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Páigina percipal

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Nabegaçon de táxones

Coincer l Biquispeces

  • Ajuda – Anformaçon detailhada subre la criaçon de páiginas.
  • Taxonomie – Anformaçon subre la classeficaçon de Lineu pa speces.
  • Taberna – Cumberse subre l porjeto.
  • Feito i a Fazer – Ber refréncias pa árias bien detailhadas i albos feturos defenidos.
  • FAQ de l Biquispeces – Ber las repuostas pa preguntas frequentes.
  • Guia pa eimaiges – Nuossa recomendaçon pa aonde cargar eilustraçones.
  • PR de l Biquispeces – Ajude-mos dibulgando l Biquispeces.

Colaboraçon cun ZooKeys

Ua colaboraçon antre l Biquispeces i ZooKeys (ambora an anglés) fui anunciada. PhytoKeys juntou-se tamien a la colaboraçon an nobembre de 2010. Las eimaiges de speces de l ZooKeys i PhytoKeys seran ambiadas ne l Wikimedia Commons i outelizadas ne l Biquispeces.

Outor çtinguido

Francesco Redi
1626–1697. Standard IPNI form: Redi

Francesco Redi was an Italian entomologist, parasitologist and toxicologist, sometimes referred to as the "founder of experimental biology" and the "father of modern parasitology". Having a doctoral degree and in both medicine and philosophy from the University of Pisa at the age of 21, he worked in various cities of Italy.

Redi is best known for his series of experiments, published in 1668 as Esperienze Intorno alla Generazione degli Insetti ("Experiments on the Generation of Insects"), which is regarded as his masterpiece and a milestone in the history of modern science. The book is one of the first steps in refuting "spontaneous generation", a theory also known as "Aristotelian abiogenesis". At the time, prevailing theory was that maggots arose spontaneously from rotting meat, which Redi was able to disprove. In an experiment, He used samples of rotting meat that were either fully exposed to the air, partially exposed to the air, or not exposed to air at all. Redi showed that both fully and partially exposed rotting meat developed fly maggots, whereas rotting meat that was not exposed to air did not develop maggots. This discovery completely changed the way people viewed the decomposition of organisms and prompted further investigations into insect life cycles and into entomology in general. It is also an early example of forensic entomology.

In Esperienze Intorno alla Generazione degli Insetti Redi was the first to describe ectoparasites, such as lice (Phthiraptera), fleas (Siphonaptera), and some mites (Acari). His next treatise in 1684, titled Osservazioni intorno agli animali viventi che si trovano negli animali viventi ("Observations on Living Animals, that are in Living Animals") recorded the descriptions and the illustrations of more than 100 parasites. In it he also differentiates the earthworm (generally regarded as a helminth) and Ascaris lumbricoides, the human roundworm. An important innovation from the book is his experiments in chemotherapy in which he employed what is now called "scientific control", the basis of experimental design in modern biological research. Perhaps, his most significant observation was that parasites produce eggs and develop from them, which contradicted the prevailing opinion that they are produced spontaneously. Altogether he is known to have described some 180 species of parasites.

See also: Distinguished authors of previous months.

Species of the month

Island Fox

Urocyon littoralis

Urocyon littoralis (Baird, 1857)

Some facts about this small caniform carnivoran:

  • Size: The Island fox is the smallest fox in North America, significantly smaller than the Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus, i.e. the only other member of the Urocyon genus). It's also slightly smaller than the Swift- (Vulpes velox) and Kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis). Typically, the head-and-body length is 48–50 cm (19–19.5 in), shoulder height 12–15 cm (4.5–6 in). The tail is 11–29 cm (4.5–11.5 in) long, which is notably shorter than the 27–44 cm (10.5–17.5 in) tail of the Gray fox.
  • Distribution: Contrary to the widely spread mainland Gray fox, this species is endemic to six of the eight Channel Islands of California, United States.
  • Protection status: IUCN: Urocyon littoralis (Baird, 1857) (Near Threatened). Last assessed by Coonan, T., Ralls, K., Hudgens, B., Cypher, B. & Boser, C. in July 23, 2013. There are several active conservation measures in place in order to help support the species. In 2013 only 4,001 mature specimen remained, but the population is increasing and now the annual survival rates are above 85%.
  • Etymology: The generic name Urocyon means "tailed dog", from Greek ουρά meaning 'tail' and ancient Greek κύων meaning 'dog'; because of the tail which according to Baird has "a concealed mane of stiff hairs, without any soft fur intermixed". Its specific name is the Latin word littoralis meaning 'of the seashore'.

An interesting phylogenetic detail about the Island fox – or rather Urocyon, the genus – is that whole genome sequencing (WGS) indicates that it's the most basal genus of all living canids. Fossils of their ancestors found in Kansas date to the Upper Pliocene (circa 2.6–3.6 million years ago), with some undescribed specimens dating even older. See Lindblad-Toh, K. et al. 2005. Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog. Nature 438: 803–819. DOI: 10.1038/nature04338 Open access

See also: Species of previous months.

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