Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Apr:298:114860.
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114860. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

"Am I really alive?": Understanding the role of homophobia, biphobia and transphobia in young LGBT+ people's suicidal distress

Affiliations

"Am I really alive?": Understanding the role of homophobia, biphobia and transphobia in young LGBT+ people's suicidal distress

Hazel Marzetti et al. Soc Sci Med. 2022 Apr.

Abstract

Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death amongst young people aged 15-29 globally and amongst this young population, lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT+) young people have higher rates of suicidal thoughts and attempts than their cisgender (non-trans), heterosexual peers. However, despite well-established knowledge on the existence of this health inequality, in the UK there has been a paucity of research exploring why this disparity exists, and this is particularly the case in Scotland. This paper aims to address this gap, reporting on the first study specifically seeking to understand LGBT+ young people's suicidal thoughts and attempts in Scotland. We used a qualitative methodology to explore how young people with lived experience of suicidal distress make sense of the relationship between homophobia, biphobia and transphobia, and suicidal thoughts and attempts. We undertook in-depth, narrative interviews with twenty-four LGBT+ people aged 16-24, and analysed them using reflexive thematic analysis. Drawing on this analysis, we argue that suicide can be understood as a response to stigma, discrimination and harassment, made possible by a cultural climate that positions LGBT+ people as different or other, reinforcing norms regarding gender conformity and sexuality. We suggest in turn, that this cultural climate provides fertile ground from which more explicit acts of homophobia, biphobia and transphobia, such as bullying and family rejection are able to grow. In response to this, LGBT+ young people could begin to experience senses of entrapment, rejection and isolation, to which suicidal thoughts and attempts can be understood as responses. Consequently, we propose that these stigma experiences must be taken seriously and tackled directly in order to reduce LGBT + suicide in the future.

Keywords: LGBT; Qualitative; Self-harm; Sexuality; Stigma; Suicide; Transgender; Youth.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest

We have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Interview schedule - paper based resource.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Reflection wheel - paper based resource.

Similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Ahmed S. Queer Phenomenology. Duke University Press; Durham and London: 2006.
    1. Ansara YG, Hegarty P. Cisgenderism in psychology: pathologising and misgendering children from 1999 to 2008. Psychol Sex. 2012;3:137–160.
    1. Bailey L, Ellis SJ, Mcneil J. Suicide risk in the UK trans population and the role of gender transition in decreasing suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Mental Health Rev. 2014;19:209–220. Ellis Is A Principal, S.J.
    1. Barbour R. Checklists for improving rigour in qualitative research: a case of the tail wagging the dog? Br Med J. 2002;325:1164. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bauer GR, Hammond R, Travers R, Kaay M, Hohenadel KM, Boyce M. I don’t think this is theoretical; this is our lives”: how erasure impacts health care for transgender people. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2009;20:348–361. - PubMed

Publication types