M A G N E T I C EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
• in ancient time a natural stone is present which is known as magnetite
which has property to attract iron .
• magnetite is a iron oxide Fe3O4
• magnet is originated from the word magnetite .
• properties and origin of magnet is called magnetism .
• artificial magnet are formed by the alloy of iron, nickel. steel .
magnet are of 2 type : 1. Temporary magnet
2.permanent magnet
Characteristic of magnet :
Magnet have 2 characteristics :
1. directional property :
When a magnet is freely suspended, then it always shows north and south
direction. This is known as the directional property of a magnet.
2. Attractive Property:
A magnet is capable of attracting other magnets as well magnetic
substances like Fe, Co, Ni, steel, etc. This is the attractive property of a
magnet.
Terms Connected with a Magnet
1. Pole:
• The attraction power of a magnet is not uniform throughout the entire
length.
• The attraction power is maximum near the two ends of a magnet.
These two points near the ends where the attraction is maximum are
called poles.
• The pole of the magnet that directed towards north of the earth is
called north-pole and the pole of magnet that directed towards south
of the earth is called south-pole.
• Thus, a magnet has two poles namely north pole and south pole.
• The two poles of a magnet cannot be separated. Thus, a magnet is
always a dipole.
• Magnetic monopole (single pole) does not exist .
2.Magnetic Axis:
• The line joining the two poles of a magnet, extended in both directions is
called magnetic axis.
3.Magnetic length :
• the length of t Length Distance between two poles two po of a magnet is
called magnetic length. It is less the magnet. The magnetic length of a
magnet is about 85% of the length of the magnet.
4.Neutral Region:
• The attraction power of a magnet is minimum at the central part of
the magnet. This is known as the neutral region.
NATURE OF MAGNET :
• Like poles repel each other and unlike Magnetic axis poles attract
each other. The two poles of the magnet are of equal strength.
• Magnetic pole is represented by 'm'. Neutral region
• The SI unit of pole strength is ampere meter (Am)
Properties of Magnetic Lines of Force :
1. line of force in a magnetic field is a close and continuous curve such that the
tangent drawn at any point on it shows the direction of field intensity at that
point.
2. The lines of force begin normally from north-pole and ends normally on
south-pole
3. The lines of force tend to contract longitudinally. For this reason, two unlike
poles attract each other.
4. The lines of force tend to expand laterally. For this reason, two like poles
repel each other.
5. Lines of force within a magnet is directed from south-pole to north-pole. For
this reason magnetic field lies within a magnet.
6. If lines of force are parallel, then the magnetic field is uniform.
7. If magnetic lines of force are not parallel, then the magnetic field is not
uniform.
8. A stronger magnetic field is represented by more number of lines of force.
9. Two magnetic lines of force never intersect. If they intersect, then at the point
of intersection there will be two tangents on the two lines of forces showing two
values of magnetic field at point which is impossible.
10. A unit north pole gives 4t number of lines of force.
