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Home / Class 9 - Total Geography Morning Star / Insolation

CONTENTS
Search by lesson title Chapter 13
Insolation
Choose the correct option
Chapter 1 Short Answer Questions
Earth as a Planet
Class 9 - Total Geography Morning Star Distinguish between each of
the following
Chapter 2
Geographic Grid: Latitudes and Structured Questions
Longitudes Thinking Skills

Chapter 3
Rotation and Revolution

Chapter 4
Earth's Structure

Chapter 5
Landforms of the Earth
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Rocks

Chapter 7
Volcanoes

Chapter 8
Earthquakes Including text, images and tables.
Chapter 9
Weathering

Chapter 10 Sign up
Denudation

Chapter 11
Hydrosphere

Chapter 12
Composition and Structure of the
Atmosphere

Chapter 13
Insolation

Chapter 14

Choose the correct option

Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

Chapter 15
Humidity

Chapter 16
Pollution Question 1
Chapter 17
Sources of Pollution
The sun continuously radiates heat and
Chapter 18
Effects of Pollution
light energy in all the directions known as:
Chapter 19
Preventive Measures

Chapter 20 1. Energy radiation

Natural Regions of the World

2. Solar radiation
3. Sun radiation
4. Heat and light radiation

Answer

Solar radiation

Question 2
Assertion (A): Heat absorption capacity of
air is more in the lower layers than in
upper layers.

Reason (R): Air on the surface of the

earth is denser and contains more carbon
dioxide, water vapour and other gases.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the

correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R does not
explain A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct

explanation of A.

Explanation — Air on the surface of the

earth is denser and contains more carbon
dioxide, water vapour and other gases.
Hence, its heat absorption capacity is
more in the lower layers than in upper
layers where its density is less.

Question 3

The solar energy received by the earth is

called:

1. Radiation
2. Insolation
3. Greenhouse radiation
4. Precipitation radiation

Answer

Insolation

Question 4

The heat radiated by the earth in the form

of long waves is called:

1. Terrestrial radiation
2. Heat balance
3. Conduction
4. Convection

Answer

Terrestrial radiation

Question 5

When both incoming radiation and

outgoing radiation are balanced, it is
called:

1. Convection
2. Terrestrial radiation
3. Heat balance
4. Conduction

Answer

Heat balance

Question 6
Of the insolation, 35% is reflected by the
atmosphere; how much reaches the
earth's surface?

1. 14%
2. 51%
3. 35%
4. 34%

Answer

51%

Question 7

Conduction : ............... :: Convection :

............... .

1. direct contact; circulatory motion

2. circulatory motion, direct contact
3. absorption, transference
4. transference, absorption

Answer

direct contact; circulatory motion

Question 8

The atmosphere is warmed by A% of

insolation and B% of terrestrial radiation
regulating earth's temperature preventing
extremes of temperature.

1. A : 14; B : 34
2. A : 35; B: 35
3. A : 14; B : 48
4. A : 51; B: 17

Answer

A : 14; B : 34

Question 9

The height of a place above the mean sea

level:

1. Latitude
2. Altitude
3. Height
4. Sea level height

Answer

Altitude

Question 10

Land : ............... :: Water : ............... .

1. circulation, convection
2. currents, breeze
3. conduction , convection
4. circulation, circumvention

Answer

conduction , convection

Question 11

Sea breeze : daytime :: land breeze :

............... .

1. daytime
2. night time
3. dawn
4. dusk

Answer

night time

Question 12

The increase in temperature in valleys:

1. Mountain breeze
2. Normal Lapse Rate
3. Inversion of temperature
4. Valley Breeze

Answer

Valley Breeze
Short Answer Questions

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Question 1

What is solar radiation? What is its

significance for the Earth?

Answer
The Sun continuously radiates heat and
light energy in all the directions. It is
known as solar radiation.

Solar radiation is the only primary source

of light and heat on the Earth.

Question 2

What is meant by insolation? State two of

its main characteristics.

Answer

The amount of solar energy received by

the Earth is called insolation.

Two main characteristics of insolation

are-

1. The Sun's energy reaches the Earth

as short wave rays.
2. Out of the total 100% solar energy,
only 51% reaches the Earth, 35% is
reflected back into space and only
14% is absorbed by the atmospheric
layers including the ozone during
insolation.

Question 3

State two advantages of convectional

heating of the atmosphere.

Answer

Two advantages of convectional heating

of the atmosphere are-
1. Convection currents in the
atmosphere cause sea breeze.
During the day, the air over land
becomes warmer and rises. Cool air
from oceans moves in to take its
place causing sea breeze.
2. At night, land breeze happens due to
the opposite of this. Land surface
gets cooled more quickly than the
ocean surface. Air over land flows
towards the ocean causing land
breeze.

Question 4

Name four factors that affect the

temperature of a place.

Answer

Four factors that affect the temperature

of a place are-

1. Latitude of a place
2. Altitude of a place
3. Distance from the sea
4. Slope of the land

Question 5

State the pattern of temperature in mid

latitudes.

Answer
Due to spherical shape of the Earth, mid
latitudes get less insolation resulting in
moderate climate with normal
temperature ranging from 15°C to 30°C.
The duration of sunshine is greater in
summer than winter. So the summer is
warm and winter is cold.

Question 6

What difference is there in the

temperatures on a mountain and on a sea
shore?

Answer

Temperature keeps on decreasing with

increase in altitude. There is a fall of 1°C
in temperature on climbing every 166
metres. Hence, the temperature on a
mountain is lower than the temperature
on a sea shore.

Question 7

Why is India cooler in December than in

July?

Answer

The Tropic of Cancer passes mid-way

across India. On June 21, the rays of the
Sun falls directly over the Tropic of
Cancer as the North Pole get tilted
towards the Sun. The southern
hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun
during this time. Hence, July is hot.

On December 22nd, the Southern

Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun and
the Sun rays fall vertically over the Tropic
of Capricorn, while the Northern
Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun.
So, India, which lies in the Northern
Hemisphere experience winters in
December.
Distinguish between each of the
following

Question 1

Insolation and Terrestrial Radiation

Answer
Terrestrial
Insolation
Radiation

The heat radiated

The amount of
by the Earth in the
solar energy
form of long
received by the
waves is called
Earth is called
terrestrial
insolation.
radiation.

Terrestrial
The Sun's
radiation is
energy reaches
radiated in the
the Earth as
form of long
short waves.
waves.

Question 2

Land breeze and sea breeze

Answer

Land breeze Sea breeze

It blows from land It blows from

to sea. sea to land.

It blows during
It blows at night.
day time.

It is dry and does

It is laden with
not contain much
moisture.
moisture.

It generally has no It moderates the

effect on climate of the
temperature. coastal parts.
Structured Questions

Question 1(a)

How is 'heat balance' achieved?

Answer

The atmosphere absorbs 34 units of the

Earth's radiation, but it absorbs only 14
units of the Sun's incoming radiation.
Thus, the atmosphere is heated more by
terrestrial radiation given out by the Earth
than by the incoming insolation from the
Sun.

At night, the atmosphere acts as a

greenhouse and keeps the Earth's
surface warm by preventing the terrestrial
radiation from escaping into space.
During the day, the atmosphere absorbs
14% of insolation and thus regulates
temperature on Earth.

Question 1(b)

State how latitude affects the

temperature of a place.

Answer

The temperature of a place depends on

the latitude of a place as temperature
decreases with increase in latitude on
either side of the equator due to the
spherical shape of the Earth and its
annual revolution around the Sun.

Also, the mid day Sun is almost overhead

within the tropics but at oblique angles
outside the tropics.

Question 1(c)

Give a reason for each of the following:

(i) North India has a greater range of

temperature than South India.

(ii) The temperature of Delhi is less than

that of Chennai in December.

(iii) Desert areas experience a high day

temperature and a much lower night
temperature.

Answer
(i) North India lies away from the water
bodies and experiences continental type
of climate whereas South India being
near the water bodies experiences
maritime climate. Also, North India comes
in temperate zone as it lies towards the
north of Tropic of Cancer whereas South
India falls in Torrid Zone towards the
south of Tropic of Cancer. Due to these
reasons, North India has a greater range
of temperature than South India.

(ii) The temperature of Delhi is less than

that of Chennai in December because
Delhi lies beyond the Tropic of Cancer, in
the Temperate zone. So in December, it
receives slanting rays of the sun. But
Chennai is located in Torrid zone and
hence, it receives vertical rays of the sun
throughout the year. Therefore, the
temperature of Delhi is lesser during the
December.

(iii) Desert areas experience a high day

temperature and a much lower night
temperature because desert areas are
covered with sand. The physical property
of the sand is to get heated up quickly
and cool down abruptly. So, the day
temperature is very high and the night
temperature is very low.

Question 1(d)
Draw a well labelled diagram to show the
Heat Budget of the Earth.

Answer

Below labelled diagram shows the Heat

Budget of the Earth:

Question 2(a)

State the five temperature zones of the

Earth.

Answer

The five temperature zones of the Earth

are-

1. Torrid Zone
2. North Temperate Zone
3. South Temperate Zone
4. North Frigid Zone
5. South Frigid Zone

Question 2(b)

Explain the Normal Lapse Rate.

Answer

The rate of decrease of temperature with

height is about 6°C per km above the sea
level, so on climbing every 166 metres,
there is a fall of 1°C in temperature. It is
known as Normal Lapse Rate.

Question 2(c)

Give a reason for each of the following:

(i) Distance from the sea affects the

temperature of a place.

(ii) Land is heated and cooled faster than

the sea.

(iii) The ports of the western coast of

Europe remain ice-free during winter.

Answer

(i) Distance from the sea affects the

temperature of a place as the sea breeze
blowing from the sea towards the land
cools the coastal regions during the day.
At night, the land breeze makes the sea
cooler. This interchange of breeze
maintains the heat balance. Hence, the
areas close to the sea have a lower daily
and annual ranges of temperatures and
enjoy a moderate climate than the areas
lying in the interior.

(ii) Land is heated and cooled faster than

the sea because water is mobile and the
warm water mixes easily with the cold
water and is neither heated nor cooled
quickly. On the other hand, the Sun's rays
heat a piece of land more rapidly
because unlike water, the heat obtained
by the area remains confined to that area
and does not mix with other areas of land.

(iii) The ports of the western coast of

Europe remain ice-free during winter due
to the warm effect of the Gulf Stream and
North Atlantic Drift.

Question 2(d)

Draw a well labelled diagram showing

that the vertical rays are hotter than
slanting rays.

Answer

Below labelled diagram shows that the

vertical rays are hotter than slanting rays:

Question 3(a)

How does the distance from the sea

affect the distribution of temperature?
Answer

Distance from the sea affects the

temperature of a place as the sea breeze
blowing from the sea towards the land
cools the coastal regions during the day.
At night, the land breeze makes the sea
cooler. This interchange of breeze
maintains the heat balance. Hence, the
areas close to the sea have a lower daily
and annual ranges of temperatures and
enjoy a moderate climate than the areas
lying in the interior.

Question 3(b)

How would the breezes that blow during

the day and those that blow during the
night affect the temperature of a place
situated in the coastal region?

Answer

During the day the sea breeze blowing

towards the land from the sea keeps the
coastal region cool and during the night
the land breeze blowing from the land
towards the sea makes the sea cooler.

This interchange of breeze maintains the

heat balance. Hence, the areas close to
the sea have a lower daily and annual
ranges of temperatures and enjoy a
moderate climate than the areas lying in
the interior.
Question 3(c)

Give a reason for each of the following:

(i) Higher the latitude, lower is the

temperature.

(ii) The vertical rays of the Sun give more

insolation than the slanting rays.

(iii) A desert region has a high range of

temperature than a forest region.

Answer

(i) At higher latitudes, the rays of the Sun

fall in an oblique way. Oblique rays not
only travel a longer distance, but also
heat a larger area. Thus, they have less
heating power. Hence, with higher
latitudes, the temperature goes on
decreasing.

(ii) The vertical rays of the Sun give more

insolation than the slanting rays because
vertical rays travel a shorter distance and
heat up a smaller surface area leading to
higher temperatures whereas slanting
rays not only travel a longer distance, but
also heat a larger area. Thus, they have
less heating power.

(iii) Hot deserts have no cloud cover,

which allows high insolation during the
day and rapid loss of heat due to
terrestrial radiation at night resulting in
high range of temperature. On the other
hand, forests absorb 90% insolation and
the solar energy absorbed by plants is
used in the process of transpiration
resulting in low range of temperature.

Question 3(d)

Draw a well labelled diagram to show the

land and sea breeze.

Answer

Below labelled diagram shows the land

and sea breeze:

Thinking Skills
Question 1

Solar radiation is the only primary source

of light and heat on the earth. But only
51% of solar energy reaches the earth.
What would happen if the entire solar
energy reaches the earth? Give reasons
to support your answer.

Answer

If the entire solar energy were to reach

the Earth instead of just 51%, there would
be several significant consequences.
Here are some reasons to support this
answer:

1. Increased Temperature — The Earth's

surface would experience a
significant increase in temperature.
The additional solar energy would
lead to a substantial rise in average
global temperatures, resulting in
hotter climates worldwide. This
increase in temperature could have
far-reaching effects on ecosystems,
weather patterns, and human
habitats.
2. Ecosystem Disruption — The
increased solar energy would disrupt
ecosystems and ecological balances.
Many species have evolved to adapt
to the existing amount of solar
radiation. A sudden influx of
additional energy could lead to shifts
in vegetation patterns, changes in
animal behavior and migration
patterns, and the disruption of
delicate ecological relationships.
3. Water Cycle Changes — The
increased solar energy would
accelerate the water cycle. Higher
temperatures would lead to
increased evaporation rates, which
would result in more moisture in the
atmosphere. This, in turn, could
intensify precipitation, leading to
more frequent and intense rainfall,
storms, and even extreme weather
events like hurricanes.
4. Impact on Human Health — The
amplified solar radiation could have
adverse effects on human health.
Increased exposure to ultraviolet (UV)
radiation could lead to a higher
incidence of skin cancer, cataracts,
and other UV-related health issues. It
would necessitate enhanced sun
protection measures and a
heightened risk awareness.
5. Energy Overload — The Earth's
energy systems would face
challenges in handling the excess
solar energy. Our current energy
infrastructure is designed to
accommodate the amount of solar
energy that reaches the Earth. If the
energy input were to increase
drastically, it could strain power grids,
transmission lines, and other energy-
related infrastructure, requiring
significant upgrades and
modifications.
6. Climate Instability — The sudden
influx of solar energy would disrupt
the delicate balance of Earth's
climate system. It could potentially
trigger feedback loops that amplify
the warming effect, leading to a
runaway greenhouse effect. This
could result in further temperature
increases, exacerbating climate
change and its associated
consequences.

Question 2

Do you think Greenhouse Gases affect

earth's heat budget? Give examples to
support your answer.

Answer

Yes, Greenhouse Gases affect the Earth's

heat budget as can be understood by the
following examples:

1. Greenhouse Effect — Greenhouse

gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2)
and methane (CH4), trap heat from
the sun, preventing it from escaping
back into space.
2. Increased Temperatures — The
presence of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere leads to an increase in
average global temperatures,
contributing to global warming.
3. Climate Change — The buildup of
greenhouse gases alters the balance
of the Earth's heat budget, resulting
in changes in climate patterns,
including temperature shifts and
extreme weather events.
4. Human Activities — Human activities,
like burning fossil fuels and
deforestation, release large amounts
of greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere, intensifying the
greenhouse effect and impacting the
Earth's heat budget.
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