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Comparative Study
. 2013 Oct:60:199-204.
doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.052. Epub 2013 Jul 27.

Occurrence of patulin in organic and conventional apple-based food marketed in Catalonia and exposure assessment

Ester Piqué  1 , Liliana Vargas-Murga, Jesús Gómez-Catalán, Joaquin de Lapuente, Joan Maria Llobet
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Occurrence of patulin in organic and conventional apple-based food marketed in Catalonia and exposure assessment

Ester Piqué et al. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Oct.

Abstract

In the last years, consumption of organic foods has become increasingly popular. Nevertheless, safety of organic foods is still unclear, and needs to be thoroughly evaluated. Patulin is a mycotoxin mainly present in rotten apples and apple-based products. The aim of this study is to analyse the content of patulin in apple juices and purees derived from organic and conventional production systems, in order to assess the risk to consumers, particularly in children. A total of 93 apple-based products marketed in Catalonia were analysed, 49 of which were derived from conventional and 44 from organic farming. The results showed higher incidence of positive samples and higher concentration of patulin in organic apple purees when comparing with conventional ones. In the case of juices, significant differences were found between conventional and organic samples, but applying a multivariate analysis the type of agriculture did not seem to have a relevant contribution to patulin occurrence, being cloudiness the main factor involved. The estimated daily intake of patulin for infants and young children (0-3 years old), children (4-18 years old) and adults (19-66 years old), were below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of 0.4 μg/kg bw in all scenarios considered.

Keywords: AOAC; Apple juice; Apple puree; Association of Analytical Communities; Exposure assessment; HPLC; High Performance Liquid Chromatography; IARC; International Agency for Research on Cancer; JECFA; Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives; Organic food; PMTDI; Patulin; Provisional Maximum Tolerable Daily Intake.

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