CAT 8044

D/80th CA BN
SOP

ORDO AB CHAO

Soldier and Leader Reference Guide

OCTOBER 2014

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
REFERENCES
ST 3-20.983 Reconnaissance Handbook APR 2002
ST 3-20.9813 Scout Platoon TACSOP DEC 2002
ST 3-20.153 Tank Platoon SOP JAN 2002
SH 21-76 Ranger Handbook APR 2000
STP 41-38B14-SM-TG Soldier’s Manual and Trainer’s Guide JAN 2008
MOS 38B, CA Soldier Skill Level 1 Through 4
STP 41-38II-OFS Officer Foundation Standards II Civil Affairs APR 2004
(38) Officer’s Manual

ATP 3-28.1 Multi-Service TTP’s and Procedures for FEB 2013

Defense Support of Civil Authorities
ATP 3-57.10 CA Support to Populace and Resources AUG 2013
Control (PRC)
ATP 3-57.20 Multi-Service Techniques for CA Support FEB 2013
to Foreign Humanitarian Assistance (FHA)
ATP 3-57.30 CA Support to Nation Assistance (NA) MAY 2014
ATP 3-57.50 CA Civil Information Management SEP 2013
ATP 3-57.60 CA Planning APR 2014
ATP 3-57.70 Civil-Military Operations Center (CMOC) MAY 2014
ATP 3-57.80 Civil-Military Engagement OCT 2013

CALL 08-11 COIN Patrolling APR 2008

CALL 08-43 Fratricide Avoidance SEP 2008
CALL 10-41 Assessments and Measures of MAY 2010
Effectiveness in Stability Ops

FM 3-05.230 SF Tactical Facilities FEB 2009

FM 3-05.401 CA Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures JUL 2007
FM 3-06.11 Combined Arms Operations FEB 2002
in Urban Terrain
FM 3-20.15 Tank Platoon FEB 2007
FM 3-20.98 Reconnaissance Platoon DEC 2002
FM 3-21.8 Infantry Rifle Platoon MAR 2007
and Squad
FM 3-21.9 SBCT Infantry Rifle Platoon DEC 2002
and Squad
FM 3-57 Civil Affairs Operations (C1 and C2) OCT 2011

USAID Conflict Assessment Framework (v 2.0) JUN 2012

NATO (CCOE) CIMIC Field Handbook, 3rd Edition JAN 2012

ALL material contained in this reference is subordinate to the 80th CA BN

TACSOP. If discrepancies are identified default to the 80th CA BN TACSOP.
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i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section I. Team Organization
Task Organization.……………………………….1-1
Command Structure..…………...…………….... 1-2
Section II. CA Planning
CA Planning...………………..…………….….....2-1
TLPs……….…………….………………….….....2-2
OPORD Format..………………………….…..... 2-4
Convoy Brief……………………………….…..... 2-5
CA Methodology..………………………….….....2-6
Section III. Assessment and Analysis
Civil and Operational Variables.………….……. 3-1
Conflict Assessment……………………….…….3-2
Lines of Effort….……………………………....... 3-3
MOPs/MOEs….……………………………........ 3-4
Section IV. CA Core Tasks
Civil Information Management..………….….....4-1
Populace and Resources Control…….…......... 4-3
Foreign Humanitarian Assistance……….…..... 4-5
Nation Assistance...……………………….…..... 4-10
Support to Civil Administration………….….......4-11
Section V. Mission Preparation
PCC/PCI Checklists…...……………...……….. 5-1
Signal/Communications...……...…...…………..5-5
Rehearsals……...……………………...……….. 5-6
Escalation of Force…..……………...……......... 5-6
Section VI. Formations and Movement Techniques
Mounted Formations……………………………. 6-1
Mounted Movement Techniques…………...…..6-5
Dismounted Formations……………………...... 6-7
Team Formations……………………..……….... 6-9
Section VII. Battle Drills
LDA Crossing……………………………………. 7-1
Break Contact………………………………….... 7-2
React to IDF..……………………………………. 7-3
Team Attack…………………………………...….7-4
React to Near Ambush……………………...….. 7-6
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ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section VII. Battle Drills (cont.)
React to IED/SVBIED…………………………... 7-7
React to Complex Attack.……………………….7-9
React to SVEST………………………………….7-12
Close Quarter Combat / Room Clearing…....…7-13
Section VIII. Vehicle Crew Drills
Down Driver/Gunner, Mounting and Bailout.….8-1
Crew Sectors………………………………....…. 8-2
Hasty Recovery……….……………………...…. 8-3
Actions at Short Halts…………………………... 8-4
Vehicle Load Plan…..…………………………... 8-5
Section IX. Force Protection
Team House Operations….…..….………….…. 9-1
Force Protection Planning……………..………. 9-3
Section X. Interpersonal Communications
KLEs………………………......…………………. 10-1
Negotiations……………......…………………….10-3
Capabilities Briefs….…..…….…………….........10-4
EPWs and Tactical Questioning........…………. 10-5
Section XI. Funding
Funding and Appropriations....………………….11-1
Projects……………...……......…………………. 11-2
Section XII. Standardized Tie-downs/Markings
Tie-Downs…………...……......………………….12-1
Markings……..………….….....………………….12-3
Section XIII. Reports, Statuses, and Assessments
Reports…….…...………………...…...………….13-1
Call for Fire....…………………...………………. 13-3
MEDEVAC (9-Line & MIST).....……...……...….13-4
REDCON Statuses.……………...….......………13-5
Rapid Village Assessment.……...……..……….13-6

APPENDIX A. Status Cards….....…........………………….A-1

Notes……….……...……………...……......………………….A-2

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SECTION I. TEAM ORGANIZATION
TASK ORGANIZATION
The following are diagrams representing a CAT operating in either a tactical un-stabilized vehicle platform or non-tactical
vehicles. It is essential that CAT task organization, load plans, vehicle selection, and seating, be adjusted, as necessary,
according to METT-TC.

1 Truck / 4+1 PAX 2 Truck / 4+2 PAX

TACTICAL VEHICLE NON-TACTICAL VEHICLES

D44 A Truck B Truck

TC TEAM LEADER (TL) TC TL TC TMSGT
DRIVER CANCO DRIVER CANCO DRIVER MS
GUNNER (M240B) TEAM SERGEANT (TMSGT) DISMOUNT INT DISMOUNT INT
DISMOUNT (L/R) MED. SPEC. (MS) DISMOUNT DISMOUNT
DISMOUNT (R/R) INTERPRETER (INT) DISMOUNT DISMOUNT
NOTE: Team will use discretion when choosing most appropriate
NTV platform for any given mission. Team will endeavor to never
have all team members consolidated into one NTV at any time. In
the event all team members must travel in a single vehicle, the
seating configuration will mirror the tactical vehicle configuration.

Dismounted / MSE (4 PAX)

Dismounted Movement
Mounted Security Element (MSE) Sections
The team will only move in dismounted movement
sections (A and B) when moving entirely dismounted.
SECTION

Otherwise, the team will function with a Mounted

ALPHA
MOUNTED
ELEMENT

Security Element (MSE) and Dismounted Element. The

MSE will consist of the Team Sergeant and Medical
TL CANCO Specialist, and will remain with the vehicle(s) in order
to maintain freedom of maneuver, and coordinate
TM MS INT security and CASEVAC/MEDEVAC.
SGT M4
SECTION
BRAVO

M4/M9 The Dismount Element (Team Leader, CANCO, and

Interpreter) will dismount and conduct engagements,
assessments as required. The dismount element can
TM MS
be augmented with the MS and/or TMSGT depending
DISMOUNT
ELEMENT

SGT
upon the environment/mission (METT-TC).

TL CANCO INT
M4/M9 M4
M203

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1-1
SUCCESSION OF COMMAND
Succession of Command is as follows (Radio Call signs indicated in parentheses):
1) TL (D44)
2) TMSGT (D44B)
3) CANCO (D44E)
4) Medical Specialist (D44M)

ASSUMING COMMAND
During combat, any member of the CAT may be required to assume command. The following table lists steps that the
new leader must take when such a change becomes necessary. Foremost, keep in mind this simple guideline for any soldier
who must assume command: When in charge, TAKE CHARGE!

STEP ACTION - Assuming Command

1 Inform higher headquarters of the change
immediately.
2 Reestablish the chain of command and inform the
team of the change.
3 Change the user ID for digital systems (FBCB2).
4 Check the platoon's equipment and personnel
status.
5 Confirm positions of all elements.

6 Assess the team's ability to continue the mission

and report results to higher headquarters.
7 Continue the mission.

BASIC RESPONSIBILITIES
I. TEAM LEADER (TL)
I. Responsible for everything the Team does or fails to do.
II. Responsible for maintenance and accountability of all Team’s equipment, personnel, and information
III. Timely and accurate reporting.
IV. Constantly utilizes CA Methodology (Assess, Decide, Develop/Detect, Deliver, Evaluate, Transition) to plan
and execute CAO/CMO.
V. Coordinate with adjacent units and/or civilian elements to positively effect mission outcome.
VI. Be an expert in the area of operations and all aspects of the civil/military environment (PMESII-PT/ASCOPE).
VII. Be versatile, able to exercise sound judgment and make effective, quick decisions based on the situation and
the Commander’s intent.
II. TEAM SERGEANT (TMSGT)
I. Responsible for the tactical employment and force protection of the Team.
II. Assume control of team in absence of TL.
III. Submit all digital and voice admin/log reports. Responsible to consolidate team’s LOGSTAT/PERSTAT and
submit/requisition resupply as required.
IV. Supervise rearm, refuel, maintenance, and feeding of Team.
V. Supervise evacuation of team casualties, KIAs and POWs.
III. CIVIL AFFAIRS NCO (CANCO)
I. Responsible for tactical security during CAO.
II. Responsible for maintenance and operation of all vehicles and equipment.
III. Responsible for updating/coordinating CIM (ArcGIS, Analyst’s Notebook, etc.) with CMOC and adjacent units.
IV. Specializes in communication systems and deliberate assessments.
V. Identifies and addresses Team vulnerabilities as soon as identified.
IV. MEDICAL SPECIALIST (MS)
I. Responsible for the overall Medical readiness of the team
II. Conducts medical cross-training for all team members
III. Augments security and uses medical expertise to positively effect mission accomplishment
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1-2
SECTION II. CA PLANNING
CA PLANNING: CA Methodology / TLP’s / MDMP
Troop-leading, a dynamic part of the military decision making process (MDMP), begins when the team receives a new mission
or is notified by warning order that a new mission is imminent. The company commander announces his tactical decisions in
the form of orders. Based on these orders, the team uses troop leading procedures (TLPs) to organize planning and
preparation time.

The CA methodology is applied by CA Soldiers at all three levels of war (Tactical, Operational, and Strategic) and is conducted
concurrently with both TLP’s and the MDMP. Each level of war is designed to support the commander’s ability to visualize,
describe, direct, and lead operations. However, at the tactical level, CA Soldiers, elements, and units approach CAO by
applying TLP.

Military Decision-
Civil Affairs Troop Leading
making Process
Methodology Procedures (TLPs)
(MDMP)
Receipt of Mission Receive Mission
Assess Issue a Warning
Mission Analysis
Order
Make a Tentative
COA Development
Plan
COA Analysis (War
Initiate Movement
Game)
Decide
Conduct
COA Comparison
Reconnaissance
COA Approval Complete the Plan
Orders Production Issue the Order
Develop & Detect
Deliver
Evaluate
Transition
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2-1
CA PLANNING: TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
The following are the steps in troop-leading procedures. This listing includes the various conditions, events, and procedures
that constitute each step

I. Receive and Analyze the Mission

I. Task identification (specified, implied, and essential)
II. Limitations and constraints
III. Additional resources required
IV. Coordination requirements
V. Reverse planning schedule

II. Issue the Warning Order

I. Enemy Situation (with a copy of situational template)
II. Restated mission
III. Changes to task organization
IV. Delegation of critical tasks. BEGIN PCC/PCIs. Team Leader must give focus.
V. Coordination Requirements
VI. REDCON level and conditions under which it will change. To relieve soldiers for preparation tasks, use the
lowest REDCON level that will provide adequate security
VII. Reverse planning schedule
VIII. Time and place the OPORD will be issued
IX. Service support requirements
X. Begin graphics production
XI. Begin the terrain model

III. Make a tentative Plan

I. Identify Task and Purpose based on mission
II. METT-TC analysis
III. PMESII/ASCOPE
IV. Integration of the intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB)
V. Analysis of courses of action
VI. Contingencies

IV. Initiate movement

I. Time the route to the start point (SP)
II. Determine why/when to move
III. Position the Team at the location advantageous to preparation for the mission

V. Conduct reconnaissance
I. Map/air/ground reconnaissance
II. Leader reconnaissance

VI. Complete the plan

I. Complete the details of how the CMOC/Team will accomplish each task
II. Develop Team graphics as additions existing and/or supported TF graphics
III. Integrate the fire support (FS) plan
IV. Develop the communication plan
V. Integrate the ENG plan.
VI. Integrate CS
VII. Execute CSS

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2-2
CA PLANNING: TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES (cont.)
VII. Issue the Order
I. TL checks graphics
II. Use terrain model
III. Mission/Intent/Task Purpose/ Actions on OBJ/ Actions on Contact (minimum)
IV. Rules of Engagement (ROE) / Rules of Interaction (ROI)
V. MEDEVAC procedures and plan
VI. End w/ backbriefs

VIII. Supervise and refine

I. Conduct pre-combat checks (PCC) and pre-combat inspections (PCI)
II. Supervise team member orders
III. Conduct a team-level backbrief
IV. Conduct team-level rehearsals in order of precedence:
I. Full dress (run through)
II. Sand Table (Walk-through)
III. Map (talk-through)
IV. FM and FBCB2 (talk/read-through)
V. Check and conduct training on mission-critical tasks
VI. If time is available, plan for as many contingencies as possible at this point

IX. Backbrief Format. Backbriefs will normally be conducted after team orders and after rehearsals.
I. Higher CDR’s mission and intent (two echelons up).
II. Team mission, task/purpose/endstate by phase and event, and relationship to other units.
III. Key actions (what achieves success) – Measures of Performance
IV. Risk Assessment
I. Safety Risks
II. Tactical Risks
III. Fratricide Risks
IV. Risk Reduction measures
V. Issues and required Assistance
I. Ability to meet timeline
II. Ability to accomplish tasks

X. Questions for Backbriefs and PCC/PCI. The following is the minimum of information to be checked during backbriefs
and PCC/PCI.
I. All elements briefed
II. Graphics Posted
III. Enemy situation, avenues of approach, positions, COAs
IV. Kill zones, obstacles and bypasses
V. OP locations, associated NAIs, and expected duration
VI. Actions on contact
VII. Actions on objective
VIII. Location of elements forward and adjacent to the unit
IX. Routes
X. Passage of lines recognition signals
XI. Displacement criteria
XII. PIR
XIII. Air defense threat and status
XIV. Commo card updated and frequencies set
XV. FBCB2 filter settings
XVI. Actions is commo lost
XVII. Casualty collection points
XVIII. Location of aid station
XIX. MEDEVAC procedures and frequencies
XX. MOPP level and times
XXI. ROE
XXII. Force Protection concerns and actions

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2-3
STANDARD FIVE-PARAGRAPH OPORD
The OPORD is normally issued in the standard five-paragraph format, as illustrated below. Additionally, the following
shell demonstrates how the OPORD can be presented in matrix format. The platoon leader can adapt this example to fit
operational requirements.

• Task Organization (think MISO)

1. SITUATION (describe area of operations) 6. Anything not covered in the
1. Terrain (OAKOC), Weather (wind, Team SOP
visibility, temperature, cloud cover, 4.SUSTAINMENT
precipitation) 1.Maintenance
2. Enemy Forces (composition,
disposition, strength, plus recent 2.Transportation
activities and courses of action) 3.Supply
3. Friendly Forces (Higher and adjacent 1.Classes of Supply (Rations and
– with their mission and intent)
4. Civilians and NGOs/IGOs/Etc water, Fuel, Ammo, etc.)
2. MISSION (who, what, when, where, why) 4.Medical Evacuation
3. EXECUTION 1.Casualty Collection Points,
1. Intent (our effect on the enemy, Landing Zones, CASEVAC routes
terrain, and civilians) and Concept of
the Operation (how the unit will 5.Foreign/Host Nation Support
accomplish the mission) 6.EPW and civilian handling instructions
2. Scheme of Maneuver (describe the 5.MISSION COMMAND
plan move by move from start to 1.Location of commander, succession
finish, listing routes, actions on
contact, CCPs, RPs, etc.) of command, liaison information
3. Tasks to Subordinate Units (any tasks 2.Reports to be submitted
or responsibilities given to one 3.Communication Plan (Primary,
person/unit in particular) Alternate, Contingency, Emergency)
4. Coordinating Instructions with frequencies
(instructions that apply to more than
one person/group) 4.Code words (challenge/pass words,
1. Timeline (movement, number combination, running
rehearsals, back brief, password, recognition signals)
inspections, etc)
2. CCIRs
3. Rules of Engagement
4. Risk management control
measures
5. Information themes to use

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2-4
CONVOY BRIEFING FORMAT

• Task Organization 4.Supply

1. SITUATION (describe area of operations) 1.Classes of Supply (Rations and
1. Friendly Forces
2. Support Units water, Fuel, Ammo, etc.)
3. Enemy Situation 5.Medical Evacuation
4. Civilians and NGOs/IGOs/Etc 1.Casualty Collection Points,
2. MISSION (who, what, when, where, why) Landing Zones, CASEVAC routes
1. Type of Cargo 5.MISSION COMMAND
2. Origin
3. Destination 1.Location of commander, succession
3. EXECUTION of command, liaison information
1. Movement formation 2.Reports to be submitted
2. Timeline
3. Routes 3.Communication Plan (Primary,
4. Convoy Speed (25 mph) Alternate, Contingency, Emergency)
5. Catch-up speed (30 mph) with frequencies
6. Emergency Measures 1.Hand and Arm Signals
1. Accidents 4.Code words (challenge/pass words,
2. Breakdowns
3. Obstacles number combination, running
4. Separations password, recognition signals)
5. Ambush
1. Actions of convoy pax
2. Actions of security
pax
3. Medical Support
7. Hazards of Route and Weather
Conditions
8. Defensive Driving
4.SUSTAINMENT
1.Control of Personnel
2.Billeting / Meal Plan
3.Maintenance

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2-5
CA PLANNING: CA Methodology
CA forces planning for CAO use the CA methodology (assess, decide, develop and detect, deliver, evaluate, and transition) to
describe how CA Soldiers, elements, and units approach CAO (Figure 2-1, page 2-2). In no way is the CA methodology
intended to replace MDMP; it is, however, intended to provide the rationale necessary in the planning of CAO. The CA
methodology consists of the following six steps:

• Assess. Assess current conditions against a defined norm or established standards.

• Decide. Decide who, what, when, where, why, and how to focus CA assets and actions that support the
commander’s intent, planning guidance, and concept of operations (CONOPS).
• Develop and detect. Develop rapport and relationships with the nonmilitary participants of the
operation (including the IPI) and detect those conditions or events that call for a specific CAO/CMO
response.
• Deliver. Engage the civil component with planned or on-call CAO (PRC, FHA, NA, SCA, and CIM)/CMO, as
appropriate.
• Evaluate. Evaluate the results of the executed mission.
• Transition. Transition CAO or CMO to follow-on CA units, other military units, HN forces or agencies,
United Nations (UN) organizations, IGOs, NGOs, and other civilian agencies, as appropriate.

Steps of the CA Methodology and Products/Outputs

• Initial Estimate
Assess • Restated Mission

• Assessments/revised or updated plans/formalized

Decide • CMOC terms of reference/FRAGO’s

• Commander’s concept / CA priorities

Develop • CAO Annex / MOPs/MOEs
& Detect

• Executed Missions
Deliver

• CA/CMO Briefings, reports, AAR’s / additional project nominations / new

Evaluate mission requirements (possible FRAGO’s) / finalized transition plan

• Successful transition of authority (relief-in-place)

Transition

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2-6
SECTION III. ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS
Assessment of Civil and Operational Variables
Civil Affairs Planners organize data collection according to civil considerations (ASCOPE). Army forces use operational
variables (PMESII-PT) to understand and analyze the broad environment in which they are conducting operations. Analysis of
these CAO/CMO variables can help to identify a center of gravity (COG) in the AO and more effectively focus CAO. The chart
below is an example of a technique for assessing the ASCOPE/PMESII factors within an area.

M
ASCOPE P E S I I
Military /
Factor Political Economic Social Information Infrastructure
Security
District or Coalition/bases, Bazaar areas, Traditional picnic Radio, television, Irrigation
province historic farming areas, areas, bazaars, Internet, paper networks, water
A boundaries and ambush/IED sites border crossing outdoor shura coverage areas, tables, and areas
Areas party affiliation sites and word-of- with medical
areas mouth gathering supplies
points

Province and Operating bases, Bazaar, wheat, Churches, Cell, radio, and High-payoff
district centers, provincial/district storage, and mosques, television targets, roads,
S shura halls and police HQ’s, banks wedding halls, production and bridges, electrical
Structures polling sites border points of popular transmission lines, gabion
entry restaurants, DC facilities, and walls, and dams
camps print shops

Dispute 24/7 security, QRF Access to banks, Strength of tribal, Literacy rate, and Build, inspect, and
Resolution, local present, military ability to clan or village electronic media maintain roads,
leadership strength/weapons withstand traditional and phone service walls, dams,
C
drought, structure, availability refuse collection,
Capabilities government availability of and irrigation
assistance food, water, systems
programs shelter

Political parties, Command Class deviations, Tribes, clans, News and media Government
intergovernmenta structure, banks, large families, and networks, ministries,
l organizations, volunteer/conscri landholders, black sport and youth, influential medical and
O and pt, coalition market, shuras mosques, and construction
Organizations nongovernmental forces cooperatives, and information companies,
organizations non- operations groups unions
governmental
organizations

Governors, Defense coalition, Bankers, foreign Classes (upper / Media owners, Builders, road
mullahs, shura ministries, morale investors corps, lower / middle), mullahs, maliks, contractors, and
members, elders, landholders, mullahs, maliks, elders, and heads local
P
councils, merchants, and elders, shura of families development
People parliamentarians, money lenders members, and councils
judges influential
families

Elections, shuras, Lethal events, loss Drought, harvest, Friday prayers, Friday prayers, Road, bridge,
jirgas, provincial of leadership, business opening, holidays, births, publishing dates, school, and center
council meetings, operations, peace loss of business, weddings, deaths, project openings, construction, and
E and speeches operations good or bad crop and bazaar days information well digging
Events season operations,
campaigns, and
civilian casualty
incidents

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3-1
CA PLANNING: Conflict Assessment and Center of Gravity Analysis (Assess/Decide)
CA Forces and Planners should incorporate Conflict Assessment Framework (CAF) and Center of Gravity (CoG) Analysis into
their mission analysis and planning processes. CA elements should have identified proposed sources of instability,
grievances, and sources of resiliency prior to mission execution. These elements can help CA Elements identify (whether
building or degrading (UW) civil capabilities) how to focus their CAO/CMO efforts within an AOR and contribute to the non-
lethal targeting process. As CA elements enter their AOR and begin to conduct their initial assessments they can begin to
confirm/deny their analysis and modify as required.

The CAF and CoG Analysis process are essential to focusing CAO/CMO efforts and assessments and force units to conduct
continuous analysis. This cycle is ongoing throughout operations and the results should be incorporated into the CMO
Running Estimate in order to develop effective COA’s and facilitate transition.

1) Complete ICAF based off of Area Study Information

CA Methodology
Assess
Decide
Develop/Detect
Deliver
Evaluate
Transition

IDP presence and

SAPP/SAPA provide
government Perception of
shortfalls cause
essential services to
the populace and
Center of Government’s
competition for inability to provide
resources
IDP’s
Gravity essential services

2) Develop cycle of Critical SAPA provides

security for
SAPP access to
resources
instability/violence and Capabilities populace

Government
identify where we can
withholds essential
services from
interrupt it SAPA recruits from Populace
population centers it the IDP’s Critical IDP Recruitment dissatisfaction with Smuggling/black
views as aligned w/ Base central market
SAPP Vulnerabilities government

3) Conduct CoG Analysis

Government
perceives SAPP & and identify which
SAPA as threats
critical vulnerabilities
we can affect through
CAO/CMO that are in
line with the campaign
plan’s Lines of Effort
(LOE’s)
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CA PLANNING: Lines of Effort
Tactical CAO/CMO should be focused along the lines of effort developed in the campaign plan. The LOE provide a focus to
CAO/CMO which directs operations towards achieving the desired end state(s). LOE may be modified and/or refined
throughout the conduct of operations.

Tactical LOE will usually address specific aspects of the AO, such as activities of the HN security forces, local development
projects, and restoration of essential services. Focus should be on the CAO/CMO efforts in pursuit of established CAO/CMO
objectives.

Lines of Effort Objectives End State

Sewage Municipal sewage system fully
Essential
operational
Services
Water Water treatment plants Operational
functional/distributing
Electricity Electrical plants open; all power lines Critical
intact
Positions
Academics All schools open, staffed, and Staffed
supplied
Trash Trash service in place; city dump Infrastructure
open and Populace
Medical Hospital and clinics open and staffed Secured
Safety Vital law enforcement and fire
protection ongoing Civil Order
Other Other considerations not already Attained
Considerations specified

Example Stability Tactical level LOE, Objectives, and

End State based off of the SWEAT-MSO memory aid
(ATP 3-57.60, CA Planning)

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Measures of Performance (MOPs) / Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs)
Civil Affairs Planners use MOPs and MOEs to identify and evaluate trends that can affect future operations. Too many
MOPs/MOEs can become unmanageable and at that point the cost of collection efforts outweighs the value of assessment
(ATP 3-57.60). The effective usage of MOPs and MOEs helps to ensure that operations are proceeding in line with CAO/CMO
objectives and will identify when/where to shift resources, transition phases, and alter or terminate the mission.

MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE: Focus on task accomplishment by answering the following questions:

• Was the task or action performed as the commander intended?
• Are we doing things correctly?
• Did we produce the required information by the specified/implied tasks (regardless of effect)?

Example Measure of Performance Worksheet

Civil Affairs Team XXXX
Decide Deliver Evaluate
Measure of
Node # Node Location Task Purpose Status
Performance
NI 101 Electrical Suliyah Conduct initial • Determine • Determine • Initial
substation assessment of physical physical assessment
the Suliyah condition of condition conducted
electrical facility of facility NLT D+21
substation • Determine • Determine • CMO report
capability of capability completed
the facility of facility IAW SOP
to meet to meet NLT D+22
village village • Report
power power identifies
distribution distribution condition
needs needs and
capability of
facility

Example Measures of Effectiveness Worksheet

MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS: Focus on effects
attainment by demonstrating the impact that
completed actions have had in achieving the
desired behaviors, capabilities, environments, etc.

CA Teams are used to observe MOE’s through:

• Deliberate Assessments
• Surveys
• Interviews
• Direct Observation

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3-4
SECTION IV. CA CORE TASKS
CIVIL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (CIM)
Civil Information Management (CIM) supports CAO/CMO by extracting operationally relevant data from collected civil
information and fusing it with the operations process. Rarely conducted in the absence of other CA Core Tasks, CIM focuses
on the collected civil information to maintain, influence, or exploit relations between military forces, governmental
organizations and NGO’s, and the civilian populace within any given AO. CIM provides commanders with a focal point and
ensures that CA forces are used to their fullest potential.

CUOPs/CONOPs
(Collection/Collation)

Knowledge
Management
(Collection) Missions
(Collection/Collation )

CIVIL
OPERATING
PICTURE
Effects
FUOPs/Targeting Process (Processing/Analysis )
(Production/Dissemination )
FUOPs/Targeting Process
(Analysis/Production )
BDE &
BN
CDRs Civil
PAO
Affairs

IIA
Non- FET
Lethal
Targeting
DoS MISO

SFAAT VSP

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
4-1
CA CORE TASKS: CIVIL INFORMATION FLOW

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
4-2
CA CORE TASKS: POPULACE AND RESOURCES CONTROL (PRC)
Populace control provides security for the indigenous populace, mobilizes human resources, denies access to the populace
by the enemy, and detects and reduces the effectiveness of enemy agents. Populace control measures include, but are not
limited to, curfews, movement restrictions, travel permits, registration cards, and resettlement of civilians. Dislocated
Civilian (DC) operations and Noncombatant Evacuation Operations (NEOs) are two special categories of populace control
that require extensive planning and coordination among various military and nonmilitary organizations.(See ATP 3-57.10,
Appendix B Techniques in DC Operations & ATP 3-57.10, Appendix C NEO Techniques)

Resources control provides security for the indigenous natural and man-made materiel resources of a nation-state, mobilizes
economic resources, denies access to resources by the enemy, and detects and reduces the effectiveness of enemy and
criminal activity. Resources control measures include, but are not limited to, licensing, regulations or guidelines, checkpoints,
and border security, to include customs inspections, ration controls, amnesty programs, and inspection of facilities.
POPULACE CONTROL: PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS CATEGORIES OF JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS
• Who is the Lead Federal Agency (LFA)? • Military engagement, security cooperation, and deterrence.
• What is the characterization of the operational environment • Crisis response and limited contingency operations.
(permissive, uncertain, or hostile)? • Major operations and campaigns.
• What is the status and character of the indigenous civil
government? DC CATEGORIES
• Do the civil government public safety authorities have the • Displaced person. A broad term used to refer to internally
capability and capacity to maintain public order within the and externally displaced persons collectively (JP 3-29, Foreign
area of operations (AO)? Humanitarian Assistance).
• What are the numbers, ethnicities, demographics, religious • Refugee. A person who owing to a well-founded fear of being
affiliations, and concentrations of the indigenous population persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality,
within the AO? membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is
• Does a significant DC population currently exist? outside the country of his or her nationality and is unable or,
• What are the numbers, ethnicities, demographics, points of owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself or herself of
origin, directions of movement, and modes of transportation the protection of that country (JP 3-29).
of the DC population? • Evacuee. A civilian removed from a place of residence by
• What is the assessment of key indigenous organizations military direction for reasons of personal security or the
influencing the population (political, religious, economic, and requirements of the military situation (JP 3-57, Civil-Military
private sector)? Operations).
• What is the attitude of the indigenous population • Stateless person. A person who is not considered as a
(supportive, neutral, or hostile)? national by any state under the operation of its law (JP 3-29)
• What is the assessment of key IGOs and NGOs operating in • War victim. A classification created during the Vietnam era to
the area of operation? describe civilians suffering injuries, loss of a family member,
• What amount and type of physical damage is affecting the or damage to or destruction of their homes because of war.
civil government, particularly in medical, transportation, War victims may be eligible for a claim against the United
public utilities, and communications infrastructure? States under the Foreign Claims Act.
• What authority exists for the implementation of populace • Internally displaced persons (IDPs). Any person who has
control measures? been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their home or
• Do the existing ROE address populace control, such as crowd places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in
and riot control, criminal activity, and looting? order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of
generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or
POPULACE CONTROL: MINIMUM STANDARDS manmade disasters, and who have not crossed an
DC plans support the commander’s OPLAN and require extensive internationally recognized state border (JP 3-29).
coordination among operational, legal, logistics, interagency, HN, • Migrant. A person who (1) belongs to a normally migratory
NGO, and IGO partners. As a minimum, DC plans must address: culture who may cross national boundaries, or (2) has fled his
• Authorized extent of migration and evacuation. or her native country for economic reasons rather than fear
• Minimum standards of care (see SPHERE Handbook). of political or ethnic persecution (JP 3-29).
• Status and disposition of all DCs. • Returnee. A displaced person who has returned voluntarily to
• Designation of routes and control measures for movement his or her former place of residence (JP 3-29).
control. • Resettled person. A refugee or an internally displaced person
• Cultural and dietary considerations. wishing to return somewhere other than his or her previous
• Designation and delegation of responsibilities. home or land within the country or area of original
displacement (JP 3-29).
See ATP 3-57.10, Appendix A: Appendix 4 (PRC) to Annex K
(CAO)
UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
4-3
CA CORE TASKS: POPULACE AND RESOURCES CONTROL (PRC)
WARTIME OCCUPATION OPERATIONS THAT MAY REQUIRE RESOURCES CONTROL
International law recognizes five basic powers that a military • Counterdrug operations in support of a partner nation during
commander of an occupation force possesses in relation to military engagement.
property in enemy territory: • Consequence management as part of a FHA limited
• Destruction intervention.
• Confiscation • Border security during peace enforcement operations.
• Seizure • Counterinsurgency operations support of a legitimate HN
• Requisition government during irregular warfare.
• Control • Support of a legitimate HN government during post-conflict in
a foreign internal defense environment.
AUTHORIZATION TO IMPLEMENT
Enactment of resources control measures must conform to legal TYPES OF RESOURCES
and regulatory policy and be enforced justly and firmly by the • NATIONAL RESOURCES
HN. U.S. forces will not execute these measures unless: • Public real property, government buildings, and
• the requirements are clearly beyond the capabilities of the facilities.
HN’s security forces • Public utilities, corporations, or monopolies.
• the HN has requested assistance • Extractive property—petroleum, natural gas, minerals,
• appropriate U.S. authorities (to include the U.S. Ambassador) and precious metals and stones.
have granted such assistance • Agricultural, forest, and fishing property.
• Publically owned transportation and communications
U.S. forces support the HN’s lead normally by facilitating property.
interagency and HN government coordination and by providing • Fiscal property used to deal with monies, securities
advice, assistance, training, and security for HN forces executing (bonds, stocks, and so forth), and negotiable
these missions. instruments.
• FOOD AND AGRICULTURE (Commercial/Subsistence)
PRC PLANNING • Specific Objectives of PRC in this category
Good PRC Plans should implement: • Deny access to food resources by enemy combatants.
• The least restrictive measures necessary to achieve the • Redistribute food resources to meet indigenous
desired effect population humanitarian needs.
• Continuous assessment of measures of effectiveness of the • Organize efficient processing, storage, and distribution
restrictions facilities for food and agricultural products.
• Continuous assessment of the attitude of the population • Maximize local agricultural production capacities.
towards the government • Disrupt illegal activity relating to food and agricultural
• Continuous assessment of the operational environment resources.
• Measures to rescind/modify restrictions as the security • Stabilize market prices and rationing food and
situation improves agriculture resources to meet the nutritional demands
of the indigenous population.
• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
CRIMINAL ACTIVITY • Government facilities, to include records storage
Planning of resources control measures must consider illegal facilities and archives.
activity and the impact of such activities on the management • Medical treatment facilities.
of resources within the operational environment. Black market • Fiscal property—the central bank, national treasury,
activities, smuggling, theft, and corruption of HN officials are and integral commercial banks.
examples of criminal activities that may cause a detrimental • Cultural sites, such as monuments, religious shrines,
impact on the availability of critical resources. Criminals libraries, and museums.
dealing in contraband items, such as arms and ammunition, • Facilities with practical applications, such as detention
pose a security threat to the population, the HN government, facilities and warehouses.
and the deployed military force. • Power generation and transmission facilities.
• Transportation grids and port, rail, and aerial facilities.
Mitigating Actions • Water purification and sewage treatment plants and
• Securing stocks of critical commodities from theft or distribution systems.
pillage. • Public safety and emergency management facilities
• Supporting border security and customs enforcement. and equipment.
• Identifying and mitigating black market activities dealing in • Telecommunications production and transmission
critical commodities. facilities.
• Securing stockpiles of natural resources. • Fuel production and distribution systems.
UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
4-4
CA CORE TASKS: FOREIGN HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE (FHA)
The CA role in FHA is one of support to the commander’s operational function and to the administration of certain aspects of
the FHA operation. FHA operations are inherently complex and require a significant amount of interagency coordination.
FHA is normally directed from the strategic level, coordinated and managed at the
operational level, and conducted at the tactical level.

At the tactical level the CA Team must understand the following:

• Even in permissive environments, nonthreatening means such as demonstrations may be used to impair credibility or
reduce the effectiveness of U.S. military activities.
• HN authorities or combatants may use FHA and disaster relief as a tool for political gain.
• Military commanders at the immediate scene of a foreign disaster are authorized to conduct prompt relief operations
when time is of the essence.
• Measures to ensure continuity of operations, troop survival, and the rehabilitation of essential military bases take
precedence over military support of local communities.

Pre-mission Planning Mission Execution Assessments

• Review guidance from higher • Establish a CMOC to coordinate and • Maintain awareness of security
headquarters (HQ) regarding synchronize interagency and environment.
support to FHA activities in- multinational HA efforts in the • Assess, monitor, and report in the
theater. tactical area. tactical area for:
• Integrate Military Information • Update and maintain a database of • The impact of history and
Support Operations and civil FHA sources, relief missions, and infrastructure on FHA activities.
information campaigns to inform issues in the tactical area. • The impact of FHA activities on the
the civilians and to encourage • Execute FHA operations according future of the infrastructure.
popular support of humanitarian to coordinated plans and guidance • The impact of the populace on FHA
efforts. from higher HQ. activities.
• Plan to employ sufficient combat • Execute operational plans for • The impact of FHA activities on the
and combat support forces to immediate mitigation of political, populace.
safeguard the populace, defend economic, legal, social, and military • The effectiveness of FHA activities.
the perimeter, escort convoys, issues associated with FHA activities • Record expenditures for all FHA
screen the local populace, and activities associated with the
assist in personnel recovery operation.
operations
• Establish close ties with the
disaster assistance response
team (DART) from USAID and the
HA community operating in the
AO.

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
4-5
CA CORE TASKS: FOREIGN HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE (FHA) Cont.
Comparison of Sphere Project and United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for
Refugees Standards and Indicators (ATP 3-57.20, Fig. 5-5)
TOPIC AREA ISSUE SPHERE UNHCR

WATER
Quantity 15 liters per person per day 15 liters per person per day, absolute
minimum for short-term survival is 7
liters per day
Taps provide flow rate of at least
0.125 liters per second
At least on water point per 250 people At least one tap per 80-100 refugees
Systems/Delivery and no more than 200 refugees per
hand pump or per well with one rope
and bucket

No more than 10 fecal coliforms per 1 to 10 fecal coliforms per 100

100 milliliters at point of delivery milliliters
For piped systems, residual-free Residual-free chlorine at tap is 0.2-0.5
chlorine at tap is 0.2-0.5 milligrams milligrams per liter at distribution
Quality
per liter and turbidity is less than 5
nephelometric turbidity units (NTUs)
Dissolved solids no more than 1,000
milligrams per liter

HYGIENE-SANITATION
250 grams of soap per person per
Soap
month
Laundry 1 washing basin per 100 people

Maximum 20 people per toilet 1st option: 1 latrine per family; 2nd
Toilets/Latrines option: 1 per 20 persons; 3rd option: 1
per 100 persons or defecation field
Refuse Bins 100 containers at 1 per 10 families 100 containers at 1 per 50 families

CAMP SITE PLANNING

45 square meters per person 30 square meters per person
Gross Area (inclusive of all uses except agriculture (inclusive of all uses except agriculture
or garden) or garden space)
Maximum distance between shelter Maximum distance between shelter
Dimentions/Distances
and toilets is 50 meters and toilets is 50 meters

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
4-6
TOPIC AREA ISSUE SPHERE UNHCR

CAMP SITE PLANNING (cont.)

Firebreaks 2 meters between shelters, 6 meters 30 meters per every 300 meters of
between clusters of shelters, 15 built-up area
meters between blocks of clusters
Latrines farther than 30 meters from
ground water sources and 1.5 meters
Distance between Wells/Springs and above water table
Latrines Maximum distance from shelter to No dwelling should be farther than
water supply is 500 meters 100 meters or a few minutes’ walk
from distribution points
3 meters above high water table

Elevation/Drainage 2 to 4 per gradient (ideal) and not

more than 7 percent without
extensive site engineering

SHELTER
3.5 to 4.5 square meters covered area 3.5 meters covered area per person in
per person tropical climates
Shelter Area
4.5 to 5.5 square meters covered area
per person in cold or urban situations
4 meters x 6 meters sheet per 4 meters x 5 meters reinforced plastic
Plastic Sheeting for Temporary Shelter household of 5 people (to meet tarpaulins in sheets with aluminum
UNHCR material specifications) eyelets all four sides

FOOD/NUTRITION
2,100 kilocalories per day initial 2,100 kilocalories per day (initial
planning figure to be modified based planning figure)
Calories
on thorough demographic analysis of
population
10 to 12 percent total energy from 10 to 12 percent total energy from
Makeup protein 17 percent total energy from protein 17 percent total energy from
fat fat

HEALTH
1 per 10,000 per day CMR Normal rate 0.3/10,000 to
among settled 0.5/10,000/day
Excessive Mortality population
0.5/10,000 to
1/10,000/day
1 per 10,000 per day CMR Emergency >1/10,000/day
programs in
serious trouble

CMR Emergency out >2/10,000/day

of control

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO Major >5/10,000/day

catastrophe
4-7
TOPIC AREA ISSUE SPHERE UNHCR

HEALTH (cont.)
2 per 10,000 per day under 5 CMR Normal rate 1/10,000/day
among settled
population

Emergency <2/10,000/day
program under
control
U5MR
Emergency >2/10,000/day
Program in
serious trouble

Emergency out >4/10,000/day

of control
95 percent of all children 6 months to UNHCR advocates the immunization
12 years of all children from 6 months up to 12
or even 15 years (rather than the
more usual 5 years) because of the
increased risk from the living
conditions in refugee emergencies.
Measles Vaccination Coverage
Measles vaccine need equal 140 As an emergency indicator, any
percent of target group (15 percent reported cases of 10 percent or more
waste, 25 percent stockpile) unimmunized among ages 6 months
to 5 years

1 home visitor for each 500 to 1,000 Approximate staffing levels for
population refugee health and sanitation services
for a population of 10 to 20,000:
1 traditional birth attendant for each • Community health workers: 10-20
2,000 • Traditional birth attendant: 6-10
• Public Health Nurse: 1
1 supervisor for each 10 home visitors • Clinic nurse midwives: 3-4
Medical Staff • Doctor/medical assistants: 1-3
1 senior supervisor • Pharmacy attendant: 1
• Laboratory technician: 1
1 peripheral health facility for each • Dressers/assistants: 10
10,000 population • Sanitarians: 2-4
• Sanitation assistants: 20
1 central health facility for each
10,000 population

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
4-8
TOPIC AREA ISSUE SPHERE UNHCR

NONFOOD ITEMS (Domestic Needs)

2 vessels 10 to 20 liters for collecting, Ability to transport 10 liters and ability
Water Containers plus 1 x 20 liter vessel for water to store 20 liters per 5-person
storage, narrow necks and covers household
• 1 cooking pot with lid
• 1 basin
• 1 kitchen knife
Eating Utensils • 2 wooden spoons
• 1 plate per person
• 1 spoon per person
• 1 mug per person

PROTECTION AND SECURITY

Location 50 kilometers from threat (border) A reasonable distance

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
4-9
CA CORE TASKS: NATION ASSSISTANCE (NA)
JP 3-0 defines nation assistance as assistance rendered to a nation by foreign forces within that nation’s territory based on
agreements mutually concluded between nations. NA programs include, Security Assistance (SA), Foreign Internal Defense
(FID), other 10 USC programs, and activities performed on a reimbursable basis by Federal agencies or intergovernmental
organizations (IGO). CA, the U.S. military, and the United States Government (USG) provide support in NA operations.
Collectively, all the instruments of U.S. national power provide NA to promote HN growth, legitimacy, and protection from
subversion, lawlessness, and insurgency, as well as for humanitarian needs to minimize the effects of catastrophic events or
aid in life-saving conditions.

CA elements use Unity of Effort (whole of Government Approach: Diplomacy, Development, Defense) to meet the following
objectives:
• Promote regional stability THE USG’s Primary Enablers
• Retain U.S. influence and access abroad • Financial –.CA elements apply targeted methodology in
• Defuse crises sponsoring and conducting CAO when supporting the HN and
• Help friends and allies attain sustainable development USG objectives on a micro level. This promotes legitimacy
and enhances HN relations with its people when integrated
with USG influence activities.
Other Agencies Commonly involved in NA • Intelligence – CAO play a major role in providing information
• US Agency for International Development (USAID) that leads toward a more clearly developed Common
• US Dept of Agriculture (USDA) Operating Picture (COP).
• Department of Transportation (DOT) • Law Enforcement – CA forces provide assistance by:
• Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) 1. Identifying local law enforcement projects and
• Department of Commerce (DOC) programs to enhance the effectiveness of local
police operations.
Foreign Internal Defense 2. Supporting ongoing international military
FID involves participation by civilian and military agencies of a education and training (IMET) programs and
government in any of the action programs taken by another foreign military sales (FMS) training.
government or other designated organization to free and protect 3. Providing civil defense and human rights seminars
its society from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency. and other in conjunction with HN law enforcement officials.
threats to its security. 4. Training HN law enforcement personnel, when
required.
Security Assistance
SA is a group of programs authorized by the Foreign Assistance
Act (FAA) of 1961, the Arms Export Control Act, or other related
U.S. statutes. The USG provides defense articles and services,
military training, and other defense-related services to foreign
countries by grant, loan, credit, or cash sales in furtherance of
U.S. national policies and objectives (for example, FMS).

At the time when the United States provides SA to a HN, a

principal concern is the HN’s ability to plan and manage its
defense resources by and for itself. The DOS continuously
supervises and directs all SA programs. The Secretary of Defense
(SecDef) is the administrator of programs, such as mobile training
teams and other forms of mobile training assistance. The broad
objectives of Army SA are to:
• Aid deterrence.
• Promote regional stability.
• Help to assure U.S. access to vital overseas military facilities.
• Lessen unilateral U.S. military requirements.
• Enhance weapon standardization or interoperability.

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
4-10
CA CORE TASKS: SUPPORT TO CIVIL ADMINISTRATION (SCA)
SCA are military operations that help stabilize or to continue the operations of the governing body or civil structure of a
foreign country, whether by assisting an established government or by establishing military authority over an occupied
population.

SCA occurs most often in stability. Some SCA manifests in the other CAP areas of PRC, FHA, and NA. SCA operations consist
of the following two distinct mission activities:
• Civil administration in a friendly territory: The geographic combatant command’s (GCC) support to governments of
friendly territories during peacetime, disasters, or war. Examples of support include advising friendly authorities and
performing specific functions within limits of the authority and liability established by international treaties and
agreements.
• Civil administration in occupied territory: The establishment of a temporary government, as directed by the SecDef, to
exercise executive, legislative, and judicial authority over the populace of a territory that US forces have taken from an
enemy by force of arms until an indigenous civil government can be established.

CA Soldier tasks in SCA

• Identifying, validating, or evaluating FN/HN essential service infrastructure
• Assessing the needs of the IPI in terms of the six CA functional areas
• Monitoring and anticipating future requirements of the IPI in terms of the six CA functional areas
• Performing liaison functions between military and civilian agencies
• Coordinating and synchronizing collaborative interagency or multinational SCA operations
• Participating in the execution of selected SCA operations as needed or directed
• Performing quality control assessments of SCA operations and costs
• Assisting in the arbitration of problems arising from the execution of SCA operations
• Coordinating and synchronizing transition of SCA operations from military to indigenous government
or international transitional government control
• Initiating or refining CIM process with geospatial projects that depict affected populations and civil
vulnerabilities

The Six CA functional areas

1. Rule of Law
2. Economic Stability
3. Governance
4. Public Health and Welfare
5. Infrastructure
6. Public Education

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
4-11
SECTION V. MISSION PREPARATION
Pre Combat Checks and Pre Combat Inspection Checklists
Standard Combat Patrol PCC Checklist (Conventional Environment)
Team: Company: Mission DTG:
Every Soldier
# Item Go No Go
1 Army Combat uniform
2 Cotton T-shirt, cotton underwear (optional), cotton/wool socks
3 Identification card and ID tags
4 Military driver's license endorsed for vehicle Soldier will drive
ACH with cover, name (right-front), battle roster (right side) and blood type (left-front) sewn
5
on band
6 Nomex gloves (flame retardant)
7 Ballistic eyewear with shaded and clear lenses
8 Hearing protection
9 Watch
10 IOTV with enhanced small arms protective inserts; collar, throat, and crotch protector
11 Required smart cards (Medical evacuation [MEDEVAC], IED/UXO report)
12 CamelBak, canteens, or both
13 Individual first aid kit (IFAK) with filled out DA Form 1156 (casualty feeder card) inside
14 Flashlight
15 Notebook with pen, pencil, or markers
16 MOLLE gear
Night-vision devices (maintained, tied-down):
17 PVS 14
PEQ 15
Clean and functional individual weapon and optics with spare batteries
Sights :
PAS 13
18
ACOG
M68
Other

Ammunition and magazines: basic load on hand, ammunition clean and dry, and magazines
clean and free of dents. First round is tracer for escalation of Force.
Basic Load Required Rounds Actual
M9 45
M16/M4 210
M14 80
19
M203 36 HE
M249 1000
M240 900
M2 500
Shotgun 50

Other
20 Protective mask (and inserts if applicable) available in vehicle

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
5-1
Pre Combat Checks and Pre Combat Inspection Checklists (cont.)
Every Combat Vehicle
# Item Go No Go
Preventive maintenance checks and services, current DA Form 5988-E (Equipment Maintenance and
1
Inspection Worksheet), claims form, and technical manual
Loaded IAW load plan (high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle [HMMWV]), all BII, and fuel topped
2
off
3 1 case of water, full 5-gallon fuel can, Class III unit basic load
4 3-day supply of meals, ready-to-eat
Combat lifesaver (CLS) bag -- 2 per section. Check intravenous bag inspiration date. Warrior Aid and
5
Litter Kit (if available)
6 Warning triangles
7 Box of AA batteries
EOF kit, consisting of:
Stop sign paddle
Searchlight
8
Laser Pointer
Pressurized air horn
Handheld bullhorn
Vehicle fratricide markings:
Glint tape
9
U.S. flag
Infrared (IR) chemlight
Remains recovery kit:
2 remains bags
Surgical gloves
10
Large and small Ziploc bags
Sharpie permanent marker to mark bags
Sketch paper
11 Vehicle recovery equipment (tow straps/bars/shackles)
Crew-served weapons check:
Basic load of ammunition on hand, clean and serviceable, stowed
Weapons clean and serviceable, function checks performed
12
Extra batteries for optics
Cleaning materials available
Weapon properly mounted/installed
13 5 boxes of chemlights (at least 1 red and 1 IR)
14 1 roll of 550 cord
15 Bolt cutters
16 Burn kits
17 Fire extinguisher fully charged
18 Windows, lights, and turn signals clean
19 Side-view mirrors clean and adjusted
20 Antennae secured, pull down line attached
21 Combat locks operational
22 Seat belts operational
23 9-line MEDEVAC cards posted
24 Turret rotates freely and locks
25 Gunner restraint harness operational
26 Cooler with ice and water
27 Gatorade packets
28 Two extra sets of eyewear
29 Five extra sets of earplugs
UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
5-2
Pre Combat Checks and Pre Combat Inspection Checklists (cont.)
Team Leaders and Vehicle Commanders
# Item Go No Go
1 Map with alcohol pens and current operations overlay
2 Leader smart book, operations order (OPORD)/fragmentary order
3 Handheld Interagency Identity Detection Equipment (HIIDE); digital or video camera
4 Pen/pencil and notebook
5 Binoculars (1 per vehicle)
6 Compass and DAGR with extra battery, tied down (dismounted) and/or Foretrex
7 Mission packet
8 Dismount radios (2ea) with extra battery
Radio Telephone Operator (CANCO)
# Item Go No Go
1 Map with alcohol pens and current operations and mine overlay
2 Protractor
3 Electrical tape
4 2 extra batteries
5 4 large garbage bags
6 Manpack radio (complete) with long whip and field expedient antenna kit
7 Automated net control device (ANCD or SKL) with fill cables
8 2 handsets
9 MEDEVAC card
Mission Pre-combat Inspections
# Item Go No Go
1 Radio checks with net control station (ensure proper frequencies)
2 Class I, II, III, IV, V drawn and on hand
3 Functions check on all the team's weapons
4 Medical Specialist’s Aide Bag fully stocked
5 Team has at least one interpreter
6 Team has at least one HIIDE trained person
7 Team has rehearsed actions on contact and danger areas
8 Special teams identified and rehearsed
9 Functions check on DAGRs, NVDs, BFTs, and digital cameras
Mission Knowledge
# Item Go No Go
1 Mission and intent two levels up
2 Unit mission, operational concept, and subunit task/purpose
3 Reporting requirements briefed
4 Primary/alternate routes, rally points, and checkpoints briefed
5 Review casualty evacuation (CASEVAC) plan
6 Current weapons status posture, ROE, and graduated response backbrief
7 Interactive safety brief (risks associated w/ weather, contact, driving, etc.)
8 Information collection plan and appropriate assessment formats on hand
9 Review information operations theme and collection priorities
10 Review known UXO and minefields
11 Review 9-line MEDEVAC and UXO report

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
5-3
Pre Combat Checks and Pre Combat Inspection Checklists (cont.)
Mine/IED Marking Kit
# Item Go No Go
1 1 roll engineer tape
2 10 mine signs
3 10 mine markers IAW SOP (Wolf tails)
5 1 roll of orange survey tape per section
Hasty Landing Zone Marking Kit
# Item Go No Go
1 10 each chemlights (IR, green, blue)
2 2 VS-17 panels and IR strobe
3 Stakes/tent pegs
4 Rubber bands
Deliberate Assessment Kit
# Item Go No Go
1 Measuring Tape (50’) or digital
2 2 x digital cameras
3 2 x Garmin GPS (Foretrex)
4 Applicable Assessment format and documents
5 2 x Iridium Phones fully charged
6 Emergency Contact list for US Embassy and adjacent units
7 Maps with overlays
8 Alcohol pens
9 2 x SATCOM capable radios with antennas/cables
10 Flashlights/headlamps (1 per soldier)
11 Note books (All weather) (1 per soldier)
18 BOLO list and HIIDE system

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
5-4
SIGNAL (COMMUNICATIONS)

VEHICLE RADIO CHANNEL PRESETS

CHANNEL/CUE SETTING - Radio channel presets FREQ

Top Radio (Team)

Channel 1 Team
Channel 2 Attached Element
Channel 3 CMOC (Company)
Channel 4 TF Command
Channel 5 Combined Arms Net
Channel 6 Dustoff (MEDEVAC)
Bottom Radio (company)
Channel 1 Attached Element
Channel 2 Team
Channel 3 CMOC
Channel 4 TF Command
Channel 5 BDE Command
Channel 6 Dustoff (MEDEVAC)
Dismount Radio
Same presets as Team radio

COMMUNICATIONS/SPECIAL EQUIPMENT BY TEAM MEMBER

TL TM CANCO MS
SGT

AN/PRC 148 AN/PRC 148 AN/PSC-5 HN Cell

IRIDIUM 9555 IRIDIUM 9555 HN Cell Camera
HN Cell HN Cell TOUGHBOOK Garmin Foretrex
TOUGHBOOK Garmin Foretrex SKL
Camera DAGR
Garmin Foretrex Camera
Dismount Kit (SOTM)

COMMO P.A.C.E. PLAN

PRIMARY: FM (if available)
ALTERNATE: SATCOM or FBCB2
CONTINGENCY: SAT PHONE
EMERGENCY: CELL or Runner
UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
5-5
Rehearsals
Patrols often overlook rehearsals. The list below is not all inclusive. If time is not available to rehearse every
contingency, prioritize and rehearse the most important drills. Ensure that attachments participate in rehearsals. Conduct an
AAR at the completion of each rehearsal and continue rehearsals until the patrol has met the standards. Rehearse the
following:

I. Rollover drill
II. Fire drill
III. Movement techniques
IV. Actions-on-contact drills
V. Air-ground interaction drills
VI. Actions when HIIDE device shows a “hit”
VII. Improvised explosive device (IED) detection drill
VIII. Vehicle-borne IED drill
IX. Ambush
X. Crew evacuation drill
XI. Drive-by shooting drill
XII. Vehicle recovery drill
XIII. CASEVAC drill

Escalation of Force (EOF)

EOF is the graduated use of force that allows Soldiers to neutralize a threat using less-than-lethal means instead of
engaging a target with deadly force. A great deal of collateral damage has occurred in situations where EOF measures could
have been used. To minimize accidental shootings of innocent bystanders, all Soldiers should understand their options when
responding to a threat.

Rules of Engagement (ROE) Principles

I. You always have the inherent right to self-defense
II. If the situation allows for it, graduated force measures are methods to confront a threat w/o using deadly force
III. You do not have to go through every step of graduated force measures. If deadly force is necessary, use deadly force
immediately
“RAMP” Rules
When facing a potential threat, exercise initiative as well as restraint. Any weapons fire must be disciplined, aimed, and
effective in achieving self-defense. When encountering a potential threat, return fire with aimed fire and return force with
force; anticipate attack; use force first if, but only if, clear indicators of hostile intent exist; measure the amount of force that
you use, if time and circumstances permit; and protect only human life and designated property with deadly force.
Remember RAMP:

R – Return fire. If you have been fired upon or otherwise attacked, you may do what you must do to protect yourself. This is
the right to self defense, which is never denied.
A – Anticipate attack. Self defense is not limited to returning fire. Soldiers do not have to receive the first shot before using
force to protect themselves and other lives. However, do not use anticipatory force on a mere hunch.
M – Measure your force. If you have time to choose your method, you must do so. Shout, Show, Shove, Shoot, Shoot.
P – Protect with deadly force. You must defend more than your own personal safety, but you may use deadly force only in
limited circumstances. The commander may designate certain facilities be protected with deadly force.

If circumstances permit, use the following EOF measures as a guide:

I. Shout verbal warnings. Tell person(s) in their language to disperse, stay away, or halt.
II. Show visual warnings. Use signs in correct language that clearly display warnings, desired actions, and consequences of
disobedience.
III. Show hand and arm gestures; use air horn or bullhorn; use green laser pointer to gain drivers’ attention .
IV. Show your weapons and demonstrate your intent to use them (or use spotlight at night)
V. Shove or physically restrain, block access, or detain.
VI. Strike to incapacitate or disable the threat. Use pepper spray or riot stick, if authorized.
VII. Shoot less-than-lethal rounds (if available).
VIII. Shoot warning shot with smallest caliber, single-shot weapon (M4, M14, M9, shotgun) to the side or directly in front of
threat (w/o endangering bystanders if possible)*
IX. Shoot to injure or disable (engine block or tires)*
X. Shoot to eliminate threat (deadly force) *Varies by Theater. Always default to theater specific ROE.

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
5-6
Escalation of Force
150m

5-7
UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
LETHALITY
50m
DISTANCES (METT-TC DEPENDENT)

Must have PID of hostile force. Must be hostile intent/act unless otherwise declared hostile force. Riot
control agent (CS, pepper spray, etc.) is prohibited unless otherwise specifically authorized by
commander
SECTION VI. FORMATIONS & MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES
Mounted Formations
The Team will generally execute mounted tactical
movement as part of a larger formation. As such, it is
essential that all team members understand the different
types of mounted formations and when they are used.

I. Column formation
I. The column is used when:
I. Speed is critical
II. The element is moving through
restricted terrain on a specific
route
III. Enemy contact is unlikely
II. Each vehicle normally follows directly behind
the vehicle in front of it
III. If the situation dictates, vehicles can
disperse laterally to enhance security
IV. The column formation has the following
characteristics, advantages, and limitations:
I. Provides excellent control and fires
to the flanks
II. Permits only limited fires to the
front and rear
III. Easy to control
IV. Provides extremely limited overall
security
V. Normally used for travelling only

II. Staggered Column formation

I. The column is used when:
I. Speed is critical
II. The element is moving through
restricted terrain on a specific
route
III. Enemy contact is possible
II. Every other vehicle is offset
III. If the situation dictates, vehicles can
disperse laterally to enhance security
IV. The staggered column formation has the
following characteristics, advantages, and
limitations:
I. Provides excellent control and fires
to the flanks
II. Permits only limited fires to the
front and rear
III. Easy to control, more difficult
IV. Offers better dispersion of vehicles
V. Provides extremely limited overall
security
VI. Normally used for travelling only

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
6-1
Mounted Formations (cont.)
III. Coil Formation
I. The coil is used when:
I. The platoon is stationary for 20
minutes, terrain permitting
II. Security is paramount
III. Occupying assembly areas or
providing security in conjunction
with (ICW) another unit
II. Elements use the coil formation for hasty
protective posture
.

IV. Herringbone Formation

I. Elements use the herringbone to disperse
when traveling in column formation
I. Used during air attacks or when the
column/staggered column must
stop during movement
II. Enables vehicles to quickly disperse
to covered and concealed positions
off of the road or from an open
area
III. Drivers reposition vehicles as
needed to take advantage of the
best cover, concealment, and fields
of fire
IV. Crew members execute 5/10/25
battle drill and establish security
II. The herringbone is quickly executed to
provide security with minimal instruction
III. Mounted elements will instinctively execute
the herringbone when halting for more than
1 min.

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
6-2
Mounted Formations (cont.)

V. Wedge formation
I. The wedge is used when:
I. The element is moving in open or
rolling terrain
II. The element is provided with
overwatch by another element
III. Enemy contact is possible to the
front
II. Firepower can be maximized towards the
flank from where the element commander
expects that contact is most likely
III. The wedge formation has the following
characteristics, advantages, and limitations:
I. Provides excellent firepower to the
front and good firepower to the
flanks
II. More difficult to control
III. Slower
.

VI. Vee formation

I. The Vee is used when:
I. Terrain restricts movement
II. Overwatch within the element is
required
II. The vee formation has the following
characteristics, advantages, and limitations:
I. Provides excellent protection and
control
II. Limits fires to the front
III. Easy to control
IV. Allows overwatch within the
platoon

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
6-3
Mounted Formations (cont.)
VII. Echelon left/right formation
I. The wedge is used when: Echelon Right
I. The flank of the element or larger
force needs screened
II. Enemy contact anticipated from
flank
II. The echelon formation has the following
characteristics, advantages, and limitations:
I. Provides excellent firepower front
and to left or right flank
II. Somewhat difficult to control
III. Slower
IV. Should only be used when opposite
flank is supported by adjacent unit
.

VIII. Line formation

I. The line is used when:
I. Maximum firepower is needed
forward
II. Imminent enemy contact from
front
III. When the element crosses danger
areas and is provided overwatch by
another element
IV. When the element assaults enemy
positions
II. The line formation has the following
characteristics, advantages, and limitations:
I. Provides excellent firepower to the
front
II. Limited fire to flanks, none to rear
III. Difficult to control

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
6-4
Mounted Movement Techniques
Movement techniques are not fixed formations. They
refer to the distances between soldiers, teams, and sections
that vary based on METT-TC and other factors affecting
control. As the probability of enemy contact increases, the
TL or Ground Force Commander (GFC) adjusts the movement
technique to maximize security and minimize reaction time
to any threat.

I. Travelling Mounted
I. Travelling mounted is used when:
I. Speed is critical
II. Enemy contact is unlikely
II. Due to increased speed leaders must be
aware of increased possibility of breaks in
contact.

II. Travelling Overwatch Mounted

I. Travelling over watch is used when:
I. Enemy contact is possible
II. GFC designates security element (SE) to
move forward of mainbody (MB)
III. MB follows SE to rear to provide overwatch
I. Distance between SE and MB will
increase/decrease based on
enemy/friendly situational
information and/or terrain and
visibility restrictions.
IV. Leaders track movement of forward SE
ensuring that:
I. Break in contact does not occur
II. SE is on azimuth
III. SE does not exceed range of
supporting direct fires
I. ½ max effective range of
MB primary weapon
system
V. If a break in contact occurs:
I. Leader or detached element uses
GPS aids to reestablish contact with
MB.
II. IR or thermal can be utilized to
regain contact and link detached
element back to MB.

. // FOUO
UNCLASSIFIED
6-5
Mounted Movement Techniques (cont.)
III. Bounding Overwatch Mounted
I. Bounding overwatch is used when:
I. Enemy contact is imminent
II. Elements will bound using successive bounds (aka leapfrogging)
I. Leader determines and disseminates location of next bound site
(covered/concealed/good fields of fire)
III. Bounding element ideally remains within visual distance of overwatch
element
I. Bound not to exceed ½ the max effective range of overwatch
element’s primary weapon system
II. Utilize cover and concealment to reach next bound location
III. Bounding element signals set and established once at bound
location
I. Utilize voice comm. Or visual signal
I. IR signal

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
6-6
Dismounted Formations
Dismounted formations and movement techniques are extremely similar, if not identical, to mounted formations. The
reasons for using them, and their strengths and weaknesses are the same. Hand and arm signals are the same. Dismounted
movement will usually be conducted in conjunction with vehicle assets. The team will usually conduct dismounted
movement as part of a larger element (possibly anything ranging from an ODA to an Infantry Rifle Company). It is imperative
that all team members understand dismounted movement formations and techniques in order to seamlessly integrate with
these units. The Team will be determined to be either capable and knowledgeable or inept and a liability based off of our
understanding and execution of fundamental tactics.

Comparison of Primary Dismounted Formations

MOVEMENT WHEN MOST CHARACTERISTICS

FORMATION OFTEN USED FIRE CAPABILITIES AND
CONTROL FLEXIBILITY SECURITY
RESTRICTIONS
Allows large volume of fire
Aids maneuver good
The main squad to the flanks but only
Squad Column Good dispersion laterally and in All-round
formation limited volume to the
depth
front
Good to the
For maximum Limited maneuver Allows maximum
Not as good as front, little to
Squad Line firepower to the capability (both fire teams immediate fire to the
squad column the flank and
front committed) front
rear
Close terrain,
Allows immediate fire to
dense vegetation, Most difficult formation to
Squad File Easiest the flanks, masks most fire Least
limited visibility maneuver from
to the front and rear
conditions

I. Squad Column formation

I. Most common formation when moving
across varied terrain
II. The column formation has the following
characteristics, advantages, and limitations:
I. Good dispersion both laterally and
in depth
II. Good control
III. Lead fire team is base fire team
I. Allows flexibility in reacting to
enemy response w/o committing
both fire teams PL
.

Squad column, fire teams in wedge

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
6-7
Dismounted Formations (cont.)

I. Squad Line formation

I. Provides maximum firepower to the front
II. The column formation has the following
characteristics, advantages, and limitations:
I. Good firepower to front
II. Poor firepower to rear and flanks
III. Decent control
III. Right fire team is base fire team
IV. Utilized when conducting attack by fire or
when establishing support by fire

PL
Squad line, fire teams in wedge

I. Squad File formation

I. Provides maximum firepower to the flanks
II. Good for extremely restrictive terrain, dense
vegetation, low visibility
III. The file formation has the following
characteristics, advantages, and limitations:
I. Good firepower to flanks
II. Poor firepower to front and rear
III. Excellent control

.
PL

Squad file, fire teams file

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
6-8
PRIMARY TEAM FORMATIONS
The following table illustrates the primary formations that will be used by a four person CA Team when
moving entirely dismounted. The Box will be our primary formation. The diamond will be secondary.

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
6-9
PRIMARY TEAM FORMATIONS
The following diagrams illustrate where personnel will generally fall within the Team’s primary formations
when moving entirely dismounted.

BOX FORMATION DIAMOND FORMATION

(PRIMARY) (ALTERNATE)

TL
TL CANCO
M4/M9
M4/M9 M4/M203

MS CANCO
M4 M4/M203

MS TMSGT TMSGT
M4 M4/M9 M4/M9

• Distance between team members will be • Distance between team members will be
METT-TC dependent (but generally METT-TC dependent (but generally
between 5-10 m) between 5-10 m)
• Upon contact the two personnel on the • TMSGT will place CANCO on the side
side (left, right, front, rear) that is taking that she feels there is a greater threat
contact will form a buddy team. The • Upon contact TL/CANCO will move as a
remaining two team members will buddy team and the TMSGT/MS will
become the other buddy team. move as a buddy team.

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
6-10
SECTION VII: BATTLE DRILLS
CROSSING A LINEAR DANGER AREA (LDA)
The following diagrams depicts how the team will cross LDA’s while moving dismounted. The same crossing
technique can be utilized in an urban environment.

2
TL CANCO
1. TL uses hand/arm signal for LDA
2. Team halts 50-75m from LDA and conducts
SLLS:
– Stop
– Look
– Listen
– Smell
3. Once SLLS complete (after as long as is 1
required for TL to feel crossing is safe), the
TMSGT
TL and CANCO move to edge of the LDA and
establish near-side security facing left (TL) MS
and right (CANCO) down the road.
4. Once set TL announces “Set” to TMSGT
5. TMSGT and MS move rapidly across the LDA
and establish far side security opposite the
TL and CANCO (1).
6. Once set the TMSGT announces “Set” TL CANCO
7. The TL and CANCO rapidly get up and move
across the LDA (2)
8. Team resumes Box formation, gets
accountability of SI and personnel and
continues movement.

MS TMSGT

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
7-1
ACTIONS ON CONTACT: BREAK CONTACT (Dismounted)
The following depicts how the Team will break contact when faced by a superior force. The Team will use
this as the primary course of action in the event of almost any type of any enemy contact. If the team does
not have numerical superiority (3:1) then the team will break contact. If the team receives fire from one
individual with either a crew served weapon, or sniper fire, or RPG, the team will break contact. In the event
the team is taking contact from one individual who is farther than 200m away, the team will break contact.

In the event the team receives contact while partially dismounted the element on the ground will bound
back to the vehicle, remount, and the team will break contact.
STEPS:
1.
2.
The Team receives small arms fire and immediately takes cover
Simultaneously, Team member(s) who identified source of fire YELL
1
the 3 D’s:
– Distance
– Direction
– Description
3. TL Sends Contact Report
4. TL assesses the threat and makes the decision (based off of criteria
above) to break contact. Yells, “Break Contact. Bound Back TL CANCO
Right/Left.”
5. The contact side of the box formation will immediately become the
suppressing element. Contact side will throw smoke to obscure MS TMSGT
movement of non-contact side. The non-contact side will bound
back and offset to the side directed by the TL in order to get clear
fields of fire on the enemy.
6. Once the bounding element is set and firing on the enemy, they will
yell “Set.” However, their firing is sufficient signal for the initial TMSGT
MS
suppression team to bound straight back.
7. Once they are set and firing they will announce “Set.” And the
team as a whole will continue to execute alternate bounds by
buddy team back/away from the enemy until out of contact.
8. Team reconsolidates and reorganizes
9. TL sends SITREP (SALTY)
2
10. In the event of a casualty:
1. Corresponding battle buddy will drag the casualty to the TL CANCO
rear while the remaining two team members provide
covering fire.
2. Once the casualty has been pulled to the first covered and
concealed position their partner will begin to administer
hasty TCCC (tourniquet), the remaining two team
members will execute individual alternating bounds back
online with the casualty and his/her battle buddy. (At this MS TMSGT
point the team member administering TCCC can switch out
and let another team member drag next if required)
3. Once online they will continue to suppress the enemy
while the dragger drags the casualty to the next covered
and concealed position.
4. The team will continue to execute alternating bounds like
this, switching out the dragger as required, until out of
contact. TL CANCO
5. Once out of contact the team will continue to stabilize the
casualty, call for MEDEVAC, and establish an HLZ.
UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
7-2
ACTIONS ON CONTACT: REACT TO INDIRECT FIRE (Mounted/Dismounted)

React to Indirect (Dismounted) React to Indirect (Mounted)

1. All team members will immediately take 1. Gunner will immediately take cover
cover (prone) (drop down within vehicle)
2. TL will send CONTACT report 1. Any team members outside of
3. All team members will wait for impact of vehicle will immediately take
rounds (2-3 seconds) cover
4. TL will yell distance and direction (no 2. TL will send CONTACT report
less than 300m) to move out of 3. Any dismounted team members will wait
impact/engagement area for impact of rounds (2-3 seconds) and
5. All team members will get up and run then immediately move to remount
directed distance and direction vehicle
6. While initiating movement TL and 4. TL will yell distance and direction (no
TMSGT will get visual accountability of less than 500m) to move out of
personnel and ensure that all personnel impact/engagement area
are up and moving 5. Driver (MS) expedites movement as
1. In the event of a casualty directed out of impact/engagement area
corresponding battle buddy as soon as all team members have
(TL/CANCO or TMSGT/MS) will remounted the vehicle.
buddy carry their partner while 1. In the event of a casualty
the remaining two team corresponding battle buddy
members provide security (TL/CANCO or TMSGT/MS) will
7. Once all team members reach the rally buddy carry / drag their partner
point they will take a knee and face out. back to the vehicle
8. TMSGT will collect LACE report 2. MS (or other available team
(Liquid/Ammo/Casualties/Equipment) member) will immediately begin
9. HLZ will be established as soon as team TCCC on casualties inside
reaches rally point in the event of a vehicle
casualty requiring MEDEVAC 3. TL will immediately prepare and
10. Once reconsolidation and reorganization send 9-Line as soon as vehicle
is complete TL will send SITREP begins movement to rally point
11. Team will continue movement 6. Once vehicle reaches the rally point the
TMSGT will collect LACE report
(Liquid/Ammo/Casualties/Equipment)
7. HLZ will be established as soon as team
reaches rally point in the event of a
casualty requiring MEDEVAC. Send
adjusted grid as required.
8. Once reconsolidation and reorganization
is complete TL will send SITREP
9. Team will continue movement

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO

7-3
TEAM ATTACK (MODIFIED SQUAD ATTACK)
In the event that the team is engaged by a single individual (and in accordance with the conditions listed
under Break Contact) the TL may make the decision to attack the individual. However, this course of action
will never be the first course of action and would only be applied in extraordinarily rare cases.

STEPS:
1. The Team receives small arms fire and immediately takes cover IN THE EVENT OF A CASUALTY PRIOR TO THE ASSAULT
2. Simultaneously, Team member(s) who identified source of fire TEAM INITIATING THE ASSAULT THE TEAM WILL BREAK
YELL the 3 D’s: CONTACT:
– Distance 1. Corresponding battle buddy will drag the casualty to
– Direction the rear while the remaining two team members
– Description provide covering fire.
3. TL Sends Contact Report 2. Once the casualty has been pulled to the first
4. TL assesses the threat and makes the decision (based off of covered and concealed position their partner will
dis/engagement criteria listed under the Break Contact begin to administer hasty TCCC (tourniquet), the
section) to execute team attack. Yells, “FLANK LEFT/RIGHT.” remaining two team members will execute
5. The contact side of the box formation will immediately become individual alternating bounds back online with the
the support by fire (SBF). The non-contact side will bound back casualty and his/her battle buddy. (At this point the
and around the flank as directed by the TL. They will move team member administering TCCC can switch out
rapidly using cover and/or concealment to get around the and let another team member drag next if required)
enemy’s flank without being observed. 3. Once online they will continue to suppress the
6. Once the assault element is set they will report set via FM. enemy while the dragger drags the casualty to the
After reporting they will begin the assault. The assault team next covered and concealed position.
members will bound as they approach the objective. As the 4. The team will continue to execute alternating
assault team begins to approach within 15 degrees of the line bounds like this, switching out the dragger as
of fire of the support by fire element they will call “Shift fire” required, until out of contact.
over FM. 5. Once out of contact the team will continue to
– Alternate signal will be yelled “Shift Fire” stabilize the casualty, call for MEDEVAC, and
– Contingency will be three long whistle blasts establish an HLZ.
7. The SBF will shift fire 45 degrees away from the assault
element. IF A CASUALTY OCCURS AFTER THE ASSAULT HAS BEGUN
8. As the assault element comes perpendicular to the SBF THE TEAM WILL FINISH THE ASSAULT AND SECURE THE
elements line the assault leader will announce “Lift Fire” via AREA AND THEN TAKE APPROPRIATE ACTION.
FM.
– Alternate signal will be yelled “Lift Fire”
– Contingency will be rapid whistle blasts for three SPECIAL TEAMS
seconds PRIMARY AID/LITTER: TMSGT/MS
9. SBF will cease firing while the assault element assaults through
the objective. As the assault element reaches the end of the
ALTERNATE AID/LITTER: TL/CANCO
SBF line they will call limit of advance “LOA” over FM (ALT:
Verbal). PRIMARY EPW/SEARCH: TL/CANCO
10. The SBF element will get up and assault through the objective
until they reach the last man of the Assault Element. At this ALTERNATE EPW/SEARCH: TMSGT/MS
point the TMSGT will get accountability of all
personnel/equipment and receive LACE reports. TL Sends
SITREP.
11. The team will move to establish 360 security around the fallen
enemy combatant and Primary Search TM will conduct a hasty
search of the remains. Primary Aid/Litter will administer aide
as required. Team will be prepare to resume movement in 3
min.
12. Team continues mission and TL sends SALUTE report for
destroyed enemy to higher. UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
7-4
TEAM ATTACK (MODIFIED SQUAD ATTACK) Cont.
The following is a graphical depiction of the modified squad attack under ideal conditions

1 MS

TMSGT

SHIFT
LOA

LIFT

TL CANCO

Modified Squad Attack MS TMSGT

(from initial contact
through Assault element
reaching the LOA)

2 3
TL CANCO

MS
KIA TL CANCO
TMSGT KIA

MS TMSGT

TL CANCO Team establishes security around enemy

KIA. Keeping 10-15m away. Primary
SBF element bounds search team (TL/CANCO) search the
through the OBJ. Team casualty. Primary Aid/Litter (MS/TMSGT)
conducts LACE reports treat as required. Continue movement
and sends SITREP. within 3 minutes.

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
7-5
REACT TO NEAR AMBUSH (DISMOUNTED)
The following diagram depicts how the team will react to a near ambush (OPTION A). If the team is
ambushed by an element further than 75m the team will immediately break contact.

1. Enemy initiates ambush

2. OPTION A (If enemy is less than 75m):
The team will immediately take cover. 3
D’s called out. TL sends contact report. 1
Non contact side will begin to low crawl
on line with contact side. Contact side
team members will throw fragmentation TL
grenades at the enemy line and
announce “Frag Out.”
3. After the detonation of both grenades TL CANCO
team members will assault through the
enemy line by buddy team.
4. Once through the enemy line the team
will break contact away from the enemy MS TMSGT
element.
5. OPTION B (If casualties are taken
and/or enemy is further than 75m):
Break contact using smoke IAW SOP.
MS
6. Once team has broken contact with the
enemy element the team will execute a
Enemy initiates ambush <75m.
short halt. TMSGT will receive LACE
Breaking contact is not feasible.
report. TL will send up SITREP
Contact side throws fragmentation
7. Team resumes Box formation and
grenades at enemy line while
continues movement.
noncontact side crawls on line.

2
TL
TL

CANCO
CANCO

TMSGT TMSGT

MS Team assaults through the

MS enemy ambush line and
immediately begins to
break contact away (as
per SOP) once through.
UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
7-6
ACTIONS ON CONTACT: React to IEDs and SVBIEDs
React to Possible Static IED While Mounted
1. CONFIRM the presence of the suspected IED:
a. Alert vehicle commander and other patrol members of the possible IED/vehicle-borne IED
and its location using the "3 D's." Immediately focus outward and look for a triggerman,
cameraman, or observer.
b. If stopping the vehicle puts it within the estimated casualty radius, the driver should speed up
and move to a tactically safe position at least 300m from danger area (METT-TC dependent).
c. If it is possible to stop the vehicle before getting within the estimated casualty radius, the
driver should immediately back away and move to a tactically safe position at least 300m from
danger area (METT-TC dependent).
d. Look for signs if enemy activity such as an impending ambush, triggerman, cameraman, or
sniper.
2. CLEAR the area:
a. Immediately establish a secure perimeter. Remain mindful of a possible secondary
device/ambush/sniper attack.
b. Conduct 5, 10, and 25- meter checks to ensure no secondary devices are present (adjust
distances as METT-TC dictates).
c. Engage any triggerman as per ROE.
d. Clear the area of all civilians and Soldiers, airspace included.
e. Request HN military police / national police support.
3. CALL higher headquarters:
a. Do not use radio communications equipment within 300m of suspected IED.
b. Gather as much information as possible:
(1) What does the object look like?
(2) Where is the device ?
(3) Who first identified the object?
c. Inform higher headquarters using the IED/UXO report
d. Notify EOD or supporting element’s engineer/demo assets
4. CORDON the area:
a. Establish near and far side security if bypass is not possible
b. Conduct 5/10/25’s at far side security positions
c. Utilize HN security forces and/or adjacent units to effectively
cordon the area in order to continue mission as soon as possible
5. CONTROL the area:
a. Only permit access to authorized personnel.
b. EOD will conduct analysis/diagnostics.
c. Remote reconnaissance/disruption by EOD.
6. If mission allows, interview the local populace to gain information on enemy activity.

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
7-7
ACTIONS ON CONTACT: React to IEDs and SVBIEDs (cont.)

React to Possible Suicide Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device (SVBIED) Approaching Unit
Perimeter
1. CONFIRM the presense of the suspected SVBIED
a. Alert unit of possible SVBIED approaching. Immediately focus outward and look for
triggerman, cameraman, or observer.
b. Signal the approaching vehicle to stop as it passes clearly marked trigger lines by using signs,
flares, green lasers, spotlights, or other clearly visible means.
c. If vehicle does not stop, employ audible escalation of force (EOF) measures (air horns, sirens,
traffic whistles, vehicle horns, or other clearly audible means).
d. If vehicle does not stop, point your weapon at the vehicle and demonstrate intent to use it.
e. If vehicle does not stop, fire aimed shots at engine block and then the driver (IAW Laws of
War) until the vehicle stops.
f. Look for signs of enemy activity, such as impending ambush, triggerman, cameraman, or
sniper.
2. CLEAR the area:
a. Immediately establish a secure perimeter. Remain mindful of a possible secondary
SVBIED/impending ambush/sniper attack.
b. Minimum safe distance for exposed personnel is 450m.
c. Clear the area of all civilians and Soldiers, airspace included.
d. Request local MP/NP support.
3. CALL higher headquarters:
a. Do not use radio communications equipment within 300m of suspected IED.
b. Gather as much information as possible:
(1) What does the object look like?
(2) Where is the device?
(3) Who first identified the object?
c. Inform higher headquarters using the IED/UXO report.
d. Notify EOD.
4. CORDON the area:
a. Establish near and far side security if possible to maneuver elements around to the far side.
If not safe or practical, maintain observation of far side and attempt to warn off civilian traffic
with audible/visual cues (hand/arm waving, horn honking, light flashing). Notify inbound
military traffic with FM or FBCB2.
b. Utilize HN security forces and/or adjacent units to effectively cordon the area in order to
continue mission as soon as possible
5. CONTROL the area:
a. Only permit access to authorized personnel.
b. EOD will conduct analysis/diagnostics.
6. If mission allows, interview the local populace to gain intelligence on enemy activity.
Always remember -- EOF reaction time depends upon the speed of the approaching vehicle. Soldiers
must be ready to skip through the steps in the EOF measures by immediately opening fire on the vehicle
or driver if the situation requires.
Remember -- always contact EOD. Do not attempt to disarm an IEDs yourself. Ever.

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
7-8
ACTIONS ON CONTACT: React to IEDs and SVBIEDs (cont.)

React to an IED Attack (and/or Complex Ambush) While Mounted and Able to Continue
Movement
1. CONTACT
a. Report IED attack and/or small arms fire (up to and including RPG) to other patrol
members using the "3 D's" (distance, direction, and description)
b. Send contact report to higher
c. Look for triggerman, cameraman, or observer
d. All gunners maintain sectors of fire and suppress any enemy fire (complex ambush)
while maintaining movement.
2. DO NOT STOP! Immediately continue movement out of kill zone:
a. Gunners engage/suppress any enemy small arms fire, while maintaining sectors,
and conduct hand-off of targets via FM as targets leave assigned sector
b. TC's report crew and vehicle statuses to GFC/Convoy Commander
b. Determine status of ammunition and casualties
c. Dismounts begin TCCC on any wounded personnel while vehicles continue
movement
3. Treat and medically evacuate wounded:
a. Submit MEDEVAC request at the first indication of a serious casualty. Do not wait
until the patrol reaches the rally point.
b. Send best grid for pickup zone (PZ) approximately 1.5 K in direction of travel away
from Kill Zone. Adjust the grid later if necessary. Just get the 9-Line up.
4. Send SITREP to Higher once clear of Kill Zone
5. Continue movement to PZ/Rally Point (1.5K away from IED in direction of travel)
6. Establish HLZ as required
a. Conduct 5/10/25's
7. Reconsolidate/Reorganize
a. TC's send LACE (Liquid, Ammo, Casualties, Equipment[Sensitive Items]) reports to
Convoy Commander
b. Convoy Commander sends SITREP to higher
8. Continue Mission or RTB as capable/directed

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
7-9
ACTIONS ON CONTACT: React to IEDs and SVBIEDs (cont.)
React to an IED Attack (and/or Complex Ambush) While Being Forced to Stop
1. Quick and lethal counterattack:
a. Report IED attack to other patrol members using the "3 D's" (distance, direction, and description)
b. Send contact report to higher
c. Look for signs of enemy activity such as impending ambush, triggerman, cameraman, or sniper
2. Disabled vehicle personnel
a. Immediately assess status of crew, vehicle, and communications
b. Gunner maintains sector of fire and suppresses enemy fire
c. Reestablish communications with other patrol members and report status. If communications are
completely disabled Gunner uses red smoke to signal casualties on board. Uses hand/army signals to indicate
number of casualties to vehicle immediately to rear.
d, Crew immediately begins TCCC on any casualties within vehicle, stabilize and prepare for MEDEVAC
d. DO NOT exit the vehicle unless the vehicle is on fire. If the vehicle is on fire exit non-contact side and seek
cover.
3. Fully mission capable vehicles
a. Maintain sectors of fire and suppress any enemy fire
b. Maintain formation around disabled vehicle. Convoy commander adjusts sectors to account for disabled
vehicle as required and maintains 360 degree security
c. Use attack aviation and/or indirect fires if available to suppress/destroy enemy.
d. Vehicle to the rear of the disabled vehicle visually clears around the disabled vehicle for any secondary
devices.
e. All other crew visually clear (5/10/25) around vehicles and report up
b. If enemy has fire superiority attempt to push damaged vehicle out of kill zone otherwise defeat the threat
prior to attempting any recovery of personnel/vehicle(s)
4. Assault and destroy any enemy resistance using fire and maneuver
a. Gun trucks that have the enemy within their sector will become support by fire and continue to suppress
enemy. Other gun trucks will maintain their sectors of fire!
c. Convoy commander will order dismounts to prepare to assault and declare flanking direction over FM.
Dismounts will exit vehicles on the non-contact side and move rapidly to corresponding flank using vehicles
as cover. Assault enemy position from the flank
d. Assault element reports shift/lift/cease fires via FM IAW standard squad attack procedures.
e. At the limit of advance , once the threat is defeated, the Assault leader receives LACE reports from assault
team, conducts reconsolidation and reorganization and all personnel move back to their vehicles.
5. Determine status of ammunition and casualties
6. Establish HLZ away from impact site, adjust security as required
7. Concurrently, dismounts conduct thorough (5/10/25s) and clear the area for secondary IEDs
8. Aid and Litter Teams Recover, treat, and move casualties to HLZ for MEDEVAC
a. Submit request for MEDEVAC as soon as there is an indication of a serious casualty. Do not wait until
contact has ended.
b. Recover wounded from disabled vehicle(s) once threat is defeated continue to stabilize
c. Utilize mine roller to clear around disabled vehicle(s) if available prior to aid and litter team’s approach
9. Recover vehicles if possible. If not, remove SI and secure the vehicle until recovery assets arrive
a. Be thorough in description of disabled vehicle(s) to higher headquarters so that appropriate recovery
assets can be allocated
10. Keep higher informed; utilize SITREPs and IED SPOTREP
11. If mission allows, interview the local populace to gain intelligence on enemy activity
12. If mission allows, use HIIDE to enroll enemy casualties while preparing them for treatment
13. If mission allows, use HIIDE to enroll all enemy KIA

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
7-10
ACTIONS ON CONTACT: Graphical depiction of Assault
IMPORTANT: Dismounting and
assaulting an enemy position while under
fire should be your last COA. Even if
enemy fire is sporadic and inaccurate it
could always be a decoy and/or an
attempt to draw your element into further
ambush and/or anti-personnel IED’s or
mines. Use tactical patience and any
resources at your disposal to defeat the
enemy threat (i.e vehicle mounted crew-
serve weapons, Attack Aviation, CAS,
armed ISR, indirect fires) prior to putting
troops on the ground (and out of up-
armored vehicles).
5

LOA
3 4

2
2

In the event that a vehicle is disabled,

crew-served weapons are not able to
destroy enemy threat, and there are no
aviation/fires assets available:
1) Gun trucks assume herringbone
around disabled vehicle and
suppress enemy
2) Dismounts will exit non-contact side
of vehicles
3) Use vehicles for cover and move
tactically to flanking side (in this
depiction the left flank)
4) Assault element gets on line and
UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO assaults enemy position
1) Shift/lift/cease fires
5) Destroy enemy. Reach LOA
7-11 6) Reconsolidate and reorganize
ACTIONS ON CONTACT: React to Suicide Bomber
React to Suicide Bomber
1. Identify Indicators of Suicide Bomber
a. Deliberately ignoring orders to stop or attempting to circumvent checkpoint.
b. Wearing too much clothing for prevailing weather conditions.
c. Suspicious bulges in clothing, carrying packages/bags, wearing satchels/backpacks.
d. Observation of handling wires, switches, an actuator, or a "dead man's" switch.
2. React and defend
a. Issue evacuation orders immediately. Safe distance will depend on mass explosive and
amount of anticipated fragmentation.
b. DO NOT attempt to "close and negotiate." Suicide bombers are trained to avoid surrender
at all costs.
c. A "fail safe" cell phone or radio controlled initiator could be used in the event that the
bomber is incapacitated or hesitates. This tactic would involve a second suspect with a line-of-
sight (LOS) view of the bomber.
d. Utilize deadly force IAW EOF/ROE; consider collateral damage (civilians, infrastructure,
businesses); fire from protective cover. Bullet impact may detonate explosive.
e. If suspect is neutralized w/o explosion, DO NOT ADMINISTER FIRST AID. Wait for EOD to
render the explosive safe.
NOTES: If the charges are effectively packaged and concealed, a suicide bomber could carry up to 45 lbs
of explosives. Most suicide attacks involve SVBIEDs. However, there is an increasing trend for suicide
bombers to attack with an explosive vest, belt, or baggage.

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
7-12
Close Quarter Combat (CQC) / Room Clearing Fundamentals

4 Man Team (Center Fed Room)

Points of Domination and
Sectors of Fire

4 Man Team (Center Fed Room) Fundamentals of Close Quarter Combat (CQC)
I. Eliminate the threat – Accomplished through use of
accurate fires and violence of action. Train to always
continue engaging the target until it goes down.
II. Dominate the room – Move only to points that will
allow control of the room by proper interlocking fields
of fire (Points of Domination)
III. Never move faster than you can engage targets –
reinforced through CQM training
IV. Stay out of the middle of the room
V. Control the situation and personnel – This is done by
ensuring that no one resists or maintains the means to
resist. Clear, loud orders are essential. You must
physically and psychologically dominate.
VI. Establish Security – This is done from points of
domination.
VII. Cursory search – CQC is a three dimensional fight.
Soldiers must look high and low as well as do a quick
4 Man Team (Corner Fed Room)
visual sweep of his sector.
Points of Domination and VIII. Search the dead – Utilize eye thump technique to
Sectors of Fire ensure that dead are actually dead. Done by thumping
the eyelid and checking for reflexive responses.
IX. Search the Room – The room may or may not need to
be searched to identify personnel or equipment for
extraction. This is dependant upon the mission and
time available.
X. Evacuate the wounded – Only conducted when
needed.
XI. Mark the room according to SOP.

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
7-13
Close Quarter Combat (CQC) / Room Clearing Fundamentals (cont.)

3 Man Team (Corner Fed Room)

3 Man Team (Center Fed Room)

2 Man Team (Corner Fed Room)

2 Man Team (Center Fed Room)

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
7-14
Close Quarter Combat (CQC) / Room Clearing Fundamentals (cont.)

Step 1

Hallway Movement Techniques

Step 2

Step 3
Clearing a T-Intersection
Step 1

Step 2

Step 3
Clearing a Hallway Junction
UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
7-15
Close Quarter Combat (CQC) / Room Clearing Fundamentals (cont.)

3 Man Flow Stairway Clearing Technique

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
7-16
Close Quarter Combat (CQC) / Room Clearing Fundamentals (cont.)

CQC Terminology
Term Explanation

STATUS Signal by leader that requires all memebers to report whether their
sectors are clear and igf they are prepared to continue missions
CLEAR Signal given by individuals to report their sector is clear

UP Signal given by individuals to report they are ready to continue the

mission (weapon loaded, equipment accounted for)
Signal from TL to team members, squad leader, and follow on teams that
ROOM CLEAR
the room is secure and cleared
COMING OUT Signal given by an individual or team that they are about to exit a room
Reply given by security element or follow on team that it is safe to exit a
COME OUT
room
COMING IN Signal given by an individual who is about to enter an occupied room
COME IN Reply given by an occupant of a room stating it is safe to enter
Signal given by an individual or team that is about to ascend or descend
COMING UP
a stairway
Reply given by security element that it is safe to ascend or descend a
COME UP (DOWN)
stairway
Signal given when an individual has been wounded or injured and cannot
MAN DOWN
continue his mission

SHORT ROOM Signal given by either the number 1 man or the number 2 man to
indicate a small room , and that all team members should not enter
Command given by any soldier, when an enemy grenade has been
GRENADE thrown or a friendly grenade has bounced back at the team. All soldiers
take immediate actions (e.g. clear kill radius if possible, go prone)
FRAG OUT Signal given when a friendly grenade or flashbang is thrown
A command given by one member of the team to tell another team
GO LONG member to take up security farther into the room or father down a
hallway
A signal given when an individual's weapon has malfunctioned and is
RED
being corrected
A signal given when an individual has corrected a malfunction and/or
HOT
reloaded and is ready for action
Signal given when an individual is reloading any weapon system. This
COLD
signal is follows by “HOT" when ready.

NOTE: Verbal commands should be given loud enough to be heard by appropriate

friendly forces. The use of loud verbal commands, however, may reveal the location
and immediate intent of friendly forces. Although code words may be substituted they
can still be heard and used by enemy forces if friendly forces use them regularly and
loudly.

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
7-17
SECTION VIII. VEHICLE CREW DRILLS
Mounting, Bailout & Down Driver/Gunner)
DRIVER DOWN (NON-TACTICAL VEHICLE):
MOUNTING THE VEHICLE(S)
1)First team member to identify yells “Driver Down!”
1) Mount vehicle from non-contact side
2)TC will gain positive control of the steering wheel to maintain the
2) Two personnel should never be mounting the vehicle(s)
vehicle’s direction of travel away from the kill zone and/or enemy.
at the same time
3)TC will step on the gas pedal to maintain speed or to increase the
3) Driver(s) Mount first
speed of the vehicle .
4) All others use available cover and concealment (non-
4)TC will continue forward movement until the element reaches
contact side) to effectively return fire
safe location or designated rally point (METT-TC).
5) Once vehicle starts driver honks horn to indicate “set”
5)If vehicle stalls or rolls to a halt TC will place vehicle in neutral and
6) TC’s mount
rear vehicle will move into position to push vehicle with down
7) Personnel continue to return fire out of windows if clear
driver away from kill zone.
fields of fire are available
(NOTE: If the down driver’s right foot was stuck on the gas pedal, TC
BAILOUT PLAN
will step on the driver’s right foot or pull the driver’s right foot by
1) In the event the vehicle is inoperable and can no longer
grabbing the leg of the driver to un-mount the driver’s right foot
be safely used for cover the senior surviving team
from the gas pedal)
member makes decision to bail out.
2) All crew members exit non-contact side
DRIVER DOWN (TACTICAL VEHICLE):
3) Secure Go Bag (contents below)
1)First team member to identify yells “Driver Down!”
1) 6 x Mags 5.56 NATO
2)TC will immediately move to clear driver from the driver’s seat
2) IR STROBE
(MS will assist)
3) 8 x MRE’s
3)TMSGT (Gunner) will return fire IOT suppress enemy
4) 1 x Gallon H2O
4)Medic will initiate aid for wounded driver as soon as TC has
5) Iridium w/ spare Batteries
cleared him from his seat.
6) AA’s, AAA’s, MBITR Batteries
5)TC will drive the vehicle forward out of the kill zone and continue
7) Compass
movement until the element reaches safe location or designated
8) NVG’s x 1 extra set
rally point (METT-TC).
9) 4 x IR and 4 x Red Chem-lites
6)Element executes CASEVAC/MEDEVAC procedures as applicable
10) 1 x Fragmentation Grenade
11) 1 x Smoke Grenade (any color)
12) 100’ x 550 Cord
13) Blood Chit GUNNER DOWN (TACTICAL VEHICLE):
4) Implement destruction plan (Commo/BFT) prior to 1) First team member to identify yells “Gunner Down!”
leaving vehicle (Thermite) 2) MS places their weapon on safe (if firing).
5) Take or disable CS weapon (remove bolt) 3) MS moves to the gunner’s location and removes the gunners
6) Break contact away from vehicle if feasible harness.
4) MS pulls the gunner down from the vehicle’s turret and
simultaneously the TC assumes the gunner position.
5) Medic conducts immediate aid to down gunner.

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO

8-1
VEHICLE DRILLS (Crew Sectors)

CREW SECTORS OF FIRE (M1151A1)

CREW SECTORS OF FIRE (2xNTV’s) WHEN MOVING ALONE

CANCO TL
12 o’clock to 12 o’clock to TL (TC)
CANCO (DVR) 12 o’clock to 4
left rear right rear
12 o’clock to 9 o’clock
bumper bumper
o’clock

2 x vehicle
lengths
separation
between MS
vehicles 10 o’clock to
the 7 o’clock

MS TMSGT
Left front Right front
bumper to 6 bumper to 6
TMSGT (Gunner)*
o’clock o’clock
Oriented to rear and
covering approximately
from the 3 o’clock to
the 8 o’clock

*Gunner (TMSGT) will adjust

sector of fire to orient on the
direction of the greatest
perceived threat if vehicle is
moving alone.
UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO

8-2
VEHICLE DRILLS (Hasty Recovery: 40 Second Drill)

Tow strap is stored as shown with excess secured with zip tie on rear hatch. Front of tow strap secured to bumper with shackle.
Recovery vehicle pulls up to left side of disabled vehicle. Gunners adjust sectors to provide 360 degree coverage. Driver of disabled
vehicle ensures the transfer case is in Neutral (N) and that the parking brake is off.

2 3

Dismount moves to front of vehicle. Disconnects front of tow

strap and secures to tow point on front bumper of disabled Recovery vehicle proceeds forward and slowly takes slack out of
vehicle. Ensures that tow strap will not tangle on vehicles once tow strap. Tow strap unwinds until fully deployed. Once
deployed. . Driver of disabled vehicle ensures the transmission deployed recovery vehicle can continue forward movement at up
and transfer case is in Neutral (N) and that the parking brake is to 30mph. Once vehicles reach safe area transition to tow bar.
off. Dismount rapidly remounts. Vehicles can be towed for up to 50mi.

Tow strap must be capable of

towing greater than 16,100
lbs (M1151A1, payload and
Correct towbar set-up with safety chain is
crew) always the preferred method of recovery if time
and tactical situation permits.
UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO

8-3
Actions at Short Halts

ACTIONS AT SHORT HALT (MOUNTED)

I. Report location and situation.
II. Conduct 5/10/25 scan prior to dismounting
III. Dismount local security.
IV. Conduct a 50 meter IED sweep of the each security personnel’s position
V. Maintain 360 security in vehicles, and remain at prescribed Force Protection level.
VI. Conduct During Operations PMCS.
VII. Keep TCs in patrol/convoy informed of current situation.
VIII. Assign sectors.
IX. Report SALT Report to CO and TF Command Posts.
X. Determine and disseminate purpose and length of halt.
XI. Issue FRAGOs as situation develops.
XII. Move from area and seek bypass if reason for halt is not within your element (ex IED Cordon, Disabled Vehicle from other
unit, etc.).
XIII. IMPORTANT: Ensure bypass can support your mission/commander’s intent and the types of vehicles in your convoy
XIV. Conduct two-minute drills

ACTIONS AT SHORT HALT (DISMOUNTED)

I. Report SALT Report to CO and TF Command Posts.
II. Maintain 360 security, seek cover if available and remain at prescribed Force Protection level
III. Conduct a 50 meter IED sweep of the each security personnel’s position
IV. Point man secures forward in direction of travel
V. Left flank secures to left
VI. Right flank secures to right
VII. Two rear soldiers turn around and secure rear
VIII. Take a knee (if longer than fifteen seconds, assume prone position if in open)
IX. Keep TLs in patrol informed of current situation.
X. Assign sectors.
XI. Report SALT Report to CO and TF Command Posts.
XII. Determine and disseminate purpose and length of halt.
XIII. Issue FRAGOs as situation develops.
XIV. Move from area and seek bypass if reason for halt is not within your element (ex IED Cordon, Disabled Vehicle from other
unit, etc.).

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
8-4
Vehicle Load Plan
NOTE: All items in vehicle will be secured (tied down) at all times in order to mitigate casualties due to debris in the
event of a roll-over or IED event. Vehicle will be kept free of trash, cleaned, and serviceable at all times. No exceptions.

Item # Description

1 Fire Extinguisher

2 1st Aid Kit

3 Jack Kit

4 Warning Triangles

5 HLZ Marking Kit

1
6 Ammo (M240B)

7 Aid Bag
2
6 8 Go Bag
3/4
7 9 Tow Bar
5 8 10 Water Can
9 11 Fuel Can

12 Team Box (BII)

10 13 Tow Strap (Ext.)
11
14 Spare Tire

12 13

14

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
8-5
SECTION IX. FORCE PROTECTION
TEAM HOUSE SELECTION / DEVELOPMENT (PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS)
The selection, establishment, and defense of a suitable Team House (Tactical Facility, TACFAC) is critical to the successful
execution of CAO in an area of operations. A proper team house with adequate defensive planning and sufficient active
and passive countermeasures greatly increases a team’s chances of survivability in the event of an attack. Team house
development is conducted in three phases (Initial, Temporary, Permanent) but the Team may fall in on a preexisting
facility in any of the three phases identified below (IAW FM 3-05.230 SF Tactical Facilities).
Planning Considerations: Urban Tactical Facilities
• Is the AO permissive, uncertain, or hostile? • Almost always based on pre-existing structures
• Are the facilities located in urban or rural settings? • Possibly pre-existing water, sewage, and electrical
• Are the facilities logistically sustainable? systems
• Are HN defense, security, and protection present and/or • Proximity to surrounding buildings and population
adequate? concentration could facilitate enemy intelligence
• Are there established casualty and emergency evacuation plans collection efforts and/or actions against the CAT.
(and/or evasion plans of action)? • Urban Threats
• Are there future plans to close, convert, or abandon the – Snipers
facility? – VBIEDs
• Are the facilities part of a larger operation with yet unspecified – Intelligence Collection
strategic plan? – Drive-by shootings
• Are there Special Forces Operational Detachments (SFODs) – Civil Disturbances
and/or Military Information Support Operations (MISO) – Criminal Elements
missions in the AO? – Coordinated Attacks
• What are the funding and sustainment requirements?

INITIAL TEMPORARY PERMANENT

• 24/7 Security • Perimeter fence • Brick and mortar wall
• Fighting Positions • Rooftop security • IR security cameras
Security and Protection • Defense Plan • Motion sensitive lights • Safe Room
• EPA • HN security
• Bottled Water • Local Pumps • Indoor Plumbing
Water • Water Purification Kits • ROWPU

• Batteries • 20 kW generator • 200 kW generator

Electricity • Solar Panels • Local grid
• 5kW Generator

Administration, • SATCOM on the move • Conference Room • VTC capability

Planning, and • Iridium • Classroom • Internet
• Cellphone • Fixed high-gain SATCOM
Reporting
• Burn Pit • Local Disposal (OPFUNDs) • Sanitary and secure
Trash landfill
• Incinerator
• MS Medical Bag • Medical Dispensary • HN
Medical • HLZ

• Portable Toilets • Septic Tank • Local sewage treatment

Sewage • Slit Trench plant

• Existing Structure • Structural improvements • Hardened structures

Shelter (abandoned or leased) (masonry or concrete)

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
9-1
TEAM HOUSE SELECTION & DEFENSE (PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS)
The defensive plan of the team house should be finalized as soon as the team occupies the facility. As with any defense
the team should always be seeking ways to improve their position and rehearse actions on contact regularly.

Select a Defensible Position (Strongpoint): Defensive Planning Considerations (OAKOC)

• Security – the team should establish 360 degrees of coverage • Observation/Fields of Fire – Attempt to acquire a
from direct observation and/or video surveillance team house that has two stories (and s higher that
– Narrow windows that offer good observation and surrounding structures) for better observation/fields
fields of fire of fire). Comprehensive house fires plan with
– Create Loopholes if necessary to cover alternate interlocking sectors of fire, TRPs, Sector Sketches (on
avenues of approach and/or dead space/blind spots DA 5517-R posted at each fighting position),
• Protection – choose a team house that offers protection from primary/alternate fighting positions, building
enemy direct/indirect fires as well as offers better chances of numbering overlay (GRG), integrated joint fires plan.
survivability in the event of a VBIED • Avenues of Approach – Develop quick egress routes
– Concrete reinforced structures and/or brick structures while keeping team house off of high speed avenues
(most common in the European Command AOR) of approach (VBIED).
– Reinforce walls/ceilings and place overhead cover • Key Terrain – The team house should dominate the
(sandbags) on roof and around fighting positions if surrounding area if possible and allow observation
possible and control through direct fires of nearby structures
– Building set back from main road preferably with and/or avenues of approach
stone wall around compound (Inner and outer • Obstacles – Emplace obstacles (fences, walls, wire,
perimeters if possible) tangle foot, and furniture) that will disrupt or block
• Concealment – choose a team house with an enclosed garage enemy offensive action. Ensure all obstacles can be
or secured area for vehicles. Conceal antennas and cables by observed and that the team can engage enemies held
intermixing them with existing civilian systems. Or find a up by these obstacles with direct fire/indirect fires,
suitable window that the SATCOM antenna can be oriented out and/or air assets.
of. Conceal video surveillance systems and improvements such • Cover and Concealment – As discussed to the left.
as sandbags so that the team house does not overtly appear to
be a Strongpoint (unless that is the desired effect).
• Covered Routes – Teams should incorporate primary and Minimum Thickness (in inches) Required for
alternate battle positions within the team house as well as Protection Against Enemy Fire
covered/concealed routes between these positions.
Additionally, Teams should incorporate covered/concealed 7.62 mm small 76 mm AT Rifle
routes into their fire evacuation and EPA in the event caliber and/or at 100yds
emergency egress is required. Machine Gun
• Fire Hazards – Possibly the greatest threat due to the Fire at 100yds
numerous improvised incendiary devices that can be created Brick Masonry
by insurgent elements (i.e. Molotov cocktail). Avoid using a 18 24
team house constructed of wood and remove items that are
fire hazards (ammunition boxes, curtains, rugs, Concrete
6 12
newspapers/magazines, etc.) Ensure that fire fighting (Reinforced)
equipment is located on all floors and near every fighting Concrete (Not
position (fire extinguisher and 1 x 5 Gallon bucket of sand). 12 18
Reinforced)
Placing 1-2 in of sand on the roof (if flat) and/or in the attic will
retard combustibility and slow the spread of fire. Be able to NOTE (RPG-7): The RPG-7 will easily penetrate these
shut off gas to the building in the event of an attack. In the materials (up to 30” of concrete). However,
European Command AOR heating oil is commonly used in countermeasures (chicken wire and or metal slats) can
houses (with large storage tanks in the basement) Attempt to be emplaced over or inside windows that can cause
get a house with electrical heating instead. Also store the projectile to detonate before its shaped charge
ammunition in an interior room with reinforced walls (concrete passes into the structure and detonates thus reducing
if possible). damage to some extent.

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9-2
FORCE PROTECTION PLANNING AND ANALYSIS
CA Soldiers are most effective working in small units that interact with a wide variety of agencies (civilian and military).
This interaction implies a degree of risk higher than the risks encountered by conventional forces. The risks, however, can
be mitigated by a thorough analysis of the environment as it relates to mission requirements and by a strict adherence to
resultant FP measures. The FP requirements of the supported command may prove to be less than optimal for the CAT
mission. It may, for example, be culturally inappropriate and counterproductive for CA Soldiers in full combat attire to
conduct liaison with local officials. In such cases the senior CA officer should coordinate with the supported commander
to formulate plans that lead to mission success while allowing for cultural sensitivities.

The CAT planning FP operations follow basic security planning steps and principles. The following steps and principles
apply whether planning at the individual or team level or the supported force level:

1. Conduct a threat assessment

2. Conduct a vulnerability assessment
3. Determine appropriate countermeasures
4. Implement countermeasures
5. Evaluate the effectiveness of the countermeasures

These steps and principles also apply to CATs conducting mobile operations or operating from a fixed site. The CATs focus
not only on terrorist threats, but on all threats.

THREAT COUNTERMEASURE MATRIX

Threat ID Threat Definition Threat Level Countermeasure

Civil Areas

Mitigation-Travel according to supported

unit FP guidelines (2-man rule, 2-vehicle
rule). Maintain situational awareness,
weapons security, and radio contact with
base unit. Identify patterns and methods
History of criminal of operation
Criminal enclave violence against High
Response-Follow mission ROE. Notify base
passers-through
unit. Identify characteristics, personalities,
and methods used by hostiles.
Recovery-Return to base. Report any
compromised information or equipment.
Debrief. Refine policies as necessary.

Structures

Mitigation-Identify HAZMAT areas and

Hazardous
pertinent safety precautions. Monitor
Chemical processes on chemicals may Low-
HAZMAT situation. Coordinate with local
adjacent property spill, explode, or Medium
and military HAZMAT managers to identify
pollute the air
response plans and agency capabilities.

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9-3
THREAT SPECIFIC COUNTERMEASURES (CONT.)
Threat ID Threat Definition Threat Level Countermeasure

Structures (continued)

Response-Follow approved response plans.

Hazardous Report all information to base unit.
Chemical processes on chemicals may Recovery-Coordinate planning between
Low-Medium
adjacent property spill, explode, or organizations involved. Review response
pollute the air plans. Refine response plans as necessary.
Assist in upgrading response capabilities.

Capabilities

Mitigation-Identify what provokes the

community to become hostile or to mobilize
the militia. Train the force in how not to
provoke the community. Establish positive
relationship with militia, political, law
enforcement, and other leaders. Engage the
populace with normal CAO. Establish a plan
that includes assistance from local
authorities.
Capability to
Local militia or hostile organize and Response-Follow approved response plans.
Low
community mobilize rapidly Perform as liaison between supported unit
when provoked and local authorities to help diffuse the
situation. Maintain awareness of personal
security situation. Report all information to
base unit.
Recovery-Conduct projects or other
activities to reestablish or enhance a positive
relationship between the force and the
community. Refine response plans as
necessary.

Organizations

Mitigation-Engage the populace with normal

CAO. Travel according to supported unit FP
guidelines (two-man rule, two-vehicle rule).
Maintain situational awareness, weapons
History of IED
security, and radio contact with base unit.
bombings against
Terrorist organization Critical Observe indicators among the populace such
U.S. targets in
as excessive interest in military activities,
region
unexplained or suspicious cancellation of
civilian activities, and unusual movement of
vehicles, materials, or people. Report
observations to appropriate authorities.

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9-4
THREAT SPECIFIC COUNTERMEASURES (CONT.)
Threat ID Threat Definition Threat Level Countermeasure

Organizations (continued)

Response-Take a protective posture according

to unit SOP. Notify base unit. Identify
History of IED characteristics, personalities, and methods
bombings against used by aggressors.
Terrorist organization Critical
U.S. targets in
region Recovery-Assist investigators as liaison
between supported unit and local authorities.
Refine SOPs as necessary.

People

Mitigation-Employ strict physical security,

OPSEC, and personal security measures.
Maintain situational awareness. Keep civilians
no closer than one arm’s distance from
personnel.
Response-Review law enforcement and higher
Penetration of
HQ reporting SOP. Review ROE regarding
military facilities,
apprehension and use of force (EOF).
Thieves vehicles, or personal Medium
space for equipment Recovery-Prosecute thieves according to
or information appropriate law. Publicize incident through
PSYOP and public information assets. Hold
meeting with local authorities or public forum
to discuss the implications of stealing
equipment or information from military forces.
Get commitment from local authorities to
prevent future incidents.
Events
Mitigation-Engage the populace with normal
CAO. Travel according to supported unit FP
guidelines. Maintain situational awareness,
weapons security, and radio contact with base
unit. Observe indicators among populace.
Report observations to appropriate authorities.
History of violence Response-Follow approved response plans.
Planned hostile against U.S. or Perform as liaison between supported unit and
Medium
demonstrations coalition personnel local authorities to help diffuse the situation.
and facilities Maintain awareness of personal security
situation. Report all information to base unit.
Recovery-Conduct projects or other activities
to reestablish or enhance a positive
relationship between the force and the
community. Refine response plans as
necessary.

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9-5
SECTION X. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS
Key Leader Engagements (KLE’S)
The Key Leader Engagement Process consists of three phases:

1) Preparatory phase
2) Execution Phase
3) Follow-up Phase

Preparatory phase
• Try to maximize knowledge of the subject matter and conduct background research
• Always have a mission statement available that should contain an understandable explanation of what CA is and what
your tasks are, in order to make your contact aware of what your role is and what it is not. This also helps to avoid
raising false expectations.
• Review cultural items such as customs, traditions and local idiom and some phrases in the local language to minimize
chances of offending KLE participants
• CA elements should be seen by civil actors as a partner (in most cases) not as an obstacle. Make sure that your verbal
and non-verbal messages are consistent with the characteristics of the situation.
• Prepare and ask questions that promote conversation and discuss them in advance not only internally with the team
but also with the interpreter, so that he can advise on certain issues (culture, customs, etc.)
– Use open-ended questions: “How would you describe the village where you were born?”
– Avoid closed-ended questions: “where were you born?”
• If possible, make appointments (METT-TC dependent). Obviously, an unannounced visit may be the only means of
contacting individuals.
• Use a note-taker (CANCO or MS). The individual conducting the KLE should focus on the answers, non-verbal
communication (facial expression, posture, appearance, voice, tone, eye movement, etc.) of the party being engaged.
• Coordinate and rehearse: Interpreter support, security/FP plan, communications plan, and actions on contact.

Execution Phase
• Set the appropriate atmosphere
– Schedule the meeting at a mutually convenient time
– Allocate sufficient time
– If possible, agree on a quiet location
– Relax and put the KLE participants at ease (METT-TC dependent)
– Take your gear off (METT-TC dependent)
– Provide and/or accept refreshments if possible/if offered
– Explain the purpose of your visit if it is not routine
– Introduce your team
• Conducting the KLE
– Start with small talk
– Try to build a good personal relationship with the KLE participant(s)
– Be confident and familiar with the subject matter
– Maintain and enhance control of the interview by asking open-ended questions
– Avoid questions that can be answered with just yes/no
• Bad: “Is it true that you are suffering from a lack of food, water and electricity?”
• Better: What are your concerns when you think about your village?”

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10-1
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION & INTERACTION (KLE’S)
Execution Phase (cont.)
• Conducting the KLE (cont.)
– Do not confront the interviewee in a manner that challenges his/her integrity.
– Let the KLE participant explain the meaning of unfamiliar items. If necessary, let him spell out names to
make sure you understand correctly.
– Do not interrupt in the middle of an answer. Be polite and attentive.
– Use your active listening skills (listen, reflect, speak).
– Do not be afraid of silence and do not rush into filling the silence with more questions.
– Suggest breaks to allow everybody to relax, especially your interpreter.
– Show appreciation and be prepared to answer questions.
– Finish with small talk if possible. Try to leave a good impression.
– If the KLE counterpart acts in an emotional way, you should deal with the emotions and show empathy
first before getting down to business.
– Acknowledge customs and greetings and show proper respect to dignitaries without acting timidly.
– Use local phrases appropriately or not at all.
– Never compromise operations by inadvertently releasing critical information.
– Do not lie. If your lies catch up with you, you are done. Omit certain truths if necessary or tell the KLE
counterpart up-front that you are not entitled to answer certain questions.
– Do not make promises that you cannot keep. Credibility will be lost.
– Exchange contact information, pictures (if possible), and schedule follow-up meetings if appropriate.

Follow-up Phase
• Debrief all participants, including the persons who waited outside the building or were observing the area.
• Compile information and file appropriate reports/storyboards about the meeting and the outcome. Ensure all
information is reported IAW unit SOP in a timely manner.
• Coordinate with CMOC, adjacent CATs, and supported units ASAP to ensure that information is processed and
disseminated.

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NEGOTIATION PRINCIPLES
Default mindset: am I perceiving the environment and others in context or through my own default mindset?

Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement (BATNA): Course of action if we can’t reach an agreement during negotiations.
No deal should be worse than the BATNA. Important to know ours and that of our partner/opponent. If our BATNA is better
than the offered negotiated solution, it can be useful to disclose that BATNA to pressure for a better solution.

Zone of Possible Agreement (ZOPA): if our BATNA and our partner’s BATNA overlap and share common ground, then we
have a ZOPA

Worst Alternative to Negotiated Agreement (WATNA): if the negotiations fail, what is the worst Course of Action we would
be forced to take?

Separate the people from the problem (direct their attacks at the problem, not at you or the process). Focus on listening
during this step, then explain yourself.

Focus on interests (see what is behind the other person’s position)

Generate options for mutual gain (look for a win-win agreement instead of assuming it is a zero-sum game)

Use objective criteria (recognizable standards and norms to determine which solution is best without involving subjectivity)

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10-3
CAPABILITIES BRIEF TALKING POINTS (AUDIENCE DEPENDANT)
MILITARY:
• Provide access, influence, and information on civilian population, organizations, and infrastructure for U.S. and allied
forces
• Identify, reduce, mitigate and eliminate civil vulnerabilities in order to increase support for US and Host Nation and
prevent/counter the rise of VEOs by eliminating/mitigating underlying causes of instability
• Map the human terrain and civilian component of the area of operations in order to develop a better common
operating picture
• Engage civil component to achieve US objectives for given AO
• Reduce/Mitigate effect of civilians on military operations and vice versa
CIVILIAN:
• Develop partnerships to enable economic development and longevity
• Develop and execute projects and programs to improve stability, mitigate crises, and increase HN capacity to allow for
locally sustainable solutions, enable transition and achieve long-term stability
• Gain access to hostile or unstable areas that are vital to accomplishing objectives
• Assess program effectiveness to monitor development
• Synchronize and coordinate efforts to minimize duplication while ensuring access to resources

KNOW WHO YOU’RE TALKING TO AND WHAT THEIR MISSION AND

LOE ARE (and tailor your comments appropriately)

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10-4
Detaining EPWs and Detainees
The first step in handling EPWs/detainees is to implement the “5 S’s.” The following “5 S’s” imply the legal obligation
each soldier has to treat humanely any individual in the custody of or under the protection of US Soldiers:

• SEARCH – Indicates a thorough search of the person for weapons and documents. You must search and record
the person’s documents and equipment separately. Record the description of weapons, special equipment,
documents, identification cards, and personal effects on capture tag.
• SILENCE – Do not allow detainees to communicate with one another, either verbally or with gestures. Keep an
eye open for potential trouble makers and be prepared to separate them.
• SEGREGATE – Keep civilians and military separate and then further divide them by rank, gender, nationality,
ethnicity, and religion. Segregate HIIDE-positive detainees from other detainees.
• SAFEGUARD – Provide physical security for EPWs/detainees and protect them from direct and indirect fires.
Get EPWs/detainees out of immediate danger and, if they have them, allow them to keep their personal chemical
protective gear and ID cards.
• SPEED – Information is time sensitive. It is very important to move EPWs/detainees to the rear as quickly as
possible. Another thing to consider is that resistance grows with time; as the initial shock of being captured wears
off, EPWs/detainees will begin to think of resistance and escape.

NOTES:
1) Enroll/verify all subjects of tactical questioning with HIIDE.
2) Soldiers who are not trained interrogators will use only direct questioning techniques. Do not use tricks, mind games,
threats, or other means of extracting information beyond direct questions.
3) If you are the first U.S. Soldier to question the EPW/detainee, you MUST complete a DD Form 2745 (EPW Capture Tag).

Tactical Questioning
Your ability to gather initial information that facilitates further detailed questioning by MI assets is extremely
important. The acronym JUMPS provides a guide for the types of questions you need to ask. JUMPS questions can be used
with any person being questioned (civilian or military). Simply modify the questions to fit the situation.

• JOB – What is your job? What do you do? If military, also ask for the individual’s rank.
• UNIT – What is the name of the unit/company you work for? Ask about the chain of command/command
structure. Who is your boss/supervisor? If a civilian, ask the name of the business and employer.
• MISSION– What is your job within your unit/company? What is the mission of your unit/company? What is the
mission of your next higher unit/element? What mission/job were you performing when you were captured/
detained? What is the current mission of your unit? What is the future mission of your unit?
• PIRs (Priority Intelligence Requirements) – Ask questions based on your small unit’s tasking (which is
based on the battalion and brigade PIRs) as briefed before your patrol, TCP, roadblock, etc. Ensure that you ask the
questions during natural conversations so you do not give away your mission or the purpose of these questions.
• SUPPORTING INFORMATION – Any information that does not fit in the categories above is placed here. This
provides a catchall and an initial quality-control check.

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10-5
Tactical Questioning (cont.)
EXAMPLE QUESTIONS
1) What is your name? (Verify this with identification papers, etc., and check the detain/of interest/protect lists.)
2) What is your home address? (Former residence if a displaced person)
3) What is your occupation?
4) Where were you going? (Get specifics)
5) Why are you going there? (Get specifics)
6) What route did you travel to arrive here?
7) What obstacles (or hardships) did you encounter on your way here?
8) What unusual activity did you notice on your way here?
9) What route will you take to get to your final destination?
10) Do you (personally) know anyone who actively opposes the U.S. (or ISAF)? What are their names? Follow this up with
“is there anyone else?” If they know of anyone, ask what anti-U.S. (ISAF) activities they know of, where they happened,
etc.
11) Why do you believe we (U.S./ISAF) are here?
12) What do you think of our (U.S./ISAF) presence here?

NOTE: Ask only basic questions and move noncombatants and EPWs/detainees to a detention facility as quickly as possible.

DO NOTs WHEN QUESTIONING NONCOMBATANTS

DO NOT:
1) Attempt to force or scare information out of detainees; you must comply with the Geneva Conventions.
2) Attempt to recruit someone to go seek out information.
3) Pay money or compensate for information.
4) Visit the same person or people more than once to ask questions.
5) Ask questions of noncombatants in an area where the questioning puts them in danger.
6) Ask leading questions. Leading questions are constructed to require a “yes” or “no” answer rather than a narrative
answer. Leading questions allow the individual to answer with a response he or she thinks you want to hear, not
necessarily the facts. For example, “Is group XYZ responsible?”
7) Ask negative questions. Negative questions contain a negative word in the question itself such as “Didn’t you go to the
warehouse?” (These questions are confusing in English – they do not translate well).
8) Ask compound questions. Compound questions consist of two questions asked at the same time; for example “Where
were you going after work and whom were you to meet there?”
9) Ask vague questions. Vague questions do not have enough information for the person to understand exactly what you
are asking. They may be incomplete, general, or otherwise nonspecific and create doubt in the source’s mind.
10) Ask questions that make your unit’s mission or intelligence requirements obvious.
11) Give comfort items (items beyond necessities) to EPWs/detainees. They are not your guests.

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10-6
SECTION XI. FUNDING
FUNDING/APPROPRIATION
TITLE 10 FUNDING
10 USC 401 Humanitarian Civic Assistance (HCA): Promote US and HN security, improve readiness of US forces, serve basic
humanitarian and social needs of people in HN (well drilling, sanitation facilities, transportation systems, medical, dental,
surgical, veterinary care.
10 USC 402 Denton Program: Fly Humanitarian cargo via space-A.
10 USC 404 Foreign Disaster Assistance (FDA): Transport supplies, logistics support, communication, search and rescue,
medical evacuation, assistance to IDPs, provide Humanitarian Daily Rations (HDRs). Coordinate through DoS/USAID.
10 USC 407 Humanitarian Demining Assistance (HDA): Can’t actually do the demining, just support demining operations.
10 USC 2557 Excess Non-Lethal Property: Furniture, medical/school equipment, clothing, tools, generators, tents, vehicles,
construction equipment, etc.
10 USC 2561 Humanitarian Assistance (HA): Stand-alone projects not in conjunction with operational deployments, activities
include: use contractors for basic construction, renovation of schools and clinics, improve sanitation and water supply,
conduct disaster relief.
OTHER TYPES OF FUNDING
OHDACA (Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster, and Civic Aid funds). Three subcategories:
•Humanitarian Assistance Program (HAP)
•Humanitarian Mine Action Program (HMA)
•Foreign Disaster Relief and Emergency Response (FDR/ER)
MIPR “Military Interdepartmental Purchase Request” – transfer funds between branches
CERP (Commander’s Emergency Response Program): THEATER SPECIFIC (OEF) execute projects resulting in measureable
effects to meet urgent humanitarian needs and COIN objectives, immediately assisting the local populace. Examples include
battle damage repair, civic cleanup, agriculture programs, condolence payments, electricity, education, repair of facilities,
etc.

Bulk CERP is for when funds are advanced and drawn out in cash ahead of time (again, theater specific).

AUTHORITY TO EXECUTE FUNDS

Contracting Officer (KO): KO’s, uniformed and civilian, are professionally trained to negotiate and legally obligate the USG by
means of contracts and purchase agreements. The amount of money a particular KO is authorized to obligate is usually
based on the KO’s formal training, experience, and duty position. A KO’s obligation authority is prescribed in a personal
warrant that describes the types of contracts and funding limitations of the KO’s authority.

Commander-appointed positions to assist in the financial management of the unit’s funds include the:

1) Field Ordering Officer (FOO): The role of the FOO is to assist in the local purchase of supplies and equipment. The FOO
is trained to legally obligate the USG in accordance with acquisition policies and regulations. The limitations of a FOO’s
obligation authority are detailed in the appointment orders that assign the duty. An appointed FOO cannot perform the
duties of a Class A Agent or Pay Agent (PA).
2) Class A or Pay Agent (PA): Agents are appointed to perform specific disbursement duties. PAs are appointed to support
the local procurement process. Class A agents are appointed to provide support to individuals. Agents cannot perform
both duties. The limitations of agents’ authority are detailed in the appointment orders that assign the duty. An
appointed agent cannot perform the duties of a FOO.

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11-1
Project Initiation and Planning
The initiation and planning phase begins by identification of a need or requirement that when clearly defined meets the
criteria for funding and execution. A site visit or deliberate assessment may trigger the requirement. Projects must be
clearly defined in terms of scope, cost, and impact and meet the approval criteria of the command.

The statement of work (SOW) or statement of objectives, which is a detailed narrative statement, defines the scope of a
project. The statement provides prospective contractors the information required to prepare a competitive bid for the
proposed project. Statements must be as detailed as possible to protect the government and the contractor. At a minimum,
statements normally include:

1. A description of the project upon completion.

2. Material specifications.
3. Key contractors manpower requirements to ensure successful completion.
4. Government-furnished items and materials.
5. Contractor-furnished items and materials.
6. The government’s project manager.
7. The government’s Contracting Officer (KO) and Contacting Officer Representative (COR), if required.
8. Overall project timeline.
9. Penalties for failure to meet the project requirements and specifications, if any.

The acceptance of contractor bid documents and the selection of a contractor moves the project into the execution phase.
Depending on the value of the proposed project, management may remain within the unit or be moved to another managing
agency.

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11-2
Project Execution Flowchart
The execution phase begins with the formal funding of the project by an approval authority, proceeds through contract
negotiation and the signing of a work agreement or contract by the government’s and contractor’s representative with
authority. The completed agreement includes, as a minimum, the following:

1. Statement of Work (SOW).

2. Contractor’s proposal.
3. Details of contractor payment. For larger projects (over $10,000) progress payments are normal when the contractor
completes a significant project milestone. Agreements should refrain from “up-front” lump-sum payments.
4. Definition of satisfactory performance.
5. Process for corrective action.
6. Name of the government’s authority to modify the original agreement.

The execution phase concludes with the acceptance of the completed project by the competent authority.

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11-3
EXAMPLE SF44

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11-4
SECTION XII. STANDARDIZED TIE-DOWNS & MARKINGS
Weapons Tie-Downs
M68 (CCO):
1) CCO will be mounted as far forward on rails as possible
2) Use gutted 550 cord and make a figure 8 around the optical cylinder and mounting platform. Secure with an end of line
bowline with overhand. (Burn the end)
3) Run the anchor end to the hand guard and route through the first and second cooling port. Secure with an end of line
bowline with overhand. (Burn the end)

ACOG:
1) ACOG’s will be mounted as far back as possible to the Back-Up Iron Sight (BUIS).
2) Use gutted 550 cord and run through the ACOG mount and secure with an end of the line bowline with overhand. (Burn
the end)
3) Run the anchor end to the hand guard and route through the first and second cooling port. Secure with an end of line
bowline with overhand. (Burn the end)

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12-1
Weapons Tie-Downs (cont.)
PEQ-15:
1) PEQ-15’s will be mounted as far forward on the rail as possible. Ensure no 550 cord is under the ATPIAL when mounting.
2) Use gutted 550 cord and run through the tie-down anchor and secure with an end of line bowline with overhand. (Burn
the end)
3) Run the anchor end to the hand guard and route through the first and second cooling port on the right side. Secure with
an end of line bowline with overhand. (Burn the end)

PVS-14’s:
1) Use gutted 550 cord and make a packers cross around the optical cylinder. Secure with an end of line bowline with
overhand. (Burn the end)
2) Tie an end of line bowline with overhand at the anchor end of the tie-down (Burn the end). Ensure there is enough slack
in the tie-down that the NOD’s can be mounted to the ACH without requiring that the device be untied from Soldier’s
load bearing equipment/IOTV.

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12-2
Markings
Marking of the PZ/LZ
DAYLIGHT OPERATIONS – A ground guide will mark the PZ or LZ for the lead aircraft by holding an M4 (M16-series) rifle
over his head, by displaying a folded VS-17 panel chest high, or by other coordinated signal.

NIGHT OPERATIONS – The code letter Y (actually, an inverted Y) is used to mark the landing point of the lead aircraft at
night (see below). Utilize IR Strobes, IR chemlights, or other identifiable low visibility markers for night PZ/LZ marking.

Left Stem Direction of flight

14m 7m
14m
Base Directional

Right Stem = Touchdown point

Inverted Y

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12-3
MARKINGS
Urban Markings
Wolf Tail. A simple, effective, easy-to-make, lightweight device called a “wolf
tail” can be fabricated to mark buildings, doorways, and windows.
When conducting urban operations each soldier will carry one of these
devices in his cargo pocket. Wolf tails can aid in command and control, reduce the
chances of fratricide, and speed up casualty collection during urban combat.

Wolf Tail Components

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SECTION XIII. REPORTS, STATUSES, & ASSESSMENTS
UXO/IED, CONTACT, SALTY
UXO/IED Report CONTACT REPORT
1. DTG (Date Time Group): CONTACT Contact
a. When item was discovered ENEMY DESCRIPTION (BRIEF) IED
2. Unit and Grid location of the IED/UXO DIRECTION East
a. Location: OUT Out
b. Activity
3. Contact Method: SALTY (ABBREVIATED SITREP)
a. Radio Frequency: SLANT
b. Call Sign: ACTIVITY
4. Type of IED/UXO: LOCATION
a. Describe IED/UXO: TIME
b. Dropped, projected, placed, thrown YOUR
c. Number of items (if more than one) RECOMMENDATIONS
5. NBC Contamination
a. Be as specific as possible
6. Target resources threatened:
a. Personnel (Coalition, NP, Civilian, etc.)
b. Equipment
c. Facilities or other assets
7. Impact on Mission:
a. Short description of the current tactical situation
and how the IED/UXO affects the status of the
mission
8. Protective Measures/Evacuation:
a. Any measures taken to protect or evacuate
personnel and equipment
9. Recommended Priority:
a. Immediate
b. Indirect
c. Minor
d. No threat

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13-1
STANDARDIZED REPORT FORMATS
SENSITIVE ITEM REPORT
LINE 1 -- DATE AND TIME______________________________(DTG)
LINE 2 -- UNIT________________________________________(Unit Making Report)
LINE 3 -- STATUS _____________________________________(UP-100 percent Complete or UNIT GREEN to Denote Report
With No Discrepancy; if Unit is Green Skip to Line 10; When Discrepancy is Noted Report UNIT RED and Continue Report)
LINE 4 -- LOSING UNIT________________________________(Unit Making Report Loss)
LINE 5 -- ITEM _______________________________________(Item Lost by Serial Number)
LINE 6 -- DTG OF LOSS________________________________(DTG of Loss)
LINE 7 -- DETAILS_____________________________________(Circumstances of Loss)
LINE 8 -- ACTION TAKEN ______________________________(Actions Taken to Recover the Item)
LINE 9 -- NARRATIVE__________________________________(Free Text for Additional Information Required for
Clarification of Report)
LINE 10 -- AUTHENTICATION___________________________(Report Authentication

PERSTAT REPORT
LINE 1 -- DATE AND TIME______________________________(DTG)
LINE 2 -- UNIT________________________________________(Unit Making Report)
LINE 3 -- FROM_______________________________________(DTG for the Beginning of Period Applying to Personnel
Information)
LINE 4 -- TO__________________________________________(DTG for the End of Report Period)
LINE 5 -- UNIT ________________________________________(Designation of the Unit for Which the Personnel Status
Information is Being Submitted)
LINE 6 -- AUTHORIZED_________________________________(Number of Personnel Authorized by Personnel Classification)
LINE 7 -- ASSIGNED ___________________________________(Number of Personnel Assigned by Personnel Classification)
LINE 8 -- ON HAND____________________________________(Number of Personnel Authorized by Personnel Classification)
LINE 9 -- GAINS_______________________________________(Number of Personnel Gains by Personnel Classification)
LINE 10 -- REPLACEMENTS_____________________________(Number of Personnel Gained That Are Replacements by Personnel
Classification)
LINE 11 -- RETURNED TO DUTY_________________________(Number of Personnel Gained That Have Been Returned to Duty
Through Medical Channels by Personnel Classification)
LINE 12 -- KILLED_____________________________________(Number of KIA by Personnel Classification)
LINE 13 -- WOUNDED__________________________________(Number of WIA by Personnel Classification)
LINE 14 -- NONBATTLE LOSS___________________________(Number of Disease Nonbattle Injury Loss by Personnel Classification)
LINE 15 -- MISSING____________________________________(Number of MIA by Personnel Classification)
LINE 16 -- DESERTERS_________________________________(Number of Deserters by Personnel Classification)
LINE 17 -- AWOL______________________________________(Number Absent Without Leave by Personnel
Classification)
LINE 18 -- CAPTURED__________________________________(Number of Enemy Personnel Captured Duringthe Reporting
Period)
**Repeat lines 5 through 18 to indicate the personnel summary of additional units. Assign sequential line numbers to succeeding
iterations; for example, first iteration 5 through 18; second iteration 5a through 18a; third iteration 5b through 18b, and so on.
LINE 19 -- NARRATIVE_________________________________(Free Text for Additional Information Required for Clarification of
Report)
LINE 20 -- AUTHENTICATION___________________________(Report Authentication)

SITREP
LINE 1 -- DATE AND TIME______________________________(DTG)
LINE 2 -- UNIT________________________________________(Unit Making Report)
LINE 3 -- REFERENCE _________________________________(Provide Reference: Report Title, Originator, and DTG)
LINE 4 -- ORIGINATOR_________________________________(Unit Identification Code of the Unit Originating the Report)
LINE 5 -- REPORTED UNIT______________________________(Unit Identification Code of the Reported Unit)
LINE 6 -- HOME LOCATION_____________________________(UTM or Six-Digit Grid Coordinate With MGRS Grid Zone
Designator for the Home Location of the Reported Unit)
LINE 7 -- PRESENT LOCATION__________________________(UTM or Six-Digit Grid Coordinate With MGRS Grid Zone
Designator for the Present Location of the Reported Unit)
LINE 8 -- ACTIVITY____________________________________(Brief Description of Reported Unit's Current Activity)
LINE 9 -- EFFECTIVE___________________________________(Commander's Evaluation of the Reported Unit's Combat
Effectiveness)

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
13-2
CALL FOR FIRE

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
13-3
REPORTS (cont.)
9-Line MEDEVAC Request

9-LINE MEDEVAC
1. Location of pickup site:
GRID(6 digit min.):
2. Radio frequency and call sign (of pick up site):
Radio Frequency:
Call Sign:
3. Number of patients by Precedence (e.g. "A3, D2"):
[A] URGENT (non surgical) = evacuate within 2 hrs
[B] URGENT SURGICAL (all trauma) = immediate surgical care
[C] PRIORITY = evacuate within 4 hrs
[D] ROUTINE = evacuate within 24 hrs
4. Special equipment required
[A] NONE
[B] HOIST
[C] Extraction Equipment
[D] Ventilator
5. Number of patients by type (e.g. "L2, A3")
[L] Litter
[A] Ambulatory
6. Security of pickup site (wartime)
[N] No enemy troops in AO
[P] Possible enemy in area
[E] Enemy troops in area
[X] Enemy troops in area armed escort required
7. Method of marking pick up site
[A] Panels
[B] Pyrotechnic signal
[C] Smoke
[D] None
[E] Other (specify)
8. Patient nationality and status
[A] US Military/Coalition Military
[B] US Civilian/Coalition Civilian
[C] Non US Military/ Non Coalition Military
[D] Non US Civ/ Non Coalition Civ
[E] EPW MIST
[F] HVT (armed escort required) (Required in OEF after Calling Line 9)
9. NBC Contamination (wartime) / Terrain Description (peacetime)
[N] Nuclear M
[B] Biological Method of Injury
[C] Chemical I
Injuries Sustained
S
Signs and
Symptoms
T
UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO Treatment Given
13-4
REDCON Statuses

STATUS DESCRIPTION
Ready to move immediately, all vehicles running. All personnel alert, manning
REDCON 1 weapons, positions, and communications. Prep to fire checks completed.
Dismounts onboard.
Ready to move immediately, except engines not running. All personnel alert,
REDCON 1.5 manning weapons, positions, and communications. Prep to fire checks
completed. Dismounts onboard.
Ready to move within 15 min. Stand to complete, all personnel alert, manning
REDCON 2 weapons, positions, and communications. Dismounts within 15 min of
vehicles, gear uploaded.
Ready to move within 30 min. 50% alert, manning weapons ,positions, and
REDCON 3 communications, 50% stand down for maintenance, rest. Dismounts within 30
minutes of the vehicle, gear with vehicles or dismounts.
Ready to move within 1 hr. 25% alert, manning weapons, positions, and
REDCON 4 communications. 75% stand down for priorities of work.

Ready to move within 2 hrs. Minimum alert, one man dismounted guard per
REDCON 5 platoon. One monitoring radios and manning turret weapons system per
platoon. One officer/NCO supervisor alert.

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
13-5
Rapid Village Assessment

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
13-6
Rapid Village Assessment (cont.)

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
13-7
APPENDIX A. Status Cards (Personnel Equipment)

Position Name BR# M4 M9 M203 Optic NOD’s Radio

TL

TS

CANCO

MS

Notes:__________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

Status Cards (Vehicle Equipment)

BN# S/N Radio 1 Radio 2 AMP CS WPN SKL DAGR

BFT CPU BFT D/U BFT KB

Notes:______________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
A-1
Notes

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
A-2
Notes

UNCLASSIFIED // FOUO
A-3