The spacecraft Phobos 1 and 2 were launched on 7 and 12 July 1988. The mission was to have three stages: investigations of the Sun and interplanetary space during the flight from Earth to Mars; studies of both Mars and Phobos during the orbit of the spacecraft around Mars; and studies of Phobos as the spacecraft approached to within 50 m of its surface. Contact with Phobos 1 was lost on 1 September 1988 and contact was also lost with Phobos 2 just before the third stage of the mission. This article introduces fourteen papers which cover the results of the second stage of the mission.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
199,00 € per year
only 3,90 € per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Sagdeev, R. Z., Balebanov, V. M. & Zakharov, A. V. Soviet Sci. Rev. E. Astrophys. Space Phys. 6, 1–60 (1988).
Kremnev, R. S., Rogovskyi, G. N. & Sukhanov, K. G. Sci. USSR 1(43), 2–8 (1988).
Avanesov, G. A. et al. Nature 341, 585–587 (1989).
Ksanfomalit, L. V. et al. Nature 341, 588–591 (1989).
Bibring, J.-P. et al. Nature 341, 591–593 (1989).
Selivanov, A. S. et al. Nature 341, 593–595 (1989).
Surkov, Yu. A. et al. Nature 341, 595–598 (1989).
Surkov, Yu. A. et al. Phobos, Space Res. Inst. 277–286 (1988).
Armand, N. A. et al. Phobos, Space Res. Inst 313–333 (1988).
Sagdeev, R. Z. et al. Phobos, Space Res. Inst. 220–230 (1988).
Hamelin, M. et al. Phobos, Space Res. Inst. 245–260 (1988).
Blamont, J. E. et al. Nature 341, 600–603 (1989).
Krasnopolsky, V. V. et al. Nature 341, 603–604 (1989).
Riedler, W. et al. Nature 341, 604–607 (1989).
Grard, R. et al. Nature 341, 607–609 (1989).
Lundin, R. et al. Nature 341, 609–612 (1989).
Rosenbauer, H. et al. Nature 341, 612–614 (1989).
Shutte, N. M. et al. Nature 341, 624–616 (1989).
Afonin, V. V. et al. Nature 341, 616–618 (1989).
Fröhlich, C. et al. Proc. Symposium Spain, 26–30 Sept. 1988, ESA SP-286 (1988).
Sobelman, I. I. et al. Preprint 241 (Labedev Institute, Moscow 1988).
Mitrofanov, I. G. et al. Preprint 1450 (Space Research Institute, Moscow 1988).
Mitrofanov, I. G. et al. Preprint 1497 (Space Research Institute, Moscow 1988).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sagdeev, R., Zakharov, A. Brief history of the Phobos mission. Nature 341, 581–585 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1038/341581a0
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/341581a0
