DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE-560 111

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS/22ME32/ODD SEMESTER OCTOBER 2023 - MARCH 2024
PROBLEMS IN UNIT-III
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
1. An engine works between the temperature limits of 1775K and 375K. Evaluate the thermal
efficiency of the engine.
2. A reversible engine with 40% efficiency discharges 1520kJ of heat per minute at 27OC to a pond.
Find the temperature of the source which supplies the heat to the engine and the power developed by
the engine.
3. A reversible engine is supplied with heat from two constant temperature sources at 900K and 600K
and rejects heat to a constant temperature sink at 300K. The engine develops work equivalent to
90kW and rejects heat at the rate of 56kJ/S. Estimate the amount of heat supplied and thermal
efficiency of the engine.
4. A cold storage is to be maintained at -5OC while the surroundings are at [Link] heat leakage from
the surrounding in to cold storage is estimated to be 29kW. Actual COP of the refrigerator is one
third of the ideal COP working between the same temperature limits. Find the power required to
drive the plant.
5. A source ‘X’ can supply energy at the rate of 11000kJ/min at 320OC. A second source ‘Y’ can
supply energy at the rate of 110000kJ/min at 60OC. Which source ‘X’ or ‘Y’ would you choose to
supply energy to a reversible engine that is capable of producing a large amount of power at the
surrounding temperature of 4OC?
6. An engineer claims to have developed an engine producing 4.5kW power, when working between
the temperatures limit of 1400OC and 350OC, consuming 0.5Kg of fuel/hour with a calorific value of
42000kJ/Kg. Comment on the engineer’s claim. Justify & State whether the inventor claim’s is valid
or not.
7. An inventor claims to have developed an engine that takes in 105MJ at a temperature of 400K,
rejects 42MJ at a temperature of 200K and delivers 15kWh of mechanical work. Would you advise
investing money to put this engine in the market?
8. A domestic food freezer maintains a temperature of -15OC. The ambient air temperature is 30OC. If
the heat leaks in to the freezer at the continuous rate of 1.75kJ/S. What is the least power necessary
to pump this heat out continuously?
9. A Carnot engine operates between two reservoirs at temperature of T1 K and T2 K. The work output
of the engine is 0.6 times the heat rejected. Given that difference between the source and sink is
200OC. Calculate T1, T2 and thermal efficiency of the engine.
10. A series combination of two Carnot engines operates between the temperature of 180OC and 20OC.
Calculate the intermediate temperature, if both the engine produces equal amount of work.
11. An inventor makes the following claims. Evaluate whether his claims are valid or invalid on case to
case basis. Substantiate and Comment your views upon his claims. Sketch the representations for all
the cases.
(i) A flame 1600K used as a heat source and the low temperature reservoir is at 400K. The inventor
indicates that 70% of the heat transfer to the cyclic device from the flame is returned as work.
(ii) A building receives a heat of 60,000KJ/hr from a heat pump. The inside temperature is
maintained at 20OC and the surroundings are at -5OC. The inventor claims a work input of
10,000kJ/hr is sufficient.
(iii) An engine operates between 1500K and 400K with a heat transfer into the engine of 600kW.
The inventor states that the heat transfer to the low temperature reservoir is 300kW and the work
output is 300kW.
12. Three Carnot engines A, B and C work in series between the temperature limits of 1000K and 300K.
The amount of work developed is in the proportion of WA: WB: WC = [Link]. Sketch the schematic
representation of the arrangement of the engines. Calculate the intermediate temperatures. If the
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DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE-560 111
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS/22ME32/ODD SEMESTER OCTOBER 2023 - MARCH 2024
PROBLEMS IN UNIT-III
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
power developed by the engine C is 6KW, find out the overall efficiency of the system. Represent
the entire system schematically.
13. Three Carnot engines A, B and C work in series between the temperature limits of 2000K and 300K.
The amount of work developed is in the proportion of WA: WB: WC = [Link]. Sketch the schematic
representation of the arrangement of the engines. Calculate the intermediate temperatures. If the
power developed by the engine C is 10KW, find out the overall efficiency of the system.
14. Two reversible heat engines A and B are arranged in series, Engine-A rejecting heat to Engine-B
through an intermediate reservoir. Engine-A receives 200kJ at a temperature of 421OC from a hot
source, while Engine-B is in communication with cold sink at a temperature of 4.4OC. If the work
output of Engine-A is twice that of work output of Engine B, Evaluate the following: (i.) The
intermediate temperature between Engine A and Engine B, (ii.) Efficiencies of Engine A and Engine
B, (iii.) Heat rejected to the cold sink, (iv.) Represent the entire system schematically.
15. Two reversible heat engines A and B are arranged in series, Engine-A rejecting heat to Engine-B
through an intermediate reservoir. Engine-A receives 200kJ at a temperature of 421OC from a hot
source, while Engine-B is in communication with cold sink at a temperature of 4.4OC. If the work
output of Engine-A is thrice that of work output of Engine B, Evaluate the following: (i.) The
intermediate temperature between Engine A and Engine B, (ii.) Efficiencies of Engine A and Engine
B, (iii.) Heat rejected to the cold sink, (iv.) Represent the entire system schematically.
16. Two Carnot engines A and B are connected in series between two thermal reservoirs maintained at
1000K and 100K respectively. Engine- A receives 1680kJ of heat from the high temperature
reservoir and rejects heat to the Carnot Engine-B. Engine-B takes in heat rejected by Engine-A and
rejects heat to low temperature reservoir. If Engine A and Engine-B have equal thermal efficiencies.
Evaluate the following: (i.) Heat rejected by Engine-B, (ii.) The temperature at which heat is rejected
by Engine-A, (iii.) Work output of Engine-A and Engine-B, (iv.) If Engine-A and Engine-B delivers
equal amount of work, determine the efficiencies of Engine-A and Engine-B.
17. A heat pump is to be used to heat a house in winter and then reversed to cool in summer. The interior
temperature is to be maintained at 20OC. Heat transfer through the walls and roof is estimated to be
2400kJ/hr per degree temperature difference between inside and outside. Represent the entire system
schematically. Case (i) If the outside temperature in winter is 0OC, what is the minimum power
required to drive the heat pump? (ii) For the same power input as in case (i), what is the minimum
outside temperature for which the inside temperature can be maintained at 20OC?
18. A heat pump is used for all round air conditioning. The house is maintained at 24 OC year round. The
heat lost is 0.44kW per degree difference between outside and inside temperatures. The average
outside temperature is 32OC in the summer and -4OC in the winter. Represent the entire system
schematically. Evaluate (i.)The power requirements for all round air conditioning, (ii) In this all
round air conditioning, which condition determines the unit size that must be purchased?
19. A heat pump is used for cooling in summer and heating in winter. The indoor temperature is to be
maintained at 25OC in summer and 20OC in winter. Heat transfer from the fabric of the room is
estimated as 0.75kW per degree of the temperature difference between the outside and inside. (i)If
the outdoor temperature is 45OC in summer, what is the minimum power required to run the heat
pump. (ii) What is the lowest outdoor temperature for which the inside of the house can be
maintained at 20OC in winter by reversible cycle using the same power input?
20. A freezer is to be maintained at temperature of 238K on a summer day when the ambient
temperature is 306K. In order to maintain the freezer box temperature at 238K, it is necessary to
remove heat from it at the rate of 1230J/S. What is the maximum possible COP of the freezer and
what is the minimum power that must be supplied to the freezer.
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DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE-560 111
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS/22ME32/ODD SEMESTER OCTOBER 2023 - MARCH 2024
PROBLEMS IN UNIT-III
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
21. A reversible heat engine operates between two reservoirs at temperatures of 600°C and 40°C. The
engine drives a reversible refrigerator which operates between reservoirs at temperatures of 40°C
and -20°C. The heat transfer to the heat engine is 2000 kJ and the net-work output from the
combined engine refrigerator plant is 360 kJ. Evaluate: (a) The heat transfer to the refrigerant and
the net heat transfer to the reservoir at 40°C. (b) Reconsider (a) given that the efficiency of the heat
engine and the COP of the refrigerator are each 40% of their maximum possible values.
22. A direct heat engine operates between two reservoirs at 327OC and 27OC drives a refrigerator
operating between 27OC and 13OC. The thermal efficiency of the heat engine and COP of the
refrigerator are each 70% of the maximum values. The heat transferred to the direct heat engine is
500kJ. The net heat rejected by the engine and the refrigerator to the reservoir at 27OC is 400kJ. Find
the net-work output of the engine refrigerator combination. Sketch the schematic representation.
23. A heat engine is used to drive a heat pump. The heat transfer from the engine and heat pump are
used to heat water circulating through the radiators of a building. The efficiency of heat engine is
27% and coefficient of performance of heat pump is 4. Evaluate the ratio of the heat transfer to the
circulating water in the radiator to the heat transfer to the heat engine.
24. A heat engine with a thermal efficiency of 40% drives a refrigerator with a COP of 4. Determine, the
ratio of total heat rejected to the atmosphere to the heat absorbed by the refrigerator.
25. A reversible heat engine operates between two reservoirs at temperatures of 800°C and 30°C
respectively. The engine drives a reversible refrigerator which operates between reservoirs at
temperatures of -15°C and 30°C. The heat supplied to the heat engine is 1900 kJ and the net-work
output from the combined engine refrigerator plant is 290 kJ. Evaluate the heat absorbed by the
refrigerant and the total heat transferred to the 30OC reservoir.
26. A reversible heat engine operates between two reservoirs at temperatures of 700°C and 50°C
respectively. The engine drives a reversible refrigerator which operates between reservoirs at
temperatures of -25°C and 50°C. The heat transfer to the heat engine is 2500 kJ and the net-work
output from the combined engine refrigerator plant is 400 kJ. (i) Evaluate the heat absorbed by the
refrigerant and the net heat transferred to the 50OC reservoir. (ii) Reconsider (i) given the efficiency
of the heat engine and COP of the refrigerators are each 45% of their maximum possible values.
27. A refrigerator produces 2 tonnes of ice at 0OC per day from water maintained at 0OC. It rejects heat
to the atmosphere at 27OC. The power to the refrigerator is supplied by an engine which absorbs heat
from a source which is maintained at 227OC by burning fuel of calorific value 20MJ/Kg. Find the
consumption of fuel per hour and the power developed by the engine. Assume both the devices to
run on Carnot cycle.
28. It is proposed to produce 1000Kg of ice per hour from liquid water at 0OC in summer when the
ambient temperature is 30OC. It is planned to use a heat engine to operate the refrigeration plant. Hot
water at 70OC which is produced by solar heating may be used as a source to supply heat to the Heat
engine and the engine uses the ambient temperature as the sink. Calculate: (i) The power required to
drive the refrigerator, (ii) The ratio of heat extracted from the freezing water to the heat absorbed as
heat by the heat engine, (iii) The rate at which heat is rejected to the ambient atmosphere by both the
devices, (iv) Sketch the representation. Assume the latent heat of fusion of water at 0OC as
333.43kJ/Kg.
29. A boiler furnishes heat Q1 at the high temperature T1. This heat is absorbed by a heat engine, which
extracts work W and rejects the waste heat Q2 into the house at T2. Work W is in turn used to operate
a mechanical refrigerator or heat pump, which extracts Q3 from outdoors at temperature T3 and reject
Q2ʹ (where Q2ʹ = Q3 + W) into the house. As a result of this cycle of operations, a total quantity of
heat equal to Q2 + Q2ʹ is liberated in the house, against Q1 which would be provided directly by the
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DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE-560 111
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS/22ME32/ODD SEMESTER OCTOBER 2023 - MARCH 2024
PROBLEMS IN UNIT-III
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
ordinary combustion of the fuel. Thus the ratio (Q2 + Q2ʹ)/Q1 represents the heat multiplication factor
of this method. Determine this multiplication factor if T1 = 473 K, T2 = 293 K, and T3 = 273 K.
30. A steam power plant receives heat from a furnace at a rate of 280GJ/h. Heat losses to the
surrounding air from the steam as it passes through the pipes and other components are estimated to
be about 8GJ/h. If the waste heat is transferred to the cooling water at a rate of 145GJ/h. Evaluate
(a.)Net power output, (b.) Thermal Efficiency of the plant, (c.) Sketch the representation.
31. A food department is kept at -12OC by a refrigerator in an environment at 30OC. The total heat gain
to the food department is estimated to be 3300kJ/h and the heat rejection in the condenser is
4800kJ/h. Evaluate: (i.)The power input to the compressor, in kW and (ii.) COP of the refrigerator.
32. A house hold refrigerator is maintained at 2OC. Every time the door is opened, warm material is
placed inside, introducing an average 420kJ of heat, but making only a small change in temperature
of the refrigerator. The door is opened 20 times a day and the refrigerator COP is 15% of the ideal
COP. The cost of operating the refrigerator is 32 Paise per kWh. What is the monthly bill of the
refrigerator? The atmospheric temperature is 30OC.
33. Define schematically with a pictorial representation: (a.) Heat Engine, (b.) Heat pump and (c.)
Refrigerator. Also develop their expressions for their performance and the relationship between
them.
34. State Clausius and Kelvin Planck statements of second law of thermodynamics. And also prove that
they are equivalent.
35. Deduce the expression for efficiency of a Carnot cycle and also state the assumptions made.
36. Show that violation of Kelvin Planck statement lead to violation of Clausius statement.
37. Show that violation of Clausius statement leads to violation of Kelvin Planck statement.
38. State and Prove Carnot’s Theorem with necessary schematic representations.

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