in a class. The teacher wants to select a student to monitor
the class. In how many ways can the teacher make this selection?
a). 10 ways
b). 8 ways
c). 18 ways
d). 80 ways

6. In how many ways letters of the word ACCOUNTANCY can arranged?

a). 33,26,400 ways
b). 16,63,200 ways
c). 49,89,600 ways
d). 8,36,600 ways

7. Five persons entered a lift cabin on the ground floor of an 8 floor house. Suppose that each of
them can leave the cabin independently at any floor beginning with the first, what is the total
number of ways in which each of the five persons can leave the cabin at any of the 7 floors?
a). 16,807 ways
b). 12,403 ways
c). 18,803 ways
d). 14,607 ways

G. Probability:

1. If you draw a card from a standard deck of cards, what is the probability of drawing a king?
a). 1/52
b) 1/1
c). 1/26
d). 1/13

2. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability of getting total score of 7?
𝟏
a). 𝟔
1
b). 7
1
c). 12
1
d). 14

3. A bag contains 5 green and 7 red balls, if two balls are drawn, what is the probability that
one is green and other is red.
33
a). 65
34
b). 65
𝟑𝟓
c). 𝟔𝟓
36
d). 65

Module III: Verbal Reasoning

Logic Reasoning
Verbal Reasoning: Data analysis, Data sufficiency, Decision making, coding & decoding, Blood
relations, Puzzle tests, Direction sense test, Problems based on Venn Diagram/Syllogisms,
Alphabet test, Arithmetical reasoning, Input/Output, Series and Seating arrangements.

Non-Verbal Reasoning: Analogy, Water images, mirror images, embedded figures, Completion of
Pattern, Paper folding, Cubes & dice, Figure Formation & Analysis.

1. Data analysis,
Directions (1-5): The bar graph given below shows the sales of books (in thousand
number) from six
branches of a publishing company during two consecutive years 2021 and 2022?
Sales of Books (in thousand numbers) from Six Branches – B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and
B6 of a publishing
Company in 2021 and 2022.

Question 1: What is the ratio of the total sales of branch B2 for both years to the total
sales of branch B4
for both years?
A. 2:3
B. 3:5
C. 4:5
D. 7:9
Question 2: Total sales of branch B5 for 2021 is what percent of the total sales of
branches B6 for both the
years ?
A. 75 %
B. 50%

C. 25%
D. 30%
Question 3: What is the difference of the average sales of branches B4 and B5 for
both the years in
thousands ?
A. 10
B. 15
C. 5
D. 20
Question 4: What is the average sales of all the branches (in thousand numbers) for
the year 2021?
A. 73
B. 80
C. 83
D. 88
Question 5: Total sales of branches B1, B3 and B5 together for both the years (in
thousand numbers) is?
A. 250
B. 310
C. 435
D. 563
2. Data sufficiency
1. How is ‘face’ written in that code language
1) In a certain code language, ‘no one with face’ is coded as ‘fo to om sop’
and ‘no one has face’ is coded as ‘om sit fo sop’
2) In a certain code language, ‘face of no light’ is coded as ‘om mot fo kiz’
and ‘no one is smart’ is coded as ‘sop fo sip lik’
A. If data in the statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question.
B. If data in the statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question.
C. If data either in the statement I alone or statement II alone are sufficient to answer
the question.
D. If data given in both I & II together are not sufficient to answer the question.
E. If data in both statements I & II together are necessary to answer the question.

2. In which month is Meena’s birthday?

1) Shikha remembers that Meena’s b’day was 4 months ago.
2) Raj remembers that after 2 months from now, Meena’s b’day will be 6
months back.
a. If data in the statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question.
b. If data in the statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question.
c. If data either in the statement I alone or statement II alone are
sufficient to answer the question.
d. If data given in both I & II together are not sufficient to answer the
question.
e. If data in both statements I & II together are necessary to answer the
question.
3. In which year Rahul was born?
1) Rahul at present is 25 years younger to his mother.
2) Rahul’s brother, who was born in 1964, is 35 years younger than his
mother.
a. If data in the statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question.
b. If data in the statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question.
c. If data either in the statement I alone or statement II alone are
sufficient to answer the question.
d. If data given in both I & II together are not sufficient to answer the
question.
e. If data in both statements I & II together are necessary to answer the
question.
4. On which day of the week was birthday of Sahil?
1. Sahil celebrated his birthday the very next day on which Arun celebrated
his birthday.
2. The sister of Sahil was born on the third day of the week and two days after
Sahil was born.
a. If data in the statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question.
b. If data in the statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question.
c. If data either in the statement I alone or statement II alone are
sufficient to answer the question.
d. If data given in both I & II together are not sufficient to answer the
question.
e. If data in both statements I & II together are necessary to answer the
question.

3. Decision making
• Following are the criteria for recruiting a Professor in an organisation:
• The Applicant must
1. be graduate in any discipline with min. 67% marks.
2. have his/her age in between 28 to 33 years as on 26-09-2017.
3. have a PG degree/ 3 years diploma or must have completed B.Ed. with more than 55%
marks.
4. have minimum 3 years experience in Teaching.
5. be ready to join 1 year probation.
• If a candidate satisfies all the criteria except
1. at (c) above, but is an Arts with Maths graduate with minimum 72% marks and has an
experience of more than 4 years and more her/his case is to be referred to the
Principal.
2. at (d) above, but master degree’s with minimum 60% marks, her/his is to be referred to
the Vice Principal.
1. Manika is a B.Sc. Graduate with 70% marks and has completed PG in M.Sc.
She completed 27 years of age in 2015 and has 3 years of experience as a Math
Faculty. She is ready to join a probation period of one year
A) if case is to be referred to Principal.
B) if case is to be referred to Vice Principal.
C) if candidate is to be selected.
D) if information is inadequate to take a decision.
E) if candidate is not to be selected.
2. Mamta is a graduate in B.A. and B.Ed. with 75% and 70% respectively. She
has been working as a professor in Math for 5 years and has freelancing
experience of 2 years. Mamta’s age is 30 years and she is ready to join 2 year
probation.
A) if case is to be referred to Principal.
B) if case is to be referred to Vice Principal.
C) if candidate is to be selected.
D) if information is inadequate to take a decision.
E) if candidate is not to be selected.
3. Shobha, a 29-year-old science graduate with 70% marks in her graduation has
53% marks in her B.Ed. and she also has an Arts with Maths graduation
securing 80% marks. She also worked with Satyam for a span of 5 years and
she is willing to join the probation period for 1 year.
A) if case is to be referred to Principal.
B) if case is to be referred to Vice Principal.
C) if candidate is to be selected.
D) if information is inadequate to take a decision.
E) if candidate is not to be selected.
4. Abhishek is a graduate in B.Sc. and postgraduate in M.Sc. with 78% marks and
has been working for the past 7 years during which he worked as a teacher in
coaching institute for two years. He was born on 07.11.1986 and is ready to
join probation period of 1year.
A) if case is to be referred to Principal.
B) if case is to be referred to Vice Principal.
C) if candidate is to be selected.
D) if information is inadequate to take a decision.
E) if candidate is not to be selected
4. Coding & decoding:
1. In a code language, if TRAINS is coded as RTIASN, how will FLOWER be
coded in the same language?
a)LFOWER. b)LFWORE. c)WORELF. d)ERFLOW.
2. In a certain code language, the word PARTNER is coded as TRAPREN, how
will FOUNDER be coded in the same language
a)NUOFDER. b)NOUFRED. c)FOUNRED. d)OFNUEDR
3. In a code language, if SUGAR is coded as ZNMDB and TEA is coded as FLD
, how would you code GRATE in the same code for
a)BNDFL. b)MBDFL. c)LDZMN. d)FLDZB
4. If in a certain code language, TWENTY is coded as 863985 and ELEVEN is
coded as 323039,how will TWELVE be coded?
a)863903. b)86365. c)863203. d)683583
5. In a certain code language, the word RECTANGLE is coded as
TGEVCPING, then how is the word RHOMBUS coded?
a)TJOQDWV. b)UVWTJQN. c)TJQODWU. d)JTQOEWN
6. In a certain language, the word REJECT is written as SGMIHZ. How will the
word ACCEPT be written?
a)BEFIU b)BEVMUZ. c)BEEIUZ. d)BEFIUZ
7. If wall is called window, window is called door, door is called floor, floor is
called roof and roof is called ventilator, what will a person stand on?
a)door. b) ventilator. c)roof. d)floor
8. If in a certain code language, MIRROR is coded as 13918181518 how will
APPLE be coded in the same language?
a)11616125. b)3984145. c)1162254. d)11213147
9. If EAT is 26,ZEAL is 44 and AROMA is 48, how is HELMET written in the
same language?
a)23. b)63. c)83. d)53
5. Blood relations
1) Pointing towards a photograph Mr.Sharma said “She is the only daughter of
mother of my brother ‘s sister”. How is Mr.Sharma related to the lady in the
photograph?
A) cousin. B) sister. C) aunt. D) daughter in law

2) Nicholas said “ This girl is the wife of the grandson of my mother”.

Who is Nicholas to this girl?
A) father. B) husband. C) grandfather. D) Father in law
3) Q is the brother of C and C is the sister of Q. R and D are brother and sister.
R is the son of A while A and C are wife and husband.
How is Q related with D?
A) sister. B brother. C)aunt. D) uncle
4)Introducing a boy,a girl said,” He is the only son of my mother’s mother “.How is the girl
related to the boy?
A) aunt. B) niece. C) sister. D) mother
6. Puzzle tests:
Directions for questions 1 to 3:Read the following information carefully and answers
the questions below
A, B, C, D and E are famous for their Lovely Garden, Fancy Jewellery, Educational
Institute, Blue Pottery
and Scents but not in the same order
I.A and C are neither Educational Institutes nor have gardens.
II. B and E are not famous for Jewellery or Pottery.
III. Scents and Jewellery have nothing to do with A.
IV. D and E are not famous for Garden and Jewellery.
V. D is not famous for Educational Institutes.
1: Which of the following city is famous for gardens?
A. A
B. C
C. D
D. B
2: Blue Pottery is available in which of the following cities?
A. A
B. C
C. E
D. B
3: City E is famous for which of the following?
A. Jewellery
B. Educational Institutes
C. Blue Pottery
D. Scent
Directions for questions 4 to 8:Lectures A, B, C, D, E and F are to be organized in a
span of seven days
from Sunday to Saturday, only one lecture on each day in accordance with the
following:
I. A should not be organized on Thursday
II. C should be organized immediately after F.
III. There should be a gap of two days between E and D.
IV. One day there will be no lecture (Friday is not that day), first before that day D
will be organized.
V. B should be organized on Tuesday and should not be followed by D.
4: On which day, there is no lecture?
A. Monday
B. Friday
C. Sunday
D. Cannot be determined
5: How many lectures are organized between C and D?
A. None
B. One
C. Two
D. Three
6: Which day will the Lecture F be organized?
A. Thursday
B. Friday
C. Saturday
D. Sunday
7: Which of the following is the last lecture in the series?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
8: Which of the following information is not required in finding the complete
sequence of
organization of lectures?
A. Only I
B. Only II
C. Only V
D. All are required
9: If wall is called window, window is called door, door is called floor, floor is called
roof and
roof is called ventilator, what will a person stand on?
A. Door
B. Ventilator
C. Roof
D. Floor
10: How many times can you subtract the number 5 from 35?
A. 1
B. 4
C. 7
D. 5
7. Direction sense test:
1. A is 40 m south-west of B. C is 40 m south-east of B.
Then, C is in which direction of A?
e. C lies to the east of A
f. C lies to the west of A
g. C lies to the south of A
h. C lies to the north of A
2. Gaurav walks 20 meters towards North. He then turns left and walks 40
meters. He again turns left and walks 20 meters. Further, he moves 20 meters
after turning to the right.
How far is he from his original position”?
a. 80 meters
b. 50 meters
c. 60 meters
d. 7o meters
3. Facing towards South, Ram started walking and turned left after walking 30m,
he walked 25m and turned left and walked 30 m. How far is he from his starting
position and in which direction?
A. At the starting point only
B. 25m, west
C. 25m, East
D. 30m, East
4. Starting from Point A, Richa walked 3m South. Then, she turned left and walked
4 m. How far is she now from the starting point and in which direction?
A.5m, South-West
B. 5m, North-East
C. 5m, South-East
D. 5m, North-West

8. Problems based on Venn Diagram/Syllogisms

1. Which of the following diagrams correctly represents lions, elephants, and
animals? (Ans: A)

2. Which of the following diagrams correctly shows the relationship between

boys, athletes, and students (Ans: D)

3. In a party, both chicken and fish were served. Some ate only fish and some
only chicken. Some people were vegetarians who did not eat either. The rest
of the people ate both chicken and fish. Which of the following Venn-
diagrams correctly represent this situation. (Ans: A)

4. In each of the following questions two statements are given and these
statements are followed by two conclusions numbered (i) and (ii).
Read the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically
follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Give answer:
(A) If only (i) conclusion follows
(B) If only (ii) conclusion follows
(C) If either (i) or (ii) follows
(D) If neither (i) nor (ii) follows and
(E) If both (i) and (ii) follow.
5. Statements: Some actors are singers. All the singers are dancers.
Conclusions:
(i) Some actors are dancers.
(ii) No singer is actor.
(A) If only (i) conclusion follows
(B) If only (ii) conclusion follows
(C) If either (i) or (ii) follows
(D) If neither (i) nor (ii) follows and
(E) If both (i) and (ii) follow.
6. Statements: Some papers are pens. All the pencils are pens.
Conclusions:
(i)Some pens are pencils.
(ii)Some pens are papers.
(A) If only (i) conclusion follows
(B) If only (ii) conclusion follows
(C) If either (i) or (ii) follows
(D) If neither (i) nor (ii) follows and
(E) If both (i) and (ii) follow.

9. Alphabet test
1. What is the next alphabet of the series G,H,J,M,?
A)R B) S C) Q D) P
2. Find the Missing Term of the series BF, CH ? HO, LT
A)FG B) EK C) CE D) FJ
3. Find the next Term DCXW, FEVU, HGTS, ?
A)LKPO B) ABYZ C) JIRQ D) LMRS
4. Complete the series: Z,L,X,J,V,H,T,F,?,?
A)D,R B) R,D C) D,D D) R,R

10. Arithmetical reasoning

1. . What is the product of all the numbers in the dial of a telephone?
A. 1,58,480
B. 1,59,450
C. 1,59,480
D. None of the above
2. A is 3 years older to B and 3 years younger to C, while B and D are twins.
How many years older is C to D?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 6 D. 12
3. A motorist knows four different routes from A to B. From B to C he knows
three different routes and from C to D he knows two different routes. How
many routes does he know from A to D?
A. 24
B. 8
C. 12
D. 18
4. Find out from amongst the four alternatives as to how the pattern would
appear when the transparent sheet is folded at the dotted line (Ans: B)

5. Find out from amongst the four alternatives as to how the pattern would
appear when the transparent sheet is folded at the dotted line. (Ans: 2)

6.

11. Series and Seating arrangements.

1. 30, 42, 56 ,72 ?
A. 80 B. 110 C. 90 D. 82
2. 8, 16, 48, 192 ?
A. 960 B. 886 C. 990 D. 740
3. 15, 45, 75, 105, ?
A. 125 B. 145 C. 135 D. 175
4. 4, 8, 6 ,10, 8, ?
A. 6 B. 14 C. 10 D. 12
5. Five friends are sitting in a bench, facing north, but necessarily in the same
order. Sushma is to the immediate left to Raksha and immediate right to
Bindia. Meena is right to Raksha, Tina is exactly between Raksha and Meena.
Who is sitting at the right most?
A. Teena B. Meena C. Sushma D. Raksha
6. M, N, O, P, R are sitting together. P is at extreme right. N is to the immediate
left to O. R is in between M and N. Who is sitting to the left to P?
A. M B. R C. N D. O
7. Chethan, Roopesh, Rohan and Bipin are sitting in a row in the same order
from left to right. Radha, Ramya, Sneha and Swathi are sitting facing towards
the boys, but need not be in same order. Sneha is at left to Radha. Swathi is in
between Ramya and Radha. Who is directly facing Swathi?
A.Roopesh B. Chethan C. Rohan D. Bipin

Non-Verbal Reasoning:
12. Analogy,
1) 4 : 16 : : 3 : 9 : : 8 : 64 ?
A. 9 : 45 B. 6 : 36 C. 12 : 60 D. None of the above
2) 2 : 10 : : 4 : 20 : : 7 : 35 ?
A. 1 : 16 B. 10 : 50 C. 3 : 27 D. 6 : 48
3) 5 : 36 : :6 : ?
46 B. 49 C. 56 D. 52
4) Dog: Puppy: : Cat : ?
A. Chick B. Kitten C. Foal D. Colt
5) Bank: Interest: : School : ?
A. Medicine B. Education C. Food D. Plants
13. Water images,
1. Choose the alternative which is closely resembles the water-image of the
given combination. (Ans: 4)

2. Find the correct Water Image of the Figure (Ans: C)

14. Mirror images,
1. Choose the alternative which is closely resembles the image of the given
combination. (Ans: 2)

2. Find the mirror image of the word "LOGIC."

A. CIGOL B. CGIOL C. CILGO D. CIGLO
3. Choose the alternative which is closely resembles the image of the given
combination. (Ans: 1)

15. Embedded figures,

1. Find out the alternative figure which contains figure (X) as its part. (Ans: D)

2. Find out the answer figure in which the given question figures is embedded.
(Ans: A)
16. Completion of Pattern,
1. Identify the figure that completes the pattern (Ans: D)

2. Identify the figure that completes the pattern (Ans: 2)

17. Paper folding,
18. Cubes & dice

19. Figure Formation & Analysis.

Module 4: Analytical Ability:

Analytical Ability
English Grammar, Verbal ability, Sentence, Spot the error, fill in the blanks, Passages, Statement
and Assumptions, Critical Reasoning, Comprehension, Data Interpretation

A. English Grammer:
1. I don't really know how to _______ the problem.
A. Tackle
B. Cope
C. Draw
D. Erase

2. How _______ money do you have in your pocket?

A. many
B. few
C. much
D. some

3. Ravi behaves strangely at times and, therefore, nobody gets _______ with him.
A. about
B. through
C. along
D. up

4. In the following questions choose the word which is the exact OPPOSITE of the given words.
‘ENORMOUS’
a) Soft
b) Tiny
c) Average
d)Weak

5. In the following the questions choose the word which best expresses the meaning of the given
word. ‘BRIEF’
a)Limited
c)Little
b)Small
d)Short

B. Verbal Ability:
1. Symphony : Composer
A. Leonardo : music
B. Fresco : painter
C. Colours : pallet
D. Art : appreciation

2. Yard is to Fence as Cell is to ?

A. Mitochondria
B. Cytoplasm
C. Membrane
D. Nucleus

3. Fossil : Extinction :: Puddle : ?

A. Wet
B. Rain
C. Lake
D. Dry

4. Select the pair which has the same relationship. LIGHT: BLIND
a) Speech: Dumb
b) Language: Deaf
c) Tongue: Sound
d) Voice: Vibration

5. Pain:Sedative
a. comfort:stimulant
b. grief:consolation
c. trance:narcotic
d. ache:extraction
7. . Army : Logistics
a .business:strategy
b. soldier:students
c. war:logic
d. team:individual

7.Paw : Cat :: Hoof : ?

a. Donkey
b. Lion
c. Elephant
d. Horse

C. Sentence Completion & Improvement:

1. Some verb needs a _________________ to convey the full.
a) Complimentary
b) Complement
c) Component
d) Compliment

2. She set up the institutions of international ______________.

a) Repute
b) renown
c) famous
d) reputation

3. The police have ____________________ a complaint against four persons.

a) entered
b) lodged
c) registered
d) noted

4. He is too ______________________ to be deceived easily.

a) Strong
b) modern
c) kind
d) intelligent

5. You must ______________ your career with all seriousness.

a) Direct
b) complete
c) follow
d) pursue

6. A part of the sentence is underlined and alternatives are given to improve the sentence. Choose
the correct alternative. “Old habits die hardly”.
A. die much hardly
B. die hard
C. die too hard
D. No improvement is necessary

7. “I think in my opinion that all those who claim to be honest are not so.”
A. In my opinion, I believe
B. It seems to me
C. It is my believing
D. No improvement is necessary

8. “They have stopped from constructing new buildings.”

A. to construct
B. at constructing
C. constructing
D. No improvement is necessary

9. Which of phrases given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold type
to make the grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is, mark 'E' as the answer.
‘The man to who I sold my house was a cheat’.
a) to whom I sell
b) who was sold to
c) to who I sell
d) to whom I sold
e). No correction required

D. Spot the Error:

1. Spot the error: “The spectacles is missing”.
A. The spectacles are missing
B. The Spectacles has missing
C. The spectacles had missing.
D. No errors

2. Would you like to have some desert?

A. Would you like to have some dessert?
B. Would you like to had some desert?
C. Would you like to has some desert?
D. No error

3. Divide the apple between you three

A. Divide the apple among you three.
B. Divide the apples between you three
C. Divide the apple in you three
D. No error

4. These are the best which he could get. (Incorrect)

These are the best that he could get. (Correct)
Instead of ‘who’ or ‘which’, the relative pronoun ‘that’ is used after adjectives in the
superlative degree.

5. I can write as fast, if not faster than her. (Incorrect)

I can write as fast as, if not faster than her. (Correct)
‘As’ is used both before and after the adjective to show equality.

6. I will be there in a hour. (Incorrect)

I will be there in an hour. (Correct)
In articles, the words starting with vowel sounds are preceded with ‘An’. Hour is pronounced
as ‘our’. Hence, it becomes an hour.

7. People has left. (Incorrect)

People have left. (Correct)
Certain nouns being a singular form represent plurality and therefore, take a plural verb in a
sentence. Example: police, clergy, people, peasantry, cattle.

E. Fill in the blank:

1. Pick out the most effective word(s) from the given words to fill in the blank to make the
sentence meaningfully complete. Catching the earlier train will give us the ...... to do some
shopping.
a)Chance
b) possibility
c) Occasion
d) luck

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select
the most appropriate option to fill in each blank. Digital India can be the prime (1) behind
making a reality of the government’s promise of minimum government, maximum governance.
Such a transformation requires technology to be firmly (2) into government, something that the
Digital India project lists as one of its foremost objectives. Embedding technology into
government (3) will do three things; transform the government and make it more transparent
and efficient, transform the lives of citizens especially those at the bottom of the (4) pyramid
and make our economy more efficient and competitive. A 2014 McKinsey Global Institute
report predicts that the large-scale (5) of technology through Digital India positions India with
the biggest opportunity yet to accelerate economic growth.
Q. 1: Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.
A. impact
B. might
C. factors
D. force

Q. 2: Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.

A. inserted
B. embedded
C. planted
D. stuck
Q. 3: Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.
A. offices
B. details
C. processes
D. hierarchies

Q. 4: Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.

A. mythical
B. proverbial
C. hypothetical
D. classified

Q. 5: Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.

A. enhancement
B. anticipation
C. adaptation
D. monitoring

F. Passages:
Read the Comprehension and answer the following question: Nehru's was a many sided
personality. He enjoyed reading and writing books as much as he enjoyed fighting political and
social evils or residing tyranny. In him, the scientist and the humanist were held in perfect balance.
While he kept looking at special problems from a scientific standpoint. He never forgot that we
should nourish the total man. As a scientist, he refused to believe in a benevolent power interested
in men's affairs. but, as a self-proclaimed non-believer, he loved affirming his faith in life and the
beauty of nature. Children he adored. Unlike Wordsworth, he did not see him trailing clouds of
glory from the recent sojourn in heaven. He saw them as blossoms of promise and renewal, the
only hope for mankind.
1. Nehru though that children:
a) we’re tailing clouds of glory
b) held promise for a better future
c) were like flowers to be loved and admired
d) held no hope for mankind

2. Nehru enjoyed:
a) reading and writing books
b) fighting political and social evils
c) resisting tyranny
d) Doing all the above and much more.

3. Which of the statements reflects Nehru point of view?

a) Humanism is more important than science
b) Science is supreme and humanism is subordinate to it
c) Science and Humanism are equally important
d) There is no ground between science and humanism.

4. In this passage, 'a benevolent power interested in men's affairs' means

a) a supernatural power of god
b) beauty of nature
c) the spirit of science
d) the total man

5. A 'many-side personality' means:

a) a complex personality
b) a secretive person
c) a person having varied interests
d) a capable person

G. Statement and Assumption:

1.
8.
H. Critical Reasoning:
1. In the following question, a statement is followed by an argument. Decide whether the
argument is valid/implicit based on the statement.
Statement: "All citizens above the age of 18 should be allowed to vote in the elections."
Argument: "Lowering the voting age to 16 will encourage political awareness and
participation among the youth."
Is the argument valid based on the statement?
A. Yes, the argument is valid.
B. No, the argument is not valid.
2.

I. Comprehension:
Read the given comprehension and answer the questions that follow. Women all over the world
in general and Indian women in particular have been facing different problems. A recent report
titled 'Women and children in India' and a nearly simultaneous report on ‘Indian women their
Health and Economic productivity' highlight the international importance bring given to the
problems of the Indian women. Unfortunately, both the reports fail to either convey a fresh
understanding of the issues or to suggest innovative and workable approaches for women’s
development. The former is because the reports restrict themselves to old statistics. We are told,
for example, that the ratio of women to men remains below its natural level and that it is related
to other parameters, such as the level of literacy and the availability of primary health care. The
failure to suggest a fresh approach is less understandable given that a variety of approaches to
women’s development has been tried out all over the world. In India, the State has made a
strong political and economic commitment to women. In 1990, the National Commitment to
Women was established. In 1969 two major policy documents were released. Ever since the
Sixth Five-year plan there has been a special section on socio-economic programmes for
women. Poverty alleviation programmes have a 30% target for women. Special programmes
like Development of women and children in Rural Areas have also been started. These
government and other approaches have had mixed results. For example, certain organization’s
approach of using bank credit to organize self-employed women has worked well. So did
women’s literacy programmes in Kerala. On the other hand, some of the legislated reforms like
dowry prohibition have not worked well. The issue of whether women should be identified as
separate participator in the development process is also not free from controversy. In this
context, it is disappointing to read in one of the reports that one of the government’s targets for
1991-95 ought to be to foster “an ethos of caring in the community- not to let a child go to bed
hungry, be subjected to a preventable disease or remain without learning opportunity-this could
not mark the beginning of a social process towards a more humane order”. Is the report saying
then, that Indians do not love their children, as a matter a cultural practice? Both the reports are
likely to be highly influential on opinion leaders and policy makers. It is very unfortunate that
these reports have become superficial and do not delve sufficiently deep into the real problems.

1. Which of the following statement (s) is / are correct in the context of the passage in regard
to development schemes?
i. All people are of the opinion that women should be given special status.
ii. No one feels that women should be given special status.
iii. There is no controversy regarding women being given special status.
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Only 3
d) All the three
e) None of these

2. Which of the following is not put forward by the author of the passage as a defect of the
report? a) They highlight the problems of Indian women
b) They contain outdated statistical data
c) The reports have not suggested any new measures
d) Some of the suggestions in the reports are superficial
e) The reports are not analytical

3. Which of the following is specifically put forward as a reason for the unequal sex ratio in the
population?
a) Natural causes
b) Economic development
c) Literacy level and healthcare
d) Socio-economic programmes
e) Poverty alleviation programmes

4. Which of the following is FALSE according to the passage?

i. The problem of women in general is attracting attention the world over.
ii. Indian people do not love their children as much as they should.
iii. Right from independence women have been receiving special attention for development.
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Only 3
d) Only 2 and 3
e) Only 1 and 2

5. Which of the following would correctly reflect the tone of the author of the passage to the
two reports mentioned in the first paragraph?
a) Biased
b) Critical
c) Neutral
d) Praiseful
e) Appreciative
6.Which of the following is conveying the SAME meaning as the word 'mark' as is used in the
passage?
a) Symbolize
b) Sign
c) Distinguish
d) Notice
e) Start

7. Why has according to the passage, the legislation prohibiting dowry failed in India?
a) Due to cultural ethos in the country
b) Because of the fact that it was passed as law
c) No social organizations were involved as law
d) Literacy rate among women is poor
e) Reason not mentioned in the passage

8. Which of the following is TRUE in the context of the passage?

a) Some development programmes have failed in India.
b) All development programmes and schemes are generally a success.
c) Indian women do not manage their finances well.
d) Women literacy programmes are held all over India.
e) Culturally, Indians do not love their children.

9. Choose the word that is most SIMILAR in meaning to ‘Target’

a) Aim
b) Margin
c) Quota
d) Schemes
e) Attempt

10. Choose the word that is most SIMILAR in meaning to ‘Go to bed hungry’
a) Malnutrition
b) Insomnia
c) Famine
d) Undernourishment
e) Unsatisfied

2. Read the given comprehension and answer the questions that follow. Reading is a
fundamental skill that plays a vital role in our lives. It’s not just about deciphering words on a
page but about the doors it opens, the knowledge it imparts, and the worlds it allows us to
explore. Reading is an essential tool for learning, expanding our horizons, and fostering
imagination. When we read, we acquire knowledge. Whether it’s reading textbooks,
newspapers, or online articles, we gain information that helps us understand the world. Books,
in particular, are a treasure trove of knowledge. They contain the wisdom of generations, the
discoveries of great minds, and the stories of diverse cultures. Reading books can educate us
on history, science, literature, and countless other subjects. It’s like having a mentor, guiding
us through the complexities of life. Reading also broadens our horizons. It exposes us to
different viewpoints, perspectives, and experiences. When we read about characters from
various backgrounds or explore far-off lands through the pages of a novel, we step into their
shoes and see the world from a different angle. This broadening of perspective fosters empathy
and understanding, making us more tolerant and open-minded individuals. Furthermore,
reading fuels our imagination. Whether it’s a fantasy novel, a science fiction story, or a
compelling mystery, books transport us to other worlds and challenge us to envision the
unimaginable. Our minds become the canvas, and words paint the pictures. It’s a magical
experience that ignites creativity and inspiration. Moreover, reading is a skill that transcends
academic boundaries. It’s not just about scoring well on tests; it’s about developing critical
thinking, analytical skills, and the ability to communicate effectively. A person who reads
regularly is likely to have a broader vocabulary, better writing skills, and an improved ability
to express their thoughts and ideas. In our modern digital age, reading has taken on new forms.
E-books and audiobooks have made it more accessible and convenient. With just a few clicks
or taps, we can access a vast library of literature. However, there’s something timeless and
intimate about holding a physical book, flipping its pages, and smelling the scent of paper and
ink. In conclusion, reading is not just a hobby; it’s a cornerstone of education, personal growth,
and cultural enrichment. It empowers us with knowledge, broadens our perspectives, ignites
our imagination, and equips us with essential skills. Whether we’re reading for pleasure,
information, or self-improvement, reading is a journey that enriches our lives and shapes us
into more informed, empathetic, and creative individuals.

(1) What are some of the benefits of reading mentioned in the passage?
a) Acquiring knowledge
b) Physical exercise
c) Developing cooking skills
d) Enhancing video game proficiency

(2) How does reading broaden our horizons and foster empathy?
a) By encouraging isolation
b) By exposing us to different viewpoints and experiences
c) By promoting narrow-mindedness
d) By making us less tolerant

(3) What role does reading play in developing critical thinking and communication skills?
a) It has no impact on critical thinking or communication skills
b) It broadens horizons but does not impact skills
c) It expands vocabulary, improves writing skills, and enhances communication abilities
d) It only helps with imagination but not critical thinking or communication

(4) What are the advantages of reading physical books compared to digital formats?
a) Physical books are more expensive
b) Digital formats are more environmentally friendly
c) Physical books offer a timeless and intimate experience
d) Digital formats are easier to access

(5) How does reading enrich our lives and shape us as individuals, according to the passage?
a) Reading has no impact on personal growth
b) Reading makes us less informed and less creative
c) Reading empowers us with knowledge, broadens our perspectives, and equips us with
essential skills, making us more informed, empathetic, and creative individuals
d) Reading only fosters creativity but not empathy

3. Read the following comprehension and answer the questions that follow. There’s the crush
of traffic outside and the air is still with the heat of summer and the aroma of baking. At the
junction of Perambur’s Paper Mills Road and Foxen Street, at the cusp of the slowly-vanishing
world of Anglo India, is Ajantha Bakers. A mosaic-tiled stairway leads to the bakery on the
first floor, overlooking tin-roofed garages and tiled houses that have risen and slept under the
warm blanket of comfort this aroma exudes. Ajantha Bakers has been part of this Anglo-Indian
stronghold since 1972, baking wedding cakes, pound cakes and marzipan-rich, chewy Easter
eggs. But, during the week between Palm Sunday and Easter Sunday, it is hot cross buns —
soft, slightly spiced and tinged in nostalgia — that sell by the thousands. Says KS Subhash,
managing director, “When my father KT Sekhar started the bakery, he had plenty of Anglo-
Indian friends and customers. They still form the backbone of our clientèle, and it is their
recipes that we largely use, whether in our butter cakes or whole-wheat breads. Our Easter eggs
and bunnies made of marzipan and chocolates are ready at least two weeks ahead of the festival.
For the hot cross buns, which are eggless, we use the best of spices blended with raisins. That
flavour is unmistakeable and we bake about 25,000 buns. They sell out within a few hours.”
Ajantha Bakers sells its buns on Thursday, “so they keep fresh” on Good Friday, when they are
traditionally eaten. “Priced at Rs. 65 for a pack of five, the buns are retailed at our 14 outlets
and ordered in bulk by churches.” Choose your flavour In Britain, where it first originated, hot
cross buns have been celebrated in a nursery rhyme and sold in supermarkets through the year.
The bar at The Bell Inn, Essex, has buns from every Good Friday since 1906 suspended as
buntings. Belief is that hot cross buns hung in kitchens prevent fires, and the faith behind them
would never let them go mouldy. Hot cross buns have also been mixed with unusual flavours
such as Earl Grey tea, rum-soaked sultanas and potato-bread dough. In Chennai, though, it is
the standard recipe that is followed. At the iconic Buhari Hotel on Anna Salai, hot cross buns
will be available from Thursday. The hotel that has stood here since 1951, has had an in-house
bakery since the 1960s. Above the roar of traffic and customers tucking into plates of biryani
on a busy Friday afternoon, Nawaz Buhari, managing director, says, “The eggfree recipe for
hot cross buns that we follow comes from the Vietnamese bakers who worked here when we
started out.” While the famed McRennett will stock hot cross buns priced at Rs. 40 for a pack
of four from tomorrow, hotels such as ITC Grand Chola and Hyatt Regency already have trays
laden with Good Friday and Easter goodies at their gourmet shops. Family tradition Harry
MacLure, editor, Anglos in the Wind, says of his childhood in Tiruchi, “It was tradition at home
— the air used to be filled with the spiced aroma of hot cross buns baking, but now we just buy
it off store shelves. We look forward to breaking the fast with this simple delicacy and a coconut
milk-rice gruel with coconut chutney.” Lenten treat Hot cross buns have long been a symbol of
spring and fertility. According to pagan legend, oxen were sacrificed and their horns
symbolically emblazoned on freshly baked bread. The words ‘bun’ and ‘Easter’ are derived
from the Anglo-Saxon lexicon meaning ‘sacred ox’ and ‘Eostre’, the goddess of spring. The
four quadrants made by the cross on the bread are said to have represented the phases of the
moon. The modern version of the hot cross bun is a British invention that came with Europe
opening up to trade with the East. Spices and salt started to cost less and the sweet-savoury bun
with a pasty white cross on its brown top became a Good Friday baker’s treat. The cross came
to symbolise Christ’s passion and death, and the spices, the mixture with which his body was
embalmed. So popular and wholesome were the buns, that they were baked through the year,
and Queen Elizabeth I had to issue a royal decree to stop their yearround baking, so that their
religious symbolism wouldn’t be lost.
(1) Consider the following statements regarding the Ajantha Bakers as given in the above
passage:
1. It is situated in Perambur.
2. It has been part of Anglo-Indian stronghold since 1872.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both are correct
(d) None is correct

(2) Where did hot cross buns come from?

(a) Britain
(b) Perambur
(c) USA
(d) Spain

(3) Which of the following statement regarding Ajantha Bakers is incorrect?

(a) They are famous for chewy Easter eggs.
(b) They are famous for wedding cakes.
(c) Hot cross buns are ordered in bulk by churches.
(d) It is famous for only hot cross buns.

(4) What is 'Eostre’ in context with the pagan legend as described in the passage?
(a) horns
(b) Bread
(c) Goddess
(d) moon

(5) From where the egg-free recipe for hot cross buns came?
(a) India
(b) Vietnam
(c) China
(d) Burma

(6) Choose the word which is Most Opposite to the word printed in bold in the passage-
‘Tucking’
(a) spread
(b) enfold
(c) push
(d) seam
(7) Choose the word which is Most Opposite to the word printed in bold in the passage-
‘Gourmet’
(a) connoisseur
(b) critic
(c) gourmand
(d) destitute

(8) Choose the word which is Most Similar to the word printed in bold in the passage-
‘Delicacy’
(a) inelegance
(b) coarseness
(c) heaviness
(d) elegance

(9) Choose the word which is Most Similar to the word printed in bold in the passage-
‘Embalmed’
(a) wrap
(b) squander
(c) waste
(d) neglect

(10) Choose the word which is Most Similar to the word printed in bold in the passage- ‘Decree’
(a) word
(b) rap
(c) directive
(d) verdict.