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Review
. 2008 Jun 30;41(6):415-34.
doi: 10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.6.415.

Multiple roles of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C isozymes

Pann-Ghill Suh  1 , Jae-Il Park, Lucia Manzoli, Lucio Cocco, Joanna C Peak, Matilda Katan, Kiyoko Fukami, Tohru Kataoka, Sanguk Yun, Sung Ho Ryu
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Multiple roles of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C isozymes

Pann-Ghill Suh et al. BMB Rep. .
Free article

Abstract

Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C is an effector molecule in the signal transduction process. It generates two second messengers, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Currently, thirteen mammal PLC isozymes have been identified, and they are divided into six groups: PLC-beta, -gamma, -delta, -epsilon, -zeta and -eta. Sequence analysis studies demonstrated that each isozyme has more than one alternative splicing variant. PLC isozymes contain the X and Y domains that are responsible for catalytic activity. Several other domains including the PH domain, the C2 domain and EF hand motifs are involved in various biological functions of PLC isozymes as signaling proteins. The distribution of PLC isozymes is tissue and organ specific. Recent studies on isolated cells and knockout mice depleted of PLC isozymes have revealed their distinct phenotypes. Given the specificity in distribution and cellular localization, it is clear that each PLC isozyme bears a unique function in the modulation of physiological responses. In this review, we discuss the structural organization, enzymatic properties and molecular diversity of PLC splicing variants and study functional and physiological roles of each isozyme.

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