Estimation in Civil Engineering
Introduction
Estimation is the backbone of every construction project. Before a single brick is laid, before a single bag of cement is
purchased, the engineer, architect, and client must know: How much will it cost? How much material will be required?
How long will it take?
This process of forecasting the cost, quantity, and resources of a project is known as Estimation.
It is not just about adding numbers; it is a decision-making tool that guides budgeting, tendering, and project execution.
An accurate estimate ensures that the project is feasible, profitable, and well-planned, while an inaccurate one can
cause heavy financial losses, disputes, and even project failure.
Definition
Estimation in civil engineering is the calculation of the probable quantities and costs of different items of work in a
project, based on drawings, specifications, and market rates.
In simple words:
Estimation is the art of calculating “How much” and “How many” before actually constructing.
Objectives of Estimation
1. To Determine Cost of Work – Approximate total expenditure for the client.
2. To Prepare Budget – Helps in financial planning and loan requirements.
3. For Tendering – Contractors use estimates to submit bids.
4. For Resource Planning – To know how much cement, steel, bricks, and labor will be required.
5. To Avoid Wastage – Proper estimation reduces over-ordering and under-ordering.
6. For Comparison of Alternatives – Example: RCC vs Steel structure, or vitrified tiles vs marble flooring.
Types of Estimates
1. Preliminary or Rough Estimate
o Made at the early stage to check project feasibility.
o Based on plinth area, cubic content, or unit rates.
2. Detailed Estimate
o Prepared after drawings are ready.
o Includes quantities, BOQ (Bill of Quantities), rate analysis, and specifications.
o Used for tendering and execution.
3. Revised Estimate
o When project scope or cost changes.
4. Supplementary Estimate
o For additional works not included in the original project.
5. Annual Repair & Maintenance Estimate
o For recurring works like painting, plaster repairs, road resurfacing.
