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. 2020 Feb 10;11(3):1327-1335.
doi: 10.1364/BOE.385303. eCollection 2020 Mar 1.

Dual-mode line-field confocal optical coherence tomography for ultrahigh-resolution vertical and horizontal section imaging of human skin in vivo

Jonas Ogien  1 , Olivier Levecq  1 , Hicham Azimani  1 , Arnaud Dubois  1   2
Affiliations

Dual-mode line-field confocal optical coherence tomography for ultrahigh-resolution vertical and horizontal section imaging of human skin in vivo

Jonas Ogien et al. Biomed Opt Express. .

Abstract

Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a recently introduced technique for ultrahigh-resolution vertical section (B-scan) imaging of human skin in vivo. This work presents a new implementation of the LC-OCT technique to obtain horizontal section images (C-scans) in addition to B-scans. C-scan imaging is achieved with this dual-mode LC-OCT system using a mirror galvanometer for lateral scanning along with a piezoelectric chip for modulation of the interferometric signal. A quasi-identical spatial resolution of ∼ 1 µm is measured for both B-scans and C-scans. The images are acquired in both modes at a rate of 10 frames per second. The horizontal field of view of the C-scans is 1.2 × 0.5 mm2, identical to the vertical field of view of the B-scans. The user can switch between the two modes by clicking a button. In vivo cellular-resolution imaging of human skin is demonstrated in both B-scan and C-scan modes, with the possibility to navigate within the skin tissues in real time.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this article.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Schematic of the dual-mode LC-OCT system. SMF: single mode fiber; CL: cylindrical lens; BS: beamsplitter; MG: mirror galvanometer; MO: microscope objective; IM: immersion medium; RS: reference surface; C: piezoelectric chip; PZT: piezoelectric stage; GP: glass plate; TL: tube lens. The plain red lines represent the beam in the plane of the figure (the cylindrical lens has no effect in this plane). The dotted red lines represent the beam in the direction orthogonal to the plane of the figure. The dashed rectangle represents the part of the interferometer moved vertically under the action of PZT for B-scan imaging.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Lateral resolution characterization for the dual-mode LC-OCT system by C-scan imaging of a high-resolution microscopy resolution target. Line pairs up to 550 lp/mm can be resolved.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
LC-OCT C-scan images of healthy human skin in vivo (back of the hand), obtained for several layers of the skin: a) stratum corneum, b) stratum spinosum, c) stratum basale and d) papillary dermis. The depth (Z) of each layers is indicated, counted from the surface of the skin. The C-scans are correlated to a B-scan obtained by switching from C-scan mode to B-scan mode. Scale bars: 100 µm.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.
LC-OCT B-scan images of healthy human skin in vivo (back of the hand), obtained for several lateral positions, correlated to a C-scan. The lateral positions (Y) are counted from the center line of the C-scan. Scale bars: 100 µm.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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