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A Bill is a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to change an existing law that is presented for debate before Parliament. Bills are introduced in either the House of Commons or House of Lords for examination, discussion and amendment. When both Houses have agreed on the content of a Bill it is then presented to the reigning monarch for approval (known as Royal Assent). Once Royal Assent is given a Bill becomes an Act of Parliament and is law.
We carry a full list of Bills before Parliament with complete texts, amendments and all proceedings. You can follow the progress of legislation on this site by accessing our Bills and Legislation section.
A Bill is not an Act of Parliament. This is what a Bill becomes if approved by a majority in the House of Commons and the House of Lords, and formally agreed to by the reigning monarch (known as Royal Assent).
An Act of Parliament is a law, enforced in all areas of the UK where it is applicable.
Royal Assent: This is when the monarch agrees to make a Bill an Act of Parliament. Royal Assent is usually a formality: Queen Anne, in 1707, was the last monarch to refuse it, for a Bill to settle militia in Scotland.
