use is made of local civilian labor, construction equipment, and

materiel.
b. The division main and alternate command posts, division
antiaircraft gun positions, corps antitank reserve, corps artillery
reserve, corps tank reserve, corps general troop reserve, switch
lines, obstacles, and antitank strong points are located in the main
defense zone behind the areas occupied by the first and second
echelon regiments. Switch lines are prepared and defense posi-
tions are located to force a penetrating enemy into either un-
favorable terrain and concentrations or to split his forces into
unfavorable terrain where he can be destroyed by preplanned
fires.
c. The division tank reserve, antitank reserve, engineer reserve,
and command posts of first-echelon regiments are usually located
in the area between the first-echelon regiments and the second-
echelon regiment. In this area are also located the light caliber
regimental and division artillery groups.

222. Conduct of the Defense

a. The rifle division defends in place. Except for the ejection
of small penetrations not reduced by fire, counterattacks are made
by the rifle corps second-echelon. The division tank reserve,
reinforced is used for ejecting small penetrations. The division
second echelon blocks enemy penetrations which have ruptured
division first echelon positions.
b. Should troops be subjected to an enemy nuclear attack, the
survivors continue the defense until properly relieved. Care of
casualties is subordinated to continuation of the defense. If it
is known or believed that the enemy will fire a nuclear prepara-
tion on the first echelon of the division, the troops in that area
may withdraw temporarily, on authority of the rifle army com-
mander. A strong rear guard is left in place to conceal the
departure of the main force. The defensive position is reoccupied
at the earliest possible time.

Section VI. FIRST-ECHELON RIFLE REGIMENT IN DECENTRALIZED

POSITION DEFENSE
223. Formation for the Defense
The rifle regiment in the division first echelon usually defends
in two echelons. The first echelon usually consists of two re-
inforced rifle battalions. The second echelon usually consists of
the third rifle battalion reinforced. Rifle battalions are reinforced
AGO 3770B 117
with tanks, self-propelled guns, antitank artillery, and antiair-
craft artillery available to the rifle regiment. If assigned a very
wide area, the rifle regiment may defend with all rifle battalions
in the first echelon and a reinforced rifle company in the second
echelon. In active atomic warfare, the rifle regiment rarely
uses a three-echelon formation.

224. Width and Depth of Defense Areas

A rifle regiment in the division first echelon usually defends
an area 5 to 8 miles wide and up to about 6 miles deep. If the
width of the assigned area is more than 8 miles, the regiment
may defend with more than 2 reinforced rifle battalions in the
first echelon.

225. Organization for the Defense

a. Figure 51 illustrates a typical defense organization by the
rifle regiment in the division first echelon.
b. Battalion strong points are located on terrain features cover-
ing important enemy avenues of approach. The strong points
are usually not mutually supporting but are located so as to be
able to deliver flanking fire on enemy units using those avenues
of approach into the defensive area. The battalion strong point
does not occupy the entire area for which the battalion is respon-
sible. Unoccupied areas are controlled by use of fires, patrols, and
obstacles. Each unit is responsible for the gap on its left.
c. The regimental defense area is as heavily fortified as time
permits. Obstacles in the form of barbed wire entanglements of
various kinds, electrified wire, antitank and antipersonnel mine-
field wire, antitank ditches, abatis, prepared demolitions, and
other obstacles to the movement of enemy armor and infantry
are established to the front and flanks as well as inside battalion
defense areas. Flamethrowers and smoke generators are placed
to cover the approaches to the regimental area.

226. Rifle Regiment Reserves

The rifle regiment organizes reserves on a smaller scale, similar
to those of the rifle division described in paragraph 220.

227. Separate Companies of the Rifle Regiment

a. Mortar Company. Platoons of the company are normally
attached to rifle battalions. Missions assigned to the mortar bat-
tery include-
(1) Attack of enemy personnel concentrating for the attack.

118 ACO 3770B

(2) Smoke missions and neutralization of enemy weapons.
(3) Participation in counterpreparation and firing normal
barrages.
(4) Support of battle outpost from supplementary positions.
(5) Fires on enemy penetrations.
b. Antiaircraft Battalion. The employment of this battalion in
the defense is similar to the employment in the offense (par. 143c).
c. Self-Propelled Gun Company. The guns of this company are
normally attached to the rifle battalions. The self-propelled guns
may be employed as roving guns or dug in as armored pillboxes.
d. Antitank Company. Platoons are usually attached to the
rifle battalions. At least one reinforced platoon is retained as
the regimental antitank reserve.
e. Recoilless Rifle Company. The employment of this company
in the defense is similar to the employment in the offense (par.
143e).

228. Conduct of the Defense

a. The rifle regiment begins its defense when the enemy makes
contact with the battle outposts. Prior to this time the enemy
will have been subjected to concentrations of nuclear fires, long-
range artillery fire, and air strikes while traversing defiles;
harassment and delay by units of the security zone; and air strikes
and artillery and mortar concentrations, including nuclear fires,
while in assembly areas. As hostile elements move within range,
combat outposts take them under fire of mortars, small arms,
and machine guns. Artillery places creeping barrages on the
advancing enemy and covers the withdrawal of the combat out-
posts as the latter are forced back.
b. Artillery barrages are placed on the enemy as he reaches a
line about 400 yards from the forward battalion defense areas.
Here, too, the enemy is brought under direct antitank, artillery
gunfire as he encounters belts of antitank mines. If the enemy
succeeds in penetrating the main defense zone, all weapons in
range keep him under fire. Hostile infantry are separated from
tanks, if possible, and tanks are taken under fire by antitank
guns, self-propelled guns, and at times by antiaircraft guns, and
even other artillery in direct fire roles. Hostile penetrations of
the forward companies of rifle battalion defense areas are blocked
by rear companies.
c. Minor penetrations of the rifle regimental sectors are coun-
terattacked by the reinforced division tank reserve. If these

AGO 3770B 119

counterattacks fail to stop the enemy advance, permission may be
granted to threatened units to withdraw to alternate positions.

Section VII. RIFLE BATTALION AND COMPANY IN

DECENTRALIZED POSITION DEFENSE
229. Formation for the Defense
The battalion defense is based on the battalion combined arms
team defense area. If required by the terrain and the situation,
company combined arms team defense areas may be organized.
Provision is made for the withdrawal of these company combined
arms teams into the battalion defense area if required. The rifle
battalion usually defends in two echelons. The first echelon
usually consists of two rifle companies. The second echelon
usually consists of the third rifle company. A three-echelon for-
mation is rarely used. The formation of the rifle battalion de-
pends on the width and defensive strength of the assigned defense
area. If assigned a very wide area, the rifle battalion may de-
fend with all rifle companies in the first echelon and a reinforced
rifle platoon in the second echelon. The rifle company formation
for the defense is similar to that of the rifle battalion.

230. Width and Depth of Defense Areas

a. A rifle battalion usually defends an area about 2.5 to 4 miles
wide and up to about 3 miles deep. If the width of the assigned
area is more than 4 miles, more than 2 rifle companies are usually
used in the battalion first echelon. The area actually occupied
by a battalion defense area with 2 companies in the first echelon
may be only 2 miles wide and up to about 1 mile deep.
b. A rifle company usually occupies an area about 1 or 2 miles
wide and up to about 1/½ mile deep.

231. Organization for the Defense

a. Detailed construction of defensive fortifications is under-
taken in each battalion position. Normally three main lines of
trenches are dug. Mechanical means are frequently used. The
first 2 trenches are approximately 450 yards apart on a forward
slope and are occupied by the 2 first-echelon rifle companies re-
inforced with the bulk of the heavy machineguns and recoilless
antitank weapons available to the battalion. Some tanks, self-
propelled guns, mortars, and artillery batteries may be assigned
those units for direct support. A third trench, approximately 900
yards behind the second trench, and frequently on a reverse slope,

120 AGO 3770B

is occupied by the second-echelon rifle company. Fixed machine-
gun and antitank gun emplacements are provided to the front of
the first trench so those weapons can fire along the forward edge
of the defense area. Portions of the first trench are provided
with overhead cover. Usually, such protection is located about
every 45 yards along the trace of the trench. Alternate and
supplementary positions are prepared as time permits.
b. Rifle companies are usually organized with two platoons in
the first trench and the third platoon in the second trench. A
secondary trench a short distance behind each main trench is occu-
pied by the third squad of each platoon, the platoon command post,
heavy machineguns, and recoilless antitank weapons. All platoon
trenches are connected by communication trenches as time per-
mits. A communication trench for each company leads back to
the third main trench which also contains the battalion command
post. The battalion, in turn, has similar communication trenches
leading back to the regimental command post in the regimental
second-echelon position.
c. Weapons are placed so they can cover the entire company
front and interlock with fires of adjacent companies. The third
main trench does not support the first two trenches with any
fires except mortar fires. If the enemy breaks through the second
trench, troops occupying the third trench bring the enemy under
fire while he is in the process of reorganizing to continue the
attack. The gaps between battalions are covered with heavy
artillery and antitank gunfire and heavy belts of obstacles de-
signed to force the enemy into those areas covered by small-arms
fire.

232. Rifle Battalion Reserves

The rifle battalion organizes an antitank reserve similar to that
of the rifle regiment (par. 227d).

233. Separate Companies of the Rifle Battalion

a. Machinegun Company. The machinegun platoons are nor-
mally attached to the rifle companies. The antiaircraft machine-
gun platoon is normally employed under battalion control to pro-
tect the most critical installations or areas in the battalion de-
fense area. One or more machinegun platoons may be assigned
primary antiaircraft missions depending on the enemy situation
and air threat.
b. Mortar Company. The mortar company is normally em-
ployed for general support of the rifle companies. Platoons may

AGO 8770B 121

be attached to the rifle companies if the defense area is too wide
to permit effective support of the battalion from one area.
c. Antitank Company. The platoons of the company are usually
attached to the rifle companies. One platoon, however, is nor-
mally retained under battalion control as part of the battalion
antitank reserve.
234. Conduct of the Defense
a. The battalion conduct of the defense is generally like that of
the rifle regiment (par. 225).
b. The rifle battalion, under cover of darkness or reduced visi-
bility, frequently moves to supplementary defense areas to thwart
enemy target acquisition. Small forces are left in the former
positions to simulate normal activity.

Section VIII. TANK AND MECHANIZED RIFLE DIVISIONS IN THE

DECENTRALIZED POSITION DEFENSE
235. General
Tank and mechanized rifle divisions are normally used for the
counterattack. The mechanized rifle division is used in the se-
curity zone and may, on rare occasions, be used in the main
defense zone when the rifle corps has an exceptionally wide front.
The tank division is not normally used for defense in position.
When intended for counterattack roles, mechanized rifle and
tank divisions are located in or near the probable areas of hostile
penetration. Counterattacks are carefully planned and coordi-
nated and are executed in accordance with the principles of the
offensive.
236. Mechanized Rifle Division in the Corps First Echelon
If the mechanized rifle division is employed in the corps first
echelon, it usually defends in the same general manner as a rifle
division. The medium tank battalions of the mechanized rifle
regiments are normally in the regimental second echelon. The
mechanized rifle division second echelon usually includes the me-
dium tank and heavy tank regiments. Unlike the rifle division,
the mechanized rifle division second echelon may be employed for
the counterattack.

Section IX. CENTRALIZED POSITION DEFENSE

237. General
a. The centralized position defense is used only under conditions
of nonatomic warfare where terrain features must be held and

122 AGO 3770B

adequate forces are available to permit mutual support between
strong points or defense areas. This type of defense is character-
ized by-
(1) Relatively small division reserves.
(2) Centralized control of artillery and air support.
(3) Extensive use of wire communications.
b. The centralized position defense is organized and conducted
generally as the decentralized position defense with these excep-
tions:
(1) Frontages and depths of defense areas at all echelons,
except army group, are reduced. The depth of the army
group area is unchanged.
(2) At division level, the second echelon is used for the
counterattack.

238. Defense Zones

a. Aggressor uses a characteristic four zone defense system in
the centralized position defense. Depths of zones are-
Security zone _--_-___--_
__-------- -__-___-___ _ 6 to 12 miles
Main defense zone ________________…____________ 6 to 10 miles
Second defense zone _____--_-------- ______----_ 6 to 10 miles
Rear defense zone ________-- __----__----------- 10 to 15 miles
b. The main defense zone, second defense zone, and the rear
defense zone contain prepared positions about 6,000 yards deep
in the forward portion of the respective zones.

239. Ideal Frontages and Depths of Typical Commands

Command Frontage Depth

Rifle company____________-400-800 yards _________---. 400-800 yards

Rifle battalion _______---- 1000-2,000 yards -__________1,000-2,000 yards
Rifle regiment ___________ 3,000-6,000 yards.___________2,000-4,000 yards
Rifle division -____________- 5-7 miles __-------___----- 4 miles
Rifle corps _______________-10-14 miles -___________---1__ 2-20 miles
Rifle army_______________-20-42 miles _______________- 22-35 miles

Section X. DEFENSE IN SUCCESSIVE POSITIONS

240. General
a. The aggressor defense in successive positions is comparable
to the U. S. concept of delaying action. It consists of a series
of generally parallel lines of defense over which delaying actions
are fought by minimum forces. The successive position defense
is characterized by-
AGO 3770B 123
(1) Shallow defensive areas normally located too far apart
to be mutually supporting.
(2) Decentralization in control of firepower with maximum
firepower in the leading echelons.
(3) Relatively large division reserve.
(4) Maximum use of combat deception measures.
(5) Maximum use of improvised obstacles.
(6) Withdrawal before becoming so heavily engaged that
troops cannot be extricated even if supported by nuclear
fires.
(7) Maximum use of limited armored counterattacks to per-
mit and cover disengagements.
(8) Use of surface burst nuclear weapons.
b. In the defense on successive positions mechanized rifle and
tank divisions are usually assigned defensive zones of action.
241. Use of Nuclear Fires
a. Nuclear fires are used extensively for-
(1) Attack of enemy reserves, particularly armored units.
(2) Interdiction of defiles. Prepositioned weapons are fre-
quently used.
(3) Destruction of nuclear delivery systems.
(4) Destruction of communication centers.
(5) Extrication of forces that are closely engaged (small
yield weapons).
(6) Denial of areas to the enemy by use of surface bursts.
b. Control of small yield nuclear fires and weapons is often
decentralized to divisions.

242. Obstacles
Maximum use is made of all types of obstacles. When chemical
warfare is started, extensive use is made of toxic persistent gases.
Forward of a line of defense and between defense areas, all roads
and tank approaches are mined or otherwise blocked with ob-
stacles. Minefields containing both antitank and antipersonnel
mines and defensive wire are placed along the immediate front
and on both flanks of each battalion defense area. Between lines
of defense, all roads and tank approaches are also mined. Lanes
are marked through these minefields to permit quick withdrawal
of friendly units.
243. Organization for the Defense in Successive Positions
a. All commands are generally organized into two echelons.
Strong points and defense areas are smaller and further apart.

124 AGO 3770B

The basic defense element is the motorized reinforced rifle bat-
talion or the reinforced mechanized rifle battalion.
b. Commands occupy two successive lines of defense simul-
taneously. First-echelon forces on the forward line are deployed
to cover the widest possible front and to deliver the maximum
long-range firepower. First-echelon positions are shallow and
provide only the minimum protection of flanks, rear, and critical
observation. The division first echelon usually consists of all regi-
ments. The division second echelon normally consists of a re-
inforced rifle battalion from each regiment and elements of the
antitank battalion and the medium tank regiment. The second
echelon occupies the next line of defense to the rear with the
reinforced rifle battalion behind its parent regiment. The second
echelon supports by fire, and when necessary by counterattack,
the withdrawal from the forward line of defense. When the units
from the forward line complete their withdrawal through the
line occupied by the second echelon, the division second echelon
assumes the responsibility for the defense of a part of the line
and a new second echelon is constituted.
c. Regiments normally have a second echelon of a reinforced
rifle company. Battalions usually have a rifle platoon and ele-
ments of attached self-propelled guns and medium tanks as a
second echelon. The battalion second echelon is located within the
battalion defense area and is used to eject minor enemy penetra-
tions and cover the withdrawal of the battalion.

244. Frontages and Depths

a. The frontages assigned to rifle, mechanized, and tank di-
visions depend on the terrain, composition of enemy forces, and
the total frontage to be defended by the larger force (corps or
army). Typical frontages for motorized units are-
Rifle battalion ___________------------------------- 3 to 4 miles
Rifle regiment ____________----------------------- 8 to 12 miles
Rifle or mechanized rifle division ___________________. 15 to 25 miles
Tank division ________________-_____---______--__- 15 to 20 miles
Rifle corps -----
_----_____--- -_______--___-...___ 32 to 60 miles
Rifle army_________________-___-------- _______-- 100 to 180 miles
Mechanized army ___________-____----------------- 50 to 75 miles
b. Divisions achieve depth by locating the second echelon on
the next line of defense to the rear. Under conditions of non-
active atomic warfare, distances between division lines of de-
fense range from 7,000 to 10,000 meters. Under conditions of
active atomic warfare, they are about the same.

AGO 3770B 125

245. Conduct of the Defense in Successive Positions
a. Units occupying defense areas open fire against the enemy
at maximum range with all available weapons. The mission is
to delay the enemy, to force him to deploy, to hinder the removal
of obstacles, and to inflict maximum personnel and equipment
losses. This accomplished, the units on order of their next su-
perior commander, rapidly withdraw under cover of all available
supporting fires to the next line of defense. Small detachments
are left behind to maintain contact with the enemy. Withdrawal
is completed before the unit becomes heavily engaged with the
enemy. Tank units, independently and jointly with rifle units,
may make shallow attacks to cover the withdrawal of troops to
the new line. Withdrawals by divisions from defense lines are
controlled by the rifle corps or the mechanized army as appro-
priate.
b. Penetrations are attacked from both flanks in an effort to fix
the enemy and destroy him with nuclear fires. Small yield nuclear
weapons are used extensively, including the surface-to-surface
fires of antiaircraft missile units within range. Ambushes re-
inforced by antitank weapons are used between the lines of defense.
c. In conducting a successive position defense against an enemy
superior in armor and motorized infantry, the Aggressor com-
mander creates a strong antitank defense, echeloned in depth,
with a highly developed and coordinated system of obstacles, espe-
cially on the flanks. Where possible, rifle and artillery are de-
ployed in areas with poor tank approaches. Tanks are used in
mass on the most important avenues of approach, for ambushes
and for surprise attacks against the enemy flanks. Supporting
aviation and nuclear fires are concentrated against approaching
tank and motorized units, especially when in defiles and when
breaching obstacles.

126 AGO 3770B

CHAPTER 11
ARTILLERY AND AIR SUPPORT IN THE DEFENSE

Section I. FIELD ARTILLERY

246. General
Artillery, including mortars, rockets, and missiles, is considered
by Aggressor as the main weapon of the defense. In all types
of defense, artillery fires are used to disrupt and weaken the
enemy so that the surviving elements can be destroyed by rifle and
armor troops in close combat. Nuclear fires are integrated into
the scheme of defensive fires. Control of artillery is patterned
to fit the requirements of the tactical situation.

247. Fire Missions

Artillery fire missions common to all types of defense are-
a. Fire against enemy march columns and troop concentrations.
b. Support of units in forward positions.
c. Interference with the deployment of the attacking enemy.
d. Counterpreparations.
e. Counterbattery and countermortar fire.
f. Firing of smoke against enemy observation posts.
g. Destruction of the enemy in front of the forward defense
areas.
h. Destruction of enemy units which have penetrated the
defenses.
i. Preparation fires for and support of counteroffensives and
counterattacks.

248. Organization for Combat

The organization for combat of field artillery in the defense is
similar to that for the offense as described in chapter 9. Groups
are located to be able to execute their primary mission and yet
be capable of massing their fires in support of the forward de-
fense positions, particularly against armor attack. Each artillery
battery, and where possible each piece, prepares a primary, alter-
nate, and night-firing position.
AGO 3770B 127
249. Planning and Control
a. Artillery plans are prepared at the highest artillery echelon
consistent with the tactical situation. Artillery plans are based
on continuous zones of fire forward of the leading defense areas.
Fires are also planned throughout the depth of the defenses and
include plans for massed fires on threatened defense areas.
b. The artillery commander develops a fire plan for each sector
covering all phases of the defense. This plan includes-
(1) Concentration by long-range artillery and nuclear de-
livery means on enemy artillery positions and nuclear
weapons delivery sites, approach routes, defiles, troop
concentrations and important installations in the enemy
rear.
(2) Massed fires on enemy tanks, assembly areas, command
posts, and observation posts.
(3) Direct fire against tanks which have penetrated the
position.
(4) Barrages in front of the forward defense areas and in
the depth of the main battle position.
(5) Fires in support of counterattacks.
c. Fire plans include a counterpreparation. The counterprepa-
ration, controlled by a carefully prepared fire plan and detailed
time schedule, starts usually on rifle corps order, when the enemy
moves into forward assembly areas and begins attack prepara-
tions. To obtain complete surprise, registration fires may be
prohibited. Atomic fires normally precede nonatomic artillery
counterpreparation.

Section II. ANTITANK ARTILLERY AND ANTITANK DEFENSE

250. General
Aggressor antitank defense is usually planned and coordinated
at army level. Division and regimental commanders are respon-
sible for the antitank defenses in their sectors. Antitank defense
is provided by antitank artillery units, antitank mines, tanks,
artillery, and obstacle placing detachments. In addition, air units
give high priority to attacks on hostile tanks. Antitank defense
plans are based on-
a. Locating defensive positions in terrain unfavorable for the
operation of armor.
b. Attachment of additional antitank units to frontline defen-
sive positions to cover the most dangerous avenues of approach.

128 AGO 3770B

In areas where there is a serious armored threat, 25 antitank
guns for every linear 1,000 yards of front may be used.
c. Placing extensive minefields on avenues of approach.
d. Destroying enemy armor with nuclear fires while in rear
areas and attack positions.
e. Concentrating artillery fire on enemy tanks as they approach
the defensive position and separating any accompanying infantry.
f. Opening fire with antitank guns on enemy tanks as they
approach within effective range.
g. Using artillery, antiaircraft artillery, tanks, and self-pro-
pelled guns in direct fire on tanks that have penetrated the defense
position.
h. Counterattacking armored penetrations with tanks and self-
propelled artillery.

251. Employment of Antitank Artillery

a. Rifle battalion antitank guns are usually located in concealed
positions within the areas of the rear platoons of forward rifle
companies and in the area of the battalion second echelon rifle
company. Fields of fire of antitank guns overlap and extend
300 to 400 yards forward of the strong point. Some antitank
guns may be located along the forward edge of strong points posi-
tioned to deliver flanking fire in front of the strong point.
b. Division antitank artillery adds depth to the antitank de-
fense. These weapons are sited to protect battalion antitank
guns from assault. Part of the division antitank artillery is held
in mobile reserve in rear of the division artillery positions, to be
moved to threatened sectors or to establish antitank positions in
depth.
c. Antitank artillery units from higher headquarters, when
allocated to a rifle division, are usually located in the division
reserve area, if not suballocated to first echelon regiments. Al-
ternate positions are prepared to meet enemy penetrations. These
antitank artillery units are deployed to form antitank strong
points consisting of mutually supporting platoon areas sited in
depth. The guns in an antitank platoon are located in a diamond
formation with about 200 yards between guns. Antitank artil-
lery units retained under army control are usually positioned in
the second defense zone.

252. Employment of Division Artillery-

a. Division artillery units are assigned the following antitank
tasks:
AGO 3770B 129
(1) Long-range fires.
(2) Concentrations on tanks in assembly areas and at lines
of departure.
(3) Creeping barrages.
(4) Fixed barrages.
b. Long-range fires are placed on approaching tank units to
cause dispersion, delay, and destruction. Ideal target areas are
defiles. All artillery and mortars are used for fires on tank assem-
bly areas and attack positions. They also fire creeping barrages
covering probable routes from the attack positions to the for-
ward edge of the defense areas. These barrages separate the
tanks from their accompanying infantry. When the attack
reaches the forward defense areas, the barrage may remain fixed
upon the last line to prevent reinforcements from coming up.
Creeping barrages begin as soon as the leading enemy tanks enter
the preselected area and are timed to move forward with the
enemy advance.
c. All field artillery pieces habitually have at hand several
rounds of armor-piercing ammunition. For antitank purposes, an
alternate position for each artillery piece is prepared in the vicin-
ity of each firing battery. The 80-mm and 120-mm guns are
particularly valuable in direct fire roles. Antiaircraft artillery
may also be employed in antitank roles if required.

253. Employment of Tanks and Self-Propelled Artillery

Aggressor self-propelled artillery pieces, 80-mm, 105-mm, and
150-mm are essentially armored fighting vehicles and are usually
so used. In antitank defense, tanks and self-propelled artillery
are normally used as part of counterattack forces against armored
penetrations. Aggressor medium tanks and self-propelled artil-
lery may support rifle battalions when it is believed the enemy
armor attack will be too strong for the normal antitank defenses.
Tanks and self-propelled guns may be employed to establish
ambushes for enemy tank units. These ambushes are set up in
horseshoe shape with the open side toward the enemy and on a
good avenue of approach. The positions are frequently dug in
and are always well concealed.

254. Employment of Mines and Obstacles

a. Aggressor makes extensive use of mines and obstacles both
in the offense and in the defense. In the offensive, mines are
used to cover positions held by reorganizing troops or to protect
flanks. Their greatest employment is in the defense against tanks,

130 AGO 3770B

vehicles, and personnel. Antitank minefields are laid with a
minimum average density of one mine per yard of front. Since
the average distance between mines is 3 yards, 3 rows of mines
are required for minimum density. Minefields are laid in great
depth.
b. Antitank minefields in the defense are normally placed in
belts across likely tank approaches about 400 yards in front of
the forward defenses, approaches to strong points, and approaches
to the division artillery areas. Controlled mines, detonated by
concealed observers, are placed in gaps in standard minefields
to be used by Aggressor units traversing the minefield. Delayed
mines are used along railroads, road intersections, destroyed
bridges, and in probable assembly areas and other localities where
enemy concentrations might take place. Antipersonnel mines are
laid on the approaches to, and within, antitank minefields.
c. Obstacles, other than mines are placed to cover all probable
enemy avenues of approach. Extensive improvisation is used.
Local civilian resources are used extensively in construction of
obstacles. Principal obstacles are antitank ditches, tank traps
and abatis. Obstacles and minefields are covered by fire whenever
possible.

Section III. ANTIAIRCRAFT ARTILLERY DEFENSE

255. General
The employment of antiaircraft artillery, guns and missiles, in
the defense and the offense differ little as antiaircraft missions
are defensive in nature. Generally, missiles are deployed by
batteries in lines across the width of the area. The number of
lines and density of units per line depend on the type of missile.
In this manner, Aggressor achieves an effective air defense in
depth. All missile units that are not used to make up the defen-
sive lines are deployed around critical installations to provide
additional protection. Because of their relatively short range,
antiaircraft guns continue to be used in concentric circles around
the defended area.

256. Employment in Rear Areas

a. Antiaircraft artillery guns in rear areas protect troop assem-
bly areas, lines of communication, logistical installations, artillery
position areas, and missile sites. In protecting troop assembly
areas and rear echelon installations, antiaircraft artillery guns
normally are deployed in concentric circles around the defended
AGO 3170B 131
area. The diameters of the circles depend on the extent of the
area to be defended and the number and range of the available
antiaircraft weapons.
b. The SARAH missile units are deployed as in paragraph 255,
and furnish long range, high altitude protection for critical in-
stallations within the army group area. A distance about two-
thirds of the maximum range of the weapon separates the bat-
teries. Only one battery at a time is out of action during move-
ments to new positions. These missiles can be used in a surface-
to-surface capacity if required.
c. The SAMMY missile units are normally deployed in a line
across the width of the area. This line is generally located imme-
diately behind the second defense zone. The launching batteries
are located at a distance about two-thirds the maximum range
of the weapon from each other. As the battle progresses,
forward displacement is by battery, with batteries moving about
25 to 40 miles. No more than one-sixth of the missile units
displace at one time. During withdrawals, displacement is by
regiment. Defensive firepower is maintained at all times.
d. The SALLY missile units are deployed throughout the area
to provide low altitude protection for critical installations and
troop assembly areas, and to complement the SAMMY missile
units. SALLY missiles normally are deployed in two lines. The
first line is near the rear of the main defense zone with a distance
between the batteries about one and one-half times the maximum
range of the weapon. The second line is located in the second
defense zone, and the distance between these batteries is about
two-thirds of the maximum range of the weapon. Withdrawal
operations are similar to those of the SAMMY missile regiments.
e. All positions are dug in and camouflaged. Alternate and
dummy positions are prepared. Movements and preparation of
emplacements are accomplished at night or other periods of
reduced visibility.

257. Employment in Forward Areas

a. In forward areas antiaircraft artillery protects troop con-
centrations, forward area installations, and lines of communica-
tion. Antiaircraft artillery is also used for ground fires, pri-
marily for direct fires.
b. In protecting troops deployed in forward areas, antiaircraft
artillery is usually deployed in lines. Antiaircraft machineguns
are used by platoons from 300 to 500 yards in rear of the protected

132 AGO 3770B

elements. Light antiaircraft guns (40-mm) are employed by
batteries on a line 1,000 to 1,500 yards from the forward ele-
ments. The distance between batteries is from 1,000 to 2,000
yards. The distance between platoons is from 100 to 150 yards.
The distance between individual pieces is at least 30 yards. The
medium antiaircraft guns (55-mm) are emplaced by batteries on
a line approximately from 2,000 to 3,000 yards from the forward
elements. The distance between batteries is also from 2,000 to
3,000 yards, and the distance between individual pieces is at least
30 yards. The 80-mm antiaircraft guns are emplaced by bat-
teries, either on a line or in a two by three rectangle, approxi-
mately 5,000 yards from the forward elements. The distance
between batteries is approximately equivalent to one-third the
maximum range of the weapon, and the distance between indi-
vidual pieces is at least 40 yards. Antiaircraft units are dug in
and camouflaged. Alternate and dummy positions are prepared.
If fire against ground targets is anticipated, special dual-purpose
emplacements are prepared. The depth of emplacements is such
that gunsights are protected from shell fragments.
c. In protecting assembly areas and forward installations, anti-
aircraft artillery is deployed in concentric circles. Distances
between the batteries, platoons, and individual pieces are the same
as those employed in linear defense. Heavy antiaircraft guns
(105-mm) are usually not employed further forward than the
location of corps artillery groups. They are deployed by bat-
tery in rings around the defended area with about 6,000 yards
between batteries.

258. Command
The commander of antiaircraft artillery is subordinate to the
artillery commander of the force. The artillery commander, not
the antiaircraft commander, changes the missions of the anti-
aircraft artillery and shifts its effort to ground support missions.
The commander of the antiaircraft artillery maintains communi-
cation with the artillery commander. The commander of the
organic antiaircraft artillery unit establishes the antiaircraft
warning service for the command.

259. Tactics
Antiaircraft artillery tactics are not stereotyped or passive.
Based on enemy tactics and habits, the antiaircraft artillery com-
mander maneuvers his batteries, uses ruses, and, in cooperation
with light aviation, lures enemy aircraft into firetraps.
AGO 3770B 133
260. Fire Control
In tracking individual targets, an antiaircraft artillery battery
fires as a unit from data computed by a rangefinder and director
or by radar and computer. In firing moving and stationary bar-
rages, the batteries use precalculated data based on anticipated
enemy actions. These fires can begin on order from the battalion
or higher headquarters, or if need be, can begin on order from
the battery commander. These barrages are used only when
tracking is impossible because of meteorological conditions or
other causes. In direct fire against land targets, fire is controlled
by individual gun commanders. When massed fire is desired, a
battery is used as the firing unit.

261. Support of Operations

a. In the offense antiaircraft artillery protects march columns,
units, and materiel in assembly and deployment areas, and sup-
ports the assault by fires against ground targets. During the
artillery preparation for the 'assault, antiaircraft artillery, in
addition to its primary mission, is used in fire against enemy
fortifications, firing positions, and observation posts. During the
assault, light antiaircraft artillery guns and machineguns accom-
pany the assault teams to protect them against air attacks.
Usually, antiaircraft weapons are concentrated in the sectors
where the assault is most successful.
b. In the defense, priority for antiaircraft protection is given
to major rear installations and rail centers. Divisional antiair-
craft units protect only selected installations or positions within
the division area. Priority in the division is in the order; division
artillery, second echelon forces, forward positions, and support
of counterattacks. Reinforcing or attached antiaircraft artillery
units assist in protection of first echelon forces and in support
of counterattacks. Direct and indirect observed fire against
ground targets is used as part of artillery counterpreparations.
Antiaircraft artillery guns are assigned targets whose destruc-
tion requires high velocity projectiles. Observed indirect fire
is controlled in the same manner as field artillery.

Section IV. AIR SUPPORT

262. General
Air forces in the defense use the same tactics as in the offense.
However, different types of missions are emphasized.

134 AGO 3770B

263. Missions
In supporting the defense, air armies carry out the following
specific missions:
a. Reconnaissance to locate enemy dispositions and to obtain
early warning of the direction and strength of attacks.
b. Attacks on enemy concentrations to include delivery of
nuclear fires.
c. Air strikes in close support of forces in contact.
d. Support of counterattacks.
e. Destruction of enemy nuclear delivery systems.
f. Destruction of enemy airbases.
g. Counterreconnaissance.
h. Attack of enemy penetrations.

264. Air-Ground Coordination and Priorities

Air-ground control posts are established in the same manner
as in the offense. Priority of air support is given to those units
in the path of major enemy forces. Priorities for air support are
established by the army group.

265. Mutual Air-Artillery Support

a. As in the offensive, artillery is supplemented by airpower
and, in turn assists air units. As the enemy approaches main
defense positions, artillery and the air force render mutual sup-
port by-
(1) Artillery marking air targets and neutralizing enemy
antiaircraft guns.
(2) Aircraft reporting to the artillery, targets which have
been spotted from the air but cannot be observed from
the ground.
b. Assignment of targets to the air force or the artillery de-
pends on the nature of the target and on the observation available
from the ground and in the air. Sorties to be flown within the
effective range of artillery fire are coordinated with the army
artillery commander. Air participation in counterpreparations
is coordinated by the rifle corps commander.
c. Air support of counterattacks is essentially the same as
support of an offensive. Air elements supporting counterattack-
ing forces are committed to action on orders of air liaison officers
with the ground force commander.

AGO 3770B 135

CHAPTER 12
DEFENSE AGAINST NUCLEAR EFFECTS AND TOXIC
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS

266. General
Aggressor has developed specific measures to reduce the effects
of blast, thermal, and radiation effects of nuclear weapons and
the effects of toxic chemical and biological agents against com-
mand structures, personnel and materiel. These measures are
detailed and complete, and are used by all units in all types of
operation, both in rear and forward areas, with technical assist-
ance of chemical and engineer troops. Such specific measures
are used in conjunction with other protective measures such as
continuous contact with the enemy, withdrawal from expected
target areas prior to enemy nuclear attack, dispersion, rapid
movement, camouflage, and deception.

267. Toxic Chemical and Biological Defense Measures

a. In order to insure adequate CW and BW protection, Ag-
gressor has developed a variety of means for individual and col-
lective protection. These include-
(1) Protective masks which afford respiratory protection
against all known chemical agents, as well as chemical
protective covers and special protective clothing for
operations in contaminated areas.
(2) Shelters for use of individuals, groups, small units, head-
quarters and command posts, and medical aid posts.
(3) Personal decontamination equipment, decontamination
stations, and medical facilities for evacuation as
required.
b. Aggressor organization and training for toxic chemical and
biological warfare protection is a responsibility of every com-
mander and is included in the planning and preparation for any
action. Training programs stress gas discipline and rapidity in
masking. Toxic chemical and biological defense measures are
applied continuously whether or not the threat of the use 6f
nuclear weapons exists.

136 AGO 3770B

c. Chemical and biological observation is conducted by all
troop units, and by chemical troops where available, on a con-
tinuous basis. The mission of observers is to determine enemy
preparations for chemical or biological attack and to warn units
upon indication or initiation of such attacks.

268. Defense Measures Against Nuclear Effects

Standard defense measures of this type are-
a. Concentration of the intelligence effort to determine the
enemy's intention to use nuclear weapons in specific areas.
b. Detection of radiological contamination.
c. Troop warning system.
d. Individual and unit measures to reduce nuclear effects when
subjected to nuclear fires.
e. A prescribed system to insure continuity of command and
operations.
f. Procedures for decontamination of personnel, weapons,
equipment, and supplies exposed to radiological contamination.

269. Responsibility for Nuclear Effects Defense Measures

a. The Aggressor intelligence organization is responsible for
detecting enemy intentions regarding the use of nuclear weapons.
Regimental and higher headquarters are responsible for insuring
uninterrupted control of operations.
b. Chemical troops are used for-
(1) Detecting radiological contamination and surveying of
areas to determine the extent and intensity of contamina-
tion
(2) Warning troops of the presence of contamination.
(3) Assisting in training of troops in nuclear effects defense
measures.
(4) Supplying protective equipment and radiation survey
instruments and personnel to units.
c. Engineer troops are used for-
(1) Selecting and preparing sites for attack positions, de-
ployment areas, command posts, and rear area installa-
tions which offer maximum passive defense against the
effects of nuclear weapons.
(2) Clearing debris resulting from nuclear attacks.
(3) Constructing and maintaining roads, bridges, and de-
tours necessary to bypass areas made unusable by effects
of nuclear fires.

AGO 3770B 137

(4) Decontaminating routes through areas subjected to
radiological contamination.
(5) Testing water sources to detect nuclear contamination
and decontaminating water supplies when necessary.

270. Radiological Reconnaissance

a. Unit commanders are responsible for radiological monitor-
ing. It is performed on a continuous basis whether or not nuclear
weapons have been used. The actual monitoring is done by the
chemical troops of the unit under the supervision of the unit chem-
ical officer. Chemical and biological reconnaissance are carried
out concurrently.
b. Three types of radiological reconnaissance are-
(1) Chemical observation posts. These posts consist of 3
individuals who periodically check their unit areas for
the presence of radioactivity and chemical agents. There
is at least one post per battalion. The battalion com-
mander is responsible for warning his unit and higher
headquarters.
(2) Dosimeter patrols. Four or more dosimeter patrols are
formed by the chemical detachment of each regiment.
Each patrol contains an officer or noncommissioned
officer and 3 to 5 enlisted men. They operate on foot,
or use motorcycles, vehicles, armored carriers, tanks
or aircraft to carry out radiological survey for the regi-
ment. These patrols have more elaborate detection
equipment than chemical observation post personnel.
(3) Individual radiological specialists. These personnel or
teams are attached to advance guard, reconnaissance,
security, quartering, or any other special details which
may need the services of personnel trained in radio-
logical detection methods.

271. Warning Systems

Aggressor uses two types of nuclear effects warning systems.
One system warns of the presence of radiation and the other
warns of the imminent use of friendly delivered nuclear weapons.
Chemical troops issue the warning of radiological contamination,
using all available means of communication. Care is taken to in-
sure that every soldier is warned. Warning of the imminent use of
nuclear weapons uses the air warning service system.

138 AGO 3770B

272. Individual and Unit Protective Measures
Continuous individual measures for protection against nuclear
effects include the use of cover and concealment, chemical pro-
tective clothing and equipment, and the use of special protective
clothing for decontamination work. Unit measures consist of
extensive use of camouflage, night operations, dispersion, con-
struction of shelters and installations capable of withstanding
the effect of nuclear weapons, and alternate command posts.
Engineer troops assist in the construction of suitable trench works
and shelters. Elaborate underground shelters are prepared when-
ever possible.

273. Decontamination
Aggressor employs either complete or partial decontamination.
Neither type is used if it interferes with the unit mission. If
possible, units are relieved and moved to the rear for decon-
tamination. Every unit prepares detailed decontamination plans.
Complete decontamination is performed only in the rear areas
after the unit has been relieved. Partial decontamination is done
at unit level to the extent of available time and equipment.

274. Fire Prevention and Damage Clearing Measures

Aggressor units form special fire-fighting details and prepare
plans to limit the damage created by fires caused by nuclear
effects. Positions are made as fireproof as possible. Areas sub-
jected to nuclear attack are cleared of refuse and rubble as soon
as possible. Combat units do as much of this work as possible.
Engineer troops perform major repair, debris removal and area
decontamination. Chemical and medical troops handle other de-
contamination and treatment of casualties.

AGO 3770B 139

CHAPTER 13
SPECIAL OPERATIONS

Section I. AIRBORNE OPERATIONS

275. General
Aggressor considers airborne forces as an offensive arm for
use in special types of operations and as invaluable adjuncts to
all types of operations under atomic warfare conditions. Air-
borne operations are conducted in connection with other ground
forces operations. Operations involving airborne forces of corps
strength are usually controlled directly by the army group or
regional command. Airborne divisions are usually reinforced
with appropriate GHQ units as required by the situation. A
SALLY antiaircraft artillery missile battalion is usually attached
to each airborne division. Airborne tasks are of short term
nature and usually require the link-up of the airborne force with
other ground forces within 2 or 3 days. Helicopters are used for
many airborne operations. Rifle and mechanized division troops
are trained in air-landed operations.

276. Missions of Airborne Forces

a. Aggressor airborne missions support operations of specific
ground units. Airborne missions are executed by separate air-
borne divisions, regiments, and battalions, employed independ-
ently or as part of an airborne corps. Typical airborne missions
are-
(1) Support of ground troops in surrounding or destroying
an enemy force.
(2) Seizure of defiles and sectors in enemy rear areas to
prevent his withdrawal, blocking of reinforcements, or
facilitating the advance of friendly ground forces.
(3) Seizure of the area of a proposed junction of two ground
forces columns in order to expedite the final stages of
an envelopment and to prevent the escape of enemy
forces.
(4) Seizure of river crossing sites deep in enemy territory
to deny them to the enemy and to facilitate the advance
of Aggressor forces.

140 AGO 3770B

(5) Destruction or capture of important command and com-
munication centers.
(6) Seizure of coastal areas to secure landing sites for sea-
borne troops.
(7) Reconnaissance missions deep within enemy lines.
(8) Support of night combat operations by seizing objectives
to be occupied by advancing ground forces.
(9) Seizure of water and fuel supplies in the enemy rear
when operating in desert or thinly populated areas
where such supplies are scarce.
(10) Outflanking of mountainous areas or enemy fortified
areas in order to isolate the enemy.
(11) Sabotage or seizure of enemy nuclear weapons sites and
forward airbases from which aircraft delivering nuclear
weapons can operate.
b. Airborne missions of strategic significance are carried out
in support of the army group or regional command. Missions of
this type usually involve large airborne forces. Typical strategic
missions are-
(1) Seizure or destruction of important industrial targets,
centers of communication, electrical power production
and distribution centers, and nuclear weapons storage
areas.
(2) Seizure or destruction of centers of government or other
important control centers.
(3) Capture or destruction of important experimental, test-
ing, production, or storage facilities for nuclear, chemi-
cal or biological weapons and agents.

277. Employment of Airborne Corps

Airborne troops may be employed in corps strength. In the
initial phases of a major offensive, the airborne corps may be em-
ployed for destruction of road and rail communications and
seizure of terrain to prevent the enemy from moving reserves and
supplies. During the penetration phase of the attack, the air-
borne corps may be used to occupy positions in rear of the enemy
defensive zone in order to isolate the battle area.

278. Reconnaissance for Conduct of Operations

The army group's reconnaissance plan provides for the possi-
bility of airborne assaults in the enemy rear. Once it has been
decided to launch an airborne operation, extensive reconnaissance
AGO 3770B 141
takes place. The first object of reconnaissance is to select suit-
able objectives and drop zones, and then to reconnoiter for all
enemy forces and defenses within striking range of the area
chosen. Reconnaissance is carried out by air, clandestine agents,
and by parachutists. The latter are given the minimum informa-
tion about forthcoming operations. Other groups of parachutists
are often dropped outside the area of a proposed operation as a
deceptive measure.

279. Flight
Routes are chosen to avoid enemy antiaircraft and fighter de-
fenses, and to reach the objective as soon as possible. Secrecy
and deception are emphasized. If the commander of an airborne
regiment or higher unit receives information during flight to the
effect that the air or ground situation has altered, he may change
the drop zone or landing point of his unit. His decision is re-
ported to the next higher commander without delay.

280. Landing
Aggressor airborne troops can be dropped in any season of the
year and at any time of the day. Flight and landing by night
are usually carried out only by small independent units. Troops
are dropped from minimum safe heights and supplies follow
immediately after them. Supplies are normally dropped from
heights of from 300 to 600 feet. Supply-carrying aircraft nor-
mally fly at from 3 to 5 minutes behind troop-carrying aircraft.
Parachutes are either concealed or destroyed after landing.
Gliders and aircraft land as soon as the necessary ground has been
secured by paratroops.

281. Conduct of Operation

a. Nuclear fires may precede the airborne assault. After land-
ing, airborne troops overcome any local enemy resistance and
then occupy previously selected areas. Their employment is then
centralized or decentralized, depending on their mission and
situation. The first airborne wave contains a specially trained
detachment to seize all communications means in the objective
area to prevent the enemy from learning about the landing, and
to spread false information.
b. Decentralized action is used in large areas to disorganize
enemy control and command, to hinder movements of troops and
supplies, and to destroy small enemy detachments. The force
is divided into battalions, platoons, and even squads which are

142 AGO 3770B

allotted independent tasks. Provision is made to assemble the
force if necessary.
c. In airborne operations of larger units, several airborne
assaults are made in different localities. The more successful of
these assaults are reinforced and subsequently merged into one
airhead if adequate dispersion can be maintained. When the
assaults do not meet with initial success, the surviving airborne
units conduct guerilla type operations until they are rescued or
return to friendly lines.
d. Long-range missile units are used extensively to support
air-borne operations with either nuclear or nonnuclear fires.

282. Logistics
a. Resupply is by air, usually by night or at dawn. Supply
dumps are established in uninhabited places and under cover.
Technicians equipped to carry out minor repairs accompany the
force. Troops are trained in the use of captured enemy weapons,
vehicles, and equipment.
b. Medical aid stations are set up in concealed localities.
Wounded are evacuated by air, if possible, and usually at night.
Normally, airborne units rely on link-up with ground forces so
that the wounded may be evacuated by the organizational means
of the link-up forces.

283. Air Support During Operation

Fighter aircraft escort the transport aircraft. During the land-
ing, fighters protect the landing zone from enemy air attack, en-
gage enemy antiaircraft positions, give close support to the troops
that have landed, engage approaching enemy reserves, and pro-
vide smoke screens when required. Bombers may also be allotted
for close support and for delivery of nuclear fires. Attack air-
craft provide close support to the landed units.

Section II. AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS

284. General
a. Aggressor's amphibious tactics and material are similar to
those of the United States. His amphibious landings are gen-
erally carried out in direct support of ground operations. Typical
missions are-
(1) Seizure of important objectives in enemy rear areas.
(2) Seizure of areas which cannot be captured through direct
ground action.

AGO 3770B 143

(3) Aid in completing encirclements.
(4) Carrying out of raids and sabotage.
(5) Collection of intelligence.
b. Nuclear weapons are used to destroy enemy short batteries
and fixed coastal defenses, and to protect beachheads from
counterattack. Aggressor may use airborne forces in coordina-
tion with amphibious landings.

285. Troops Employed

Aggressor amphibious operations are carried out by specially
trained ground and naval forces. Army ground forces rarely
exceed corps size. One or more naval rifle battalions are usually
attached to each ground division for the operation.

286. Command
Landings in direct support of an army group operation are
usually carried out under control of the army group commander.
Other landings are usually under naval command. In any case,
once a beachhead is established, control of the operation is trans-
ferred to the commander of the ground forces that participated
in the landing.

287. Defense Against Amphibious Operations

a. Aggressor coastal defense or counteramphibious operations
involve ground, naval, and air forces, with nuclear support, to
include the surface-to-surface fires of antiaircraft missile units
within range. Aggressor coastlines are fortified with fixed and
mobile artillery, with ground defenses protected against enemy
nuclear attack, and with underwater and onshore obstacles at all
points where enemy landings are feasible. The main line of
defense is the first high ground paralleling the shoreline.
b. Ground forces to defend coastal areas are designated by the
army group controlling the coastal area. The army group con-
trols all naval, ground, and air elements assigned to the coastal
defense. In those areas which are not within an army group
zone, a special combined arms force under naval command defends
the area. A rifle corps engaged in coastal defense will usually be
assigned an area comparable in width and depth to a rifle corps
defense area in a decentralized position defense. If there is an
extremely good road net in the coastal area, a wider front may
be assigned.
c. Units defending coastal sectors organize their defenses into

144 AGO 3770B

two echelons. The first echelon contains rifle divisions, field and
coastal artillery units, and an armored counterattack reserve.
This echelon prevents enemy landings and the establishment of a
beachhead. The second echelon and reserves consist largely of
armored units, or the mechanized division of the rifle corps. Its
mission is to combat enemy airborne landings and to counter-
attack major lodgements.
d. Aggressor uses clandestine agents, long-range aerial and
naval reconnaissance, to locate enemy amphibious forces. When
detected, the enemy amphibious force is subjected to attack. Air
and naval forces attack before the enemy beach assault is
launched. The enemy forces that succeed in landing are cut off
from further support from the sea and destroyed.

Section III. COMBAT IN SNOW AND EXTREME COLD

288. General
a. Aggressor forces are trained and equipped to operate in ex-
treme cold and heavy snow. Cold is counteracted by the following
methods:
(1) Troops are kept under shelter as much as possible. Im-
provised shelters are used whenever troops occupy tem-
porary positions. Inhabited localities are avoided.
(2) Special clothing is used.
(3) Strong points and pillboxes are heated.
(4) Attacking troops move from improvised shelters in as-
senm.bly areas to the line of departure at the last moment.
(5) Tanks, vehicles, and guns are inclosed as much as possi-
ble with snow walls and branches of trees.
(6) Warming posts are established all along lines of com-
munication and in rest areas, where drivers can stop
and warm themselves.
(7) Casualty clearing stations are sited well forward so that
wounded can be treated early.
(8) Helicopters are widely used for casualty evacuation.
b. Aggressor army considers that only tanks with special snow
tracks and rifle units on skis can operate in snow 2 feet deep and
that 3 feet of snow is the upper limit for possible movement. All
units improvise sleds for machineguns and mortars, and for
carrying supplies. Artillery is fitted with runners, and tractors
may have spikes fitted to their tracks.

AGO 3770B 145

289. Ski Troops
a. Ski troops are characterized by their high mobility. They
are able to move across country and appear suddenly in enemy
rear areas. Although possessing great firepower for close com-
bat, ski units are not suitable for attack of strong defensive
installations and fortifications nor for use in sustained defense.
b. Ski units achieve surprise in attack by deep envelopment of
enemy flanks, infiltration between enemy strong points, and by
effective counterreconnaissance and security measures. Ski units
pursue and destroy a retreating enemy. When the enemy suc-
ceeds in organizing a defense, ski units maintain contact until
they are relieved by rifle units.
c. Ski units can carry out operations at great distances from
their own bases under difficult and quickly changing circum-
stances. Their operations must be carefully coordinated with
other arms, especially aviation and artillery. A ski unit can
operate up to about 4 days while separated from its base.
d. Ski units, up to battalion size, are able to carry out recon-
naissance deep in the enemy rear. Such units may operate jointly
with guerilla detachments. Ski units reach enemy rear areas by
infiltrating in small groups by moving around exposed flanks,
or through gaps created by attacking forces. Isolated routes are
used when possible. Laying of false ski trails to conceal the true
direction of movement of ski units headed into enemy rear areas
is accomplished by special designated elements. While moving
toward enemy rear areas, ski units seek to avoid combat with
strong forces. Small enemy groups interfering with accomplish-
ment of the mission are destroyed. When the ski unit cannot
avoid combat with a strong enemy force, it attacks the enemy
quickly and with full force. If the attack fails, a part of the
force may be left to harass, confuse, and contain the enemy while
the main force disengages.
e. When operating in enemy rear areas, assembly points, in
close proximity to the objective, are established before the attack.
When action is broken off, small groups, under cover of darkness
or broken terrain, assemble at the previously designated assembly
point or points.

290. Artillery
Movement of motorized artillery in snow more than 12 inches
deep is usually confined to roads. Aggressor artillery may be
mounted on sleds. Corduroy and mat roads may be prepared to
allow movement of artillery. Tractors are often equipped with

146 AGO 3770B

grousers. In snow less than 12 inches deep, cross-country move-
ment is possible but engineers may have to break a path. Mor-
tars and rockets having greater mobility than towed artillery are
used extensively in areas of snow and extreme cold.

291. Tanks and Self-Propelled Guns

Tanks and self-propelled artillery are frequently used to replace
towed field artillery because of greater maneuverability in snow.
Aggressor equips tanks with grousers for movement over slippery
terrain. In addition, special mats are used for movement over
snow slopes. Since tank tracks are clearly visible in fresh snow,
Aggressor moves tanks in column during the night, or in a snow-
storm. Often the last tank in the column will drag sleds or trees
to erase the tracks and create the appearance of an ordinary trail.

292. Offensive Operations-General

The objectives of offensive operations remain unchanged.
Seizure of road nets and envelopment tactics are of greater im-
portance. Offensive operations are often conducted during blind-
ing snowstorms or at night to achieve surprise. Lines of de-
parture are as close to the enemy as possible to avoid tiring the
troops before the assault. Before an assault, trenches are cleared
of snow and are extended as close as possible to enemy positions,
sometimes encircling them. Attacking troops use these trenches
and leave them only at the last moment.

293. Defensive Operations

a. The organization of the defense is generally unchanged. Ex-
tensive use is made of snow and ice obstacles. Defense installa-
tions avoid inhabited areas. Adequate troop shelter is provided
to maintain combat efficiency.
b. The conduct of the defense is generally unchanged. . During
an enemy attack, Aggressor artillery slows the advance by inter-
dicting roads and thus forcing the enemy to advance across coun-
try. Counterattacks are carried out in the usual manner except
they are more shallow because of terrain and climate. Aggressor
counterattacks, if possible, uses ski units to move downhill with
the wind and sun at their backs.

Section IV. COMBAT IN WOODS AND SWAMPS

294. General
Operations in wooded and swampy terrain are carried out by
small self-sufficient units. Objectives are roads, clearings, road
AGO 3770B 147
junctions, small woods, heights, and inhabited places. Engage-
ments occur at short distances, visibility is limited, observation is
difficult, and infiltration by small units is relatively easy. Move-
ment of large forces is canalized; supply and evacuation must take
place over the same routes. Large-scale offensives under condi-
tions of atomic warfare bypass extensive wooded or swampy
areas.

295. Swamp Crossing

In crossing swamps, Aggressor makes maximum use of local
resources for the construction of improvised aids. Many im-
provisations have been developed into standard methods. Some
of these methods are-
a. The individual soldier uses short branches or bunches of
twigs to make 2 mats about 2 yards long and from 20 to 30
inches wide. He crosses the swamp by alternately placing one
and carrying the other. A rifle squad uses similar methods and
larger mats.
b. Floating bridges are constructed from light logs and
branches. These bridges will support light antitank guns.
c. Diagonally constructed floating corduroy roads, from 7 to
8 yards wide, will support from 8 to 10 tons. A similar bridge,
about 2 to 3 yards wide, can be used by a motorized column.

296. Employment of Rifle Units

Rifle units usually operate in self-sufficient units of reinforced
rifle battalion size. Rifle companies attack in a line of platoons.
Second echelons are closer to the first echelon. Flanks and lines
of communication are protected. Rifle units are used in small
groups (platoon or smaller) to infiltrate and prepare ambushes.
Direct-fire artillery weapons are attached to rifle battalions.
High-trajectory weapons are normally retained under centralized
control.

297. Employment of Armor

Aggressor considers that the effort expended in making possible
a tank maneuver in apparently inaccessible terrain is warranted
by the surprise achieved. After careful terrain and route recon-
naissance, engineer and rifle units construct river and swamp
bridges, fill holes, and, when necessary, lay corduroy roads.
Tank units are assigned special engineer and rifle detachments
which follow the tanks. A typical tank assault team consists of
an engineer squad, a tank platoon and 1 or 2 rifle platoons.

148 AGO 3770B

298. Defensive Use of Swamps
Small swamps are integrated into the system of defensive ob-
stacles. Large swamps are used to cover frontal or flank ap-
proaches to the main defensive zone. The battle outpost line
is placed within the swamp. Artificial islands of logs and
branches are used to float security detachments and forward ob-
servation posts. The main defense zone may be established within
a large swamp area.

Section V. NIGHT COMBAT

299. General
a. Aggressor prefers night operations when terrain, dense
minefields, and other obstacles eliminate the possibiilty of sur-
prise and will cause heavy casualties in daytime operations.
Round-the-clock operations are habitual in order to maintain the
uninterrupted momentum of the offensive. Aggressor units are
well trained in night operations. Objectives for night attacks
unsupported by nuclear fires may be as deep as 5 to 10 miles.
b. Aggressor units are equipped with devices to aid in night
fighting. These devices include gun laying telescopes, night
viewers, night driving and aiming equipment, and sniperscopes.
Battlefield illumination is used frequently to help night attacks.
Airdropped flares may be used to illuminate enemy positions.

300. Timing of Night Attacks

The attack is launched at a time when the enemy least expects
it or is least ready to repel it. For example, after a quiet period,
the attack might be launched at 0200 hours, or after a hard day's
fighting, at 2300 hours when tired enemy troops will be seeking
rest. Apart from the consideration of surprise, the attack may
begin 2 or 3 hours before dawn to permit daylight exploitation
of success.

301. Preparation and Planning

Preparations for night attacks are made in detail. Night attack
plans are based on careful reconnaissance, simplicity of maneuver,
speed of execution, and surprise. Two phase lines are selected.
The first is located within the forward defense area of the enemy.
The first phase line is used to regroup assault teams and establish
coordination with the supporting artillery for the attack of the
next objective. The second phase line is so selected that its cap-
ture will force the enemy to displace his divisional artillery.
AGO 3770B 149
Orientation points for rifle and tank units are carefully desig-
nated.

302. Conduct of Attack

a. The deployment area is occupied secretly during twilight
hours so that the commanders of assault teams may familiarize
themselves with orientation points, phase lines, and avenues of
approach. To achieve surprise, artillery preparation is often
omitted during the initial assault.
b. The rifle battalion attacks in a single echelon preceded by a
small advance guard. Rifle companies are deployed in line, each
company being deployed in a line of platoons. Individual rifle-
men wear white armbands. Squads advance in wedge formation.
c. If the assault zone is narrow (500 to 600 yards), a rifle bat-
talion may attack in two echelons. The second echelon then
consists of a reinforced rifle company whose mission is to protect
the flanks of the battalion. For raiding missions, a special de-
tachment is formed to evacuate captured documents, equipment,
and prisoners. The assault team principle is followed in group-
ing elements of the rifle battalion. For example, rifle assault
teams include company and battalion weapons and engineers, .as
required by the mission of each assault team.
d. Tanks are frequently employed in night attacks with rifle
units. Careful terrain reconnaissance and close cooperation with
rifle units are considered essential for successful use of tanks at
night. Each tank is assigned a route, mission, and to a specific
rifle assault team. Several riflemen are assigned to each tank
to aid its crew in locating antitank weapons and obstacles. When
the situation permits, tank headlights and searchlights are used
to illuminate enemy firing points, to blind the enemy, and to
assist obstacle-clearing parties.

Section VI. PARTISAN OPERATIONS

303. General
a. In partisan operations, Aggressor uses generally accepted
methods to reduce the enemy's combat effectiveness. Partisan
operations are based on the concept of working against an enemy
from within and then striking ruthlessly at his weakest point.
Supporters of the Circle Trigon Party provide a worldwide net-
work of undercover movements which are at the continuous dis-
posal of the Aggressor Armed Forces High Command. In the
event of hostilities, these party sympathizers make an easy tran-

150 AGO 3770B

sition to partisan forces. Partisan tactics are generally hit-and-
run actions with limited objectives. The purpose of these attacks
is to etxend the depth of the combat zone by diverting combat
troops to security missions and to disrupt the enemy's supply
communication networks.
b. Aggressor stresses that successful partisan operations de-
pend on a sympathetic local population and terrain suitable for
concealing the partisan bands. The absence of either or both of
these factors reduces the chances of a successful Aggressor
partisan movement. Official Aggressor histories, books on par-
tisan achievements, and songs about partisan heroes have all
been aimed at making the Aggressor partisan a romantic legend.

304. Organization
a. There are two types of Aggressor partisan groups. One
arises spontaneously in enemy-held territory, and the other is
specifically trained in the Aggressor's rear area to be infiltrated
into the enemy's rear. Partisan groups are usually small at first.
As they consolidate, the size of detachments grow to about 50 to
200. The majority of the personnel comprising the detachments
are civilians who join the partisans voluntarily. However, im-
pressment is not uncommon. These light and mobile groups have
proven to be most effective. These groups eventually form basic
subdivisions of brigades. The brigade normally contains a
strengh of from 400 to 3,000. This flexible organization permits
considerable latitude in the type of partisan operation to be
accomplished.
b. The staff of partisan groups includes a commander, a chief
of staff, and a political officer. The identity and whereabuts
of these individuals are kept as a closely guarded secret even in
some instances from members of the group. The political officer
is not only responsible for political indoctrination of the personnel
but also with ferreting out the politically unreliable and enemy
agents infiltrated into the detachment. He may be assisted by
3 or 4 specially trained counterintelligence agents.

305. Personnel
a. Generally, the rural and poorer city dwellers, former soldiers,
and fanatical idealists comprise the bulk of the partisan forces.
The more prosperous and sophisticated groups usually prefer to
support the movement in a covert role or join after the movement
is strong. As a general rule, the Aggressor partisan is at least
a semispecialist. His trade requires such technical abilities as
AGO 3770B 151
good marksmanship and intimate knowledge of explosives and
communications. An Aggressor partisan is tough, clever and
usually fanatical.
b. Partisans' ranks include active fighters as young as 11 and
as old as 80. The young, the old, and the women partisans serve
mainly as scouts, couriers, low level espionage agents, and service
forces. Many of the partisan leaders are either Aggressor army
regulars or Circle Trigonists. Others are former civic leaders
and battle-tested veterans. Aggressor prefers to utilize a strong
local leader as a focal point around which determined resistance
may be organized. If such a leader lacks military background,
Aggressor may infiltrate qualified personnel to serve as military
and technical advisers. Thus, the military capabilities of the
partisan forces are exploited efficiently without destroying the
command structure of an established organization.

306. Supplies and Equipment

a. Initially, most partisan supplies are secured locally or from
supplies abandoned by the retreating Aggressor armies. Ag-
gressor has been known to leave caches of supplies for possible use
of partisans. Because of the ease of obtaining ammunition Ag-
gressor partisans prefer enemy weapons. Partisans have been
known to capture and utilize enemy tanks and armored cars.
Partisan weapons vary almost as much as does the size of each
unit. The most commonly used weapons are automatic rifles, light
machineguns, and light mortars. Demolitions are usually of the
homemade variety and include box charges, antitank mines, and
"Molotov Cocktails." It may be expected that partisan units
controlled by Aggressor organizers may employ man portable
nuclear demolitions on a limited scale.
b. Aggressor, if possible, resupplies partisan units by air.
Weapons, ammunition, and medical supplies are generally air-
dropped. In some instances, the partisan controlled area is large
enough and sufficiently secure to justify the construction of land-
ing strips.
c. Partisans obtain food from the local population, through a
levy system or donations, and from raids on enemy food stocks.
The clothing worn is mostly of a civilian nature, though Aggressor
and enemy uniforms are frequently used.

307. Training
a. The Aggressor partisan is usually given basic training in
weapons, security, fieldcraft, and political indoctrination. The

152 AGO 3770B

training is accomplished, when possible, at concealed bases not
readily accessible to enemy forces. Under conditions where train-
ing organizations and bases are not available, partisan training
is accomplished by active participation in operational missions.
b. Advanced and specialized training in partisan schools
stresses sabotage and low level espionage and continued political
indoctrination. The following subjects are covered:
(1) Demolitions (including use of nuclear demolitions and
attack of airfields).
(2) Communications.
(3) Tactics.
(4) Intelligence nets.
(5) Counterintelligence.

308. Tactics
a. The principal tasks of Aggressor partisans are to disrupt
the enemy's logistical system, to destroy the enemy's forces, to
engage in counterpropaganda, to locate nuclear weapons delivery
systems and storage sites, and to furnish intelligence to the
Aggressor Armed Forces. Aggressor has efficient communica-
tions between partisan groups and the regular forces. The out-
standing characteristics of partisan attacks are thorough recon-
naissance, excellent camouflage, surprise night attacks, initiative
in action, and speedy withdrawals. The partisans' will to resist
and their determination to inflict damage, regardless of infrac-
tions of international conventions, compensate in part for deficien-
cies in equipment and number. The success of partisan opera-
tions depend upon the ability of the commander to act independ-
ently under entirely unexpected conditions. New tactics are
developed continually to meet these needs.
b. Some specific tactics developed by Aggressor are as follows:
(1) Railroad tracks are destroyed over large areas. Multiple
breaks are made in areas where relatively large groups
of partisans can keep the track out of operation for long
periods of time. Isolated destruction of railroad tracks
is accomplished by smaller teams or individuals in those
areas not accessible to large partisan forces. Destruc-
tion of railroad tracks is coordinated to insure that
breaks are repetitive and, where possible, are made in
areas accessible to repair crews with difficulty. Parti-
sans breaching rail lines use security elements on the
flanks, along the tracks, and on roads leading to the
area. Withdrawals from the area are carefully planned
AGO 3770B 153
to avoid fire fights. Rendezvous points are established
for control of the withdrawal. Partisans may attack
rolling stock simultaneously with demolition of rails.
Heavier weapons are used in such attacks and measures
are taken to avoid becoming heavily engaged with well-
armed forces. Partisans also harass repair crews with
small arms and other fires to lower morale and slow rail
reconstruction.
(2) Partisans attack bridges by demolition and elimination
of bridge guards. Man-portable nuclear demolitions
may be used against large and critical bridges.
(3) Partisans use mines and roadblocks to attack vehicle
road traffic. Mines placed in defiles and covered by fire
are extensively used. Demolitions are used to cause
landslides blocking roads and bridges. Wires are fre-
quently stretched across roads at appropriate heights
to disable drivers. Wires are usually located just around
blind curves.
(4) Wire communications are destroyed by fire and cutting.
Radio communications are disrupted by attack of power
sources.
(5) Partisans attack water supply systems by use of ex-
plosives and atomic munitions. The effect on civilian
populations is considered before such attacks are made.
Pipelines carrying oil and natural gas are attacked by
weapons fire as well as demolitions. Contaminating
agents are frequently injected into pipelines. Storage
tanks are attacked by incendiary projectiles.
(6) Isolated tanks, guard posts, and small supply installa-
tions are favorite targets for partisan attack. Attack
of such targets is usually made by stealth. Overt attacks
against such targets usually are based on use of diver-
sionary, destruction, and security elements.

Section VII. MOUNTAIN OPERATIONS

309. General
Mountainous terrain seriously limits military activity by chan-
nelizing maneuver, complicating control and fire support, reducing
communications efficiency, impairing logistical support, and pro-
viding the defender with excellent observation. Aggressor does
not consider large-scale use of atomic fires in mountains to be
practical.

154 AGO 3770B

310. Concept
Aggressor considers that the principles of the offensive and
the defensive are applicable in mountain warfare with some
modifications necessary because of the nature of the area. Flank
security is emphasized. Second echelons are echeloned in depth
and follow the first eche'on ready for action at any threatened
point to meet enemy counterattacks in minimum time. The nor-
mal maneuver of Aggressor units in the mountains is a com-
bined frontal and flanking attack, the latter being executed by a
force larger than that employed frontally. Efforts are made to
avoid enemy's outposts, to infiltrate through enemy positions and
emerge in enemy rear areas. Simultaneous attacks are then made
from several directions on principal strong points.

311. Characteristics of Mountain Operations

Characteristics of mountain operations common to both the
offensive and the defensive are:
a. Gaps between friendly sectors which may be occupied by
the enemy are blocked by second echelon forces to counter enemy
attempts to envelop, outflank, or infiltrate through the gap.
b. Snipers play an important role in preparing ambushes and
infiltrating through enemy lines. Close fighting with small arms
and hand-to-hand fighting are of increased importance. Since
combat in mountains frequently assumes a piecemeal character,
initiative on the part of subordinate commanders is stressed.
c. Whenever conditions permit, narrow-gage railroads are built
for divisions and larger commands for transporting supplies and
evacuating casualties. Tractors are used in large numbers to
haul supplies over difficult areas. Air supply is used extensively.
Regimental and division supply and evacuation installations are
located well forward. The division service area is within 2 hours
foot march of the first echelon regiments.

312. Employment of Weapons

Heavy machineguns, heavy mortars, field guns, and light artil-
lery follow rifle units closely. Uninterrupted ammunition supply
is of primary importance. Direct-fire artillery plays an important
part in mountain fighting. Guns of various types are located on
forward mountain slopes for direct fire. In operations against a
strong enemy defensive position, artillery control is centralized
at regimental and division levels. In pursuit operations control
is decentralized to lower echelons. Antiaircraft artillery units
are deployed to protect defiles.
AGO 3770B 155
313. Employment of Tanks
Aggressor uses tanks extensively in mountain fighting. Tanks
are used in small groups to reinforce rifle elements. An assault
group may include from 2 to 3 tanks, a rifle platoon, a squad of
engineers, and an antitank platoon. Tanks are used for night
attacks. Tanks approach enemy positions under cover of dark-
ness and then deliver a sudden assault. Night attacks by tanks
require careful preparation. If possible, tanks occupy positions
by daylight which permit them to advance directly in the attack
from a straight line of march.

314. Control and Communication

a. Command. posts are located in close proximity to forward
elements. Security of command posts is provided by detachments
occupying the heights commanding the approaches. In order to
keep abreast of rapidly changing combat conditions, commanders
at regimental and lower levels usually stay at their command
observation posts. They move forward to new command obser-
vation posts immediately after the seizure of crests and spurs
which obstruct observation.
b. Radio is the basic means of communication in the mountains.
Reliability of radio communication is increased by special train-
ing, careful selection of frequencies, siting of radios, and adjust-
ment of antennas. Visual signalling and liaison planes are widely
used.

315. The Offensive

Aggressor offensives in mountains are based on a series of
attacks to seize heights, ridges, passes, and valleys. Maneuvers
generally consist of isolation of separate tactical objectives by
double or single envelopment. Main efforts are generally supple-
mented by several secondary efforts. In attacking enemy posi-
tions arranged in altitudinal levels, the fire of all weapons is first
concentrated on the lowest level. While rifle units attack that
level, artillery and mortars shift their fires to enemy positions
at the next higher level. Normally, attacks are made along
ridges.
316. Ridge Attacks
Attacks along, ridges combine a breakthrough in the valley
with an encircling maneuver over the ridges in order to seize
commanding heights and road junctions in the enemy rear and
on his flanks. The breakthrough is accomplished by a heavy con-
centration of artillery, tanks, and aviation. In the exploitation

156 AGO 3770B

of the breakthrough by mobile units, seizure of road junctions
deep in enemy rear areas is stressed since such seizure may also
lead to the isolation and defeat of enemy forces in other sectors.
In advances along valleys, Aggressor flanks and rear are secured
by airborne troops and mountain rifle units who seize heights on
the ridges commanding the valley. Flank security units are sup-
ported by aerial attacks, artillery fire, and other forces operating
in the rear of the enemy defending the heights. Flank security
units assist the advancing main body by fire and maneuver on
the flanks and in the rear of enemy units in the valley.
317. Attacks Across a Ridge
Attacks across ridges are based on the possession of mountain
passes which are secured by the seizure of the heights command-
ing them. Seizure of heights is accomplished by attacking the
enemy's rear in a rapid outflanking maneuver, by landing air-
borne troops in the rear of enemy units defending the pass, and
by simultaneously launching an aggressive frontal assault in
coordination with air support.
318. Advance Detachments
In the offensive, rifle battalions, and in some cases companies
use rifle detachments to precede the attack. An advance detach-
ment for a battalion normally consists of a rifle platoon reinforced
by a mortar squad or section. Before a height is assaulted, these
advance detachments infiltrate behind the enemy and open fire
on the enemy positions. The height is then attacked from the
flanks, where possible, by the main body. An artillery prepara-
tion, supplemented by air attacks, usually precedes the coordinated
attack.
319. Infiltration Detachments
Infiltration detachments are used to penetrate deep into the
enemy rear. Their main task is to control or harass enemy lines
of communication. These detachments seize the high ground
overlooking these routes. A few riflemen are assigned the task
of moving from place to place where they can suddenly open fire
to create the impression of greater strength. Infiltration detach-
ments also establish roadblocks at defiles. Infiltration detach-
ments may be built up to sufficient strength to permit their use
in pursuit operations following the Aggressor offensive.
320. Reorganization After the Attack
Every captured height or area is immediately consolidated.
Supporting weapons are displaced forward to support further
AGO s770B 157
advance. Positions are strengthened by antipersonnel mines, field
works, and antitank mines where appropriate. Special emphasis
is placed on strengthening strong points on the flanks and cover-
ing the intervals between attacking units. Security measures,
including patrols, observation posts, and outposts, are imme-
diately taken to prevent surprise by sudden enemy counterattacks.

321. The Defensive

a. Aggressor mountain defense operations stress thorough
reconnaissance, well-organized outposts, continuous flank secur-
ity, and swift counterattacks by second echelons.
b. Observation posts are established from 9 to 12 miles from
the forward defenses. Communication is maintained by radio
and visual signaling. Relay points are established when neces-
sary. In the outpost area, security elements block roads and other
approaches, secure flanks, salients, and intervals between defen-
sive positions. Outpost security elements delay enemy attacks
until reinforced by support troops. Support troops in the outpost
area counter enemy outflanking maneuvers, destroy small groups
attempting infiltration, and, when necessary, cover the withdrawal
of friendly elements. In defense of the outpost area, ambushes
are used extensively.
c. The main defensive positions are organized along or across
the mountain ridge. In either case, the forward edge of strong
points is situated on forward slopes although a portion of the
forces are usually also on reverse slopes. Firing positions are
echeloned vertically as well as in depth. In defending a mountain
valley, strong points are located on adjacent heights that permit
covering the valley with crossfire. In wooded terrain, defensive
positions are organized at the forward edge of the woods or on
commanding heights. In the latter case, the woods are used as
a natural obstacle. Elevated platforms are built in trees for heavy
machineguns and observation posts. Antitank and antipersonnel
mines, obstacles of all types, and artificial landslides are widely
employed.

Section VIII. 'COMBAT IN TOWNS AND CITIES

322. General
a. Aggressor avoids, where possible, offensive combat in built-
up areas under active atomic conditions. Built-up areas that Ag-
gressor intends to use after capture are not subjected to nuclear
attacks.

158 AGO 3770B

b. Aggressor considers the attack on a city as comparable to
the assault of a fortified zone, but with certain advantages for
the attacker. The civilian population imposes a burden on the
defending military forces with respect to food, water, health, and
shelter. The offense in city warfare has handicaps not found in
open terrain. The rubble of destroyed buildings affords the de-
fenders easily adaptable defensive positions with excellent cam-
ouflage. The ease of mining and booby-trapping, the presence of
traps for armor and artillery, and the danger of collapsing struc-
tures favor the defense and must be overcome by specially trained
assault groups. The presence of unsuspected passages, such as
subways and sewers, and the ease of interior communications fa-
cilitate infiltration, counterattacks, and breakout offensives by the
defending forces.

323. Reconnaissance
Detailed intelligence is prepared concerning the main fortified
city zones, to include firing positions and aproaches affording the
best cover. The ease of concealing weapons in city warfare makes
their location especially important. Combat reconnaissance de-
tachments may operate in a city for 6 days before an assault.
Reconnaissance is continued during the assault. Combat recon-
naissance is supplemented by studying city plans and locating
utility systems, subways, and sewers. Special patrols are organ-
ized to capture prisoners for interrogation.

324. Assault Formations

The basic unit in city warfare is the reinforced rifle battalion.
The battalion is deployed for assault in a column formation com-
posed of four distinct groups. The leading, or infiltration group
usually consists of a rifle company and an antitank gun platoon.
The main body is the assault group and is similar in strength
and composition to the rifle battalion assault group organized for
the assault of fortified zones. It consists of a rifle company, about
one-half of the battalion heavy weapons, and a detachment of
demolition engineers from the rifle regiment. Supporting weap-
ons are 2 to 3 battalions of direct-fire guns and a platoon of self-
propelled guns. The third group is the support group which in-
cludes the remainder of the battalion heavy weapons, 3 to 4 direct-
fire guns, and 1 platoon of medium tanks or self-propelled guns.
The last group is one rifle company which provides flank security
patrols and acts as the battalion reserve. Subgroups of varying
size and composition are detached for separate assault missions
on isolated structures.
AGO 3770B 159
325. Conduct of Attack
a. The first phase consists of driving in outposts and surround-
ing the built-up area. Some portions of the attacking force are
used to prevent enemy counterattacks from interfering with the
assault of the city. Tanks cover all exits from the city and a tank
reserve is held to engage enemy counterattacks.
b. The city is divided into battalion areas. The attack, launched
after artillery and air preparations, is supported by artillery fire
and air strikes. The battle then takes the form of a number of
independent actions by small units that attack one block of build-
ings after another, consolidating their gains, and clearing all
houses, tunnels, and sewers as they advance.

326. Use of Artillery

a. Light artillery is used to destroy enemy firing positions by
direct fire. Batteries attached to rifle units conduct direct fire at
embrasures, windows, and other enemy firing positions. In addi-
tion to neutralizing enemy firing positions, direct fire is used to
create breaches in buildings, walls, and barricades. Guns are dis-
placed forward alternately under cover of heavy fire from other
guns and rifle units. Large-caliber howitzers are used to destroy
buildings.
b. Mortars cover avenues of enemy troop movements such as
street intersections, trenches, and alleys. Mortar-firing positions
are placed behind walls or inside buildings close to their targets.
Their mobility and effective fire from concealed positions provide
strong fire support for the assault groups.
c. The artillery reserve is used for counterbattery and counter-
mortar fire. Massed fire from heavy batteries of the artillery re-
serve is used against forts or the other strong enemy fortified posi-
tions. Other missions for the artillery reserve include interdiction
and destruction of enemy supply installations, headquarters, and
communication centers. The artillery reserve is retained under
centralized control by corps and division.

327. Organization for Defense of Towns and Cities

a. The city is organized for defense in depth and districts are
allotted to units. Groups of buildings at crossroads and squares
are transformed into mutually supporting strong points and every
house in these groups is organized for defense. Solid buildings
are connected by holes made through the walls. Ceilings are
strengthened by beams and earth, and pulling down the upper
stories. Cellars are also connected and are used for intercommu-

160 AGO 3770B

nication as well as the sewers, subways and communication
trenches dug across streets. Streets are mined and blocked with
any available material. Strong points are stocked with supplies.
b. Artillery, air, and tank support do not differ materially
from the normal defensive support. Artillery support is also
provided by single guns firing directly from strong points. An
artillery group outside the city provides fire on call from observers
with strong points. Single tanks and self-propelled guns are also
sited in strong points, but armor is normally kept in reserve for
counterattack.

Section IX. OPERATIONS AT RIVER LINES

328. General
a. Aggressor uses deliberate and hasty river crossings. Under
atomic warfare conditions, emphasis is placed on hasty crossings.
Hasty crossings permit Aggressor units to maintain the momen-
tum of the attack and prevent presenting a nuclear target at the
site of the obstacle. Aggressor usually makes river crossings on a
broad front. Diversionary or feint crossings are made in consid-
erable strength. These crossings also provide alternative cross-
ing sites to which the main forces can be diverted should the main
crossings fail or be held up. Once the assault has begun, every
effort is made to carry it through to its conclusion. If unsuccess-
ful, no further attempts are made in that area and the main
effort is shifted to an area where the operation has been more
successful.
b. Aggressor river-crossing operations are characterized by
large-scale employment of rafts, bridge sections, and boats or
ferries to transport armor, artillery, and loaded vehicles without
waiting for the completion of bridges. Maximum use is made of
field expedients and locally procured boats, rafts, and other mate-
rial. Bridge construction is usually done at night. In order to
hide the bridges from observation, Aggressor frequently con-
structs them beneath the surface of the water. Smokescreens are
used to mask bridge construction and sites and the adjoining
countryside.
c. During the advance to contact or pursuit, armored and motor-
ized units are sent ahead to seize bridgeheads. Airborne units may
be used. If the leading units fail to capture bridgeheads, then a
hasty assault crossing is organized by the following corps, divi-
sion, or (at the lowest level) regimental commander. If the hasty
assault fails, within about 2 days, forces are regrouped and plans
initiated for deliberate crossing.
AGO 3770B 161
329. Hasty River Crossings
a. Aggressor rifle or mechanized rifle divisions and regiments
can make hasty river crossings independently from the march.
Crossings made against strong resistance are usually conducted
under division control, while those against weak resistance are
usually made under regimental control. Units are assigned definite
crossing sites whose widths are determined by the existing situa-
tion. Within a division, regimental crossing sites are 1 to 3 miles
apart. Aggressor prefers to carry out hasty crossings at night or
in first light.
b. In the event the division advance guard units cannot seize a
bridgehead, they secure the near bank so the assault crossing can
be made by the division. Advance guard units send out reconnais-
sance elements to reconnoiter the river and to select crossing
points for amphibious vehicles, ferries, and bridges. Armor with
the advance guard is positioned to protect the division flanks.
Antitank, assault, and heavy machineguns, and light antiaircraft
artillery are moved up to the riverbank where they can deliver
direct fire on the opposite bank.
c. First echelon regiments move into assembly areas 1 to 2 miles
from the far bank of the river under cover of darkness, and the
second echelon regiment goes into assembly areas 6 to 8 miles
from the river. Crossing equipment joins the units in their as-
sembly areas. Engineer troops prepare the riverbank for easy
entry of units into the river. Each first echelon regiment desig-
nates an assault battalion which, in turn, designates an assault
company. The assault company is usually reinforced by a platoon
of amphibious tanks, an antitank gun, a squad of engineers, and
a radiological survey squad. The company is also assigned 4 to 6
amphibious armored carriers to permit crossing the river in one
wave. The remainder of the assault battalion crosses behind the
assault company in either amphibious armored carriers or in
pneumatic boats. Assault companies load into amphibious car-
riers in their assembly areas, move to the riverbank, and cross
directly behind the amphibious tanks during the artillery prepara-
tion. The artillery preparation, if any, usually lasts about 10 to
15 minutes. The preparation is fired while the amphibious car-
riers are moving up to the riverbank or as the vehicles enter the
water and cross the river. On reaching the far bank, the company
disembarks and attacks enemy positions that can bring direct fire
to bear on the river. Vehicles return to the near bank to ferry
across heavier equipment. Landing points are prepared for fol-
lowing units. The remainder of the assault battalion then crosses
and within about an hour can attack to enlarge the bridgehead.

162 AGO 3770B

When the first elements of the assault company reach the far
bank, engineer units start assembling ferries and ponton bridges
on the near bank. Heavy equipment can usually cross in about 3
hours. With heavy equipment across, the first echelon regiments
attack to deepen the bridgehead and to secure the crossing of
the rest of the division.
d. Construction of a heavy 60-ton ferry or ponton bridge for
the division's heavier equipment is started when direct fire into
the site is eliminated. Divisions are usually across the river with-
in 8 hours after the crossing operation starts. They immediately
deepen the bridgehead to at least 6 to 8 miles. When the corps
second echelon and army elements cross the river, the first echelon
divisions break out of the bridgehead. Corps uses its second eche-
lon forces to widen the bridgehead, to encircle and destroy enemy
forces along the river to permit commitment of the mechanized
army.

330. Mechanized Army in the Hasty Crossing

a. Mechanized rifle divisions carry out the initial crossing. The
assault unit for the mechanized rifle division may be a special
reconnaissance detachment consisting of a reinforced motorized
rifle company. It resembles the assault company described in
paragraph 329. As it normally operates with an advance guard
well forward of its parent regiment, reinforcements and crossing
equipment are assigned for an entire operation, not for just a
single crossing. These detachments also have artillery and mor-
tars, and may have tanks and assault guns. Ponton equipment
is allocated if tanks and assault guns are assigned. The basic
task of these detachments is to reconnoiter the river and estab-
lish bridgeheads in order to secure uninterrupted crossing for the
regiments.
b. When about 5 miles from the river, the reconnaissance de-
tachment is given a specific sector of the bank to reconnoiter.
It bypasses enemy resistance and presses on to the riverbank.
Small-sized combat reconnaissance patrols, reinforced by en-
gineers, precede the main body of the detachment and seize ex-
isting bridges, crossings, or fords, and establish a small bridge-
head. The remainder of the detachment remains under cover until
the results of this reconnaissance are available. The detachment
crosses the river on amphibious vehicles under cover, if necessary,
of artillery fires and smoke provided by the attached artillery and
armor. The detachment forms a bridgehead, organizes its de-
fenses, and holds it until the following regiments can cross and
extend the bridgehead.

AGO 3:770B 163

331. Use of Helicopters
Helicopters are used for reconnaissance and to lift reconnais-
sance detachments across rivers, and to move engineers and equip-
ment to ferry and bridge sites. Helicopters are also used to lift
assault elements across rivers and thus avoid actual water cross-
ing operations until a beachhead has been established and secured.
332. Use of Nuclear Weapons
a. Priority for nuclear attacks in a hasty river crossing is
given the enemy forces directly covering the crossing site, fol-
lowed by the reserves of those forces. Once the crossing has been
made, the priority for nuclear attack shifts to those enemy tactical
and operational reserves constituting a major threat to the bridge-
head. In executing nuclear attacks on the enemy forces holding
the far side of the river line, the Aggressor forces on the near
river side may, if required for safety, withdraw the minimum
necessary distance.
b. Vulnerability to enemy nuclear fires at a crossing site is re-
duced by-
(1) Crossing at times of reduced visibility.
(2) Extending bridgeheads as rapidly as possible to avoid
troop concentrations.
(3) Establishing antiaircraft defenses early.
(4) Maintaining reserves of crossing equipment to replace
losses.
(5) Maximum use of camouflage.
(6) Extensive use of smoke and deception measures.
333. Antitank Defense Priority
To prevent enemy armor from overrunning bridgeheads, Ag-
gressor sets up antitank defenses as soon as the equipment has
crossed the river. The division antitank artillery and engineer
mobile obstacle detachments cross immediately after the first
echelon regiments. Corps and army antitank units may cross be-
fore second echelon divisions.
334. Deliberate River Crossing Operations
a. Aggressor undertakes deliberate river crossing operations
only when hasty river crossings fail or when hasty crossings are
not possible. The deliberate crossing is carried out in a manner
similar to the hasty crossing. However, more detailed planning,
reconnaissance, and preparation are involved. Centralized control
of the crossing is exercised by the rifle or mechanized army and
164 AGO 3770B
wide use is made of nuclear fire support. Crossings, closely con-
trolled, are made on a broad front.
b. Thorough reconnaissance and assembly and equipping of
forces are accomplished during the preparatory phase. Every in-
telligence means available is used to get complete information on
the enemy. Units are reinforced in the same manner as for a
hasty crossing. A rifle corps usually crosses with two divisions
in the first echelon. Divisions cross with 2 regiments in the first
echelon and the regiments with 2 battalions in the first echelon.
The leading battalions cross in waves of reinforced companies.
c. First echelon battalions are moved into assembly areas under
cover of darkness about 1 mile from the river. Artillery is posi-
tioned to place fire throughout the enemy forward defenses. The
actual assault crossing is usually made just before dawn, preceded
by nuclear strikes, and an intensive air and artillery preparation
of about 30 minutes. The actual crossing is conducted in about
the same manner as for a hasty river crossing.

335. Defense of River Line

In establishing a defense, Aggressor uses river lines as ob-
stacles. Normally, when a river line is so used, Aggressor retains
bridgeheads on the far side in order to facilitate later offensive
operations. These bridgeheads are not withdrawn unless author-
ized by the army commander.

Section X. ATTACK AND DEFENSE OF FORTIFIED AREAS

336. General
a. Mobile combat formations of rifle, tanks, artillery, engineer,
and aviation units are used to break through the fortified zone.
Aggressor doctrine stresses the intensive training of assault
groups together with the supporting arms as the most important
single factor in the successful assault of heavily fortified zones.
At least two rehearsals, by assault groups and supporting arms,
where possible, are held in rear areas prior to actual assault.
b. The assault is usually made with the main effort along a
single front from 6 to 9 miles wide or in multiple thrusts each
approximately 2 miles in width. Secondary attacks are made
simultaneously for diversion and to seize isolated fortified posi-
tions. Emphasis is placed on attacks against the flanks of the
penetration area. Against fortified areas in mountains and
swamps, assaults are generally made on a narrower front.
c. The destruction of enemy forces in a fortified zone is accom-
AGO 3770B 165
plished by the complete breakthrough of the enemy defensive posi-
tions in the sector of the main effort and by subsequent flank at-
tacks against adjacent sectors to clear the entire fortified zone.
Mechanized rifle and tank divisions exploit the breakthrough.

337. Organization for Assault

Rifle assault groups are composed of balanced forces of all arms.
The composition of the assault groups provides for the immediate
replacement of losses in the leading elements. Organization of as-
sault groups begins with the assault division. The basic element
is the assault battalion. While some details of the assault organ-
ization vary with the situation, the basic structure of assault
groups is standard.

338. Assault Division

a. The assault division normally consists of a rifle division rein-
forced with an engineer regiment. The supporting armor nor-
mally consists of one regiment of heavy tanks, some self-propelled
artillery, and about a company of mine-clearing, flamethrowing,
and bridging tanks. Division artillery is reinforced by battalions
of heavy artillery and mortars. The assault engineer regiment in-
cludes flamethrower operators and other special engineer troops
such as demolitions personnel.
b. The assault division is deployed in 2 or 3 echelons depending
on the strength of enemy fortifications, and the width of the as-
signed zone. Small general troop and antitank reserves are pro-
vided. The assault division in the main effort has a zone about
3,000 yards wide. In secondary efforts the zone is about 6,000
yards wide.
c. Four artillery groups operate under division control. The
division artillery support group (heavy mortars and medium how-
itzers) is responsible for neutralization of the forward enemy de-
fenses and, after the assault is launched, for reinforcement of the
regimental artillery groups. The division artillery countermortar
group (heavy mortars and medium howitzers) and the division
artillery destruction groups (heavy howitzers and guns) have
missions as indicated by their names. The destruction group con-
centrates on the destruction of permanent fortifications. The
fourth division artillery group is the artillery reserve which is
also used for general support of the division.

339. Assault Regiment

a. Each regiment of the rifle division used in the assault is
usually reinforced with-

166 AG(O 3770B

(1) One battalion of the organic division artillery, one bat-
tery of the organic division antitank artillery battalion,
a heavy mortar battalion, and a medium gun battalion.
(2) Two companies of medium tanks, one company of heavy
tanks, one battery of medium self-propelled guns, and
a platoon of mine-clearing tanks.
(3) A battalion of combat engineers.
b. The regimental artillery group consists of one organic bat-
talion of division artillery plus a battalion of heavy mortars. This
group is under division control during the artillery preparation
but passes to control of regimental commanders during the assault
phase.
c. The rifle regiment formation in the assault is usually in two
echelons. If the enemy fortifications are in considerable depth,
the regiment may attack with three echelons. The first echelon
clears passages through obstacles and minefields and assaults speci-
fied fortifications. The succeeding echelons provide security for
the regiment's flanks, widen the gaps created by the first echelon,
and pass through the preceding echelon to extend the depth of
the penetration. The assault regiment in the main effort is as-
signed a frontage of up to 1,500 yards.

340. Assault Battalion

The assault battalion is the basic unit in the assault of fortified
positions. It consists of a rifle battalion reinforced by two bat-
teries of light guns or medium howitzers, a company of 105-mm
or 80-mm self-propelled guns, and a company of engineers. The
assault battalion deploys on a front approximately 750 yards wide
and about 400 yards deep. The assault battalion forms two assault
companies. The third rifle company is used to reinforce assault
companies and the direct-fire artillery group, and to act as the
battalion reserve. Each assault company deploys two rifle platoons
abreast. Infiltration and trench-clearing teams, as well as per-
sonnel for flank security, are organized from the third platoon.
Each assault company is reinforced by an obstacle-clearing group
of 1 engineer and 1 rifle squad, and a direct-fire artillery group
of light guns or a medium howitzer battery, an 80-mm antitank
gun platoon, and a rifle squad for security. Direct-fire artillery
does not participate in the artillery preparation. The battalion
mortars remain under centralized control.

341. Tactical Preparations

Tactical preparations consist of preparatory fires, gapping of
obstacles, and final preparation by assault units. The nuclear

A(GO 377011 167

preparation is greater than that used in a normal attack. Nuclear
fires are used to destroy obstacles, minefields and to reduce the need
for extensive use of engineer troops to clear the way into the
main fortified area. The air and artillery preparations are of suf-
ficient length to neutralize any enemy defenses that may survive
the nuclear preparation but not so long as to permit remnants of
the defenses to recover from the nuclear attack. Artillery and air
units attack all known enemy fortifications on a front wider than
the main effort sector in order to neutralize enemy positions which
can direct flanking fire on the penetration area. Obstacle-clearing
groups prepare lanes through minefields and wire entanglements
during the night preceding the assault and move forward during
the artillery-air preparation to continue obstacle clearance.

342. Defense of Fortified Areas

Aggressor defense of permanently fortified areas is based on
the battalion or regimental defensive position. Special battalions
are often organized for this purpose. Such battalions are
equipped with a high proportion of automatic weapons, medium
mortars, and antitank weapons. The defense of permanently forti-
fied areas is conducted in about the same manner as the decentral-
ized position defense.

Section XI. OPERATIONS BY ENCIRCLED FORCES

343. General
Aggressor has specific tactics designed to extricate his forces
encircled on the battlefield. These tactics are a combination of
defensive-offensive actions.

344. Preliminary Preparation

Aggressor forces which find themselves in a position of immi-
nent encirclement take immediate steps to prepare for an all-
round defense. If the possible encirclement is detected in time,
all excess units and personnel are evacuated from the area. Stocks
of essential supplies, if possible, are built up. In the event the
encirclement is accomplished before excess personnel and service
units can be evacuated, they are assigned to combat units, espe-
cially engineer units. Strong mobile reconnaissance and screen-
ing units are placed outside the main defense perimeter to delay
the enemy attack as long as possible.
345. Organization of the Defense
a. Depending upon the size of the encircled force, a first echelon

168 AGO 3770B

consisting of rifle elements, reinforced with antitank units and an
armored reserve, is established. If forces are available, a sec-
ond echelon, composed primarily of antitank forces, is formed.
The armor reserve of the first echelon is a major element of the
defense because the success of the operation depends upon suc-
cessful armor counterattacks. An encircled rifle corps places its
entire mechanized rifle division in the armor reserve, reinforcing
it with most of the armor from the rifle divisions as well as some
of the rifle units.
b. The entire perimeter of the encircled force is not manned.
The first echelon established battalion sized strong points along
the most likely avenues of approach. Alternate positions are pre-
pared in less dangerous areas. These areas are covered by ob-
servation posts and patrols. Antitank strong points are placed
in the second echelon behind likely avenues of enemy armor at-
tack. The second echelon is also prepared to occupy first echelon
positions if enemy nuclear fires destroy a first echelon unit. The
armored reserve is held deep within the encircled area in numer-
ous assembly areas ready for use at any point.

346. Support
a. Units within the encircled area retain control of their artil-
lery. If sufficient artillery is available, a mobile artillery group is
formed for additional support for the first echelon units. This
group also supports the armor reserve, replaces artillery units
destroyed by nuclear fires, and provides fire cover for units and
sectors of the perimeter subjected to enemy nuclear attack. When
artillery is not available in sufficient quantity to form this group,
flank units provide the fires needed by units under attack. All
units in the encircled area form antiaircraft artillery groups and
a central group is formed for defense of the entire command.
Command and logistical installations receive top priority for anti-
aircraft protection.
b. Engineer units construct fortifications along the most likely
avenues of approach and obstacle belts both within and without
the area. Wide use is made of available natural materials for
obstacles.
c. Air and nuclear support is provided by the command to which
the encircled force is subordinate. Air elements are stationed
within the encircled area if the area is sufficiently large to contain
dispersed airfields. All passive means of protection against nu-
clear attack are observed and strong protective positions are con-
structed.
AGO 3770B 169
347. Control
Encircled Aggressor forces normally remain under the control
of the headquarters which controlled them prior to their encircle-
ment. That command is responsible for the defense and extrica-
tion of the encircled forces. Command of the encircled force is
exercised by the senior officer present. Radio communication is
maintained with the control headquarters and an active air liaison
system is established.

348. Conduct of the Defense

a. Detailed defense plans are prepared. These plans include pro-
visions for meeting single or multiple enemy thrusts into the
area. In the event of single thrusts, the threatened area is im-
mediately reinforced with additional troops. Antitank and artil-
lery weapons as well as the armored reserve elements counterat-
tack if the enemy succeeds in penetrating the area. The first
echelon holds and attempts to beat the enemy back. They with-
draw to the second echelon defenses only upon order. Close in
nuclear strikes are not used if they require units to withdraw
from prepared positions. Nuclear attacks are used to disrupt ene-
my attack.
b. Simultaneous enemy attacks in several sectors are met by
moving perimeter forces, leaving only skeletal defenses in some
areas, to the threatened areas. The armor reserve is deployed
close to the most threatened sector. Counterattacks are made as
soon as possible before the enemy attack can succeed. Such coun-
terattacks are preferably carried out at night supported by nu-
clear fires. If the enemy attack is halted, the armor reserve drives
the enemy back to his former positions. If the enemy attack can-
not be completely halted, the armor reserve counterattacks to dis-
rupt the enemy attack. The armor reserve then moves to other
threatened sectors. The rifle elements clear up the disrupted ene-
my attack. Surprise attacks to prevent the enemy from launch-
ing his attacks are made if Aggressor forces have sufficient re-
serves of fuel and ammunition.

349. Organization of the Offensive

a. Encircled Aggressor forces always attempt to break out. The
breakout may be accomplished with strong outside support, or
with little or no outside support. The breakout with strong out-
side support is the ideal. A breakout with little outside support
is attempted only when the encircled force is small and only a
short distance is involved. In both types of breakouts, the enemy
is compelled to fight on two fronts, and the time and place of the

170 AGO 3770B

breakout are a surprise. The headquarters controlling the encir-
cled force plans the breakout. It is usually planned in conjunction
with the overall defense plan.
b. Encircled forces are organized for the breakout into an as-
sault group, a covering force group, a flank security group, and an
artillery and reserve group. The assault group forms two echelons,
one of armor elements with most of the artillery and all of the
nuclear support, and the other of rifle units to mop up enemy by-
passed by the first echelon. The covering force group is com-
posed of rifle units reinforced by engineers, chemical warfare
troops, and as much field and antitank artillery as can be spared
from the assault group. Minimum troops are placed in the flank
security group. The artillery and reserve group is usually placed
to the rear of the assault group so that it can deliver fire to
support either the assault group or the covering forces group.

350. Conduct of the Breakout

Breakout attacks are coordinated with attacks by forces out-
side of the perimeter. Missions assigned to the assault group of
the encircled forces depend upon the distances to friendly units
outside the perimeter. When the distance is short, only an initial
and final objective are assigned. The final objective is the junction
area between the two attacking forces. When distances are
greater, specific daily objectives are assigned. The assault group
moves into attack positions at the last possible moment. The
attack is usually launched at night without any artillery prepara-
tion in order to achieve surprise. If the attack starts during day-
light, it is preceded by a short intensive artillery, air, and nuclear
preparation. The attack of the first echelon of the assault group
forms an escape corridor through the enemy positions. Strong
enemy resistance is bypassed. These centers of resistance are re-
duced by the second echelon. The second echelon keeps the escape
corridor open. Rear echelon elements form up and move through
the corridor as soon as possible. Maximum amounts of equipment
and supplies are evacuated. What cannot be moved is destroyed.
The covering force withdraws last.

AGO 37701 171

CHAPTER 14
LOGISTICS

Section I. GENERAL

351. Responsibilities
a. Logistics is a command responsibility at all echelons. In
every command at regimental and higher levels, the principal
assistant to the commander in the field of logistics is the unit
Chief of Rear Services who is also designated as an assistant com-
mander. As assistant commander for rear services, he prepares
the logistical plans to support the operation and supervises their
execution. The chiefs of the technical services assist in logistical
planning. The Chief of the Rear Services has direct responsibility
for supplies common to_all lnitg, general purpose vehicles, and
directly controls theaintendance, nilitary construction, technical
troops of the rear srvices , medical, and finance troops of the
command. He also directs all the activities in the unit rear, in-
cluding such activities as traffic control, handling of replacement
personnel, rear area security and damage control, communica-
tions, and control of civilians excepting civil affairs military gov-
ernment. Civil affairs military government functions are under
the control of other governmental agencies.
b. The chiefs of artillery, tank and mechanized, airborne en-
gineer, signal and chemical troops, at all levels, are responsible,
under the supervision of the unit Chief of Rear Services, for the
supply and maintenance of the weapons, equipment, and technical
supplies peculiar to their arm. The chief of artillery, in addi-
tion, is responsible for the supply of all ammunition, including
nuclear ammunition and missiles. The Chief of Rear Services is
responsible for the transportation of all supplies and equipment
and he directly controls all the noncombat transportation of the
unit. In critical situations the commander may authorize him
to levy on subordinate units for additional transportation re-
sources.

352. Organization
a. The current organization of rear services at the national level
is illustrated in figure 52.

172 AGO 3770B

OF
IRCHIEF
THEREARSERVICES

MAINDIRECTORATES
SUBORDINATE TECHNICAL
MAINDIRECTORATES
ANDPLANNING
ORGANIZATION ANDSUPPLY
FORPROCUREMENT
INTENDANCE' ARTILLERY
(POL)
FUELANDLUBRICANTS TANK
MOTORTRANSPORTATION MAINTROOPDIRECTORATES
MEDICAL WITHSUPPLYRESPONSIBILITY
FINANCE ENGINEER
SIGNAL
CHEMICAL
LEGEND
----- COORDINATION.
SUBORDINATION.
THERATIONS
*CONTROLS DIRECTORATE DIRECTORATE.
ANDEQUIPMENT
ANDTHECLOTHING

Figure 52. Organization of the rear services.

At this level the Chief of the Rear Services supervises directly

those agencies responsible for the procurement, storage, and dis-
tribution of supplies and equipment that are common to the
ground, naval, and air forces. These supplies include common use
categories such as rations, POL, quartermaster supplies, and med-
ical supplies. The supply of combat type items such as weapons,
ammunition, and other technical equipment is not a direct function
of the Chief of the Rear Services but rather of the chiefs of the
technical services. The Chief of the Rear Services coordinates
their logistical activities.
b. A similar organization exists at army group, army, division
and regimental level. At corps level the corps rear area does
not contain logistical facilities of appreciable size. The corps does
have a Chief of Rear Services, but he is responsible for provision
of logistical support for the nondivisional corps units. He exer-
cises administrative control to insure that the logistical support
of the divisions of the corps is adequate and in accord with the
corps commander's plan. His organization reflects his reduced re-
sponsibilities.

353. Field Supply

a. Aggressor service units and installations of lower echelon
units are located relatively far forward, dispersed and as much as
possible, camouflaged, and away from possible nuclear targets.
Supplies are placed underground or dug in wherever possible.

AGO 3770B 173

Rear services personnel prepare plans for damage control. Fire
fighting and decontamination are emphasized in damage control
planning.
b. Army and army group depots are generally organized into
small general depots containing all types of supplies. Large single
items of supply depots are avoided. Movement of supplies into
army group and army depots are usually made by rail supple-
mented by truck and pipelines. Movement forward of army depots
is usually made by truck supplemented by pipeline where possible.
High priority supplies are moved by helicopters and air where
possible.

Unittrains anddumps

Division
Areas

Unittrains anddumps
Armyforwardsupply points

Corps
Zones
XXX

ArmyDepots,
Unittrains
anddumps

Army
/rupDepots. UnitAtrains anddumr

Figure 53. Schematic echelonment of supplies within the Aggresor

army group.

174 AAGO 37701o

Section II. SUPPLY
354. Classes of Supply and Supply Channels
a. Aggressor classes of supply are referred to by type, i.e., Ra-
tions, Supplies and Equipment, Fuels and Lubricants (POL), and
Weapons and Ammunition.
b. Within the division, except for weapons and ammunition
(par. 355), subordinate units look to the division Chief of Rear
Services for all supply, and for evacuation and service beyond their
organic capabilities. He, in turn, secures the supply of common
noncombat items direct from the Chief of Rear Services at army.
The supply and maintenance of technical service items are secured
from the appropriate technical service at army. In a similar man-
ner, army secures supplies and services from the army group
Chief of Rear Services and the army group technical services.

I lil I I

Ammnition Suply Syste

andWeapos
355.
Figure 54. Aggressor supply channels.

355. Weapons and Ammunition Supply System

a. The commander of artillery troops at all echelons down
through regiment is responsible for the supply of small arms and
artillery materiel and ammunition, except self-propelled guns. Nu-
clear ammunition follows the same supply channels as all am-
munition. Ammunition depots and dumps, as necessary, operate
sections to handle nuclear
small ammunition. Since these sup-
plies usually have the highest priority for movement forward,
AG(O 3770B 175
close coordination with rear services transportation elements is
necessary. Each artillery staff has a supply and ordnance ele-
ment. This artillery supply and ordnance element is the channel
through which weapons and ammunition are requisitioned and
supplied. This element operates artillery depots and repair shops
at each level of command and supervises similar activities at the
next lower echelon. At corps level the Chief of Artillery Supply is
responsible for regulating the flow of artillery supplies to sub-
ordinate divisions. He does not operate depots or repair shops.
b. Aggressor measures ammunition requirements in units of
fire. A unit of fire is an arbitrary number of rounds per weapon,
which varies from weapon to weapon. The basic load for a unit
is the amount of ammunition authorized to be in the unit ex-
pressed in units of fire. The basic load includes ammunition with
the weapon and in unit trains or depots. Ammunition depots are
maintained by the army group and army dispersed in their ad-
ministrative areas. Aggressor maintains reserves of ammunition
in those depots equivalent to one unit of fire for the army group
or army. In preparation for specific operations, these stocks may
be increased to 4 to 6 units of fire. Ammunition is moved into
army group, and army depots primarily by rail. It is moved for-
ward to division dumps by rail, where available, or by truck.
Within the divisions, ammunition is moved by truck. At each
echelon, units maintain reserves of ammunition in unit trains
or dumps. Within the division the complete basic load is not al-
ways maintained on vehicles, but at times is kept in unit dumps.
c. Listed below are the usual locations of the normal basic loads
of ammunition, in short tons, in selected Aggressor organizations:
One unit With. In unit trains,
of I-~" 1vea pon depots or d;mlps
Rifle Army ____________________________13,000 8,000 40,000
Mechanized Army __-_______-____________8,000 5,500 23,000
Rifle Corps ________________-___________None 2,800 7,500
Rifle Division __________________________1,000 130 1,820
Rifle Regiment __--______--_____________170 100 140
Rifle Battalion __…_______________________30 20 10
Mechanized Rifle Division _______________1,600 1,200 3,000
Mechanized Rifle Regiment _____________-240 180 150
Mechanized Rifle Battalion _____________- 20 10 10
Tank Division ____---___________________1,600 1,200 2,900
Tank Regiment _-----.__________--_____ 200 200 100
Tank Battalion _--____________________-_60 60 None

356. POL Supply

a. Divisions receive their POL supplies by army tank trucks, or
pipelines when available, from army depots. These depots nor-
mally stock sufficient POL to refuel all elements of the army twice.

176 AGO 3770B

In preparation for specific operations, army depots may build up
their refueling capability to three or four times the amount re-
quired to refuel all elements of the army. When the main POL
depots are more than 60 miles from the front, special forward
POL points are established. At army and army group POL depots
and supply points, fuel is stored in 10- to 15-ton tanks. Oil and
lubricants are stored in 40- to 130-gallon drums. Divisions use tank
trucks and 50-gallon drums for supply within the division. In ad-
dition to maintaining full tanks on all vehicles, the division main-
tains varying reserves of POL in their dumps. The rifle division
retains in its POL dump enough POL reserves to refuel the divi-
sion units once. Subordinate elements within the rifle division
will have a one-half refueling capability in their unit dumps. The
mechanized rifle and tank divisions retain reserves sufficient to re-
fuel their units 11/½ times. Reserves in their regiments are suffici-
ent to refuel regimental elements up to 70 percent of capacity.
b. Corps does not maintain POL reserves. However, all nondi-
visional corps elements retain fuel reserves in their unit dumps as
stated above.

357. Ration and Water Supply

a. The exploitation of local ration resources is a standard prac-
tice in the Aggressor army, particularly for perishable rations.
The regular ration averages 5.5 to 5.7 pounds. A special dry ra-
tion of about 2 pounds is used as an emergency ration. Rations
are normally distributed throughout the Aggressor army as fol-
lows:
(1) Army Depots-5 dry and 5 regular rations.
(2) Corps-There are no corps depots. Units within the
corps hold reserves as shown below.
(3) Division Dumps-Approximately 4 rations.
(4) Regimental Dumps-Approximately 21/2 rations.
(5) Battalion or smaller units-1 ration.
b. Unit engineers operate water supply points.

358. General Purpose Transportation and Combat Vehicles

General purpose transportation vehicles are supplied by the
Main Administration of motor transport, a subordinate agency of
the Chief of Rear Services. Combat vehicles are furnished by the
headquarters of the tank and mechanized troops. Prime movers
are furnished by the artillery chief of the army or army group
command. Below army, all vehicles are supplied through the
AGO 3770B 177
motor transportation supply element of the rear services head-
quarters. Agencies that supply vehicles are also responsible for
providing for the maintenance beyond unit capabilities.

359. Specialized Equipment

Specialized equipment is furnished by the technical service con-
cerned. At division level, most of the specialized equipment is sup-
plied by a technical section under the Chief of Rear Services.

Section III. REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE

360. General
Unit repair shops are organized to repair all types of combat
materiel and armament. Mobile shops are assigned to unit service
elements. Units are expected to salvage any of their equipment
that is disabled in combat. Equipment exposed to nuclear con-
tamination is evacuated to decontamination points for cleaning
and then to repair shops for repair or salvage. Collection, salvage
and evacuation of Aggressor and enemy materiel are the respon-
sibility of salvage agencies subordinate to the rear services at
divison and higher echelons.

361. Field Maintenance

a. Combat vehicles are maintained and repaired by elements of
the tank and mechanized troops. General purpose vehicles are
serviced by motor transportation elements of the rear services.
In rifle divisions and rifle regiments, both functions are per-
formed by small motor maintenance sections subordinate to the
rear services. Special attention is given to the maintenance and
evacuation of tanks. Unit replacement is emphasized. Mechanic
teams service tank companies; workshop platoons service bat-
talions; and larger units service regiments and divisions. Armies
have larger units for more extensive repairs. Aggressor preven-
tive maintenance for armored vehicles approximates United
States practices. Second echelon maintenance is performed by
regiments and battalions after a vehicle has been in operation for
9,000 miles. Third echelon maintenance is performed in regi-
ments and divisions after operation for 18,000 miles.
b. Aggressor pays particular attention to the operation of arm-
ored vehicles in winter. Preheating devices for fuel injectors and
motors are installed in tanks that are to operate in extremely
cold areas. Coils carrying heated water are installed in crew
compartments. Idlers and bogies are cleaned and tracks are
loosened for movement over ice and snow.

178 AGO 3770B

c. The Chief of Artillery at each level is responsible for weapons
maintenance and repair. An echelon system similar to that used
for vehicle repair is used. Artillery weapons are repaired at all
echelons. Division level workshops perform light and partial me-
dium repair of weapons and equipment. Mobile shops make emer-
gency repairs in combat areas but division workshops are usu-
ally located at division supply points and repairs are made there.
At the army level, mobile repair shops function under the weap-
ons-repair group of the artillery supply section. Armorers in those
shops replace major parts and assemblies, dismantle damaged
weapons, make parts, and do other similar repair work. Medium
repairs on infantry and artillery weapons at army level are per-
formed in rail-mounted shops. Major repairs are performed in
the homeland.

Section IV. MEDICAL EVACUATION

362. General
The mission of the Aggressor Army Medical Service is to bring
medical aid as far forward as possible and to expedite the evacua-
tion of casualties. In addition, the service is responsible for epi-
demic control, for general preventive medicine, for the mainte-
nance of sanitary conditions, and for the inspection of food and
water supply.
363. Organization
At ministerial level the Chief of the Rear Services administers
the medical activities of the Aggressor army through the Main
Directorate of Medical Service. During wartime, general and
specialized hospitals are located in the zone of the interior and at
army group and army levels. The Ministry of Health controls
hospitals in the zone of the interior. Mobile hospitals are organ-
ized at division level. The evacuation chain extends from these
hospitals forward through the various unit echelons to company
level. Corps headquarters normally have no medical facilities.
Each combat division has a small medical battalion. Regimental
medical units provide medical platoons to battalions. Aid men
from the battalion medical platoon are made available to each
company. Casualties are evacuated by the higher unit in the chain
of command, except the rifle corps. Available Army transport
moving to the rear is used for this purpose.
364. Treatment of Casualties
Aggressor field medical installations provide immediate medical
aid to casualties. Usually, only first aid is given at the company
AGO 3770B 179
level, and casualties are moved to battalion medical points as soon
as practicable. Actual medical treatment starts at the battalion
medical point. Evacuation from there to higher echelons is expe-
dited. Hospitals are maintained as far forward as possible to
speed treatment.
365. Evacuation
a. Casualties are evacuated from the company area to the bat-
talion medical point by litter bearers. Generally four litter bearers
are made available to each company. The regimental medical com-
pany evacuates casualties from the battalion to the regimental
medical point. The company uses its own ambulances and any
other available transportation, including helicopters. Regimental
medical points usually are located from 1 to 3 miles behind
the line of contact. The regimental medical point classifies and
tags casualties, checks and changes bandages, provides emergency
surgical treatment, and cares for patients who cannot be evacu-
ated safely. Casualties are assigned priority tags to indicate the
order in which they are to be evacuated.
b. The division medical battalion is established about 6 miles
from the line of contact. This unit is responsible for evacuating
casualties from the regimental medical points to the division med-
ical points or to attached surgical hospitals located 15 to 20 miles
behind the line of contact. Major surgery is performed at both
the divisional medical point and at the mobile hospitals. Casual-
ties expected to recover within about 3 days are normally not evac-
uated beyond the division. The more seriously wounded or ill are
sent to army clearing stations usually located near the main roads.
From there, they pass to army hospitals in the army rear areas.
At these installations, casualties expected to recover within 30
days are retained and the remainder are sent on to either army
group hospitals or hospitals operated by the Ministry of Health.

180 AGO 3770B

CHAPTER 15
REFERENCE DATA

Section I. AGGRESSOR WEAPONS

366. Small Arms
a. The rifle is semiautomatic and similar to the US M-1. The
light machinegun is a BAR-type automatic weapon. The heavy
machinegun is simply constructed, air-cooled, and belt-fed. The
barrel of this machinegun can be changed in a few seconds. The
submachinegun is similar in design to the US M-3 submachine-
gun. All Aggressor small arms fire the same cartridge.
b.
Effective range
Type in meters
Submachinegun ___________________________---------- - - Up to 180
Light machinegun ______________________________--
- - - - - Up to 730
- - -
Heavy machinegun ______________________________-- - Up to 1,000
Rifle ____________________________________…________ ....Up to 550
Pistol____----__________________________________.__._____ Up to 50

367. Mortars
Weapon Maximum range meters Transportation
81-mm__-----____3,600 __________Hand carry, hand-drawn cart, within a
vehicle.
120-mm __________5,500 _--_ .___. Vehicle towed by means of a muzzle
clamp.
150-mm __________7,300 -_________Vehicle towed by means of a muzzle
clamp.
220-mm*"--_______9,000 __
-- -___- Vehicle towed by means of a muzzle
clamp.
*This weapon can fire nuclear rounds with yields of 0.5 KT, 1 KT or 2 KT.

368. Field Artillery (Towed Cannon)

Penetration
Maximum range centimeters, 450
Weapon (meters) meters, at 00
80-mm gunl--_________________________18,000 ____________________-12.7
120-mm howitzer _______________________13,000 ._______________________
120-mm gun __________________________22,000 _____________________22.9
150-mm howitzer ______________________15,500 ___
- -- ------------
--- --
150-mm gun ___________________________32,000 .______________________
205-mm gun-howitzer 2 _________________24,500 --______-- ____________--
1 Has an auxiliary engine which permits movement for short distances without a prime
mover. Can be employed for indirect or antitank fire.
2 This weapon can fire nuclear rounds with yields of 0.5 KT, 1 KT, 2 KT or 5 KT.

AGO 3770B 181

369. Self-Propelled Artillery (Cannon)
a. All Aggressor self-propelled artillery, unless otherwise speci-
fied, is heavily armored and can exist on the tank-to-tank battle-
field. Essentially, they are tanks with nonrevolving turrets. Guns
of 120-mm caliber, or greater, are mounted on modified heavy
tank chassis. Guns of smaller caliber are mounted on modified
medium tank chassis.
b.
Penetration
Maximum range centimeters, 450
Weapon (meters) meters, at 00

80-mm self-propelled gun------________-18,000 _________. ........- 12.7

105-mm self-propelled gun _____________16,500 _______.------------. 15.8
120-mm self-propelled gun ______________16,500 …___ .......22.9
….___…__
300-mm gun*________________________________ ________________________

*This weapon is not armored. It can fire nuclear rounds with yields of 10 KT, 20 KT,
or 50 KT.

370. Antitank Artillery and Recoilless Rifles

a. All Aggressor antitank artillery guns, except the 55-mm
gun, can be employed for indirect fires. Recoilless rifles fire anti-
personnel ammunition (canister type) as well as armor-piercing
ammunition.
b.
Penetration
Maximum range centimeters, 450
°
Weapon (meters) meters, at 0

55-mm antitank gun', -___-_____________ 9,000 _______----------10.1

80-mm gun 2___________________________ 18,000 _______----------12.7
105-mm antitank gun2 __________________ 16,500 _______---------- 15.8
80-mm recoilless rifle 3 _--______________ 1,800 (direct fire)
4,500 (indirect fire) ____15.8
80-mm recoilless rifle _________________. 1,800 (direct fire)
6,500 (indirect fire) ....
____26.4
80-mm rocket launcher 4________________ 100 _________________20.3
I May be towed or mounted in a lightly armored tracked carrier or in a wheeled vehicle
without change in ballistic characteristics.
2 Has an auxiliary engine which permits moving the piece for short distances without a
prime mover.
3 Equipped with a two-wheeled mount for towing.
4 Squad antitank weapon, fires shaped charge.

371. Antiaircraft Artillery

Maximum rate Maximum effective Maximum effective
of fire vertical range in horizontal
Weapon rnd per min meters range in meters
15-mm (squad)l_____ ___ 2,400_ ____ 975____________---- 1,400
15-mm (twin) _________- 1,200______ 975 _____________-- 1,400
40-mm antiaircraft gun___. 120______ 1,600 ________-______ 5,000 HE

182 AGO 3770B

Maximum rate Maximum effective Maximum effective
of fire vertical range in horizontal
Weapon rnd per min meters range in meters
55-mm antiaircraft gun"___ 150_____.. 4,500 (off carriage 1,800 AP
radar control). 9,000
2,000 (on carriage
control).
10,500 (radar 13,000
control).
80-mm antiaircraft gun___. 20 ______12,000___________-- 18,280
105-mm antiaircraft gun___. 15______14,000 (radar 23,000
control).
Surface-to-air-missile 3 , 6 ______10,000 -______________ 20,000
(SALLY) 15
Surface-to-air-missile 4 , 6 ____- 19,000 ____--
___--.--- 42,000 (25
(SAMMY) 1 miles).
Surface-to-air-missile5 , 6 ______30,000 ______________
-- 130,000 (80
(SARAH) 0.5 miles).
1 May appear in towed or self-propelled version.
2 Also appears in a twin version mounted in a modified medium tank chassis. This version
is issued to mechanized and tank units.
3 The SALLY is a single stage solid fuel propellant missile designed for low altitude
protection. The missile and its associated equipment are normally mounted in the
amphibious armored carrier (AC3) described in paragraph 377. For airborne operations
the SALLY and its associated equipment are mounted in light trucks. A SALLY battery
can engage up to five targets simultaneously. SALLY does vot have a surface-to-surface
capability.
4 The SAMMY is a two stage solid fuel propellant missile. It can be employed from
field or permanent installations. SAMMY can engage airborne targets above the radar
horizon. The fire control system has a capacity of 25 simultaneous targets at maximum
altitude and range. The missile can also be used for surface-to-surface fires but only
at the rate of one missile per battery every five minutes. SAMMY can fire a nuclear
warhead of 0.5 KT, 1 KT or 2 KT.
5 The SARAH is a two stage solid fuel propellant missile. It can be employed from field
or permanent installations. The missile is designed for high altitudes and long range
surface-to-air missions. SARAH can fire a nuclear warhead of 2KT or 10KT and can
also be used for surface-to-surface fires.
6;The SALLY missile is named BULTURO by Aggressor.
The SAMMY missile is named SAGO by Aggressor.
The SARAH missile is named AGLO by Aggressor.

372. Artillery Rocket Launchers (Nonnuclear)

Maximumn range
Type of weapons Number of rockets (meters) Mount
150-mm rocket launcher __________16 _______ 9,000 ... 6x6 truck chassis
250-mm rocket launcher __________12 _______-9,000 __ High speed tractor

373. Artillery Rockets (Nuclear)

Minimum
time between
Weapon Range Mount Yield successive rounds
ROCKO 3 5-15 miles Full-tracked 2, 10, 20 KT 30 min.
amphibious tank
chassis 1.
RUDY 3 10-50 Heavy tank 10, 20, 50, 40 min.
chassis 2. 100 KT
I Cannot be fired while afloat.
2 Rocket is raised to vertical position by hydraulic jacks for firing.
:1ROCKO is named NERONO by Aggressor.
RUDY is named KOLOSSO by Aggressor.

AGO 3770B 183

374. Artillery Ballistic Missiles (Nuclear)
a. All Aggressor ballistic missiles can also fire high explosive
warheads. MICKY and MASHA missiles employ solid fuel pro-
pellents; MORRIS and MOE employ liquid fuel propellents.
b.
Minimum time
between
Weapon Range Mount Yield successive rounds
MICKY 3 50-150 Heavy tank 10, 20, 50, 100, 1 hr
miles chassis.1 200, and 500
(80-240 KT; 1, 5 MT
km).
MASHA 3 150-350 Towed on 50, 100, 200, 2 hr
miles high speed and 500 KT;
(240-560 trailer. 1, 5, MT
km).
MORRIS 2, 3 350-1500 100, 200 KT 6 hr
miles 500 KT, 1
(560-2400 MT, 5 MT
km).
MOE 2, 3 1500-6000 500 KT; 1, 5, 6 hr
miles 20 MT
(2400-9600
km).
1 The missile is carried in an external container.
The missile has a built-in pedestal for vertical launching.
2 Requires permanent installation for firing.
3 MICKY is named TONDRO by Aggressor.
MASHA is named FULMO by Aggressor.
MORRIS is named SUPRO by Aggressor.
MOE is named TERURO by Aggressor.

375. Tanks
a. Fuel. All Aggressor tanks use diesel fuel. Angles of armor
increase protective effectiveness, particularly on turrets and front
hull.
b. General
Penetration
centimeters.
Main Maximum Maximum range 450 mtrs Weight
Type armament road speed (in board fuel) at 0o (tons)
Heavy ._____.120-mm
gun 30 MPH 140 miles 23 54
Medium ____-105-mm gun 30 MPH 250 miles 18 40
Amphibious__ 30-mm gun 25 MPH 1 160 miles 13 16'
1 Water speed is 6 MPH.

c. Armor Thickness, Inches.

Type Turret Front Side
Heavy______________ 10 centimeters 10 centimeters 6 centimeters
Medium ____________7.5 centimeters 7.5 centimeters 4 centimeters
Amphibious_________. 4 centimeters 4 centimeters 2 centimeters

184 AGO 3770B

Section II. AGGRESSOR EQUIPMENT
376. Helicopters
a.
Capacity with full
load in tons or
Maximum range in passenger combat
Maximum speed miles with full equipped personnel
with full load load or litter cases
Tons Pass Litters
Light helicopter (H-l) 85 knots 180 11
Light helicopter (H-2) 115 knots 190 3, 4 3 23
Medium helicopter (H-3) 110 knots 200 3, 4 2. 16 8
Heavy helicopter (H-4) 120 knots 220 3, 4 4.5 40 20
Very heavy helicopter (H-5) 150 250 3, 4 7.5 60 30
knots

1 Pilot only. H-1 can land on water.

2 Equipped with pods to carry two litter casualties externally.
3 Capable of carrying 80-mm gun and trucks comparable to US ¾4-ton truck.
4
Equipped with rear ramp for rapid loading and unloading.

b.
(1) The light helicopter (H-2) and the medium helicopter
(H-3) can be equipped with machineguns and rockets
up to 5 inches in diameter.
(2) The light helicopter (H-2), the medium helicopter (H-3),
and the heavy helicopter (H-4) can be equipped with
external bomb racks. Total bomb capacity is approxi-
mately 50 percent of the maximum rated cargo capacity.

377. Armored Carriers

a. Aggressor armored carriers do not have permanent armored
overhead covers. They can be fitted with blanket-type overhead
covers that afford protection against shell fragments. All Aggres-
sor armored carriers can be armed with machineguns, equipped
with radios, and can be used as a prime mover.
b.
Type Passenger capacity Road speed Armor thickness
Light armored carrier, 4x4 10_______ 50 MPH _____1.25 centimeters
(AC 1).
Medium armored carrier, 6x6 14_______ 40 MPH _____1.25 centimeters
(AC 2)1.
Amphibious armored carrier 20------- 25 MPH_ ___- 1.25 centimeters
(AC 3)2.

1 Limited standard. Found in Aggressor satellite forces. Aggressor forces are equipped
with the amphibious armord carrier (AC 3).
2 Track-laying vehicle. Water speed is 6 MPH.

AGO 8770B 185

378. Amphibious Vehicle
Passenger Cargo
Type Road speed Water speed capacity capacity

Light amphibious truck, 4x4 40 MPH____. 3 MPH__--_ 3_______400 lb

3 (BEETLE).
Medium amphibious truck, 6x6 50 MPH____. 6 MPH__..__20--_____ 3 tons
1, 3 (BUG).
Tracked amphibious vehicle 25 MPH____.11 MPH____ 50- -____
7 tons
1, 2, 3 (SPIDER).

1 Equipped with tail gate and ramp to facilitate loading.

2 Can carry an 80-mm gun with crew and light prime mover.
3 BEETLE is named LACERTO by Aggressor.
BUG is named LIMO by Aggresscr.
SPIDER is named ARANEO by Aggressor.

379. Aircraft
Trpe Engine Maxzmum speed Maxrimum range

Fighter 1,4 Single jet ________850 knots________

-800 miles
(LEE).
Attack 1, 2, 4 Single jet________750 knots____-- ___ 600 miles
(WASP).
Bomber 3, 4 Twin jet _________900 knots_------__1,000 miles
(CHUCK)
Transport 4 Twin jet----___ _ 650 knots_ _---___3,000 miles
(HAULER).
Artillery Observation Turboprop _______275 knots -_______ 400 miles
(PEEPER).
1 May be used for photographic reconnaissance.
2 Capable of carrying nuclear bomb externally.
3 Capable of carrying nuclear bombs.
4 LEE is named PAFAJO by Aggressor.
WASP is named DETRUIJO by Aggressor.
CHUCK is named FORVISO by Aggressor.
HAULER is named 'PORTIJO by Aggressor.
PEEPER is named VIDO by Aggressor.

Section III. SELECTED AGGRESSOR UNIT TABLES OF PRINCIPAL

WEAPONS AND TRANSPORTATION
380. Tables of Weapons and Transportation
The following tables list the principal weapons and transporta-
tion of selected Aggressor organizations:

186 AGO 3770B

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Table XV. Artillery Regiment, Rifle Division, PrincipalWeapons
and Transportation

Small arms Artillery Trans

Unit m

E 2
a 0 b

How Bn (3) 588 114 18 36 90

Gun Bn 196 38 6 12 30
Mortar Bn 196 38 6 8 30
Hq &Svc Btry 116 60 24 70
Total 1096 250 24 30 8 36 12 220

Table XVI. Anti-tank Artillery Battalion, Rifle Division, Principal Weapons

and Transportation

____ nit Small arms At Trans

Unit

AT Btry (3) 75 9 21 3 12 21
Hq Btry 45 8 4 2 4
Svc Btry 41 3 8 1 8
Total 161 20 33 6 12 33

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Table XXV. Rocket Launcher Battalion,Mechanized Rifle Division,
PrincipalWeapons and Transportation

Rocket
Small arms launchers Veh

Unit r

.0

0 E

Rocket
Launcher Btry (3) 84 27 42 6 18 18
Hq & Svc Btry 94 15 11 24
Total 178 42 53 6 18 42

Table XXVI. Rocket Launcher Battalion, Tank Division,

PrincipalWeapons and Transportation

Rocket
Small arms launchers Trucks

Unit E

Total 150 33 39 4 12 36

AGO 3770B
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Table XXVIII. Typical AntiaircraftArtillery Division PrincipalWeapons
AA

Unit E

Gun Regt (1) 4 24

Gun Btry (6)
SALLY Msl Bn 30
Msl Btry (15)
SAMMY Msl Bn 24
Msl Btry (12)
AW Regt (1) 4 24
AW Btry (6)
Total 8 24 24 24 30

Section IV. AGGRESSOR TIME AND SPACE FACTORS

381. General
a. Calculations. Tables XXX, XXXI, and XXXII give time and
space factors for units of the rifle, mechanized rifle, and tank di-
visions, respectively. If the strength in personnel and vehicles of
other units is known, time and space factors may be readily deter-
mined through use of basic road spaces as shown in paragraph
382.
b. Explanation of Factors. Factors given are based on Aggres-
sor marching capabilities under the following conditions:
(1) Favorable weather and terrain.
(2) Troops physically fit and trained in the type of march
which is under consideration.
(3) Road marches made on average improved roads.
(4) No interference with the march because of enemy actions
or threats.
382. Basic Road Spaces
a. Foot Troops. The following factors for foot troops are based
on an average distance of 2 yards between men for route marches
and 5 yards for tactical marches:
Yards per man
Route Tactical
Formation march march
Single file _------ __--------
-_______---- -_ 3.0 6.0
Column of twos __________________________ 1.5 3.0
Column of threes__________________________ 1.2 2.0
Column of fours ____--
________-___________ 1.0 1.5
b. Vehicles. The following road spaces are the lengths to the
AGO 3770B 203
nearest yard of individual vehicles commonly employed by Ag-
gressor.
Road space
Vehicle yards
Armored carrier _________________---------------------------- 5
Motorcycle _______-___--------------------------------------- 3
Tanks:
Heavy _________---------------___-__________ ___________ 11
Heavy, with towed load __________------------------------ 15
Medium-________________________________________
-10
Medium, with towed load __________________________________ 14
Tractor, heavy, with towed load ___________________----------- 9
Tractor, medium, with towed load --- ___________--------------- 9
Trucks:
Average for all trucks ____________________________________ 8
Average for all trucks with towed load ____________________ 11
Weapons, self-propelled:
80-mm self-propelled gun _____---------------------------- 9
105-mm self-propelled gun _------------------------------- 10
120-mm self-propelled gun ________------------------------ 11
Average per vehicle in mixed column ________------------------ 10
c. Use of Basic Road Space Tables.
(1) Foot elements of a rifle battalion marching under tacti-
cal conditions in column of twos will occupy a road space
of 393 X 3.0 (a above) = 1,179 yards.
(2) To determine the road space of a column of vehicles-
(a) Multiply the number of each type of vehicle by the
road space (b above) of each vehicle of that type.
(b) Add the products thus obtained.
(c) Multiply the distance in yards between vehicles by the
total number of vehicles less one.
(d) Add (b) and (c).
(e) An alternative and more rapid solution is to multiply
the average length per vehicle in a mixed column (10
yards) by the total nutnber of vehicles, and add the
resultant product to the total distance in yards be-
tween vehicles ((c) above).
(3) Normally, the distance in yards between vehicles will
equal the speedometer reading (miles per hour) multi-
plied by a speedometer multiplier (SM) of 2 for night
marches and an SM of 4 for daylight marches.

383. Rates, Length of Marches, and General Rules

a. Under Favorable Conditions (table XXIX).
b. Marches in Snow.
(1) Foot troops marching in snow will have their rate of
march decreased depending on the varying nature and
depth of the snow. Normally snow of 2 feet or more in

204 AGO 3770B

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depth will prevent foot marches unless skis or snowshoes
are used. For troops equipped with skis or snowshoes
and adequately trained in their use, the following rates
of march are applicable:
-----
Snowshoes.______________________ Y2 to 22 miles per hour
Skis -_______________________ to 31/2
1/_______.1 miles per hour
(Small bodies of well-trained troops are capable of mov-
ing 40 miles a day on skis under favorable conditions.)
(2) Wheeled motor movements can be made across country,
depending on the terrain. However, special measures
to permit movement must be adopted.
Snouw depth, inches Measures required for movement
3___--__________None
6-______________Chains on rear wheels
6-18___________-Chains all-around, special traction
grousers on trail-breaking vehicles
18 and over_____ Snowplow.
(3) Tracked vehicles are not impeded to any appreciable de-
gree by new-fallen snow up to 2 feet in depth. Icing con-
ditions or layers of crusted snow may require the use
of tank dozers or snowplows.
c. Forced Marches of Foot Elements. Seasoned troops, when
well rested before beginning the march and moving on good roads
in good weather, are capable of marching 12 hours per day at an
overall (for 24 hours) daily average rate of 1.25 miles per hour,
or 30 miles per day for protracted periods.
d. Rules for CalculatingAggressor March Capabilities. Follow-
ing are rules for calculating Aggressor capabilities:
(1) Starting time and place are time and place unit was last
reported.
(2) Select logical point unit must reach to start a particular
course of action.
(3) March distance is distance from (1) to (2) above.
(4) Arrival time is starting time plus march time plus clos-
ing time. This total time is rounded off to the nearest
5 minutes. In case of a withdrawal, closing time is not
computed. In case of a piecemeal action, compute the ar-
rival time of the nearest Aggressor unit that can initiate
the action; closing time is not computed.
(5) (a) For distances of 20 miles or more, rifle battalions
and rifle regiments normally move by motor. For dis-
tances less than 20 miles, these units normally move
by foot unless specifically provided transportation.
(b) For distances more than 40 miles the rifle division will
normally move by motor employing attached transpor-
tation. For distances less than 40 miles, the entire

206 AGO 3770B

rifle division normally will make a motor movement
by shuttling with organic vehicles.
(6) Compute foot marching time for reinforcements for all
distances when there are no indications that there are
sufficient vehicles to motorize the unit. If a unit is ob-
served in trucks, compute only the motor marching time.
(7) Consider motor march of over 175 miles as a forced
march for motorized rifle units and over 140 miles as a
forced march for tank and mechanized units. This can-
not be continued indefinitely but must be adjusted to
actual conditions. The rate of march is not changed. See
table XXIX for forced march capabilities.
(8) At the beginning of morning nautical twilight (BMNT)
if the column is not closing, change the rate of march
from night to day. If the column is in the process of
closing at BMNT, continue to close the column at the
night rate of march.
(9) At the end of the evening nautical twilight (EENT), if
the column is not closing, change the rate of march from
day to night. If the column is in the process of closing
at EENT, continue to close the column at the day rate
of march.
(10) To move an Aggressor rifle or mechanized rifle battalion,
move and close entire unit.
(11) To move an Aggressor rifle or mechanized rifle regiment,
not moving as part of a division movement, move and
close two battalions.
(12) To move an Aggressor rifle division, move and close two
entire rifle regiments.
(13) To move an Aggressor tank regiment, move and close en-
tire unit.
(14) To move an Aggressor tank or mechanized rifle division:
(a) on one road, move and close two-thirds of division's
time length.
(b) on two or more roads (approximately equal distance),
move and close one-third of division's time length.
(15) When a unit is less than full strength, close it as though
full strength, irrespective of the amount of the shortage.
(16) Aggressor units are considered ready for coordinated
action when the rules listed in (10) through (15) have
been complied with.
e. March Tables. The following tables for Aggressor divisions
and their major subordinate elements are based on the basic time
and space factors shown in the preceding paragraphs (tables
XXX, XXXI and XXXII).

AGO 3770B 207

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212 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AG
3770B
Section V. AGGRESSOR ACTIVITIES
384. Attack
Attack indicated by:
Activity Explanation
Massing of rifle elements, Areas of secondary importance are often
armor, artillery, and logis- denuded in order to mass maximum
tical support. strength for main effort.
Deployment of combat ele- Normal attack formation provides for the
ments (rifle, armor, anti- second echelon of the regiment to be lo-
tank units) in echelon. cated initially up to 4 miles in rear of
the line of contact; division second eche-
lon from about 4 miles in rear of the
line of contact; and corps second echelon
about 10 to 12 miles in rear of the line
of contact.
Forward units disposed on Normal frontage of rifle battalion for as-
relatively narrow fronts. sault is about 1 mile.
Concentration of mass to- Single or double envelopment is normally
ward either or both flanks. attempted in the offense. Armored and
mechanized units massed on either or
both flanks may indicate single or double
envelopment.
Extensive artillery prepara- Offensive built around the striking power
tion. and shock of massed artillery. Prepara-
tions of 1/4 to '2 hour normally precede
offensive.
Artillery positions well for- Artillery positions for the attack are well
ward and concentrated. forward, with direct fire weapons, artil-
lery pieces, and large numbers of mortars
concentrated.
Dispersal of tanks and self- Tanks accompany leading waves of assault
propelled guns to forward rifle units. Self-propelled guns follow
units. tanks closely by bounds.
Medium antiaircraft guns lo- Medium antiaircraft guns displaced for-
cated in forward areas. ward prior to attack to protect assault
forces and to facilitate forward displace-
ment during the attack.
Clearing lanes through ob- Lanes are cleared and marked through
stacles within own position. mined areas, and ramps and bridges pre-
pared over ditches' and trenches within
Aggressor's own position. This is done
prior to attack to facilitate forward move-
ment and grouping, particularly at night.
Reconnaissance and destruc- Usually on night preceding attack, Aggres-
tion of obstacles which sor patrols reconnoiter enemy obstacles
are part of enemy defenses. to determine plan for clearing lanes.
Patrol destroys only such obstacles as will
not disclose direction of main effort.
Demonstrations and feints__ Local, small-scale attacks of demonstrations
involving rifle units, armor, and artillery
frequently precede a general attack.

AGO 3770B 213

Activity Explanation
Construction of jumpoff Jumpoff trenches are constructed approxi-
trenches. mately 200 yards from line of contact.
Several trenches are normally constructed
for assault troops, their supporting wea-
pons, and reserves. The distance between
trenches is from 200 to 300 yards.
Conducting drills and re- Major attacks may be preceded by re-
hearsals in rear areas. hearsals. This is particularly true of
attacks against fortified positions or
strongly defended river lines.
Establishment and strength- Counterreconnaissance screens are used to
ening of counterreconnais- cover possible assembly areas, routes of
sance screen. troop movement, or regrouping of forces
to be used in the attack.
Movement of hostile units Prior to launching an attack, troops may be
forward. moved to assembly areas from which they
can deploy.
Location of enemy troops in Troops are assembled in areas from which
forward assembly areas. they can launch the attack.
Increased patrolling. Patrolling by rifle units is usually more ac-
tive before an attack.
Increased activity in rear Before an attack, supply and administra-
areas. tive activities increase in the rear areas.
Location of supply and evacu- Supply and evacuation installations are usu-
ation installations well for- ally located well forward for an attack.
ward.
Increased air reconnaissance_ Air reconnaissance is usually more active
before an attack.
Systematic air bombardment_ Before the attack, Aggressor may engage
in systematic "softening up" of enemy
position by bombardment.

385. Centralized Position Defense

Centralized position defense indicated by:
Activity Explanation
Formation of antitank strong- Antitank strongpoints are formed along
points. logical avenues of approach for armor.
These are made up of rifle, engineer, and
antitank gun units with positions
strengthened by mines, ditches, and other
obstacles.
Artillery positions in depth In the defense, artillery position areas are
and disposed laterally. in depth from about 3,000 to 8,000 yards
behind the forward edge of the main de-
fense zone and are laterally disposed.
Preparation of alternate ar- In normal defensive operations, three posi-
tillery positions. tions are prepared for each firing battery.
Employment of roving artil- Roving guns are a part of normal defensive
lery. operations.

214 AGO 3770B

Activity Ezplanation

Forward rifle battalions dis- Rifle battalion strong points are organized
posed for all-around protec- for all-around defense.
tection.
Large armored units located Armored units are held beyond enemy ar-
well to the rear. tillery range for employment in counter-
attack role.
Preparation and occupation In the defense, separate and distinct de-
of successive defense lines. fense lines each are prepared and oc-
cupied.
Presence of demolitions, gas- Demolitions, and minefields and other ob-
sed areas, obstacles, and stacles are placed to cover approaches to
minefields. the position.
Deployment of rifle units on Dominating terrain having good fields of fire
good defensive terrain. and relatively inaccessible to tanks is
usually selected for a defensive position.
Dumping ammunition and en- Engineer tools and equipment may be used
gineer supplies and equip- to dig trenches and to erect obstacles.
ment; fortifying buildings.
Entrenching and erecting Digging of trenches and the erection of wire
bands of wire. indicate preparations to hold the position.
Location of command posts Command posts and supply and evacuation
and supply and evacuation installations are usually located well to
installations to rear. the rear.

386. Defense on Successive Positions

Defense on successive positions indicated by:
Activity Explanation

Unoccupied artillery positions Facilitates speedy retrograde displacements

prepared in depth and and permits relatively large expenditure
stocked with ammunition. of ammunition by covering forces.
Long-range artillery located Artillery fire is used to force early de-
well forward. ployment and disruption of advancing
enemy force.
Movement of forward ele- Forward units seek to effect maximum de-
ments to the rear before ployment and disruption of enemy force
becoming closely engaged. without becoming closely engaged.
Measures taken to improve Measures are taken well in advance of with-
routes and protect commu- drawal of forward units to facilitate and
nications bottlenecks to the protect rearward movements.
rear.
Movements to and occupation Troops located in these positions can cover
by reserves of positions in withdrawal of forward elements as well
rear or on flanks of the as counterattack pursuing forces.
position.
Surprise infantry and artil- Sudden, rifle unit and artillery attacks are
lery attack from an appar- launched to disrupt the enemy and thereby
ent defensive position. cover immediate withdrawal to rearward
positions.

AGO 3770B 215

Activity Explanation
Preparation of extensive This action will delay pursuing forces when
demolitions, obstacles mine- enemy forward units commence movement
fields, and gassed areas be- to rear over previously reconnoitered
hind or on flanks of pres- routes.
ent line of contact.
Loss of contact over broad Withdrawal is effected to next rearward
front. position by displacing entire units or all
units on the forward position simultane-
ously, usually under cover of darkness,
smoke, or heavy artillery concentration.
Enemy disposed on a broad Early development of maximum firepower
front with little depth. for short periods may increase delay. Dis-
position on a broad front will allow enemy
to oppose encircling forces on routes lead-
ing to his rear.
Construction of successive Delaying forces may prepare several posi-
lines of defense with from tions in depth. The main force occupies
8,000 to 12,000 yards be- the first position and the second echelon
tween lines. occupies the second position.

387. Withdrawal
Indications for withdrawal are the same as those for the defense
on successive positions with the addition of the following:
Activity Explanation
Rearward movement of long- In withdrawal, the first units to be with-
range artillery and supply drawn are long-range artillery and the
echelons. supply echelons which move back under
cover of darkness 1 or 2 days before the
main withdrawal.

388. Reinforcement
Reinforcement indicated by:
Activity Explanation
Movement of additional This action could increase enemy's present
troops toward the front. strength.
Increased traffic toward pres- This increased traffic may bring up addi-
ent position. tional troops and supplies.
Identification of new units in The presence of new units in addition to
combat zone. units already present will increase
enemy's strength.
Additional command posts Presence of additional units could cause
and supply and evacuation an increase in number of these installa-
installations. tions.

389. Atomic Warfare

Atomic warfare indicated by:
Activity Ezplanation
Heavily guarded movement Movement of supplies, equipment, and mate-
of supplies, equipment, and riel of nuclear nature requires special
materiel. security measures.

216 AGO 3770B

Activity Explanation
Heavily guarded areas of in- Sites for storage of nuclear supplies and the
stallations. locations of delivery units are heavily
guarded.
Presence of special troops or Specialists and special troop units are re-
special troop units. quired to handle nuclear weapons.
Evacuation of and exclusion Civilians may be evacuated from areas se-
of civilians from specific lected for nuclear storage or delivery sites.
areas suitable for nuclear
storage or delivery sites.
Increased or unusual air Delivery of nuclear weapons by air may
activity. require a temporary degree of local air
superiority, special photo missions, and/or
practice flight pattern runs by the de-
livery aircraft.
Location of missile and/or Missile and free rocket units must be lo-
free rocket units within cated within a certain distance from the
striking range of enemy frontlines.
areas.
Use of missiles and/or free Missiles or free rockets may be used to de-
rockets with high explosive liver high explosive warheads either in a
warheads. normal support role or a registration.
Preparation of very heavy Positions, primary and alternate, for
artillery positions. nuclear delivery artillery are prepared
prior to movement of the units.
Location of very heavy artil- Nuclear delivery artillery must be located
lery within supporting dis- within a certain distance from the front-
tance of frontlines. lines.
Registration of very heavy Registration may be required, using smoke,
artillery. low charge, or high explosive projectile,
prior to firing a nuclear projectile.
Special or unusual activity Frontline troops may construct special po-
by frontline troops. sitions, usually deep or covered foxholes,
or special shelters defiladed just in rear
of frontline positions.
Limited withdrawal of front- Frontline units may withdraw for a limi-
line units without apparent ted distance to avoid casualties from
tactical reason. close-in nuclear explosions.
Large concentrations of radio Concentration of equipment is necessary to
and other electronic equip- guide and control the guided missile, and
ment located in the vicinity must be located in close proximity of the
of suitable sites for guided launching site.
missile launching.
Sudden increase in communi- Increase may be incident to delivery of
cations and electronic ac- nuclear weapons, for example, last-minute
tivity. orders and warning and use of electronic
guidance and control.
Use of smoke cover on front- Smoke may be used to protect troops against
line troops. thermal effects of weapons used in close
support.

AGO 3770B 217

Activity Explanation
Disappearance of known Prior to nuclear attack of an area, agents
enemy agents from specific may be ordered to leave the area.
areas.
Movement of small but Small convoys carrying nuclear weapons or
heavily guarded convoys. delivery means will be heavily guarded.
Sudden and energetic digging Prior to use of nuclear weapons, frontline
in enemy areas. units may be ordered to dig deeper fox-
holes or take other individual protective
measures.
Mechanized divisions well Mechanized divisions will usually be em-
forward in offensive opera- ployed in offensive operations to promptly
tions. exploit effects of nuclear fires.
Elements of mechanized army In offensives conducted by larger units, the
well forward in offense. mechanized army is usually committed on
the first or second day of offensive.

218 AGO 3770B

APPENDIX
REFERENCES

DA Pam 108-1 Index of Army Motion Pictures, Filmstrips,

Slides and Phono-Recordings
DA Pam 310-3 Index of Training Publications
DA Pam 310--4 Index of Technical Manuals, Technical Bulle-
tins, Supply Bulletins, Lubrication Orders
and Modification Work Orders
AR 220-55 Field Exercises and Maneuvers
AR 310-6 Guide for Preparation of DA Training
Literature
AR 320-5 Dictionary of United States Army Terms
AR 320-50 Authorized Abbreviations and Brevity Codes
ATP 20-5 Army Training Program for Field Exercises
and Maneuvers
Army Subject Umpiring and Aggressor Forces
Schedule 6-30
FM 21-5 Military Training
FM 21-6 Techniques of Military Instruction
FM 21-30 Military Symbols
FM 30-101 The Maneuver Enemy
FM 30-103 Aggressor Order of Battle
FM 30-104 Aggressor Representation
FM 105-5 Maneuver Control

AGO 3770B 219

INDEX

Paragraph Page
Action upon contact ____________._________--__0------- 3, 105, 106 66, 67
Administration, armed forces __------____---_--------. 3, 5 4, 6
Administration, Navy____________________------------------- 12, 69, 70 8, 51
Administrative services _----------------------------- 17 9
Advance to contact ______-- ___--------- __- ----------- 91-102 61
Air:
Air arm, naval ______-- _----- ______-------------. 64, 70 48, 51
Army ____________--
- -------------------- 64-68 48
Control and cooperation- .---.--
___-_-------------- 64, 68 48, 49
Corps--_________---_--------------_----_ 65 48
Defense command, home ______________________---. 5, 64a 6, 48
Divisions -_________________-----_______________ 66, 67 49
Evacuation units __________---______-__- --------- 363 179
Force high command_______---- ______------------. 64a 48
Ground planning____________--______------------ 264 135
Long-range force---___--__---- ______--___-______. 64 48
Organization -- __---------------- _____-__
------ _ 64 48
Reconnaissance__--___----------_____________---- 68 49
Regiments_______-- ________---________________ _- 68 49
Support, airborne operations----_______--_-------. 283 143
Support, ground ______--__------- __------------.. 91, 185-190 61, 102
262-265 134
Tactics ___---_------
-_____----____
…________-- _- 186, 262 102, 134
Transport_______----_ _____ _------------------- 27 14
Troop carrier ---------------------------------- 283 143
Airborne:
Battalion___---__------------------------------- 47 35
Glider …___________--------------------------- 46b (3) 32
Parachute____.__---------------------- -46b(2), 46b(3) 32
Command___-------------------------------------- 275 140
*Corps--___------------------- .. ...----- 27, 46, 14, 32,
277 141
Division__________ __--------------------------- 46 32
----------------------------
Regiment:_______ -- 46 32
Mixed ___---_-----------
…_______-- -_--------- 46b(3) 32
Parachute___ -------------------------------- 46b (2) 32
Air forces: --
_________-___---__-----______---------- 4d 5
Army____________________________________
-- 64-68 48
General -_________________----_____---------- - 64 48
High command___-- ___---_-------_______________ 5 6
Organization -__________-_____--________________ 11, 68 8, 49
Regiments__________---_--------- _______--___ _- 68 49
Strength_ ----------____________----____________ 65 48
Amphibious operations-_____-- ______________________- 284-287 143

220 AGO 3770B

Paragraph Page
Antiaircraft:
Battalion:
AA division _______________________________.
-- 51 40
AA regiment ______________________________
-- 51 40
Airborne division ___________________________. 46b (8) 35
GHQ troops …_______________________________ 56 42
Mechanized rifle division______________________ 36c 21
Naval infantry ____________________________.
-- 72 51
Rifle corps--_________________________________ 26 13
Rifle division ______________________________-. 34b, 36c 19, 21
Battery:
Heavy tank regiment, mechanized rifle division___ 42e 27
Command ……------_________________------------- 258 133
Company ------_________________________________ 33c 18
Control, fire____________________________________
-- 260 134
Defense, in the _________________________________. 255-261 131
Division, army ______________________________
-- .__ 23, 24, 28, 12, 14,
30, 50 16, 39
Employment, forward areas-_____________-________ 257 132
Employment, rear areas________________________
-- 256 131
Machinegun company, airborne division __________. -- 47f 36
Missiles ________________________----------------
-- 21, 26, 11, 13,
51, 56, 40, 42,
255, 256, 371 131,182
Offense, in the__________________________________ 255 131
Regiment ______________________________--------- 19b, 36c, 10, 21,
56b, 65b 42, 48
Security ___________________-_________________
-- 94 62
Tactics _________________________________
- …---- 255-257, 259 131,133
Antitank:
Battalion:
Airborne division ___________________________. 46b(8) 35
Rifle division _____________--____--.---------- 36e 21
Brigade, army -_________________---------------- 49 36
Company:
Airborne rifle battalion_______________________ 47e 35
Rifle battalion ______________________________
--- 33d 18
Defense, units in the - -____________________________.
250-254 128
Offense, units in the ____________________________
-- 177-181 97
Regiment, GHQ troops __________________________
-- 57 42
Security ________________________________--
- - - - - 95 62
Weapons ____--_________________________________ 370 182
Areas, assembly ________________________________…_ _ 77, 120, 53, 75,
123, 134 77, 81
Armed forces __________________________________ … 3-15 4
Armed forces evaluation ____________________________
-- 4e 5
Armed forces general staff____________________________ 6 6
Armed forces high command - -_________________________
3-12 4
Armed forces ministry ____________________-__________ 5 6
Armor in support in rifle units - -___________.___________136 82
Armored carrier_________________________________… 377 185
Arms and services …-________________________________
16, 17, 18 9

AGO 3770B 221

Paragraph Page
Army:
Air - ___________…-
- - - - - - - - -- …--- - - - - - - - - 21 11
Evaluation___________________--_____________--- 4e 5
Field -25 ___________________________________ 13
Group ___________________________________-_____. 21 11
Mechanized ____________-__------ --------------- 21, 24 11, 12
Rifle _________________________-_________-------- 21, 23 11, 12
Artillery:
Antiaircraft ___________________-_________------- 50, 51, 39, 40,
56, 255-261, 42, 131,
271 138
Battalion: missile ______________--_-------.------- 49f 36
Brigades: ____________________ __________.------- 26, 46, 13, 36,
55 42
Antitank________________________________
-49d 36
Howitzer________________________________ 49c 36
Missile_____________________----------------- 49f 39
Mortar and rocket--___________________________ 49e 38
Corps …______________________-_____________
23, 25, 12, 13,
28, 49 14, 36
Division:__________________________ _____-______ 48 36
Antiaircraft _______________________________
-- 50, 51 39, 40
Howitzer ________________________________
-- 49c 36
Gun _____________________________________
-- 49b 36
Rifle army __________________________________.
-- 49a 36
Regiment:
Antiaircraft__ ____________________________
-- 50, 51, 39, 40,
56 42
Antiaircraft automatic weapons_____________--- 51e 40
Antitank, gun___________--------------------- 49d 36
Howitzer -__________________________________ 49a(5), 49e 36, 38
Gun________________________________________ 49a(4), 49b 36
Gun-howitzer____________________________ 49a(6), 49c 36
Missile _________________________------------ 49f 39
Mortar __________________
-___ ____________49a(2), 49e 36,38
Rocket launcher ____________________________ 49a(3), 49e 36, 38
Support, in the attack____________________________
- -175-184 97
Support, in the defense___________________________
- -246-249 127
Assault battalion, engineer (GHQ) __________________
- -- 58 42
Attachments______ _---_____________________________ 52, 82, 83 40, 55
Attack. (See Offense.)
Aviation:
Fighter, of air defense ____________________---__-- 64 48
Ground support- _________________________________
-- 65 48
Long-range_ ______________________________
_ - - -- 4, 64 5, 48
Naval -_______________________________________- 64 48
Basic doctrine -_____________________________________ 75-90 53
Battaiion: (rifle)
Defense, in the _________________________________. 229-243 120
Offense, in the__________________________________ 145-150 86
Biological warfare company___________________________ 60c, 266 45, 136

222 AGO 3770B

Paragraph Page
Biological warfare operations ________________________- 88, 266, 267, 58, 136,
260, 270 134, 138
Bomber:
Corps -----------------
_________________ 66 49
Division ________________________________…_- 67 49
Regiment ____._____-_________________________. 68 49
Long-range ______________________________
-- 64 48
Bombs, atomic __--- _____________________________ 379 186
Bridge battalion, fixed engineer (GHQ) -_______
-58 42
Bridge head…____________________________________ 328-335 161
Brigade:
Antitank, army. 28,49, 14, 36,
…___________________.-------
57 42
Artillery __________________________--------- 26, 49, 13, 36,
55 41
Corps, artillery ____________________________.
-- 49b 36
Engineer ____________________________---__-
-- 58 42
Naval rifle _________________________________. 72 51
Motor transportation _________--______--____- 61 45
Carrier, armored -___________________________________- 377 185
Characteristics of the defense ------------------------.. 191 105
Chemical troops __________________________________
-- 60, 269 44, 137
Chemical, biological, and radiological units ______________.
-- 60 44
Chemical warfare operations _________________________ 88, 266, 267, 58, 136,
269, 270 137, 138
Chief:
Arms and services _________________________-_____ 5 6
Staff, of ______…--
---- --- ---- --- ---- --- ---- --- 6, 7, 20 6, 10
Rear services, of __________________________--____ 5, 9, 18, 6, 7, 9,
90 60
Circle Trigon party:_________________________________- 3 4
Armed forces indoctrination _____________________
-- 4e 6
Armed forces political staff _______________________ 7 6
Government___--------------------------- 3 4
Combat:
Night __________________________________---__
--- 299-302 149
Snow and cold __________________________________… 288-293 145
Towns and cities __________________________-..____ 322-327 158
Woods and swamps_____________________________
- -294-298 147
Combat in cities __________________________________…- 322-327 158
Combat arms ______________________________
-- 16 9
Combined arms____________________________________ … 79, 83 54, 55
Command:
Air forces, high--_______________________________- 64, 68 48, 49
Airborne …________________________________._. _- 275 140
Armed forces high ______________________________- 3, 4 4, 5
Basic principles______________________________ … 79 54
Ground forces _____------------------------------ 16 9
Home air defense _______________________________. 5, 64a 6, 48
Navy high____________________________________
-- 12, 69 8, 51
Territorial ________________________…--- 13 8
Troop carrier _________________________________
-- 64 48
Unit____________________________________
-- 79 54
AGO 3770B 223
Paragraph Page
Commander in chief:
(Air forces, ground forces, home air defense, naval 5b 6
forces, and rear services).
Communications:
Company:
Countermeasure __------_-_____-______--- -- _ 59c 44
Intercept _____________________________-------
-- 59b 44
Monitoring_____________--------------------- 59a 44
Company:
Airborne rifle--___________________________________ 47c 36
Antiaircraft …___________________________________ 33c, 42e
18, 26
Antitank ________________________________
-- 33d, 34d,
18, 26,
41c 18
Armored carrier_________________________________ 38c 23
Engineer__ ________________________________
_ --- 32f, 58
18, 42
Headquarters ____________________________
-- 31b(5), 32c,
16, 17,
35a, 38a,
20, 23,
42a 26
Headquarters and service_________________________
- -33f, 41a
19,26
Machinegun ______________________________---
-- 336, 41d
18, 26
Mechanized rifle _________________________________ 41b, 42d,
26, 27,
43c 28
Mortar_________________________----------------- 33e, 34c 19
Motorcycle ______________________________
-- 38d 23
Recoilless rifle__________________________________ 34e 19
Reconnaissance ________________________________.
-- 32g, 43e
18, 28
Rifle ____________________________________
-- 33a 18
Self-propelled gun _______________________________ 34f, 35c
19, 20
Service ____________________________…________--- 32d, 35e,
17, 20,
38e, 42f,
23, 26,
43h 28
Signal __________________________________
-- 32e, 43f
18, 28
Tank--_________________________________________. 35b, 38b
20, 23
Transportation--__________________________ ------ 35d, 43g20, 28
Company in the attack (rifle)--_________________________ 146-150 86
Company in the defense (rifle)________________________
- -229-234 120
Concentration and dispersed action, airborne - -___________ 281 142
Concentration of mass________________________________
-- 76 53
Construction troops, military_________________________ 18b, 58 9, 42
Control in atomic warfare: ___________________________
-- 80 54
Control of nuclear weapons _______________________
-- 81 55
Corps:--_____________________________ -_ 19,25 10, 13
Air_______________------------------------------ 65, 66 48, 49
Airborne_-_______________-__-___-__- _ -____._____ 25, 27 13, 14
Artillery_______________________________-________ 25, 28, 13, 14,
49, 246-265 36, 127
Mountain -_________________-_____________________ 25, 29 13, 16
Rifle--______________________-------------------- 25, 26, 13, 13,
125-130, 78,,
209-216 112
Counterintelligence _____________________ … 86 57

224 AGO 3770B

Paragraph Page
Deception, combat measures___________________________ 91a 61
Defense:
Air support in:__________________________________
-- 262-265 134
Air-ground coordination __________________-__-. 264 135
General_________________________________ … 262 134
Missions …_____________
___________________
.- 263 135
Mutual, air-artillery 265 135
-________________________
Artillery support in: _____________________________ 246-265 127
Antiaircraft::________________________________ 255-261 131
Command _____________________________.
-- 258 133
Employment, forward __________________. -- 257 132
Employment, rear ___________________.___
-- 256 131
Fire control___________________________
- -260 134
General_________________________________ 255 131
Support ______________________________
-- 261 134
Tactics 259 133
-_____________________________
Antitank:____ ___________________________
-- 250-254 128
Employment, AT_____________________- __ 251 129
Employment, division artillery -___________252 129
Employment, tanks _________________--__ -- 253 130
Employment, mines & obstacles____________ 254 130
General_________________________________ 250 128
Fire missions______________________________
-- 247 127
General_________________________________
-- 246 127
Organizational__________________________
-- 248 127
Planning and control _______________________.
-- 249 128
Centralized position :___________________________ … 237-239 122
Frontages and depths--_______________________ 239 123
General_________________________________
-- 237 122
Zones ____________________________________-- 238 123
Decentralized position: 200-236 108
-___________________________
Counterattacks__________________________ … 208 111
Formation for_____________________________ … 206 111
General_________________________________ 200 108
Organization …____________________________….. 207 111
Rifle battalion and company:_________________ - -229-234 120
Conduct _______________________________
-- 234 122
Formation - -_____________________________
229 120
Frontage and depth____________________ - -230 120
Organization____________________________
..................................-- 231 120
Reserves________________________________… 232 121
Separate companies___ ______________________… - 233 121
Rifle corps: 209-216 112
-_____________________________
Antitank defense -________________________-__ 214 113
Conduct of ________________________________.
-- 215 113
Counterattack 216 114
-____________________________-
Formation -______________________________-- 209 112
Frontage and depth--_________________________ 210 112
Organization____________________________ … 211 112
Reserves ________________________________ … 212 112
Rifle division: 217-222 115
-_____________________________
Conduct of 222 117
-_____________________________

AGO 3770B 225

Paragraph Page
Defense-Continued
Rifle division-Continued
Formation______________________----------- 217 115
Frontage and depth ________________--------.
-- 218 115
Organization _________________-------------- 219, 221 115
Reserves …__________________________________ 220 116
Rifle regiment: . .___________________________-___
223-228 117
Conduct_________________________________
-- 228 119
Counterattack . 228c 119
.____________________.______
Formation ________________________________
-- 223 117
Frontage and depth .............................-- 224 118
Organization …_____________________--____..- 225 118
Reserves ______________________-------------- 226 118
Separate companies -_________---------------- 227 118
Tank and mechanized rifle division ________________ -- 235-236 122
Zones: ________________________________________ 201-204 109
Main …____________________________________ .. 202 110
Rear -____________________________________- 204 110
Second __________________________________ … 203 110
-Security …_______________________________-
-- 201 109
General:________________________________ … 191-199 105
Concept _________________________________
-- 191 105
Conduct_________________________________ … 196 106
Counterattack ___________________________--.
-- 198 107
General withdrawal ________________________.
-- 199 108
Nuclear fires _______________________________- 197 107
Organization ____________________________… _ 193, 194 106
Planning ________________________________
-- 195 106
Types of defense_____________________________ 192 105
Successive position:_____________________________
-- 240-245 123
Conduct _________________________________
-- 245 126
Frontage and depth________________________
- -244 125
General ……_____________________.____________ 240 123
Nuclear fires ________________________________ 241 124
Obstacles_______________________________
-- 242 124
Organization--____________________________-- 243 124
Defensive, tactical principles 191,192 105
._________________________
Defensive tactics, general ___________________________… 191-199 105
Depths and frontages. (See Frontages and Depths.)
Deputy commander--___________________-____________ 9, 20 7, 10
Dispersion: ___________-_____________________________ 77, 85c 53, 56
Assembly areas, of 77 53
._____________________________
Districts, military and naval--_________________________ 14 8
Division artillery:
Airborne division __-______________________________ 46b(8) 35
Mechanized rifle division__________________________ 39f, 44 24, 28
Rifle division _______________________-___________ 36 21
Tank division _________- -- ______________________ 44, 45e 28, 31
Division:
Airborne _________……_____________________________ 27, 30 14, 16
Air, type____________________________________
-67 49

226 AGO 3770o

Paragraph Page
Division--Continued
Antiaircraft ____________________________-
-- ------ 28, 30, 14, 16,
50, 51, 39, 40,
56 42
Army types--___________________________________ 30 16
Artillery _______________________________
……-- - - -- 30, 55 16, 41
Bomber --- __________________________________
- -- 67 49
Fighter _________________________________
- - -67 49
Ground attack________________________________
- - -67 49
Mechanized rifle--________________________________ 26, 30, 31 13, 16
Mountain -__________________________________--- 30 16
Rifle____________-------------------------------- 26, 30, 31 13, 16
Staffs ______________________________________
- -- 20b 10
Tank-____________________________________---
-- -. 30 16
Doctrine:
.Combat arms_________________________________
- - -16a 9
Rifle troops- __________________________________
-- 16b 9
Tactical _________________________--------------
-- 75-90 53
Electronic warfare_________________________________… 87 58
Engagement, meeting_______________________________
-- 103-106 66
Engineer troops ____________________________________
-- 22 12
Engineer units:
Battalion:
Assault (GHQ)____________________________
-- 58 42
Asault, naval________________________________ 72b(4) 52
Airborne division ___________________________- 46 32
Bridge building, fixed ______________________-
-- 58a 42
Heavy ponton ______________________________
-- 58b 42
Mechanized rifle division______________________ 39g 24
Mining (GHQ) --_______ -_________-_____----- 58e 43
Rifle division - 31b(7)
-_____________________________ 17
Road construction (GHQ)___________________
- -58c 42
Tank division ______________________________
-- 45g 31
Company, rifle regiment _________________________.
-- 32f 18
Responsibility in atomic defense - -__________________
269 137
Envelopment _____________________________-_____-___ 110 70
Double ___________________________________
-- 111 70
Single__________________________________
-- 112 70
Evacuation:
Medical system _________________________… _…_…-
- 362-364 179
Regiment, air transport and medical - -_______________
68 49
Units, air -____________________.-______________ 63 46
Field artillery, non-divisional ________________________
-- 55 41
Fighter:
Corps ____ ___________________________________
-- 66 49
Division ________________________________
-- 67 49
Regiment ________________________________…___- - 68 49
Finance services ___________________________________.
-- 17, 18d 9, 10
Flame thrower company, chemical battalion _____________ 60b (2) 45
Frontages and depths :______________
-- _______________ 75b 53
Army group …_______________-___________________ 118 74

AGO 3770B 227

Paragraph Page

Frontages and depths-Continued

Mechanized army_______________.----------------- 160 91
Mechanized rifle division_------------------------- 153, 236 88, 122
Rifle army_________----------------------------- 122, 206, 76, 111,
244 125
-----------------------------
Rifle battalion_____ 147, 230, 86, 120,
244 125
Rifle corps ----- _-------------------------------- 127, 210, 79, 112,
244 125
Rifle division_____________------------------- 133, 218, 81, 115,
244 125
Rifle regiment -______________-_____-------------- 139, 224, 83, 118,
244 125
Fundamentals of the offensive__- ___--- _____----------.- 107 68
General Headquarters Troops:________________________ 22 12
Airborne rifle battalion____-____________._________ 53 40
Antiaircraft ______________________________ 56 42
Antitank _----___---- ___--- ____---
_ ____________ 57 42
Armored___---__________--_____----__________--- 54 41
Artillery _______________________________________ 55 41
Biological______________________________________ 60c 45
Chemical___--------------------------------- 60 44
Control of___________________--_---------------- 52 40
- ------------------
Engineer___________-__----- 58 42
Helicopter_--______---- ___-----_----------------- 63 46
Missile______________------------------- 56 42
Psychological warfare_____--____-----_ __------ _ - 62 46
Rifle units ------------------------------------- 53 40
Signal _____--- ___--------------------------_ _--. 59 44
Transportation____------------------------------ 61 45
General hospitals (GHQ) ---__----- ___---_--------_---. 363 179
General staff, armed forces____________________________ 6 6
Government, Aggressor, form__ _____________________.
-- 3 4
Ground-air planning ________________________________ 64 48
Ground-attack:
Corps----_----___-___________________ _______ 65, 66 48, 49
Division ________________________________
-- 66 49
Regiment (air) _________________________________ 28 14
Ground forces: ______________________________________- 16-63 9
Chief -- ________________----___--_______--._____. 5 6
Headquarters …__________________________________ 10, 11 7, 8
Ground forces units: -________________________________. 16-63 9
Airborne:
Battalion: _________________________-_______ 47 35
Glider …_______________________……--- -___ 46b(3) 32
Parachute ____________________-____ 46b (2), 46b (3) 32
Corps -___________-_______-_____-- ___--- 46 32
Division _______________------_--------- 46 32
Regiment: ______________--_____--_------ 46 32
Mixed _____________---_._----------- 46b(3) 32
Parachute -------------------------- 46b (2) 32

228 AGO 3770B

Paragraph Page
Ground forces units-Continued
Antiaircraft:
Battalion -34b,
_______________________________ 46b (8) 19, 35
Battery _________________________________ 42e, 51 27, 40
Company ___________________-______________ 33c, 47f 18, 35
Division -23,________________________________ 50, 12, 39,
51 40
Regiment __________________________________ 26, 36c, 13, 21,
51, 56 40, 42
Antitank:
Battalion_______________________________
-36e 22
Battery__- _____________________________ 36e (1), 36e (2) 22
Brigade _________________________________
-- 23, 24, 28, 12, 14,
49d 38
Company __________--____-__________.______ 33d,34d, 18, 19,
41c, 47e 26, 36
Regiment-________________________________-- 49d 38
Artillery:
Battalion 44c 29
-______________________________
Battery, …________________________________ 36a, 44a, 21, 28,
46b(8) 35
Survey __________________________________
-- 36b 21
Brigade _________________________________ … 24, 26, 12, 13,
28 14
Corps ___________________________________
-- 49 36
Division ……__________________-_______-_______ 23, 28, 12, 14,
48, 49 36
GHQ -_______________-______________________- 55 41
Regiment-________________________________-- 24,36d, 12, 21,
44b 29
Mechanized rifle:
Army--____________________________
-- -__ 24 12
Battalion__________________________________ 41 26
Company ____________________________
-- _____ 41b 26
Division________________________________
-- 39 24
Regiment ________________________________
-- 39b, 40, 24,25,
53 40
Rifle:
Army ____________________________________
-- 23 12
Battalion_________________________-_________ 32a, 33 17, 18
Brigade, naval ______________________________
-- 72 51
Corps ___________________________________
-- 26 13
Company_________________________________
-- 33a 18
Division________________________________
-- 31 16
Regiment ________________________________
-- 31b(1), 32 16, 17,
53 40
Rocket launcher:
Army, mechanized - -__________________________
49e 38
Battalion_______________________________ … 44c, 45e 29, 31
Brigade_________________________________
-- 49e 38
Corps, rifle …____________________________- ___ 49 36
Division, artillery____________________________ 49a 36
Regiment _____-___-__-______________________ . 49a (3) 37

AGO 3770B 229

Paragraph Page
Ground forces units-Continued
Tank:
Army -____________________--___--_-------- 54 41
Battalion ________________---_-------------- 43b, 54c 28, 41
--
Company ______________________--___--__-- 43b 28
Division _______________-------------------- 45 30
Regiment ______________.------------------ 43, 45b, 27, 30,
54 41
Guards:
Advance _________________________________
……-- -- 93, 100 62, 64
Flank ____---_________________________-_________ 100,101 64, 65
Rear -___________________________-------------- 100 64
Guerrilla warfare …________________---_ ___-----.___-- 303-308 150
Guided missiles units (GHQ) ___--_---- _-------------- 49f, 56 39, 42
Gun-howitzer battalion _________________---_--------- 49a(6), 49c 37, 37
Gun units …_________________________--________------49 36

Headquarters:
Air forces__________________________________
-- 11 8
Ground forces __________________________________
-- 10 7
Naval forces--__________________________________ 12 8
Rear services ________________________________
-- 9 7
Headquarters and headquarters troops:
Airborne division 46 32
-______________________________
Antiaircraft artillery division ________________--__ 50, 51 39, 40
Artillery division 49 36
-______________________________
Corps artillery division …_________________________ 49 36
Heavy tank and self-propelled gun regt ____________. 42a 27
Mechanized rifle division ________________---_----_ 39a 24
Mechanized rifle regiment________________________
-- 40 25
Medium tank regiment, rifle division _______________ 35a 20
Medium tank regiment, mechanized and tank division_ 43a 27
Rifle division …________________________________…- 31b(5) 16
Rifle regiment …________________________________ 32c 17
Tank division ___________________-_____________
-- 45a 30
Heavy tank and self-propelled gun regiment:
GHQ troops …__________________________________ 54b, 54d 41
Tank and mechanized rifle division _______________.
-- 39c, 42, 24, 26,
45 30
Helicopter units ___________________________________
-- 63 46
High command: ____________________________________
-- 4-9 5
Air Force ___________________________________… 11 8
Armed forces__________________________________… 5 6
Ground forces ____________________
-- ____________. 10 7
--
Naval forces__________________________________ 12 8
Home air defense command :__________________________ 4, 5 5, 6
Hospital units (GHQ) _______________---_------------- 363 179
Howitzer units:
Battalion _______ __________ _-_______ _______---__ 36d, 44b 21, 28
Howitzer division _______________________________ 49c 37
Division _______________________-___---_______
-- 49c 37
Regiment _____________-__--------------- 49a(5), 49a(6), 49c 37

230 AGO 3770B

Paragraph Page
Infantry. (See Rifle.)
Inspection staff ---------
__________-__---------------. 17 9
Intelligence, combat____________ ____--_----__ --------- 86 57
Intendance ______________________________ 18a 9
Interior, zone________----------------- ----------------- 14 8
Judge Advocate General's branch________________-__---. 17 9
Landing, airborne________--___----__--_____--------- 275, 280 140, 142
Logistics: _ …__________--
____--------_---__---------- 351-365 172
Airborne operations__--------_------------------ . 282 143
Ammunition distribution__---_________-___-------- 355 175
General:
Field supply_________________________________
-- 353 173
Organization ______________________-
-- ___ 352 172
Responsibilities …___________________________- 351 172
Medical evacuation:______________________________ 362-364 179
Casualty treatment___________________________
-- 364 179
Evacuation______________________________
-- 365 180
Organization …______________________________. 363 179
Partisan operations______________________________. 306 152
Repair and maintenance: _________________________. 360-361 178
Field …_____________________________________. 361 178
Supply: _________________________________ … 354-359 175
Channels__ _______________________________
-- 354 175
Classes ____________________________________ 354 175
P 0 L--______________________________________. 356 176
Rations and water___________________________. 357 177
Systems:
Ammunition ___________________________
-- 355 175
Weapons __-- ___________________________ 355 175
Transportation_______-- _____________________. 358 177
Long-range air force ________________________________.
-- 11 8
Machinegun company:
Rifle battalion, rifle regiment______________________. 33b 18
Mechanized rifle battalion, mechanized rifle regiment__ 41d 26
Maintenance - _______________-- _--------------------- 360-361 178
Major unit staffs ______________-____________________ 20 10
Marines. (See Naval rifle organization.)
Mass ______________________________________________ 76 53
Materiel (air) ______________---___________________--- 379 186
Mechanized army_______-- ____--__________------------------ 24 12
Mechanized rifle units:
Battalion _______________________________ 40,41 25, 26
Division -39 ________________________________ 24
GHQ- _____________________________________ .--- 54 41
Rifle regiment_________________________----_----- 39b, 40, 24, 25,
45 30
Medical:
Air evacuation unit (GHQ) -___________--__------_ 68 49
Battalion:
Airborne division____________________________. 46b(7) 35
Mechanized rifle division__________________---_ 39j 24

AGO 3770B 231

Paragraph Page
Medical-Continued
Battalion-Continued
Rifle division __________________---_____-____. 31b(8) 17
Tank division -________________------_------- 45i 32
Company, ambulance (GHQ):
Airborne division -______________-------- __ __. 46b(7) 35
Rifle regiment …-____________-___-_-_____-___ 31b(8) 17
Evacuation:
Regiment, transport and (air)__--------------- 68 49
System -----_-----___---------------------- 362-364 179
Hospitals (GHQ) _______________---------------- 363 179
Personnel -_--_______-_____----_-_- ------------- 18d 10
Service _____----- ___-_____________…-----___ 18d 10
Medium howitzer battalion, tank division _ ___________- -- 44b 29
Medium howitzer brigade, artillery division -- ___-------. 49c 37
Medium howitzer regiment, mechanized rifle division_____ 44b 29
Medium howitzer regiment, rifle division _-------------- 36d 21
Medium tank battalion, mechanized rifle regiment, 40, 43b 25, 28
mechanized rifle division.
Medium tank regiment, rifle division -______--_-------- 31b (2) 16
Medium tank regiment, GHQ troops_______------------- 54a 41
Medium tank regiment, mechanized rifle and tank divisions 39d, 43 24, 27
Meeting engagement____________----___-------.----- 103-106 66
------------
Military districts---____________._____---- 14, 15 8
Military construction troops--____- ___------------- ----18b 10
Military police __--_____----- ___---------------- 17 9
Mine warfare_--------------------------------------- 242, 124,
250, 254 128,130
Mining battalion, engineer (GHQ) --_____----- ___------ 58e 43
Minor unit staffs---____---- __-- -- ______------------ 20 10
Ministry of the Armed Forces ___________--_---------- 4, 5, 7, 12, 5, 6,
13,14 8
Missile units ____---_____- ___---
--------------------- 49f, 55, 39, 41,
56 42
Mobilization ------------
____________________________ 15 8
Mortar units:
Battalion:___- _____________________---_____--___
… 36d, 44c, 21, 28,
49c 37
Battery:
Airborne division ____________________________ 47e, 33e 36, 19
Mechanized rifle regiment:
Mechanized rifle division________________
- -40a 25
Mechanized rifle regiment, tank division____-____ 44b 29
Brigade, heavy--_________________________________ 49e 38
Company_________________________________
-- 33e, 34c 19
Motor transport:
Battalions, divisional ________________-----__----- 31b(9) 17
Company ------_________________________________ 35d 20
Regiment ___________________________--_---- -- 39k, 45j 24, 32
Mountain:
Corps ----- ________----------------------------- 29 16
Division _____--____--________________________ 30 16
Warfare __---…___-----
______--_________ __---___ 309-321 154

232 AGO 3770B

Paragraph Page
Multiple penetration ___________------------- ________ 114 72
Naval:
Amphibious tractor battalion_________------------ 74 52
Air arm--__--------------------------------- 70 51
Battalion, rifle----------------------------------- 73 52
Brigade -------------------------------------- - 72 51
Districts ---------------------------------------- 69 51
Forces ____…______------------------------------ 5, 12, 69-74 6, 8, 51
High Command ------- _---------------------- --. 12 8
Mission ---------------------------------------- 69 51
Operational control__ --
_______-------------------- 12 8
Rifle organization …____.____..------------------- 72-74 51
--
Navy evaluation____ __-_---------------. -- 69 51
Nondivision units (See GHQ units)
Nuclear effects:
Attack: ---------------------------------------- 85, 86 56, 57
Defense against: -_________________-__________ 266-274 136
Characteristics of------------------------ 267 136
Chemical observation post -------- ____.-- - 270 138
Decontamination _________-----___------- 270 138
Dosimeter patrols _---------------------- 270 138
Fire prevention__----------------------- 274 139
General …______________.---------
-_____ - 266 136
Individual______________-------_______-- 272 139
Measures against________------ ____----- 268 137
Radiological reconnaissance --------------. 270 138
Responsibility for------------------------ 269 137
Unit --------___------------------------ 272 139
Warning system ------------------------ 271 138
Weapons __--_______------------ -------- 84 56
Nuclear warfare …----------_------------------------ 2c,183, 4, 101,
266-274 136

Objective of an attack ____________------------------- 117 74

Observation post, command post, rifle regiment ________-
-- 231 120
Offense:
Army group formation:
Frontage and depth -_______________--_______. 118 74
Basic maneuvers: --- _________________-___________ 110 70
Double envelopment ________________________
-- 110, 111 70
Double pincers__ _________--___----__________ 115 72
Multiple penetration ________________________
-- 114 72
Penetration 113 71
-____________________________
Single envelopment __________________________ 110, 112 70, 71
Basic principles______________________________… 107 68
Concentration for the 120 75
-___________________________
Large scale ____________________________________-- 108 68
Mechanized army: 158-164 90
-____________________________
Attack formation _______________---__________ 159 90
Conduct of the attack __------------.--------- 161 91
Echelons _------_________-_____-__ ----
______ 160-161 91
Employment, mechanized rifle division______---- 162 92

AGO 3770B 233

Paragraph Page
Offense-Continued
Mechanized army-Continued
Employment, tank division - -____________---__ 163 92
Frontages and depths -_________________----__ 160 91
Logistics _____-- ____--__________----------- 164 92
Mechanized rifle division: ______________----------- 151-157 88
Attack formation __________-__________________ 152 88
Conduct of the attack _____________--_________. 154 89
Echelons ________________________________ … 154a 89
Frontages and depths_______________________
- -153 88
General_________________________________… 151 88
Heavy tank regiment -_______-_---_--_------- 157 90
Mechanized rifle regiment___________________
- -155 89
Medium tank regiment ____________----------- 156 90
Nuclear weapons employment _________________--- 108, 109 68, 69
Phasing of the -___--- ________________----------- 117 74
Planning the__ - ____--- ____----_ __---_----------- 116 73
Rifle army: -________---____---_____-------------- 121-124 76
Artillery density _______--------------------- 84b 56
Employment ______________________________
-- 121 76
First echelon ____________________---_------- 121a 76
Formation __________-_______________________ 122, 123 76, 77
Second echelon -- ____________________________ 123 77
Tactical employment--________________________ 121b 76
Rifle battalion :____________________________--_____ 145-150 86
Attack formation __________________________.
-- 146 86
Conduct of the attack--_______________________ 149 87
Frcntages and depths _--______________-__--__ 147 86
Preparation for the attack -___________------- 148 86
Separate companies :________________ _____--. 150 87
Antiaircraft ____________________________ 150d 88
Antitank______________________________
-- 150c 88
Machinegun ______________________---
-- -_ 150a 87
Mortar …________-__________--------_.___-150b 88
Rifle corps: -_________________________________--
125-130 78
Atomic fires_______________________________
-- 128 80
Attack formation ___________________________- 126 79
Conduct of the attack______________________
- - - 130 80
First echelon __________________------------
-- 125a 78
Frontages and depths -__________________ -___. 127 79
General_________________________________ … 125 78
Mechanized rifle division______________________ 126 79
Mission -…_________________________________ 125 78
Reserves________________________________… 129 80
Second echelon_____________________________
-- 125b 78
Rifle division:__________ ___.---------------------- 131-136 80
Attack formation ___________________________- 132 80
Conduct of the attack ___________________-___
-- 135 81
First echelon _______________________________. 135 81
Frontages and depths--_______________________ 133 81
General …___________________________________ 131 80
Preparation for the attack ______________-_____ 134 81

234 AGO 3770B

Paragraph Page
Offense-Continued
Rifle division-Continued
Reserves________________________________
-136 82
Second echelon______________________________
-136 82
Rifle regiment: _______________________________….. 137-144 83
Attack formation ___________________________- 138 83
Conduct of the attack_________________________ 142 84
Chemical defense squad ______________________ 144c 86
Engineer company--__________________________ 144b 85
General_____]
- - -___________________________ 137 83
Frontages and depths-_________--_--___--__-- 139 83
Mission_________________________________
-- 137 83
Preparation for the attack ________________---. 141 83
Reconnaissance company ___________________-
-- 144a 85
Regimental artillery: …___________--______----- 143 84
Antiaircraft artillery battalion__ _________ 143c 85
Antitank company ______________________
-- 143d 85
Mortar company …________________________ 143b 84
1
Recoilless rifle company _________________
-- 43e 85
Second echelon_____________________________
-- 140 83
Offensive:
Action in a fortified zone _________________________ 336-341 165
Airborne operations______________________________. 275-283 140
Air support ________________________________…__- . 185-190 102
Amphibious operations ____________-______________ 284-287 143
Armor support--________________________________ 136 82
Artillery support________________________________
-175-784 97
Atomic warfare ________________________________ 2c, 183 4, 101
Biological operations .__________________________
266, 267, 58, 136,
270 138
Chemical operations ___________________________. 88, 266, 267, 58, 136,
270 138
City warfare …._________________________________
322-327 158
Combat in woods and swamps______________________ 294-298 147
Fundamentals_ -- ____________________________
- -- 107 68
Major, conduct of________________________________ 107 68
Maneuver, forms of______________________________ 110 70
Mine warfare_________________________________
-242, 124,
250, 254 128, 130
Mountain warfare operations ____________________
-- 309-321 154
Night fighting_________________________________ … 299-302 149
Partisan operations 303-308 150
.____________________________
Principles ---- ______________________________
---- 107 68
Radiological operations 266-274 136
.__________________________
River crossing operations_________________________ 328-334 161
Tactics _________________________________
-- 75-90 53
Winter and arctic warfare operations______________
- -288-293 145
Offensives, major: __________________________________ 107-164 68
Basic maneuvers_______________________________
-- 110 70
Basic principles______________________________… 107 68
Concentration for______________________________
-- 120 75
Double pincers_________________________________ … 115 72
Envelopment, double______________________________ 110-111 70

AGO 3770B 235

Paragraph Page

Offensives, major-Continued
Envelopment, single -______________-__-_____-_--- 110-112 70
Formations -- ____---- _____________------------- 119 75
Frontages and depths __________---___-----------. 118 74
Large scale_-----_----__------------------------ 108 68
Multiple penetration________ __------------------- 114 72
--
Nuclear weapons _______________________________ 109 69
Penetration -____________----___________ _____-__ 113 71
Phasing of-___________________ __------------- - 117 74
Planning for ----- _--____-- __-------------------- - 116 73
-- _-- ________---------------------
Operations staff__ 20 10
Organization:
Air army ___---__--- _______-------------------- 64-68 48
Air forces __---_________--___-------------------- 11 8
Armed forces--___------------- ------------------ 3-12 4
Naval forces: ---____________--------------------. 12, 69-74 8, 51
Major units _______________________________
-- 69-71 8
Rifle units _________________________________
-- 72-74 51
Ground forces:--_______________--____.________--- - 16-63 9
Airborne division __________________________. 46, 47 32, 35
Antiaircraft division ________________________. 50, 51 39, 40
Artillery division ___________________________-- 48, 49 36
General Headquarters -_______-___--_____---- 52-63 40
Mechanized rifle division -_____________------- 39-44 24
Rifle division …______________________________ 31-38 16
Tank division -_____________--___---__------- 45 30
Introduction ____________________________
……-- - -- 1, 2 4
Mobilization_----______________--_- __……______ __ .. 15 8
Territorial……__________________________--------- 13, 14 8
Party, Circle Trigon______________________________--- 3, 4, 7 4, 5, 6
Partisan operations ________________--____-______
-- _-- 303-308 150
Pattern of the defensive____________----__---___---_-- 191, 192, 105,
196, 348 106, 170
Pattern of the offensive----------------- -------------- 117, 349 74, 170
Penetrations--_______________________-- ___ 110, 113, 70, 71,
114 72
Personnel assignment, combat losses_------------------- 90b 60
Pincers, double ___________________---___---___…--... 110-115 70
Planning:
Defense ……--________________________------------ 195- 106
Detailed -_________------------------------------ 116 73
Levels, concurrent _____________________________
-- 116 73
Offensive _______________________________
……-- - - -- 116 73
Political staff _____---------------------------------- 7 6
Ponton bridge building battalion (GHQ) ---------------- 58 42
Principles:
Logistical--____________________________-__------. 351-365 172
Tactical ________________________________
……-- - -- 19 10
Procurement ---------- _____________________________ 352 172
Propaganda, use __________________------------------- 308 153
Propaganda, units (GHQ) _________________-____------ 62-308 46
Purpose of Aggressor handbook-_____---- __--- ___---_-_ 1 4

236 AGO S770B

Paragraph Page
Pursuit: -_________________________________________- 165-174 93
Basic principles ______________________________ 165 93
Logistics _______________________________
……-- - - -- 173 96
Mechanized rifle and tank units ___________________ 171-174 95
Planning_-_-__-_________.--__-___-______-_______ 166 93
Rifle units:
Division________________________________
-- 168 94
General_________________________________ … 167 93
Regiment ________________________________-_ 169 94
Termination ___________________-__________
-- 170-174 95

Radio communications _____________________________

-- 80b 54
Radiological security-_____________-_________________-. 97 63
Radiological warfare ________________________________ 266-274 136
Rear Services:
Chief -_______________________-_________________. 89 59
Headquarters--____________________________--- --- 9 7
Staff ------
____________________________________ 17 9
Troops ___________________________------------
-- 18 9
Reconnaissance tactics:
Attack of fortified zones -_______________-_________ 336 165
Combat in towns and cities - -_______________________.
323 159
Mountain warfare ______________________________
-- 318 157
Night combat ____--_____________________________ 301 149
Partisan warfare ________________________________ 303 150
Radiological ______--____________________________ 270 138
River crossing________________________________
-- 330 163
Winter and arctic warfare _______________________. 389 216
Woods and swamps - -____________________________ 297 148
Reconnaissance units:
Air _____________________________________ … 68b(6) 50
Battalion-__-___________________________ 31b(4), 38, 16, 23,
39e, 45f 24, 31
Company ------_________________________________ 32g 18
Regiment:
Airborne …______________________________________ 46 32
Antiaircraft ______--____________________________ 19b, 26, 10, 13,
36c, 51, 21, 40,
56 42
Antitank--________________________________------ 49d 38
Armor ___________________________________
……-- -- 54 41
Artillery _______________________________
……-- - - -- 24, 36d, 12, 21,
44b 29
Chemical________________________________
-- 60 44
Engineer--________________________________------ 58 42
Mechanized rifle 19b, 53 10, 40
-_____________________________
Rifle __________________________________________ - 32, 53 17, 40
Signal _______________________________________
-- 59 44
Tank ____________________________________.--
- 19b 10
Transportation …__________________________……_ _ . .. 61 45
Repair and maintenance _____________________________ 360-361 178
Replacements ____________________________ … 90 60

AGO 3770B 237

Paragraph Page
Reserves ________________________________
… 129, 136, 80, 82,
212, 220, 112, 116,
226, 232 118, 121
Responsibilities of military and naval districts __________. 69 51
Rifle:
Army -----_______________________-_____________ 23, 98 12, 63
Attack, units in -________-- ---------------------- 131-136 80
Battalion:
Airborne division ____________________________ 47 35
Mechanized rifle division____________________
- -40, 41 25, 26
Rifle division _______________________________
-- 32a, 33 17, 18
Tank division________________________________ 43, 45b, 27, 30,
54 41
Brigade, naval ____-__________-- ___-------------- 72-74 51
Company:
Airborne rifle battalion_____________________
- -47c 36
Mechanized rifle battalion___________________
- -41 26
Rifle battalion _________________--____________. 33 18
Tank and self-propelled battalion ____________…- - 43 27
Corps ___________________________________
-- 17,86 9,57
Division -__________-__________-_____-___________- 31, 100 16, 64
Defense, units in________________________________ 217-222 115
Offense, units in …_______________________________- 107-150 68
Pursuit, units in ________________________________ 167-169 93
Regiment:
Mechanized rifle division______________________ 39b, 40, 24, 25,
53 40
Rifle division _______________________________. 31b(1), 32, 16,17,
53 40
Tank division ______________--__________--______ 43, 45b, 27, 30,
54 41
River crossing: _______________________________
……-- -- 328-335 161
Antitank defense __----_-- _______--__--__--______ 333 164
Defense _________________________________
-- 335 165
Deliberate ______________________________-------
-- 334 164
General …_______________________________________ 328 161
Hasty; rifle and mechanized army__________________ 329, 330 162, 163
Helicopters ____________________________________
-- 331 164
Nuclear weapons, use ___________________._______
-- 332 164
Road construction battalion, engineer (GHQ) ___________ 58c 42
Rocket launcher units. (See Ground forces.)

Scope of Aggressor handbook ________________________-. 2 4

Security, during the advance__________________________
-92 61
Self-propelled:
Antiaircraft artillery ________________--
-- _______ 51 40
Battalion _______________________________
-- 36, 46, 21, 32,
54 41
Brigade ______________________________________
-- 49 36
Company_________________________________
-- 33d, 47e 18, 36
Defense, use in 250-254 128
-_________________________________
Offense, use in___________________________________ 177-181 97

238 AGO 3770B

Paragraph Page

Self-propelled-Continued
Support, rifle units_______________________________ 135, 228, 81, 119,
253 130
Support, tanks__________________________________ 253 130
Services, chiefs of arms and __________________________. 89, 351, 352 59, 172
Service units:
Battalion:
Mechanized rifle division______________________ 39i 24
Rifle division ________________________________ 31b(10) 17
Tank division______________________________
-- 45k 32
Company:
Mechanized rifle regiment___________________ - -40a 25
Rifle regiment ______________________________. 32d, 35d 17, 20
Tank regiment - -_____________________________
43h 28
Signal:
Battalion:
Airborne division __________________________.
-- 46 32
Artillery division___________________________
-- 48 36
Mechanized rifle division______________________ 39h 24
Rifle division _______________________________ 31b(6) 17
Tank division ______________________________
-- 45 30
Company:
Communications countermeasures (GHQ)_______ 59c 44
Communications intercept (GHQ) _____________ 59b 44
Communication monitoring (GHQ) ______-__--- 59a 44
Units (GHQ) ______________-------------------- 59 44
Ski units, employment -____________---____.----------- 289 146
Special operations ----______________________________ 275-350 140
--
Staff organization:__________________________________ 20 10
Armed forces general staff __________--__--------- 6 6
Divisional ______--______________________________ 206 111
Inspection staff -_________________---------------. 8 7
Major and minor unit____________________-------- - 20 10
Political staff__________------- -------------------------- 7 6
Rear services staff _______________---------------- 9 7
Storage ____________________________________------
-- 352 172
Submarines _______________--_------------ __________ 4 5
Supply. (See Logistics.)
Support:
Administrative ______________------------------- 90 60
Infantry:
Air--_______________________-------------- 84c 56
Artillery ……____________…-___________________ 84b 56
Nuclear weapons___________________________
- -84a 56
Self-propelled guns -_____________------------ 135, 228, 81, 119,
253 130
Tanks _____________________---------------- 253 130
Fire …____________________________…---…_. ...----84 56
Survey: artillery battery _______________________---___ 36b 21
Surprise -____--__-__________________-------------- 78 53

ACO 3770B 239

Paragraph Page
Tables:
I. Typical army group principal weapons__----__ 21 11
II. Typical rifle army principal weapons_________ 23 12
III. Typical mechanized army principal weapons___ 24 12
IV. Typical rifle corps principal weapons ____----- 26 13
V. Typical artillery corps principal weapons______ 28 15
VI. Rifle division principal weapons and transporta- 31 16
tion.
VII. Mechanized rifle division principal weapons and 39 24
transportation.
VIII. Tank division principal weapons and transpor- 45 30
tation.
IX. Airborne division principal weapons and trans- 46 32
portation.
X. Rifle regiment, rifle division, principal weapons 380 187
and transportation.
XI. Rifle battalion, rifle regiment, principal weap- 380 188
ons and transportation.
XII. Medium tank and self-propelled gun regiment, 380 189
rifle division, principal weapons and trans-
portation.
XIII. Division artillery, rifle division, principal weap- 380 190
ons and transportation.
XIV. Antiaircraft artillery regiment (rifle, mechan- 380 191
ized rifle, and tank divisions) principal weap-
ons and transportation.
XV. Artillery regiment, rifle division, principal 380 192
weapons and transportation.
XVI. Antitank artillery battalion, rifle division, prin- 380 192
cipal weapons and transportation.
XVII. Reconnaissance battalion, rifle, mechanized 380 193
rifle, and tank divisions, principal weapons
and transportation.
XVIII. Mechanized rifle regiment, mechanized rifle divi- 380 194
sion, principal weapons and transportation.
XIX. Mechanized rifle battalion, mechanized rifle 380 195
regiment, principal weapons and transporta-
tion.
XX. Heavy tank and self-propelled gun regiment, 380 196
mechanized rifle and tank divisions, principal
weapons and transportation.
XXI. Medium tank regiment, mechanized rifle and 380 197
tank divisions, principal weapons and trans-
portation.
XXII. Medium tank battalion, medium tank regiment, 380 198
mechanized rifle and tank divisions, principal
weapons and transportation.
XXIII. Division artillery, mechanized rifle division, 380 199
principal weapons and transportation.
XXIV. Artillery regiment, mechanized rifle and tank 380 200
divisions, principal weapons and transporta-
tion.

240 AGO 37701B

Paragraph Page
Tables-Continued
XXV. Rocket launcher battalion, mechanized rifle 380 201
division, principal weapons and transporta-
tion.
XXVI. Rocket launcher battalion, tank division, prin- 380 201
cipal weapons and transportation.
XXVII. Airborne rifle battalion (parachute or glider), 380 202
airborne division, principal weapons and
transportation.
XXVIII. Typical antiaircraft artillery division principal 380 203
weapons.
XXIX. Rates of march _____.-______________ ______ 383 205
XXX. Rifle division march table ________________-__ 383 208
XXXI. Mechanized rifle division march table _________ 383 210
XXXII. Tank division march table __________________. 383 212
Tactical:
Air armies _____________________-----------------. 65 48
Principles (basic doctrines) ___________________--- 75-90 53
Propaganda company (GHQ) 62
-__________________-- 46
Tactical units, air force, employment __________________. 64 48
Tactics. (See Defense and Offense.)
Tank army. (See Mechanized army.)
Tank division organization ___________-- _______________ 45 30
Tank regiment, medium:
GHQ -_______________________-_________________. 54a 41
Mechanized rifle and tank division________________
- -45 30
Rifle division________________________________
-35 20
Tank units:
Defense, use in _________________________________
-- 235-236 122
Offense, use in___________________________________ 158-164 90
Technical service:________________________________ 18 9
Rear service troops -_____________________________ 18c 9
Territorial command ___________________________.
-- 13 8
Territorial organization …_________________________ 13-14 8
Training ________________________________
-- 4e 6
Transportation units:
Battalion _______________________________
-- 31b(9), 61c 17, 45
Brigade _________________________________ … 61 45
Company--______________ ___________________
- ---- 35d 20
Regiment ______________________________________
--- 39k, 45j, 24, 32,
61b 45
Trinity ________________----------------------------- 3 4
Troop carrier command______________________________
-- 64 48
Vehicles ________________________________
-- 375, 377, 184,
378 186
Warfare:
Biological ______________________________________ 60c, 266 45, 136
Chemical ________________________________ … 88, 266, 58, 136,
269, 270 137, 138
City ____________________________________
……322-327 158
Mine---____________________________________-
..- 242, 124,
250, 254 128,.130
AGO 3770B 241
Paragraph Page
Warfare-Continued
Nuclear …_______________________________________ 85, 86, 56, 57,
266-274 136
Partisan -- ____________________________________-. 303-308 150
Radiological ____________________________________--266-274 136
Weapons:
Repair and maintenance............................. _____ 360 178
Supply--_______________________-----_______----_ 355 175
Winter and Arctic warfare - _ 288-293
-_________________________ 145
Woods and swamps, combat in _________________________ 294-298 147
Zone of Interior …_________________----__
--- .__--_--- 14 8

242 AGO 3770B

[AG 353 (8 Jan 59)]
By Order of Wilber M. Brucker, Secretary of the Army:
MAXWELL D. TAYLOR,
General, United States Army,
Official: Chief of Staff.
R. V. LEE,
Major General, United States Army,
The Adjutant General.
Distribution:
Active Army:
CofSA (2) Armies (10)
VCofSA (2) Corps (10)
CRD (2) Div (10)
ASA (2) Regt/Gp/Bg (5)
TIG (2) Bn (5)
CofF (2) Co/Btry (2)
CoA (2) USATC (5)
DCSPER (5) USACGSC (6400)
ACRSC (2) USAWC (5)
ACSI (5) Br Svc Sch (5) except US
DCSOPS (10) ARADSCH (130),
DCSLOG (5) USAARMS (1000),
CNGB (2) USAAMS (600),
CUSARROTC (2) USACMLCSCH (55),
CofCh (2) USAES (350), USAIS
TPMG (5) (63), USA QM Sch (7),
CMH (2) USASCS (15),
TJAG (2) USACAMGSCH (200),
TAG (XO) (2) USATSCH (10)
CAMG (2) Specialist Sch (5) except
CINFO (2) USAAVNS (11)
Tech Stf, DA (5) Joint Sch (5)
Admin & Tech Stf Bd (2) USMA (5)
USA Arty Bd (5) USAINTC (300)
USA Armor Bd (5) PMST Sr Div Units (2)
USA Inf Bd (5) PMST Jr Div Units (2)
USA AD Bd (5) PMST Mil Sch Div Units
USA Abn & Elct Bd (5) (2)
USA Avn Bd (5) Gen Dep (2)
USA Arctic Test Bd (5) AH (2)
USCONARC (20) Mil Dist (2)
US ARADCOM (5) USA Corps (Res) (2)
US ARADCOM Rgn (5) Sector Comd, USA Corps
OS Maj Comd (10) (Res) (2)
OS Base Comd (5) MAAG (2)
Log Comd (5) Mil Msn (2)
MDW (2)
NG: State AG (3); units-same as Active Army except allowance is one
copy to each unit.
USAR: Same as Active Army except allowance is one copy to each unit.
For explanation of abbreviations used, see AR 320-50.
' U. S. GOVKRNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1959-480519

AGO 3770B 243