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Jul 16

Benjamin Brooks, longest serving editor-proprietor The Tribune

Benjamin Brooks was the longest serving editor and owner of the Tribune and was leader of the Elks Lodge from 1896-1897. This photo is from their hall.

You had to have imagination, optimism and faith to see business opportunity in San Luis Obispo County at the end of the 19th century. Benjamin Brooks saw it in a struggling newspaper printed in a tiny cow town.

Since it was founded Aug. 7, 1869, The Tribune had a revolving door of almost a dozen investors and editors in a 16-year span. It was hard to find the combination of relentlessly imaginative wordsmith and grounded businessman that would be able to keep the enterprise running. Brooks would become business manager just before he turned 43 in 1885. A year later, he would buy out editor Myron Angel and become the area’s longest tenured editor/ owner.

The county had a population of 3,000 and boasted of a 4-year-old narrow-gauge railroad line from Port Harford to the county seat, but the 1,200-person town was a long way from the hustle and bustle of San Francisco.

Benjamin H. Brooks was born in Bridgeport, Conn., in 1842. His mother died when he was a child and his father, Benjamin S. Brooks, joined the California gold rush in 1849, leaving his son with relatives. The son attended Fairfield Academy of Connecticut, and about seven years later, his father sent for his 14-year-old son to come west. In the era before a transcontinental railroad, the journey must have been an adventure.

When he arrived in San Francisco, the younger Brooks enrolled in school with the sons of Mariano Vallejo, who had roots in the Spanish settlement of California. The elder Brooks had established a thriving law business and counted Gen. John C. Fremont as a client as well as Vallejo. The young Brooks soon studied law in his father’s office and frequently met Fremont. The colorful politician, after a failed presidential bid, was persuaded to hire his lawyer’s son to assist in organizing business affairs with the Union Pacific Railroad.

Benjamin Brooks would meet the love of his life while on one such business trip to Washington, D.C.

Mary Ella Steele was the daughter of a New York congressman, and she was impressed enough that she would later travel with her mother to the West.

Mary Ella would visit uncles George and Edgar Steele, who had a large dairy business in Marin and San Mateo counties.

The wedding took place in 1857 in San Francisco, and Brooks soon had a good job as an associate collector of customs in the busy port town.

In his spare time, he planned San Francisco’s first cable street railroad but did not have the capital to develop the system.

According to a cable car history website, E.W. Steele was also one of the partners in the venture as well as Abner Doubleday of baseball promotional fame. Brooks and engineer W.H. Hepburn worked out many of the mechanical details but were unable to finance the project. He sold his Clay Street franchise to Andrew S. Hallidie for $2,000, and the successful cable manufacturer completed the system. By 1871, Hallidie, already an experienced wire rope bridge maker, was patenting cable car controls and on his way to making the iconic cable car system a reality.

Brooks returned to law and was credited for being the first attorney in the state to accept Chinese clients. In an era when anti-Asian discrimination was increasingly strident, it was an indication of the lawyer’s sense of justice.

Brooks was soon hired by the Southern Pacific railroad, taking on work at the direction of Superintendent J.C. Stubbs and Director Collis P. Huntington. For a time, the Brooks family lived in El Paso, Texas, and Denning, N.M.

This was the era that the Southern Pacific railroad was acquiring right-of-way and building track east from Los Angeles to El Paso, where it arrived in May 1881. This second transcontinental link would be completed in January 1883.

Brooks clearly had inside knowledge of what a railroad needed to build a line.

In September of 1885, Benjamin and Mary Brooks came to San Luis Obispo, most likely by steam ship and narrow gauge railroad.

Her uncles had relocated their dairy business to the Edna Valley, and George and Edgar had been supporting an anemic newspaper, The Tribune. They were tiring of the task and wanted their niece’s husband to take a look at it.

They must have found something appealing about the town and the task, and soon Brooks was business manager. A year later he was editor as well, succeeding Myron Angel.

He would actively manage the paper until 1922 and would be the last owner to sell out to the corporation that would become the Telegram-Tribune in 1925.

His 40 years as a newspaperman would bear witness to epic changes. He would outlast dozens of competitors, and only one would surpass him in the struggle to grow circulation.

Upon his arrival, the town had a population of about 1,200, according to an advertising guide for newspapers. By the time he died in 1931, the town had grown to 8,300 and was poised for explosive growth.

When Benjamin and Mary walked the streets for the first time, there were no cars, telephones, electricity, airplanes, sewer, radio, pavement, movies, natural gas, lighthouse, or Union Oil Co. Newspapers were delivered by horseback.

A major rail connection was still almost a decade away, and Brooks would be one of the leaders who convinced the Southern Pacific to build track in San Luis Obispo. As editor of the region’s leading paper for most of his tenure, he would have a strong voice in pushing ideas that improved the city. Paving streets, building a sewer, things we take for granted today, were projects that Brooks endorsed.

Former Tribune editor Myron Angel is credited for originating and boosting the idea of creating Cal Poly, but it was the well-connected Brooks who found a way to bring the dream to reality.

This appreciation ran on the editorial page of the Daily Telegram on Oct. 12, 1931.

Benjamin Brooks: An appreciation

Probably the most important pioneer figure in San Luis Obispo County during the past half-century has gone with the passing of Benjamin Brooks. Coming to this city in the prime of manhood in 1885, his life has been intimately interwoven as a journalist with all the vicissitudes and triumphs of this county.

From the time that he purchased the Weekly Tribune, gave it new life and developed it into a morning daily three years later, his first thought has been the welfare of San Luis Obispo County.

A trenchant and vigorous writer, his abilities commanded state-wide recognition. But he never sought the personal limelight. He was content to be “the power behind the throne.” Of strong political views, he helped others to public office, while smilingly waving it aside for himself — even to the extent of refusing his party’s proffered nomination for the exalted office of United States senator.

It is an open political secret that his influence was the factor that finally secured the State Polytechnic School for this city and county. When reverse after reverse had attended the sustained efforts of other gallant local leaders, he enlisted the outside effort of President David Starr Jordan of Stanford University and together they persuaded a wavering governor to sign the hitherto vetoed bill.

A born optimist, a man of broad tolerance, a cheerful philosopher, a widely and deeply read scholar, a gentleman of the old school with great personal charm, San Luis Obispo could ill afford to lose him, even when on the verge of his ninetieth year.

Farewell, good friend, faithful companion generous soul and leader in high ideals.

[Editors note: This was published in The Tribune but at the time we were experiencing online technical issues.]

Jul 14

Next objective Stalingrad, World War II week by week

Telegram-Tribune July 16, 1942 headlines show Axis armies advancing on Stalingrad.

On the bank of the Volga River, the city was once called Tsaristsin.
It was a name that obviously rankled the Communists who had brought down the Tsar and put the royal family to death.
In 1925 it was renamed Stalingrad to honor dictator Josef Stalin who had held the territory during the Russian civil war (or revolution).
Stalin was an assumed name. Born Josif Dzhugashvili the Georgian son of a cobbler, he renamed himself after the Russian word for steel. As a teen he lost interest in the Georgian Orthodox seminary and became involved in the Bolshevik Revolution. His ruthless bank robberies, kidnapping and extortion made him a more than an armchair theorist though he was also talented at propaganda. He would soon show his mastery of political infighting and upon the death of Lenin he was able to ascend to ultimate control of the Soviet Union.
Stalin had been in power for a year when the Volga town was renamed in 1925 as a tangible way to assert personal authority.
It wasn’t the only Soviet city to be renamed for political reasons. During the World War II, the city of St. Petersburg was known as Lenningrad, erasing religious overtones from the name.
Both Adolph Hitler and Joseph Stalin placed high symbolic importance on Stalingrad.
In addition to symbolism the Volga River was the strategic highway for supplying the Russian South.
Stalingrad was also wartime manufacturing center. The German summer offensive objectives seemed clear and the Soviets were still struggling to counter the mechanized rapid attack force.
United Press Correspondent Hanry Shapiro cabled from Moscow, “The enemy advance within less than 180 miles of Stalingrad is the most serious threat of 13 months of war.”
The Soviet Army was still struggling to find solid leadership after years of Stalin lead purges had decimated the ranks. Many were either banished to gulags in Siberia or executed. Now Stalin would comb lists from the gulags, bringing some back under control of strict political handlers. Times were desperate.

Today the city is renamed once again, now as Volgograd. Stalin’s replacement Nikita Khrushchev wanted to deflate the legacy of Stalin after the death of the feared leader.

Jul 13

De Soto or DeSoto? Automobile advertising from 1957

De Soto advertisement from 1957.

It is a bad sign when a car company can’t agree on how to spell its own name in an advertisement. Is there a space in between De Soto or not? This ad from March 12, 1957 has it both ways.
The company was founded as a mid-price brand by Walter Chrysler with the first models appearing on the street for the 1929 model year. It was a case of poor planning however because the company bought the Dodge Brothers brand soon thereafter making DeSoto the cheaper model.
Peak of the brand was in the early 1950s and in 1956 it was selected for the prestigious slot as Indianapolis 500 Pace Car.
Sales crashed in 1958 during an economic downturn and the brand was folded after the 1961 model. According to Wikipedia the Chrysler had failed to manage their five name plates to stay in specific pricing points forcing the corporation to compete with itself.
The automobile company was a sponsor of comic Groucho Marx on both television and radio.

The advertising copy reads:

This baby can flick its tail at anything on the road De Soto

And she sure gets a big kick out of proving it. This new glamor gal leads the pack—in beauty, in performance, in rid. And talk about ride…just throw her a curve. She loves it! New Torsion-Aire ride keeps her smooth and level. Mister, here’s everything you want in a car. The man to see is your nearby De Soto-Plymouth dealer. Drive and price a De Soto before you decide.
The most exciting car in the world today!
DeSoto prices start just above the lowest

Jul 11

The Chinese temple in Cambria

The former Chinese temple in Cambria in 1980. ©The Tribune

A century-old lost coin leads to the rediscovery of what was once the centerpiece of a long-gone community. Historical buildings are often taken for granted and allowed to slip away.

Sometimes it is an attempt to erase our past; sometimes the culprit is neglect or a lack of money. All three causes intersect in an unassuming wood building in Cambria.

On Nov. 18, 1980, then-Telegram-Tribune reporter Tim Ryan wrote about a rare and endangered building.

Chinese temple: Some call it link to Cambria’s past

Some Cambrians view it as an eyesore.

Old-timers remember it as a place where Clarence Stilts choked to death on a piece of meat.

But Forrest Warren, one of the owners of the dilapidated wood structure, and Dr. Nancy Wey of the state Office of Historic Preservation, believe the building is an important link to Cambria’s past and “a historical document of the Chinese presence in the town.”

It is called a Dios, or house of God. It is a Chinese temple, possibly both Taoist and Buddhist, and it’s located on (a) short dusty, one-way Center Street near Bridge and Main streets in old town Cambria.

Since Warren discovered a Chinese coin in the building several years ago, he has been researching the structure’s possible historical significance. Wey learned of the building in May while she was conducting a yearlong survey of the state’s Chinese historical sites.

Warren and his parents and sister own the property. When the study is completed, he said, he will apply to the state Office of Historic Preservation for a historical designation. The classification would make the owners eligible for tax cuts and preservation grants, Wey said.

“If the building was a temple, it was most certainly the center of Chinese-American activity in Cambria, ” Wey said.

“There are only eight Chinese temples left in California, so any new discovery is very significant.”

Only three temples exist south of San Francisco, at Hanford, El Centro and Bakersfield. The Cambria temple would be only the second known to exist along the California coast. The other is in Mendocino.

“This makes the Cambria site even more important, ” Wey said.

The Cambria building is often referred to as a Joss House, which Wey said the Chinese considered a racial slur.

“There seems to have been an effort in Southern California to obliterate Chinese history, ” she explained. “Many Southern California city halls, including Los Angeles’ and San Bernardino’s have been built over what was once a Chinatown.”

All of the Chinese temples in San Francisco were destroyed in the 1906 earthquake, and never rebuilt, she said.

The Cambria Dios is a combination of three buildings joined around 1916. The section believed to be the Chinese temple originally sat on the north bank of Santa Rosa Creek, several hundred feet south of its present site. Wey believes the temple may have been constructed between 1870 and 1900.

Other buildings used by the Chinese, including bunk houses, were nearby, Wey said.

Chinese laborers arrived in California around 1870 to work on the construction of the railroad in San Luis Obispo, in the Cambria mines or as seaweed farmers between Cayucos and Cambria, Wey said.

The temple and another building, which sat at the corner of Burton Drive and Main Street, were connected to the one-room B.H. Franklin building, Cambria’s first high school, after the Warren family purchased the property in 1916.

Cambria’s Chinese population left the North Coast around 1920 to join friends and relatives in the San Francisco Bay Area. …

Wey learned of the Cambria temple accidentally.

“I was in Imperial County interviewing Wong Sing, an elder of a Confucius temple in El Centro, ” she said.

“He had been a seaweed farmer near Cambria in the 1920s and remembered the Cambria temple.”

Wey visited the Cambria site in June. She said the “rough hewn” redwood board construction indicates the structure was build around 1870. …

“People often think it is only the spectacular monuments which are historically important, ” Wey said. “But while Cambria’s weathered Chinese temple may physically appear small and unpretentious, it may be very significant to Chinese-American heritage.

“You can’t judge a book by its cover. I’m afraid Cambrians may not realize the significance of what they have in their own backyard.”

***

The story has a happy ending. The community came together through Greenspace to rescue the building. A donation from the Hind Foundation of San Luis Obispo helped the effort. The building was restored to its original shape and now stands in a park next to the creek on Center Street. It was dedicated May 19.

TRIBUNE PHOTO BY DAVID MIDDLECAMP - The Cambria Chinese temple was restored in the open space next to the creek on Center Street.


[Editors note: This was published in The Tribune but at the time we were experiencing online technical issues.]

Jul 09

Garbage never sleeps, throwing out the baby bottle, sleeping man dumped in garbage truck

Brian Huber, 2, of San Luis Obispo agreed to give up his bottles if he could personally throw them into the garbage truck. ©Doug Parker/Telegram-Tribune

Garbage never sleeps. The sound of the truck going by in the early morning hours has been known to rouse dozing folks, though the final story shared here is the ultimate garbage wake-up call.

In his book “Garbology: Our Dirty Love Affair With Trash, ” Edward Humes collects a landfill worth of stats, including the fact that America’s largest export is trash. Americans produce on average 7 pounds of trash a day.

Here are a couple of recycled news items. The first illustrates the eternal bond between toddlers and garbage truck operators. Note the old school trash cans in the background of the photo. The second illustrates all that can end up in the trash.

This is from the July 10, 1984, edition of the then Telegram-Tribune:

Kicking a habit

Two-year-old Brian Huber of San Luis Obispo agreed to give up his bottles recently if he personally could chuck them into a garbage truck.

So, a San Luis Obispo Garbage Co. driver pulled a truck up next to the Huber home on Richard Street and Brian did the honors — throwing all four of his bottles into the truck.

In exchange, Brian got a T-shirt and a cap.

His mother, Mary Jo Huber, said Brian knows the garbage company workers by name and they know him.

“He waits for them every Friday, ” she said.

“It was a great way to kick the habit, ” she said. “He never even asked for them again.”

***

The next news item could have inspired the trash compactor scene from the film “Star Wars.”

This item is from the Nov. 8, 1976, edition:

Snoozing man taken out with the trash

An unidentified man had a rude awakening in San Luis Obispo last week– in a garbage truck.

The man, about 25 to 27 years old, apparently spent Thursday night in a paper and cardboard-filled trash container at a warehouse near the Southern Pacific tracks at Roundhouse Avenue. He was dumped with the paper into a San Luis Garbage Co. truck before the sun rose, company foreman Brad Caligari said today.

It was about 5:20 a.m., and the first pickup of the day for the driver. He hadn’t seen the man as the truck’s mechanical arms lifted the container and overturned its contents into the truck. The first he knew he had a passenger was when he heard pounding on the truck’s walls.

He drove straight to the restaurant where Calagari was eating breakfast, and he was “shaking like a leaf, ” Caligari said.

Caligari opened the truck’s side door and the man jumped out, unhurt. He spoke only a few words of English, and no one there spoke Spanish. No one got his name.

[Editors note: This was published in The Tribune but at the time we were experiencing blogging technical issues.]

Jul 07

Segregation in San Luis Obispo, World War II week by week

Headlines from July 7, 1942 in the Telegram-Tribune.

Nazi troops led by General Rommel were threatening to take Cairo, Egypt. They hoped to drive the British out of North Africa and open the way to the rich oil fields of the Middle East.
Russian troops were also on the defensive as attacks pressed for a city renamed in honor of the Soviet leader, Stalin.
In retrospect this would be the high water mark in Africa for the Axis. British troops held their ground, the American Embassy in Cairo changed their code depriving the Germans inside information of the situation. British commanders were beginning to make sense of their decoded intercepts and began to target weaker Italian divisions for counter attack. This forced the German commander to redeploy crack units to shore up holes in the line. A new field commander would soon take over for the British and the Americans were gearing up to enter the fray. American troops were beginning to reach the front seven months after entering the war.
The United States was learning the lessons in logistics. The nation was converting to a wartime economy and training and deploying men to the other side of the world on ships. Coordination with allies was essential to make the effort effective. Sometimes allies agreed to disagree.
United States Army Air Corps struck the first U.S. blow in Europe by making their first bomb run on July 4th, 1942.
Americans were convinced that precision daylight bombing was the correct approach. The British having inflicted terrible losses on the German bombers in daylight during the Battle of Britain and having suffered terrible losses attacking over enemy territory in daylight had moved to a night time, area bombing approach.

In local news water impounded behind the Salinas Dam was being released downstream equal to the rate of inflow. The five member committee in charge of setting policy said water would be released from July 1 until the end of the dry season on October 31. About 18,000 acre-feet of water had been stored since the floodgates were closed the day before the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Segregation is a word usually associated with the South but San Luis Obispo was also the scene of institutionalized discrimination. A front page story was headlined:

Colored Troops’ USO Club Opens Here July 19

The hall was at 861 Palm St. According to Google maps the location is the building with the Shanghai Low, Chop Suey sign in Chinatown.
J. Barksdale Brown was the director and his resume included degrees from Atlanta University and M.A. from Columbia. He had also worked in New York City with the YMCA, Harlem Boys Club and Children’s Aid Society. Activities were the usual U.S.O fare of dances, movies, letter writing and games and Brown expressed a desire for a board of management from townspeople, who he said “have been definitely cooperative.”

African-American troops would be given few front line assignments and as a result few promotions during the war. Many support roles involved danger but little chance for distinction such as the loading of ships with explosives.
Desegrigation of America’s armed forces would come after the war under President Harry Truman on February 2, 1948.

Jul 06

Morro Bay Power Plant construction

Building the Morro Bay Power Plant, moving heavy stuff, General Electric Stator

POWER PLANT'S HEAVIEST PART...A huge generator stator, weighing nearly one-half million pounds, was brought out from General Electric's Schenectady, N.Y. plant on a special rail car to a Camp San Luis Obispo railroad siding. From there it was moved nine miles to the PG&E power plant in Morro Bay. ©The Tribune

California has seen population growth on a scale not experienced by other states for most of its existence. Only recently have the growth numbers flattened.
In the 1950s the growth trend line was accelerating as the baby boom was added to immigration into the Golden State. Not only were the raw numbers expanding but there was an explosion of electric powered comfort and labor saving devices that had been unavailable to a generation before. Clothes dryers, air conditioners, televisions, and dozens of other appliances all became an expected part of the landscape of a modern home.
Electric power was not just for light-bulbs anymore.
Utility companies strained to keep ahead of the curve.
For two decades, the 50s and 60s growth was fast and furious, World War II had infused a generation with a “Can do” attitude. Environmental concerns had not yet become a major factor.
At one point the idea was floated that the state would build a nuclear power plant in Cayucos.
The Telegram-Tribune took an excited tone on the eve of the Morro Bay power plant‘s dedication.
With well paying jobs to construct and operate the plant, a tax base that allowed Morro Bay to become a city and made San Luis Coastal a relatively wealthy school district, what was not to like.
According to the Heritage Shared website construction began on the first unit at Morro Bay in October 1953. The then Telegram-Tribune published a special section July 7, 1955 as the first unit opened. The plant grew to four units with three 450 foot tall smokestacks. (Two units share a smokestack.) As an aesthetic consideration the outside of the plant was sheathed with aluminum unlike the open and more industrial looking Moss Landing plant built about the same time.

General Electric Stator, Highway 1, Camp San Luis Obispo, Hollister Peak

Highway 1 traffic, between San Luis Obispo and Morro Bay, was detoured for more than a week while workmen tediously laid heavy planks beneath the heavy load and it was inched along toward its destination by Belya Truck company. It is shown here being loaded aboard Belyea's specially-constructed trailer, 89 feet long and 17 1/2 feet wide and which rolled on 82 rubber tires. Planking was required to prevent damage to the highway.

When it was dedicated it was the 4th largest electric producer in the PG&E system and cost $44,000,000. The plant was touted as the largest single industrial investment in the area and when completed the plant was expected to provide enough power to serve the needs of a city the size of San Francisco. A second power unit was scheduled for completion by March 1956. The 140 acre site was purchased from San Luis Obispo county in August 1951 and hundreds of skilled workers drew paychecks in the region. When this section was published there were 350 construction workers on the payroll of builder, Bechtel. PG&E had 55 persons operating the generating plant with the staff expected to grow to between 65 and 70.
Much of the heavy equipment was trucked from the nearest railroad siding at Goldtree on the Southern Pacific railroad line at Camp San Luis Obispo.
The generator buildings cover boiler furnaces that are 14 stories tall.
The work force brought families and a new junior high school was already in the planning stages for students that were then being bussed to San Luis Obispo.

The plant, now owned by Dynegy, operates at a fraction of historic levels. What was high tech in the mid-1950s is less and less economical compared to other facilities. In addition the cooling system has run afoul of regulators protecting fish and crab larvae and the facility is approaching a regulatory crossroads. David Sneed will have a story in Sunday’s Tribune.

Jul 04

Ty Cobb, Honus Wagner, Walter Johnson baseball contracts 1917

Ty Cobb, Grover Cleveland Alexander, Tris Speaker, Eddie Collins, Walter Johnson, Honus Wagner, Frank Baker were all part of this All-Star baseball salary chart from 1917.

Listen to sports talk radio and perennial themes come up like: Which athlete is worth more?
Your great-grandfather was arguing this one. This story ran on a feature page complete with graphic complete with a giant dollar sign and floating heads.
Bonus points if you can come up with the first names and teams of the All-Stars without reading the caption or story.

A wire feature published in the Daily Telegram February 18, 1917 with a spelling correction to the original headline:

Why Alexander Wants More Coin
Phillies great pitcher is paid less than any other great baseball star.
By Paul Purman.

For two years, Grover Cleveland Alexander, signed to a contract which called for $8,000 a year, has wistfully regarded the salaries of stars on other teams and wondered why they were so lucky.
Alexander knows he is the mainstay of the Philadelphia team; that is mainly due to his wonderful work in the box that the Phillies won the pennant in 1915 and were contenders until the last days of 1916.
And when President Baker of the Philly club offered him an $8,000 contract this year, Alexander promptly sent it back and asked for $15,000.
There may be some question as to whether Alexander is worth $15,000 a year but Alexander was the greatest pitcher in the world last year, with 33 games won out of 45, 16 of them being shutouts, and he figures he is worth at least as much as Walter Johnson, who is drawing $12,500 a year.
That there are inflated salaries in the major leagues is not questioned, but that any of the rally great stars are getting more than they are worth is doubtful.
Ty. Cobb is said to draw $20,000 and he is worth it. Cobb is the greatest drawing card in baseball and the value of his services cannot be estimated.
Tris Speaker’s contract calls for $15,000 a year. Speaker made the Cleveland club last year.
Eddie Collins gets $12,000 a year with the White Sox and it is doubtful if Comisky is sorry he is paying his biggest star that salary.
Walter Johnson makes $12,500 a year. He is Washington’s greatest asset.
Frank Baker draws $9,000 from the Yankees. Baker didn’t do much last year on account of injuries, but the owners believe he will be worth the money this season.
Honus Wagner draws $10,000. That he has earned it is not questioned.
Lee Magee holds a wartime contract for $9,000. He has yet to show he is entitled to that much money.
With the evidence submitted, isn’t Alexander entitled to more than $8,000.

Ty Cobb was as ruthless a negotiator as he was a baseball player but the owners had the upper hand in most negotiations in the first three quarters of the 20th century. Cobb’s inflation adjusted 2012 salary would be $359,085.94, below the 2012 major league minimum of $480,000.

Jul 03

Cosmopolitan Hotel ad, fine sleeping rooms

[Oops, an correction is in order here, I confused the Cosmopolitan seen here with an earlier post about the Central Hotel which was seen in a photograph from 1883 in an earlier post. Thanks to Jack Krege for phone call.]

Cosmopolitan Hotel ad July, 26, 1876 shortly after the United States turned 100.

Over the course of the last two weeks Cosmoplitan Hotel has popped up twice before. Once for a July 4th parade photograph from 1883 and again when the building was slated to be torn down in the late 60s.
This will likely be the last post on the Cosmopolitan Hotel but I could not resist including it.

The advertisement from July, 26, 1876 shows a prosperous four floor establishment on Monterey Street, stage coach pulled up outside and a flag pole in the street.

Wait, four floors?
The building seen in the picture just seven years later was two floors and there was no flagpole in the street. The porch is different and the architectural details do not match.
Was an original etching of the actual building too expensive so a generic stock image was used in the ad? Did it burn down and was it replaced with a more modest building? Did a flying saucer come and disintegrate the upper floors before the photo was made?
Did the building actually have seventy-five elegant style rooms with parlors?
That would be 150 rooms on two floors not including the reading room, bath rooms and saloon.
Even without parlors 75 a lot of rooms on two floors.
Or were the owners of the establishment stretching the truth to look like they were bigger and better than other boarding houses in town?
Don’t try to book a room online, the property is now a parking lot next to the old Muzio’s building.

Jul 01

Headlines shout World War II week by week

Japanese submarine shells Oregon beach was the top news in the judgement of editors June 22, 1942.

Headlines are the voice of a newspaper. Big headlines, all caps and boldfaced type exclaim -”This is a big deal!”
Smaller one column headlines mumble – “Oh by the way, you might want to read this.”
There is an art to making a good headline. It acts as story summary, circus barker and indexer all at the same time.
That is what I will miss when the last paper rolls off the press and we are all stuck with flickering computer screens of sameness.
You may not agree with the sorting process that goes into making a printed page but at least a human has made an attempt to sort the stories. Not a faceless algorithm weighting decisions based on the type of shoe you bought last week.
A few variables that go into making decisions on story weight are:
• When – Was the event recent?
• Who – Do we know the participants?
• Why – Will it affect me? Was it a surprise?
• How – Anything unusual about the event?
• What – Is it a trend? A tradition? Did we learn anything?

A successful paper figures out the voice that connects with readers. Readers become familiar with the voice and use it to navigate and make their own decisions on what they want to read.
When a paper redesigns there is a period of awkward readjustment for the readers as they search for navigation clues in the new landscape.

Some newspapers shout in bold tabloid voices, others speak in more measured tones, some have a strong sense of design, others look like ransom notes.
In print the headline writer has the added difficulty of finite space. When I started in journalism school we were given spacing codes for various letters. Big letters like W and M take up more real estate than H or E. Smallest of all is the letter I. The capital L takes up more space than lower case l. When pages were made up copy editors calculate the maths as they wrote trying not to leave big islands of white space around the headline.
They could not see the type flowing onto the page as they do today with visual page design computer programs. Pages were locked into grids and columns, short briefs were typeset to fill out odd corners when main stories came up short.
In this era it was common to have over 15 headlined stories in addition to packages of brief items so headline writers were busy reading stories and trying to come up with good summary heads that fit the space.
On June 22, 1942 the Telegram-Tribune headline screamed that a Japanese submarine had shelled a beach in Oregon. It was the first attack on American mainland soil since the War of 1812. However given our vantage point in history the nine 5-inch shells that landed in the sand and swamp near Astoria, Oregon were nothing more than a tiny footnote in the war, no injuries, no damage.
After many days of full page headlines the reality that the war was going to be news for a long time began to have an effect on the page design. Shouting full page headlines needed to be reserved for major events.

By June 29, 1942 headlines were more measured. Big news of the day was Rommel's advance against British troops in North Africa driving them back to Egypt.

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