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Encyclopedia Astronautica
Polyot

Russian manufacturer of rockets. AKO Polyot, Omsk, Omsk, Russia.

Location: Omsk.

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Associated Countries
See also
Associated Launch Vehicles
  • Kosmos 3 Russian orbital launch vehicle. In 1961 Isayev and Reshetnev developed the Voskhod space launch system on the basis of the R-14 IRBM. The initial version of the two stage rocket was designated Kosmos-1. The first 'Voskhod' launch complex was at Baikonur, a modification of one of the pads at the R-16 ICBM launch complex 41. More...
  • R-14U Russian intermediate range ballistic missile. Universal version, for pad-launch or from silo complex 'Chusovaya'. More...
  • Kosmos 65S3 Russian orbital launch vehicle. Prototype of light satellite launcher using as a first stage the Yangel R-14 (8K65) IRBM. The protoype system was launched eight times before production was handed over to the Krasnoryarsk Machine Factory. More...
  • Kosmos 11K65 Russian orbital launch vehicle. Initial serial production version was the Kosmos-3, built at the Krasnoryarsk Machine Factory. Flew only four times, with two failures, before being succeeded by the modernized production version under the responsibility of NPO Polyot. More...
  • Kosmos 11K65M Russian orbital launch vehicle. Definitive and prolific production version of satellite launcher based on Yangel R-14 IRBM. After further development at NPO Polyot (Omsk, Chief Designer A S Klinishkov), the modified Kosmos-3M added a restartable second stage with an orientation system. This booster was launched form two 'Cusovaya' launch complexes from 1967. The second stage used low thrust rockets using gas generator output to adjust the final velocity of the stage More...
  • K65M-R Russian orbital launch vehicle. Two stage vehicle for suborbital tests consisting of 1 x R-14 + 1 x S3M. More...
  • Vertikal-4 Russian orbital launch vehicle. Soviet sounding rocket, based on the R-14 IRBM. More...
  • K65M-RB Russian orbital launch vehicle. Two stage vehicle for suborbital tests consisting of 1 x R-14 + 1 x S3M. More...
  • Kosmos 65MP Russian orbital launch vehicle. Adaptation of 11K65M launcher for suborbital and single orbit test of subscale prototypes of Spiral and Buran manned spaceplanes (BOR-4 and BOR-5). More...

Polyot Chronology
1997 April 17 - . 13:03 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC132/1. LV Family: Kosmos 3. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
  • Cosmos 2341 - . Mass: 825 kg (1,818 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Polyot. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Parus. USAF Sat Cat: 24772 . COSPAR: 1997-017A. Apogee: 1,014 km (630 mi). Perigee: 977 km (607 mi). Inclination: 82.9000 deg. Period: 105.00 min. Summary: Military navigation satellite. Positioned in plane 2 of constellation. Signals at 149.91 and 399.76 MHz..
1998 December 10 - . 11:57 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC132/1. LV Family: Kosmos 3. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
  • Nadezhda 5 - . Payload: Tsikada-Kospas. Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Polyot. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Nadezhda. USAF Sat Cat: 25567 . COSPAR: 1998-072A. Apogee: 1,013 km (629 mi). Perigee: 974 km (605 mi). Inclination: 83.0000 deg. Period: 105.00 min.
1998 December 24 - . 20:02 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC132/1. LV Family: Kosmos 3. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
  • Cosmos 2361 - . Mass: 825 kg (1,818 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Polyot. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Parus. USAF Sat Cat: 25590 . COSPAR: 1998-076A. Apogee: 1,013 km (629 mi). Perigee: 967 km (600 mi). Inclination: 82.9000 deg. Period: 104.90 min. Summary: A Parus navigation satellite in the same orbital plane as Cosmos 2233..
1998 December 30 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 385-02.
  • Cosmos 2362 - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Manufacturer: Polyot. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Glonass. USAF Sat Cat: 25593 . COSPAR: 1998-077A. Apogee: 19,177 km (11,916 mi). Perigee: 19,082 km (11,856 mi). Inclination: 63.5000 deg. Period: 675.70 min.
  • Cosmos 2363 - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Manufacturer: Polyot. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Glonass. USAF Sat Cat: 25594 . COSPAR: 1998-077B. Apogee: 19,163 km (11,907 mi). Perigee: 19,097 km (11,866 mi). Inclination: 63.5000 deg. Period: 675.70 min.
  • Cosmos 2364 - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Manufacturer: Polyot. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Glonass. USAF Sat Cat: 25595 . COSPAR: 1998-077C. Apogee: 19,135 km (11,889 mi). Perigee: 19,125 km (11,883 mi). Inclination: 63.5000 deg. Period: 675.70 min.
1999 August 26 - . 12:02 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC132/1. LV Family: Kosmos 3. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
  • Cosmos 2366 - . Mass: 825 kg (1,818 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Polyot. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Parus. USAF Sat Cat: 25892 . COSPAR: 1999-045A. Apogee: 1,007 km (625 mi). Perigee: 963 km (598 mi). Inclination: 82.9000 deg. Period: 104.80 min.
2000 June 28 - . 10:37 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC132/1. LV Family: Kosmos 3. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
  • Nadezhda - . Payload: Tsikada-Kospas. Mass: 825 kg (1,818 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Polyot. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Nadezhda. USAF Sat Cat: 26384 . COSPAR: 2000-033A. Apogee: 712 km (442 mi). Perigee: 686 km (426 mi). Inclination: 98.1366 deg. Period: 98.66 min. Summary: Nadezhda navigation/search and rescue satellite. This represented the first sun-synchronous launch from Plesetsk..
2000 October 13 - . 14:12 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC81/24. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 393-01.
  • Cosmos 2374 - . Payload: Glonass s/n 83. Mass: 1,415 kg (3,119 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Polyot. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Glonass. USAF Sat Cat: 26564 . COSPAR: 2000-063A. Apogee: 19,136 km (11,890 mi). Perigee: 19,124 km (11,883 mi). Inclination: 64.6000 deg. Period: 675.70 min. Three navigation satellites for the GLONASS system were launched by a single Proton-K/Blok DM-2 upper stage into an initial 160 km x 64.8 deg parking orbit. The Blok DM-2 made two burns to maneuver into a 19120 x 19120 km x 64.8 deg orbit and deployed the three satellites about four hours after launch.
  • Cosmos 2375 - . Payload: Glonass s/n 87. Mass: 1,415 kg (3,119 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Polyot. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Glonass. USAF Sat Cat: 26565 . COSPAR: 2000-063B. Apogee: 19,136 km (11,890 mi). Perigee: 19,124 km (11,883 mi). Inclination: 64.6000 deg. Period: 675.70 min.
  • Cosmos 2376 - . Payload: Glonass s/n 88. Mass: 1,415 kg (3,119 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Polyot. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Glonass. USAF Sat Cat: 26566 . COSPAR: 2000-063C. Apogee: 19,278 km (11,978 mi). Perigee: 18,982 km (11,794 mi). Inclination: 64.5000 deg. Period: 675.70 min.
2001 June 8 - . 15:08 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC132/1. LV Family: Kosmos 3. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
  • Cosmos 2378 - . Mass: 825 kg (1,818 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Polyot. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Parus. USAF Sat Cat: 26818 . COSPAR: 2001-023A. Apogee: 1,011 km (628 mi). Perigee: 961 km (597 mi). Inclination: 82.9000 deg. Period: 104.80 min. Launch delayed from April 26/27. Parus class navigation satellite, placed initially in a 150 x 1000 km transfer orbit; the second stage of the Kosmos-3M ignited again for a short 11 second burn to put the satellite in its final orbit. This was the first Kosmos-3M flight since a failure in November 2000.
2002 November 28 - . 06:07 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC132/1. LV Family: Kosmos 3. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
  • Rubin-3-DSI - . Mass: 80 kg (176 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: NCST. Manufacturer: Polyot; Bremen. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: Rubin. USAF Sat Cat: 27561 . COSPAR: 2002-054C. Apogee: 748 km (464 mi). Perigee: 687 km (426 mi). Inclination: 98.2000 deg. Period: 99.10 min. Delayed from September 12, October 29. Rubin-3-DSI, with a mass of 45 kg, was built by PO Polyot of Omsk (builders of the Kosmos-3M) and OHB System of Bremen. It remained attached to the booster final stage and measured the launch vehicle environment and performance
2005 October 27 - . 06:52 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC132/1. LV Family: Kosmos 3. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 104.
  • Sinah-1 - . Mass: 160 kg (350 lb). Nation: Iran. Agency: Polyot. Class: Surveillance. Type: Civilian surveillance satellite. Spacecraft: Mesbah-2. USAF Sat Cat: 28893 . COSPAR: 2005-043D. Apogee: 705 km (438 mi). Perigee: 682 km (423 mi). Inclination: 98.2000 deg. Period: 98.60 min. First Iranian satellite, with an experimental surveillance camera payload. It may have used the Russian Polyot enterprise's Sterkh satellite bus. The same bus was to be used in future Nadezhda satellites. The Strekh bus was said to accomodate 80-100 kg satellites, and be 1.0 m high and 0.4 m in diameter, with a design life of 5 years. Sinah was 160 kg, and 0.8 x 1.3 x 1.6 m in dimensions. Or it may have been a version of the previously-announced satellite dubbed Mesbah-2.
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