NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

The Informlltlon ",Iven In thla document

I. not to be Gom munh:.ted, .Ith er- directly Or Indiredlv, to t_he Pro .. 0 .. to any p er aon not holding an om.:I ... 1 position In HI. Majesty's Servl"".

Notified. i1' A.C./s. jar tha weak encli?IC 251h October, 1939 26

G.S PubU""Uo!l!! 165

SIGN AL

TRAINING

VOLUME TIl

Pamphlet No. 21

FULLERPHONES, MARK IV

1939

THE W.AR OFFICE. 25th Octaber, 1939.

By C01nman(i of tllS A nlzy Council,

!-H

LONDON

Printed under the Authority cd HIS MAJESTY'S STATWNERY OFFICE by William Clowes & Sons, Ltd., London and Beccles,

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

The Information ~Iven In this document Is not to be communicated, either directly or Indirectly, to the Pr,ess or to any person not holding an official position In His MaJesty'. Service.

G.S. Publications 165

Notified in A.C.Is. for the week ending 25th October, 1939 26

SIGN AL

TRAINING

VOLUME III

Pamphlet No. 21

FULLERPHONES, MARK IV

1939

THE WAR OFFICE, 25th October, 1939.

By Command of the Army Council,

~

LONDON

Printed under the Authority of HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE by William Clowes & Sons, Ltd., London and Becc1es.

3

CONTENTS

SEC. PAGE

1. General Description 5

1. Purpose and facilities . . 5

2. Weight and dimensions 5

Table I.-Weight and dimensions.. 5

3. Range of working 5

4. Constructional details. . 6

2. Technical Description 6

1. The circuit 6

2. Line circuits 7

3. Interference 8

4. The buzzer-chopper (BuzzersF, Mk. II) 9

3. Workin~ Instructions 10

1. Preliminary 10

2. To send and receive 11

3. Bunching a number of Fullerphones together to a single pair of headphones for listening in quiet

periods 12

4. Tests 12

i. Potentiometer 12

ii. No signals 13

4. Maintenance and Repair 13

1. General 13

2. Battery compartment 14

3. Buzzer-chopper (Buzzers F, Mk. II) 14

4. To replace the potentiometer, condensers, etc. 14

Appendix I.-List of main components 15

Dlagrams.

Fig. 1. Circuit diagram.

2. Twin line, or single line and earth return, Fullerphone circuit.

3. Simple series superposed circuit-two Fullerphones in series with two telephones.

4

CONTENTS-continued.

Diagrams-continued.

Fig. 4. Series Fullerphone superposed on twin line telephone circuit, or single line and earth telephone circuit.

" 5. Phantom to earth Fullerphone circuit superposed on a twin line.

6. Phantom Fullerphone circuit superposed on two twin lines.

" 7. Development of phantom pair arrangement--one Fullerphone phantom to earth circuit and one phantom telephone circuit superposed on two twin lines.

8. Intermediate Fullerphone circuit superposed on a twin line and earth.

9. Intermediate Fullerphone circuit superposed on two twin lines.

Photographs.

Plate I.-Fullerphones, Mk. IV.-Front view, in case.

II.-Fullerphones, Mk. IV.-Withdrawn from case, buzzer removed.

III.-Fullerphones, Mk. IV.-Internal view, from above. IV.-Fullerphones, Mk. IV.-Buzzer F, Mk. II.

V.-Fullerphones, Mk. IV.-Buzzer F, Mk. II, partly dismantled.

5

SIGNAL TRAINING, VOL. III Pamphlet No. 21 FULLERPHONES. MARK IV 1939

1. General Description

1. Purpose and facilities.-The Fullerphone Mk. IV is a portable D.C. telegraph instrument of high sensitivity. It is suitable for use in forward areas as its signals are practically immune from interception .

. The instrument can be superposed on existing telephone systems when telegraph communication is required between points served by such systems.

The Fullerphone Mk. IV is commonly worked over one

of the following circuits :-

i. A twin line or a single line and an earth return circuit. ii. A simple series superposed circuit.

iii. A superposed series or a superposed phantom circuit.

2. Weight and dimensions.

TABLE I.-WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONS

Weight complete Length Width Depth
(1) (2) (3) (4)
14 lb. 12 ins. 6i ins. 7 ins. 3. Range of working.-Since the instrument is essentially direct current operated and uses morse signalling only, range is only limited by the leakage and resistance of the line and by interference from stray earth currents. The instrument will produce a readable signal with a current of only 0·5 microampere flowing, so that very high resistance lines may be used in emergency conditions. Actually under normal conditions a

6

current of 2·5 micro-amperes is considered necessary for reliable communication.

Under field service conditions, the range called for would not normally exceed 15-20 miles and only the most severe interference from stray earth currents would interrupt communication.

4. Constructional details (see Plates I, II, III, IV and V).The Fullerphone is housed in an aluminium case which, in turn, slides on guides in a wooden carrying case provided with a sling. The headphones are held in the lid of the carrying case. A spring stop which holds the unit in position in the carrying case is pressed down for the unit to be drawn forward into the operating position. A second stop prevents the unit from sliding completely out of the case and a leather pad on the lefthand side of the case presses on the instrument and holds it firmly in place. When in the operating position, the outer case gives some measure of protection to the instrument when working in bad weather. The unit may be withdrawn completely from the carrying case by again pressing the spring stop and drawing the unit forward, when the batteries and buzzerchopper may be removed. The batteries are accessible by lifting the small lid 011 the left-hand side of the instrument, the buzzer battery being at the rear.

The buzzer-chopper (BuzzersF, Mk. II-see Plates II, IV and V) unit slides into position on the top right-hand side of the instrument, the connections being made by contact springs. The morse key is mounted at the bottom right-hand side of the unit. All the other components are contained in the aluminium case.

The instrument control panel is of aluminium and carries the line terminals L1 and L2, potentiometer control knob, reversing switch (marked A-B), "PULL-ON" switch and two" PHONE" sockets.

2. Technical Description

1. The circuit.-The theory of operation of the circuit is fundamentally the same as that described in Signal Training, Volume II, Part III, 1936, Sec. 44. In the Fullerphone, Mark IV, circuit (see Fig. 1), however, one dry cell B1 is used to operate the buzzer-chopper and supply the sending current.

A potentiometer R, dry cell B2, and reversing switch Sa (marked A-B) are also provided, so that stray earth currents or leakage currents from other circuits may be balanced out. A pull-on switch S1 connects the battery B, to the buzzerchopper and also the balancing battery B2 to the potentiometer

7

circuit via the reversing switch. When the reversing switch is set to " A" or "B" positions a potential (identical but reversed in the" B" position) is put in series with the line, the exact potential being dependent upon the setting of the potentiometer. When the reversing switch is in the centre position, the potentiometer is removed from the line and the battery Ba circuit is broken.

Two headphone jacks J 1 and J 2 in parallel enable a number of Fullerphones to be bunched together so that one operator can keep watch on more than one Fullerphone circuit during quiet periods (see Working Instructions, Sec. 3).

2. Line circuits.-The line circuits over which the Fullerphone may be worked are described briefly below :-

i. A twin line or a single line and earth return.-The connections for this simple circuit are shown in Fig. 2, either a twin line or a single line and an earth return being used. The single line and earth return is liable to the various forms of interference from earth currents (see para. 3, below).

ii. Simple series superposing.-In the circuit, shown in Fig. 3, a telephone set and a Fullerphone are connected in series across each end of the line. The telephone sets must have D.C. paths between their terminals, and for this reason the circuit will not operate with the Telephone Sets F, Mk. I, which has no D.C. conducting path when the handset is on the cradle.

Fullerphone working is possible, however, through the Telephone Sets D, Mk. V, which presents a resistance of about 1,000 ohms to D.C. currents.

The network of chokes and condensers in the Fullerphone circuit prevents any sudden rise or fall of current and, consequently, no clicks are heard in the telephone instrument from Fullerphone signals.

Simple series superposing may also be carried out between a telephone exchange and a telephone set or between two telephone exchanges providing they each present a D.C. conducting path at all times. Connections are made to a pair of line terminals on the switchboard instead of to the terminals of a telephone set.

NOTE.-If the circuit of Fig. 3 is connected through an exchange to a similar circuit, four superposed Fullerphones will be connected in parallel on the same line and will interfere with each other.

iii. Series superposing with the Superposing Units (One Transformer).-In this circuit, shown in Fig. 4, the Fullerphone is connected between the two halves of the secondary of the superposing transformer. This form of circuit enables series

8

superposing to be carried out on lines connected to telephone sets, such as the Telephone Sets F, Mk. I, which has no D.C. conducting path when the handset is on the cradle.

iv. Superposing phantom circuits using the Superposing Units (One Transformer).

Some of the more usual circuits are shown in Figs. 5-9.

The circuits of Figs. 5 and 6 may be used when phantom superposing is required on one or two twin lines. No interference from magneto generator or buzzer signals is experienced with either of these circuits, while with the circuit of Fig. 6 interference from earth currents is avoided.

Fig. 7 is a development of the superposing phantom method which is sometimes required, while Figs. 8 and 9 show circuits for an intermediate Fullerphone station superposed on one or two twin lines.

The circuits shown in Figs. 4 to 9 are fully described in the Pamphlet No. 20, .. Superposing Units (One Transformer)" of this series. The Superposing Units (One Transformer) fulfils the same functions as a repeating coil (see Signal Training, Volume II, Part III, 1936, Sec. 43).

3. Interference.-Fullerphone circuits are liable to various forms of interference :-

i. From D.C. earth currents, which are nearly always constant in magnitude.

ii. From A.C. earth currents of frequencies below 90 cis which can pass through the filter circuit. These may be due to leakage from power supply mains or may be produced by an enemy to cause interference.

iii. From buzzer signalling currents caused when the Fullerphone is superposed in series on a circuit which utilizes a buzzer. In this case a click will be heard whenever the buzzer starts or stops.

iv. From magneto signalling currents caused when the Fullerphone is superposed in series on a circuit which utilises a magneto generator.

v. From electrolytic action taking place in cables which have lain in water for some time. This causes a form of interference which is generally rather variable in magnitude and difficult to balance out. The only remedy is to lay a new cable.

In general, A.C. earth currents do not cause very serious interference. They can be recognised because the potentiometer for balancing out D.C. earth currents has no effect on A.C. interference.

9

Difficulties in working the Fullerphone are almost invariably due to interference from small currents being picked up by the line. either by the earth. by earth faults or leakage from other circuits. The current to cause the disturbance must be of a steady nature or of a low frequency. since the output circuit of the Fullerphone will only pass D.C .• and A.C. of any frequency below 90 cIs.

High-frequency currents (such as are produced by a buzzer or speech) induced in the line do not affect the working of the Fullerphone.

The effect of steady current interference is to produce a note in the Fullerphone of exactly the same pitch as the received signals, which are thereby confused and may be rendered unreadable. This disturbance may be balanced out with the potentiometer.

4. The buzzer-chopper (Buzzers F, Mk. II).-The Buzzer

F. Mk. II. is a modification of the buzzer described in Signal Training. Vol. II, Part III, 1936, Sec. 14. It is a polarized buzzer operating from one dry cell only and uses one pair of contacts for" driving." the second pair being used for interrupting or " chopping" the D.C. signal pulses of the Fullerphone at approximately 550 times a second.

The particular electrical and constructional features of the Buzzer F, Mk. II (Plate IV and Fig. 1) which contribute to the efficiency of the instrument are as follows :-

i. The buzzer has a single winding wound on two bobbins. ii. The armature returns to the initial position by spring action similar to that of an ordinary D.C. electric bell.

iii. Only one pair of contacts are used for" driving."

iv. High permeability iron is used for the yokes. pole pieces. armature, etc.

v. Polarising magnets of high coercivity are used which are little affected by shocks.

vi. Totally enclosed construction.

vii. The metals employed for the magnetic circuits are virtually non-corroding.

viii. Ease of adjustment. and stability of the adjustments when made.

ix. The ability to withdraw the buzzer complete from the instrument without disturbing any connections.

The iron circuit of the Buzzer F, Mk. II (see Plate V) consists of a yoke carrying two pole pieces for the bobbins, two flat polarizing magnets forming side pieces and an armature

10

carrying plate. The magnets are 15% cobalt steel of high coercivity, and the remainder of a special high permeability iron known as" Radiometal". The armature, also of" Radiometal ", is attached to the armature carrying plate by a flat transverse spring about which it oscillates, the natural period of oscillation being about 350 cis.

The contacts at each end of the armature are of platinum and are carried on small fiat steel springs screwed to the armature. To the top of the armature carrying plate is screwed a moulding which carries the split bushes of brass for the fine thread contact screws. The locking knobs and the split bushes form collets which effectively lock the contact screws without altering their adjustment.

The three external connections are brought out to contact strips on the back plate of the buzzer. This back plate and the front cover plate are made of bakelized cambric.

The current consumption of the Buzzer F, Mk. II, when in the Fullerphone, and correctly adjusted with both contacts in operation, is approximately 1 rnA.

3. Working Instructions

1. Preliminary=-«

i. Unfasten the catches at the sides of the carrying case and fold back the lid.

ii. Press the spring stop in the centre of the base of the carrying case and keeping it depressed draw the instrument forward and out of the case.

iii. See that the cells in the battery compartment are in good condition and making good contact with their connectors.

iv. Push the unit back into the carrying case as far as the first catch-this is the normal working position. v. Remove the headphones from the clips in the lid and plug them into one of the sockets marked "PHONES ".

vi. Join the terminals Ll and La by a short piece of wire. vii. Pull outwards the knob marked " PULL-ON".

viii. Depress the morse key and if a clear note is not heard in the headphones adjust the buzzer-chopper (Buzzer F, Mk. II) as follows :-

(a) Unlock the two knobs marked "BUZZER" . and "CHOPPER," turning the locking rings

anticlockwise.

11

(b) Unscrew the contact screws marked" BUZZER" and " CHOPPER" about two turns by means of the small knobs.

(c) Turn the "BUZZER" knob slowly clockwise until buzzing starts.

(d) Clamp the" BUZZER" by its locking ring.

(e) Turn the small knob controlling the" CHOPPER" contact screw clockwise until a clear reliable note is heard in the headphones on depressing the morse key.

Important.-When adjusting the buzzer contacts, care must be exercised not to force the contact screw hard on to the armature contacts or the platinum contacts will be damaged and the buzzer put out of action.

(f) Clamp the" CHOPPER" by its locking ring.

(g) To check the adjustment, operate the" PULLON" knob with the morse key pressed. When the knob is out, a clear and steady note should be heard in the headphones.

NOTEs.-i. No undue force must be used in locking the knobs, a quarter of a turn of the locking rings being sufficient to lock or release them.

Light pressure only is required to lock.

ii, If it is impossible to obtain a clear and reliable note in the headphones, when the morse key is pressed, unlock the " BUZZER " knob by means of the locking ring and re-ad just it until the buzzer gives a steady note. Lock the" BUZZER ". press the morse key and adjust the" CHOPPER" knob until the desired result is obtained; then lock. If necessary. repeat the whole of these operations, as care is needed to obtain a reliable note in the headphones.

2. To send and receive.-

i. Remove the short circuiting wire from the terminals Lj, L2 and connect the Fullerphone in the selected line circuit.

NOTE.-In order to facilitate connecting-up, the terminal markings of the Superposing Units (One Transformer), Fullerphones, and telephone sets are reproduced in the diagrams (Figs. 1-9).

ii. Plug in the headphones and pull the "PULL-ON" knob.

12

iii. Eliminate any permanent buzz heard in the headphones not due to the distant station when the key is up by setting the reversing switch to the position " A " and adjusting the potentiometer until the continuous buzz is cut out. If the noise increases or only decreases when the potentiometer knob is rotated, set the switch to position" B " and adjust the potentiometer until the steady noise is eliminated.

NOTE.-Normally, when the potentiometer is not required, the reversing switch should be left in the centre position to avoid battery wastage.

iv. To send, operate the morse key in the usual manner, when side-tone should be heard in the headphones.

v. To receive or stand-by listen in the headphones. Important.-No call can be received unless the buzzer is working and the "CHOPPER" properly adjusted; this can be checked by means of the side-tone.

3. Bunching a number oj Fuller phones together to a single pair oj headphones jor listening in quiet periods.-

i. Connect the output of the Fullerphones in parallel by connecting a twin lead, terminating at each end with a Plug Single No.9, between the telephone jacks of each instrument.

ii. Plug the headphones into the vacant jack on the first or last Fullerphone of the group.

iii. Switch on, by means of the "PULL-ON" switches, all Fullerphones working on metallic circuits and see that the buzzer-chopper of each is working correctly. With Fullerphones working on earth return circuits it is only necessary to switch on the Fullerphone at the opposite end of the group to which the phones are plugged.

iv. A message coming in on any Fullerphone circuit will then be heard by the operator, who must proceed to locate the particular circuit, plug his receivers into the appropriate Fullerphone, having removed the plugs connecting to the other Fullerphones.

v. Immediately a message is taken the whole group of Fullerphones must be re-connected together to avoid any delay on further calls which may be coming in on other circuits.

4. Tests.

i. Potentiometer.

(a) Short-circuit the terminals Ll and L2•

13

(b) Pull on the" PULL-ON" switch. Do not work the morse key.

(c) Move the reversing switch to " A " and a buzz should be heard in the headphones which varies in strength as the potentiometer knob is turned.

(d) Move the reversing switch to " B " and a buzz should be heard in the headphones which varies in strength as the potentiometer knob is turned.

(e) If there is no variation on turning the potentiometer knob with the reversing switch at " A" or "B ", check the connections to the potentiometer battery Bg (Plate II). If these connections are correct and the buzzer-chopper contacts are properly adjusted there is probably a disconnection in the set or the potentiometer is faulty. If all connections in the instrument are sound the potentiometer should be checked for continuity (see Sec. 4, Maintenance, para. 4).

ii. No signals.-

If the Fullerphone is correctly connected up and switched on, when the morse key is operated, signals should be heard in the headphones. If no signals are heard, and only clicks when the morse key is pressed, readjust the buzzer-chopper. If it is impossible to get buzzing by adjusting the " BUZZER" knob, then there is a disconnection, or the battery is run down. See that the battery terminals are clean and tight. If the battery Bl (shown in Fig. 1 and Plate II) is run down replace it with a new one, but if no new cell is available change the position of the old one with the potentiometer battery (B2 Plate II).

If with the buzzer working no signals are heard when pressing. the morse key, readjust the "CHOPPER" knob and then the" BUZZER" knob; continue these adjustments until a clear note is heard in the headphones when the morse key is depressed.

NOTE.-No signal will be heard in the headphones when the morse key is depressed, unless the terminals Ll and Lg are connected to a line (connected to another Fullerphone) or short-circuited.

The buzzer should start readily when the "PULL-ON" switch is operated. If no results are obtainable with the Fullerphone all connections should be carefully checked.

4. Maintenance and Repair

1. General.-The apparatus should be kept clean and dry.

Any parts which require replacement can be renewed if spares

14

are available, but winding failures should be replaced by Ordnance Workshops.

2. Battery compartment.-It is essential that the battery compartment be kept thoroughly clean and any corrosion should be removed from the batteries. This is of importance since, if battery corrosion continues for any length of time, some difficulty may be experienced in removing the old batteries for replacement.

3. Buzzer-chopper (Buzzers F, Mk. II).-Buzzer-chopper failure should be overcome by replacement by another Buzzer F, Mk. II, if possible, before any attempt is made at repairs. The buzzer is removed from the instrument by releasing the spring holding clip and drawing it forward.

NOTE.-On no account must the buzzer be pulled from the instrument by the adjusting knobs.

Small parts of the buzzer which are attached by screws (not riveted) such as the bakelized cover plate, adjusting and locking knobs, armature, springs, etc., may be replaced if necessary.

Any coil replacements should be carried out by Ordnance Workshops.

The contacts of the buzzer, if they have become pitted or dirty, may be cleaned with a contact file or refaced on an oilstone. It is essential that the surfaces of the contacts be perfectly fiat and if no suitable tools are available then the contacts should be left for the attention of Ordnance Workshops.

The threads of the adjusting knobs and locking knobs should be kept free from dirt and grit.

4. To replace the potentiometer, condensers, etc. (see Plate II I). i. Disconnect the four leads from the batteries and the three leads from the morse key.

ii. Remove the four 6 B.A. cheese-headed screws from the front panel and the two 6 B.A. cheese-headed screws at rear on the top panel of the instrument.

iii. Lift away the top and front panels as a unit.

All the components of the Fullerphone are now accessible and can be easily unsoldered and replaced. Before the potentiometer can be replaced the two chokes CHI and CH2 will have to be removed. These are held in position by eight countersunk screws through spacing pieces.

15

APPENDIX I.-LIST OF MAIN COMPONENTS

Reference I
--------- Remarks
Description "0 '" Value and V.A.O.S.
.C/ ... B nomenclature
S :;l
bD co
;>, ii: p:;
ffl
(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
----- --
Batteries .. BI I II 2 cells 1·5 Cells, Dry, X,
i & volts each Mk. II, or Cells,
B2 Inert, S, Mk I.
! (Sect. W2).
Boxes, carrying .. I FulJerphones
Mk. IV Boxes
Mk. 1* (Sect.
V). Earlier
models of this
instrument
were supplied
with fabric
covered wood-
en boxes.
The later model
has a metal
bound wooden
box.
Buzzer-chopper .. I I, II, 30 ohms Buzzers F, Mk.
IV &V (two coils II (Sect. V).
in series).
Choke .. .. I CHI I III 200 ohms FulJerphones
resistance. Mk. IV Chokes
200 ohms
! (Sect. V).
Choke .. .. CH2 I III 200 ohms FulJerphones
resistance. Mk. IV Chokes
200 ohms
(Sect. V).
---- --
Condenser .. C1 1 III 1 J-LF Condensers I.C
(Sect. V).
--
Condenser .. C2 1 III 2 J-LF Condensers 2.D
(Sect. V).
---
Condenser .. C3 1 III 1 [IF Condensers I.C
(Sect. V). 16

APPENDIX I-(0ontinued.)

Description

Value

Remarks and V.A.O.S. nomenclature.

Reference

J:l

oj

p:;

(4)

(5)

(6)

'"

~

i.l: (3)

1,,--1-1-1- Receivers,

Headgear

i I C.L.R. double

I IVIk. III (Sect.

-M-o-rs-e-k-e-y----I~~~ ~- -I-&-II-I-~~~-II-K-Y-e-~s--W-.-T-.-8-

lamp No. 2 (Sect Z)

(I)

(2)

Headphones

---- ~~
Potentiometer .. I R 1 I, II, 500 ohms Fullerphones
& III Mk. IV Poten-
I tiometers(Sect.
V).
Pull-on swi tch .. SI 1 I & II FU'Uerphones
M k. IV
I Switches, ON
and OFF
(Sect. V).
I I
Reversing switch 52 1 I, II, I Keys No. 212
& III (Sect. V).
-----
Sling .. .. ! I I Straps carrying
I F (Sect. V).
Earlier models
I of the instru-
ment were sup-
plied with
leather slings
as shown in
Plate 1. These
slings are now
of webbing
material.
~~ I
Telephone sockets Fullerphones
Mk. IV Sockets
Telephone
I (Sect. V). Printed under the Authority of HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE by William Clowes & Sons, Ltd., London and Beccles.

(760) Wt. 23392-8015. 10M. 10/39. W. C. & S., Ltd. Gp.394.

17 NOTES

18 NOTES

19 NOTES

20 NOTES

21 NOTES

22 NOTES

23 NOTES

24 NOTES

25

:z: u

26

FIG. 2.-TWIN LI~E, OR SINGLE LINE AND EARTH RETURN, FULLERPHONE CIRCUIT.

LI 1..1.

FUI..I.E.RPHONE, FUl.lERP"'O~t.
lot 1.2.
i ---------: I

--$--

I -.::::.~-

FIG: 3.-SIMPLE SERIES SUPERPOSED CIRCUIT. TWO FULLERPHONES IN SERIES WITH TWO TELEPHONES.

L, LI
Ttl..tp~a"£ lElEPHON£
\,.\ L'L

L, \"1.
rULLERPHONE. f"U\"I.ER~ONt.
\.1 I - - - - - - - - - _.! \..'1. I -.='.::..-

27

FIG. 4.-SERIES FULLERPHONE SUPERPOSED ON TWIN LINE TELEPHONE CIRCUIT, OR SINGLE LINE AND EARTH TELEPHONE CIRCUIT.

L.INE.

~_-I-eL.\. FULLER-

PHONE. ~-+-L2.

L.I ....... __ FULLER-

PHONE.

L.t--+--

FIG. 5.-PHANTOM TO EARTH FULLERPHONE CIRCUIT SUPERPOSED ON A TWIN LINE.

LINt.

~~~w L, ~ __ ~

F'U'..LO,- FUI.LEi-

PHOME L1.

LINt.

28

FIG. 6.-PHANTOM FULLERPHONE CIRCUIT SUPERPOSED ON TWO TWIN LINES.

INST. L,. UNE. \.\. \N'T.

~-----------------1

E.r.P.

I

IN&T. \.aOR E. l.INE. \.2 OR t. 'N~T.
\.1. l.1.
. F'U\.\.ER- FU\.\.£R- ...
w CI
c5 PHONE. PH.ONE. ~
i \.\ \.t :s:
:J: u
u ;)C
x ...
...
\M'T 1.1. \'\NE. \.\. IMflT.
t.r.P.
I E.r. P.

I

\NST. \'t.OR t.

\'\NE.

\.'1 OR E. IN&T.

29

FIG. 7.-DEVELOPMENT OF PHANTOM PAIR ARRANGEMENT-ONE FULLERPHONE PHANTOM TO EARTH CIRCUIT AND ONE PHANTOM TELEPHONE CIRCUIT SUPERPOSED ON TWO TWIN LINES.

1NST. ~1.

LINE.

'-I. IN~T.

E.F. P.

I

L\Nt

1.1 e-+-_~ FULI-tllPHONE.

I.IN£

F.R

L.INE

I

E. F. P.

'NiT. \.1.

30

FIG. S.-INTERMEDIATE FULLERPHONE CIRCUIT SUPERPOSED ON A TWIN LINE AND EARTH.

INST. \..'1. OR·E.

L\M£.

F.S F:p.

r.s. [P.

IN~T. \..1.

r---,

I I

I I

rr;- .t-----

I I\..'l.. \..1.,

I L.. .J

I -=i.!tr-

1N9.T. L. t Ott E.

INST SaP\.\T

L.:l. L..,.

F'U\..LERP'MONE(&)

F.~. foP..

1

H.P.

Lt OR t. INST.

LINE.

FoP. F.St. L, fULLERPMONE.

L1

\ L.I, IN'T.

L..INE .

.----,

: I

I ~I'"

: L\. L. .... I :

L.. ..J I

I

I ...

31

FIG. 9.-INTERMEDIATE FULLERPHONE CIRCUIT SUPERPOSED ON TWO TWIN LINES.

1~f,T. LI. L.INt. 1.1. lNST. L.INE. I.,. lWST .

.

W <:1 Z a: :x: o :>< w

.... '"

~

:x: cJ x W

IN5T. L.a OR E.

IttST. L'2. OR E.

L'l. OR E. I~~T.

H

z . 0:1: ,0 _JI_J-

::>~ a.1J)

£

o ~ r..:.,

I

>

-;

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