SMART MONITORING OF THE TRAIN AND TRAIN
TRACKS TO PREVENT RAILWAY HAZARDS
Slot-A1 +TA1
Faculty Name: Prof. DEEPA K
Team MemBER REGESTRATION NUMBER
Puspendu Roy 19BEC0708
Sadu Venkata Sai Jignesh 19BCE0038
Boggavarapu vijaya naga eswar gupta 19BDS00 9
ABSTRACT
Smart monitoring of the train and train track is very important in the Indian
railway to prevent accidents. Especially in India it is very important. The Indian
railway system is lagging regarding smart monitoring of train with the other
countries. By smart monitoring of the train, it can find breakage of train track it
can prevent accident between two train if two train is on the same track due to
miss matching of signal, it can find whether there is any obstacle present in
railway track, it can also detect whether two coaches of the train get separated
during the motion of the train due to manufacturing defect. It helps to detect fire
in the pantry car . Smart monitoring of the Indian railway help to monitor the
train and its track in a very effective way .It can implement in Indian railway that
helps to avoid the accident and save lots of people’s life
TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE SURVEY
METHODOLOGY
MODELING AND ANALYSIS
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE SURVEY
The first train in India ran between Bori Bonder and thane on 16 April 1853 which
is run on a steam engine .It was the first passenger train in India from there lots of
development has taken place. At that time there is no ac coach in that train but
now both ac and sleeper coaches are there . Besides all these development , lots
of development are needed for the Indian railway which will help the Indian
railway a lot .Indian railway not only act as a mode of transportation for people it
will also help in transporting goods from one place to another so for all these
things smart monitoring of train is very important that will reduce the risk of an
accident K. Gayathiri al.[1] in their work they use the seismic sensor to detect
vibration the level of vibration will be high or low depending upon the direction of
acceleration if the vibration value is not normal then there must be a defect in the
track . Abhi Ladola al.[2] in their work to prevent an accident of train they built a
device that can detect the crack in railway track using Infrared sensor and charge
the battery of the Arduino with the help solar panel cell. C. Narendra Singh
al.[3]in their project they use magnetic penetration to detect the crack by using
the hall sensors .Wong Wei qing[4] in his project used an ultrasonic sensor to
detect the object and use LED to show whether the obstacle is present or not.
Muhamad Nizam Bin Mustapha [5] built a fast track quality measurement using a
gyro [Link] Islam.[6][Link] his thesis show how to keep a track on
the train by using the GSM module and also describe how to send the current
location of the train by using the GPS [Link] charge an Arduino by solar cell
[2]only work in some restricted area such as Karnataka, Tamilnadu, charging of
the solar panel will not take place during the monsoon season and that place
where there is cloudy weather. So for that, we have to look at some other form of
energy that can charge our Arduino Using vibration sensor to detect the crack
present in train track [1] it is sensitivity to higher frequency noise but some time
due to some external factor the railway track get the same vibration as that of
passing a train through the track then at that time it will not be going to work
METHODOLOGY
(1) To detect a crack in railway track IR sensor is used for detecting the breakage
and cracks in railway track by sending and receiving IR signal .if crack is found in
railway track then by using GPS, the latitude and longitude coordinates will be
sent to railway authority by using GSM Module after sending message to railway
authority they comare this location to the location where crack is intensily there
to prvent thermal expression
Fig 1 : flow chart to detect the crack in train trac
Arduino code
int IR = 2; // connect ir sensor to arduino pin 2
#include <TinyGPS.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial SIM900(7, 8);
TinyGPS gps;
void setup()
pinMode (IR, INPUT); // sensor pin INPUT
void loop()
//int statusSensor = digitalRead (IRSensor);
if (digitalRead(IR) == 1){
bool newData = false;
unsigned long chars;
unsigned short sentences, failed;
// For one second we parse GPS data and report some key values
for (unsigned long start = millis(); millis() - start < 1000;)
while ([Link]())
char c = [Link]();
//[Link](c);
if ([Link](c))
newData = true;
if (newData) //If newData is true
float flat, flon;
unsigned long age;
gps.f_get_position(&flat, &flon, &age);
[Link]("AT+CMGF=1\r");
delay(400);
[Link]("AT + CMGS = \"+91xxxxxxxxxx\"CRACK DETECTED");// recipient's mobile number
with country code
delay(300);
[Link]("Latitude = ");
[Link](flat == TinyGPS::GPS_INVALID_F_ANGLE ? 0.0 : flat, 6);
[Link](" Longitude = ");
[Link](flon == TinyGPS::GPS_INVALID_F_ANGLE ? 0.0 : flon, 6);
delay(200);
[Link]((char)26); // End AT command with a ^Z, ASCII code 26
delay(200);
[Link]();
[Link](failed);
// if (chars == 0)
// [Link]("** No characters received from GPS: check wiring **");
}
(2) To prevent separation of train Compartment due to manufacturing defect
Connect one ultrasonic sensor between two compartment that maintains a
constant distance between them if the distance will increases then with the help
of the attached GSM module Arduino will send a notification to the train driver
that Compartment is going to be separated then he will stop the train and inform
railway authority that particular train Compartment is going to be separated
Fig 2: flow chart to To prevent separation of train Compartment due to manufacturing defect
ARDUINO CODE
const int echoPin = 2; // Echo Pin of Ultrasonic Sensor
const int pingPin = 3; // Trigger Pin of Ultrasonic Sensor
#include <TinyGPS.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial SIM900(7, 8);
TinyGPS gps;
void setup()
[Link](9600); // Starting Serial Communication
[Link](9600);
pinMode(pingPin, OUTPUT); // initialising pin 3 as output
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // initialising pin 2 as input
void loop()
long duration, inches, cm;
digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(pingPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // using pulsin function to determine total time
cm = microsecondsToCentimeters(duration); // calling method
[Link](cm);
[Link]("cm");
[Link]();
delay(100);
if(cm==313)
bool newData = false;
unsigned long chars;
unsigned short sentences, failed;
// For one second we parse GPS data and report some key values
for (unsigned long start = millis(); millis() - start < 1000;)
while ([Link]())
char c = [Link]();
//[Link](c);
if ([Link](c))
newData = true;
if (newData) //If newData is true
float flat, flon;
unsigned long age;
gps.f_get_position(&flat, &flon, &age);
[Link]("AT+CMGF=1\r");
delay(400);
[Link]("AT + CMGS = \"+91xxxxxxxxxx\" coaches get seperated");// recipient's mobile
number with country code
delay(300);
[Link]("Latitude = ");
[Link](flat == TinyGPS::GPS_INVALID_F_ANGLE ? 0.0 : flat, 6);
[Link](" Longitude = ");
[Link](flon == TinyGPS::GPS_INVALID_F_ANGLE ? 0.0 : flon, 6);
delay(200);
[Link]((char)26); // End AT command with a ^Z, ASCII code 26
delay(200);
[Link]();
[Link](failed);
// if (chars == 0)
// [Link]("** No characters received from GPS: check wiring **");
}
long microsecondsToInches(long microseconds) // method to covert microsec to inches
return microseconds / 74 / 2;
long microsecondsToCentimeters(long microseconds) // method to covert microsec to centimeters
return microseconds / 29 / 2;
}
(3) To prevent the collision between two train when the tracks of the train are
straight When two trains are on the same track(due to mismatching of the signal
or fault in signaling process ) for example train A and train B is on the same track
train A is ahead of train B then train B will send laser light toward the back of the
train B. when laser light of train A hit the photodiode of train B then Arduino of
train B will send a message to railway authority that train A is on my track then
railway authority alert the train A driver
Fig 3:flow chart To prevent the collision between two train when they are on same tracks
ARDUINO CODE
/*
AnalogReadSerial
Reads an analog input on pin 0, prints the result to the Serial Monitor.
Graphical representation is available using Serial Plotter (Tools > Serial Plotter menu).
Attach the center pin of a potentiometer to pin A0, and the outside pins to +5V and ground.
This example code is in the public domain.
[Link]
*/
// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
int ldr=A0;
int val=0;
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial SIM900(7, 8);
void setup() {
// initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second:
[Link](9600);
[Link](9600);
}
// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
void loop() {
// read the input on analog pin 0:
val = analogRead(ldr);
// print out the value you read:
if(val==975){
[Link]("AT+CMGF=1\r");// AT command to send SMS message
[Link]("AT+CMGF=1\r" );
delay(100);
[Link]("AT + CMGS = \"+919609022562\"");// recipient's mobile number, in
international format
[Link]("AT + CMGS = \"+919609022562\"" );
delay(100);
[Link]("two train on the same track."); // message to send
[Link]("two trains are on same track ." );
delay(100);
[Link]((char)26);// End AT command with a ^Z, ASCII code 26
[Link]((char)26);
delay(100);
[Link]();
delay(5000); // give module time to send SMS
//do {} while (1);
//[Link](val);
//delay(1); // delay in between reads for stability
}
(4) Fire detection in pantry car When pantry car is being got fired by accident then
fire sensor will detect that fire and inform to the train driver then train driver then
driver will open the nob of co2 gas
Fig 4:flow chart to detect fire in pantry car
ARDUINO CODE
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial SIM900(2, 3);
int Flame = 6;
void setup() {
[Link](9600);
pinMode(Flame, INPUT_PULLUP);
void loop() {
if(digitalRead(Flame) == 1)
[Link]("AT+CMGF=1\r");// AT command to send SMS message
[Link]("AT+CMGF=1\r" );
delay(100);
[Link]("AT + CMGS = \"+919609022562\"");// recipient's mobile number, in
international format
[Link]("AT + CMGS = \"+919609022562\"" );
delay(100);
[Link]("fire detected."); // message to send
[Link]("fire detected." );
delay(100);
[Link]((char)26);// End AT command with a ^Z, ASCII code 26
[Link]((char)26);
delay(100);
[Link]();
delay(5000); // give module time to send SMS
//do {} while (1
}
MODELING AND ANALYSIS
Model lo defect the present of crack in railway track
Model to Check the separation of two compariment of train
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
1)Crack Detection In crack detection if the crack is detected in the railway track
then the robot which is checking the crack in railway track will send the message
to railway authority that cracks is detected and value of longitude and latitude of
that particular location is sent to the railway authority if two location are different
then railway authority take necessary action
(2) Separation of Compartment in train In Compartment separation, if the ultrasonic sensor shows a
distance greater than the distance between the coaches then GSM module will send a message to the
train driver that Compartment are going to be separated
(3) Collision between two trains who are on the same track In the prevention of collision between the
two trains if there are two trains on the same track then train which is ahead of the other train get
message that another train is on the same track on which it is running
(4) Fire detection In fire detection in the pantry car if, the fire sensor will detect the fire in the pantry car
then Arduino will inform the train driver that the pantry car gets fire .
CONCLUSION
This project presents smart monitoring of the train and its track this project is
divided into four-part the first part is to find the crack or breakage in a train track
by using an infrared sensor and Arduino will check the battery life of robot who
detecting the crack in the railway track . The second part of the project mitigates
the problem of compartment separation due to manufacturing fault this can be
achieved by an ultrasonic sensor that shows a constant distance between the
Compartment if the distance measured by the ultrasonic sensor is increasing then
Compartment of the train going to be separated before train compartment
getting separated it will send a message to a driver that train compartment is
going to be separated the third part of the project mitigate the problem of train
collision between the train which is on the same track and the last one is to alert
the train driver that pantry car gets fire .so that train driver can take necessary
action to get control over fire .
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