Class:IX
Science syllabus sheet
Lesson -2 MOTION (science-1 )
Answer briefly.
1. Define velocity.
Ans:Velocity is the rate of change of
displacement. It is the displacement in
unit time. It is a vector quantity.
The SI unit of velocity is ms–1.
Velocity = Displacement / Time taken
2. Distinguish distance and
displacement.
Ans:
Distance Displacement
The actual It is defined as
length of the the change in
path travelled position of
bya moving amoving body in
body a particular
irrespective of direction.
the direction
iscalled the
distance
travelled by the
body.
It is a scalar It is a
quantity having vectorquantity
magnitude having both
only. magnitude and
direction.
It is measured It is also
in metre in SI measured in
system. metre in SI
system.
3. What do you mean by uniform
motion?
Ans:An object is said to be in uniform
motion if it covers equal distances in
equal intervals of time how so ever big
or small these time intervals may be.
4. Compare speed and velocity.
Ans:
Speed Velocity
Speed Velocity is
is the the rate of
rate of change of
chang displacem
e of ent. It is
distan the
ce or displacem
the ent in unit
distan time.
ce
travell
ed in
unit
time.
It is a It is a
scalar vector
quantit quantity.T
y. The he SI unit
SI unit of velocity
of is ms–1.
speed
is ms–
1
.
Speed Velocity =
= Displacem
Distan ent / Time
ce taken
travell
ed /
Time
taken
5. What do you understand about
negative acceleration?
Ans:If v < u, i.e. If final velocity is less
than initial velocity, the velocity
decreases with time and the value of
acceleration is negative. It is called
negative acceleration.
6. Is the uniform circular motion
accelerated? Give reasons for your
answer.
Ans:When an object is moving with a
constant speed along a circular path, the
change in velocity is only due to the
change in direction. Hence it is
accelerated motion.
7. What is meant by uniform circular
motion? Give two examples of
uniform circular motion.
Ans:When an object moves with
constant speed along a circular path, the
motion is called uniform circular
motion.
Example :
The earth moves around the sun in
the uniform circular motion.
The moon moves in uniform circular
motion around the earth.
VII. Answer in detail.
1. Derive the equations of motion by
graphical method.
Ans: Newton studied the motion of an
object andgave a set of three equations.
v = u + at
s = ut + 1 ⁄ 2 at2
v2= u2+ 2as
Let us try to derive these equations by
graphical method.
The initial velocity of the object = u =
OD = EA
The final velocity of the object = v =
OC = EB
Time = t = OE = DA
From the graph we know that, AB = DC
First equation of motion
By definition, Acceleration= Change in
velocity / Time
a= (Final velocity – Initial
velocity)/Time
= (OC – OD) / OE
= DC / OE
a = DC / t
at = DC
DC = AB = at
From the graph EB = EA + AB
v = u + at
Second equation of motion
From the graph the distance covered by
the object during time, t is given by the
area of quadrangle DOEB
s = Area of the quadrangle DOEB
s= Area of the rectangle DOEA + Area
of the triangle DAB
s= (l×b) + (1 /2×b×h)
= (AE × OE) + (1/2 × AB × DA)
s = ut + 1⁄2 at2
Third equation of motion
The distance covered by object during
time, t is given by the area ofthe
quadrangle DOEB. Here, DOEB is
atrapezium. Then,
s = Area of trapezium DOEB
= 1⁄2 × Sum of length of parallel side
×Distance between parallel sides
= 1⁄2 × (OD + BE) × OE
s = 1⁄2 × (u + v) × t
Since, a= (v – u) / t from equation 1
therefore t = (v – u)/a
s = 1⁄2 × (v + u) × (v – u)/a
2as=(v + u) × (v – u)
2as = v 2– u2
v2 = u2+ 2 as
2. Explain different types of motion.
Ans:Different types ofmotions are
classified below.
1. Linear motion: Motion along a
straight line.
2. Circular motion: Motion along a
circular path.
3. Oscillatory motion: Repetitive to
and fro motion of an object at regular
intervals of time.
4. Random motion: Motion of the
object which does not fall in any of the
above categories.
5. Uniform motion: An object is said
to be in uniform motion if it covers
equal distances in equal intervals of
time howsoever big or small these time
intervals may be.
6. Non-uniform motion: An object is
said to be in non-uniform motion if it
covers unequal distances in unequal
intervals of time.
VIII. Exercise Problems:
1.A ball is gently dropped from a height
of 20 m. If its velocity increases
uniformly at the rate of 10ms-2, with
what velocity will it strike the ground?
After what time will it strike the
ground?
Answer:
Here we have
Initial velocity, u = 0
Distance, s = 20 m
Acceleration, a = 10 m/s2
Final velocity, v = ?
Time, t = ?
a) Calculation of final velocity, v
We know that, v2 = u2 + 2as
v2 = 0 + 2 × 10m/s2 × 20m
v2 = 400m2/s2
=400m2/s2−−−−−−−−√
v = 20m/s
b) Calculation of time, t
We know that, v = u + at
20 m/s = 0 + 10m/s2 × t
∴ Ball will strike the ground at a
t = 20m/s220m/s=2s
velocity of 20 ms-1
Time taken to reach the ground = 2s.
2.An athlete completes one round of a
circular track of diameter 200 m in 40 s.
What will be the distance covered and
the displacement at the end of 2 m and
20 s?
Answer:
Here we have
∴ Radius = 200 m/2 = 100 m
Diameter = 200. m
Time of one rotation = 40 s
Time after 2m 20 s = 2 × 60 s +20 s =
140 s
Distance after 140 s = ?
Displacement after 140 s = ?
Circular track with a diameter of 200m
We know that, velocity
a) Distance after 140 s
We know that, distance = velocity ×
time
= Distance 15.7 rn/s × 140 s
= 2198m
b) Displacement after 2 min 20 s i.e,
in 140 s
We know that, distance = velocity ×
time
∴ Rotation in 1 s = 140
Since, rotation in 40 s = 1
∴ Rotation in 140 s = 140×140=3.5
∴ In 3.5 rotation athlete will be just
at the opposite side of the circular
track,
i.e. at a distance equal to the
diameter of the circular track which
∴ Distance covered in 2min 20 s =
is equal to 200m
2198 m
Displacement after 2min 20 5 = 200
m.
3.A racing car has a uniform
acceleration of 4ms-2. What distance it
covers in 10s after the start?
Answer:
Here we have
Acceleration, a = 4 m/s2.
Initial velocity u = 0
Time t = 10 s
Distance (s) covered =?
We know that, s = ut + 12 at2
s = (0 × 10s) + [12 × 4 m/s2 × (10 s)2]
= 12 × 4 m/s2 × 100 s2
= 2 × 100 m = 200 m
Thus, racing car will cover a distance of
200 m after start in 10s with given
acceleration.
