Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2012 Jul;120(7):1049-54.
doi: 10.1289/ehp.1104802. Epub 2012 May 23.

Serum PBDEs in a North Carolina toddler cohort: associations with handwipes, house dust, and socioeconomic variables

Heather M Stapleton  1 , Sarah Eagle, Andreas Sjödin, Thomas F Webster
Affiliations

Serum PBDEs in a North Carolina toddler cohort: associations with handwipes, house dust, and socioeconomic variables

Heather M Stapleton et al. Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Jul.

Abstract

Background: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent, bioaccumulative, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals.

Objectives: We used handwipes to estimate exposure to PBDEs in house dust among toddlers and examined sex, age, breast-feeding, race, and parents' education as predictors of serum PBDEs.

Methods: Eighty-three children from 12 to 36 months of age were enrolled in North Carolina between May 2009 and November 2010. Blood, handwipe, and house dust samples were collected and analyzed for PBDEs. A questionnaire was administered to collect demographic data.

Results: PBDEs were detected in all serum samples (geometric mean for ΣpentaBDE in serum was 43.3 ng/g lipid), 98% of the handwipe samples, and 100% of the dust samples. Serum ΣpentaBDEs were significantly correlated with both handwipe and house dust ΣpentaBDE levels, but were more strongly associated with handwipe levels (r = 0.57; p < 0.001 vs. r = 0.35; p < 0.01). Multivariate model estimates revealed that handwipe levels, child's sex, child's age, and father's education accounted for 39% of the variation in serum ΣBDE3 levels (sum of BDEs 47, 99, and 100). In contrast, age, handwipe levels, and breast-feeding duration explained 39% of the variation in serum BDE 153.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that hand-to-mouth activity may be a significant source of exposure to PBDEs. Furthermore, age, socioeconomic status, and breast-feeding were significant predictors of exposure, but associations varied by congener. Specifically, serum ΣBDE3 was inversely associated with socioeconomic status, whereas serum BDE-153 was positively associated with duration of breast-feeding and mother's education.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.

The authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Correlation between serum ∑BDE3 and handwipe ∑BDE3.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Allen JG, McClean MD, Stapleton HM, Webster TF. Critical factors in assessing exposure to PBDEs via house dust. Environ Internat. 2008a;34(8):1085–1091. - PubMed
    1. Allen JG, McClean MD, Stapleton HM, Webstert TF. Linking PBDEs in house dust to consumer products using X-ray fluorescence. Environl Sci Technol. 2008b;42(11):4222–4228. - PubMed
    1. Black K, Shalat SL, Freeman NCG, Jimenez M, Donnelly KC, Calvin JA. Children’s mouthing and food-handling behavior in an agricultural community on the US/Mexico border. J Expo Anal Environ Epidem. 2005;15(3):244–251. - PubMed
    1. Butt C, Wang D, Stapleton HM. Halogenated phenolic contaminants inhibit the in vitro activity of the thyroid-regulating deiodinases in human liver. Toxicol Sci. 2011;124(2):339–347. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Butte W, Heinzow B. Pollutants in house dust as indicators of indoor contamination. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2002;175:1–46. - PubMed

Publication types

Substances

LinkOut - more resources