HITT RF Remote Login Procedure:
Cryogenics
Spring 2010
Phy 4550 (section 1329)
Phy 6555C (sections 1339 and 8890)
The radio channel number for this room is 07 (zero, seven).
It is STRONGLY recommended to login your remote for every class just
to be sure it is on the correct radio channel and working before class.
1.
Tuesday/Thursday (5:10 pm to 6:25 pm) Rm 1002 NPB
2.
Right after Physics Colloquium
3.
Gary G. Ihas
[email protected]
352-392-9244
2253 NPB
4.
PRESS AND HOLD THE DOWN ARROW KEY until the
GREEN light on the remote turns RED.
PRESS THE 0 KEY and you will see the RED light flash
GREEN.
PRESS THE 7 KEY and you will see the RED light flash
GREEN.
PRESS AND RELEASE THE DOWN ARROW KEY again
and you will see the red light search for the receiver, if it
BLINKS GREEN MULTIPLE TIMES you are logged in.
Milestones in Civilization
Welcome to the Wonderful
World of Cryogenics
HITT student response system
I am a:
A. Physics Major
B. Physics Graduate Student
C. Engineering Student (Grad or Undergrad)
D. Otherwise engaged
Natural Ice
Artificial Ice Machine
Ice comes from.
From the Simpsons featuring the cultivation of ice from the
North Pole. When the ice deliveryman arrives at the Quik - E
Mart with his cargo, he says to Apu, youve got to start
charging more than a dollar a bag. We lost four more men on
this expedition! to which Apu replies, If you can think of a
better way to get ice Id like to hear it.
Invented by John Gorrie-1850
Rotunda-Washington DC
Cold Beer
If the ice crop was poor, the price rose to the exorbitant rate of $1.25 a pound. In
todays dollar this price corresponds to over $150 for a typical 3lb bag of ice (3).
Then
Now
1873
Carl von Linde
dimethyl ether refrigerant--made Spatenbrau beer
LOX-1877
French
Louis Paul Cailletet (5)
Raoul Pictet (4)
Polish
Cailletet & Pictets oxygen liquefaction process (5)
Space Shuttle Main Engine (1)
Dewar Flask
Jules Violle in 1882
Father of Rocketry
Dewars improvement in 1892?
Vacuum insulation and silvering
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky 1903
Identified LH2 and LOX as the respective fuel and oxidizer of
choice, and also suggested use of multi-stage rockets
Liquefaction of helium - 1908
Blood Storage and Handling
Kamerlingh Onne in Leiden
Joule-Thomson Effect
Samuel C. Collins - 1947
In 1915, Dr. Richard Weil discovered that
refrigeration in conjunction with citration (to prevent
blood clotting) allowed for the storage of blood for
several days. Until then, blood transfusions needed to
be made directly from donor to recipient. Refrigerated
Percipitation of blood also developed.
Gas Flow
Cryostat
cross-section
Heat exchanger
Cryogenics and Rocketry
Freon Refrigerants
halogenated hydrocarbon
Formerly used toxic refrigerants included ammonia, butane,
methyl chloride (or bromide), and sulfur dioxide
Charles Kettering and Thomas Midgle invented the non-toxic
freons in about 1935
Robert H. Goddard - 1926-41 feet
V2 Rocket Herman Oberth
Wernher von Braun
Cryo-coolers
Satellites-1957
Based on Sterling engine, first introduced to cryogenics
at 1956 Cryogenic Engineering Conference by
J.W.L.Kohler
Cryonics
Cryogenics in Creating New Life
Cryo-preserve sperm, oocytes, and embryos
Basil Luyet published a work titled Life and Death at
Low Temperatures
Maglev using Cryogenics
Meisner Effect
What cryogen was used in the
manufacture of beer?
A. Helium
B. Nitrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Neon
E. Dimethyl Ether
Cryo-Disasters: Life at CERN
What was the nationality of the
first workers to liquefy Oxygen?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Large Hadron Collider
USA
British
French
Polish
Russian
4-6 tons of liquid helium escaped
Two of the most severely broken interconnects, which are between the magnets in LHC
sectors 3 and 4. The superconducting magnets, used to direct and focus the proton
beams in the experiment, are cooled by liquid helium. An electrical fault caused the
liquid helium to leak, resulting in a need for repairs that has put the experiment out of
action until at least summer 2009.
Site of the electrical fault that caused the helium leak. A resistive zone
developed in one of the electrical connections, creating an electrical arc
that punctured one of the helium enclosures around a magnet, according
to an analysis by CERN. The warming helium expanded in the vacuum
enclosure of the central subsector of the pipe, damaging the vacuum
Magnets weighing 10s of tons moved
Damage to the support of one of the quadrupole magnets in sectors 3 to 4. The LHC
uses quadrupole magnets to focus opposing proton beams, and dipole magnets to keep
the beams on their respective paths.
The Fault?
barriers separating the central subsector from the neighboring subsectors.
Investigations have shown that a faulty electrical connection between two magnets
(shown in red) was the cause of the incident in sector 3-4 of the LHC on 19 September.
