©2023 TVET CDACC
071506T4MTP
MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY (PRODUCTION) LEVEL 6
ENG/OS/ME/CC/4/06/A
APPLY FLUID MECHANICS PRINCIPLES
July/Aug 2023
TVET CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT, ASSESSMENT AND CERTIFICATION
COUNCIL (TVET CDACC)
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WRITTEN ASSESSMENT
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Time: 3 Hours
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. This paper has TWO sections: A and B.
2. You are provided with a separate answer booklet.
3. Marks for each question are as indicated.
4. Do not write on the question paper.
This paper consists of FOUR (4) printed pages with 14 questions.
Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all pages are
printed as indicated and that no questions are missing
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©2023 TVET CDACC
SECTION A: (40 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section.
1. Highlight FOUR minor energy losses in fluid flow through pipes. (4 Marks)
2. List TWO formulae that are used to calculate the loss of head due to friction in pipe flow.
(2 Marks)
3. Outline FOUR characteristics of a laminar flow. (4 Marks)
4. Define the following terminologies as applied in viscous flow:
a) Co-efficient of viscosity, (2 Marks)
b) kinematic viscosity. (2 Marks)
5. Briefly explain the term dimensional analysis. (4 Marks)
6. Identify and define any FOUR physical quantities as used in fluid mechanics. (4 Marks)
7. Describe the following dimensionless groups:
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a) Reynolds number; (2 Marks)
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b) Mach number; (2 Marks)
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c) Froude number. (2 Marks)
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8. Define the following as used in reciprocating pumps:
a) coefficient of discharge
b) percentage slip (4 Marks)
9. Define the following heads as used in centrifugal pumps:
a) effective head
b) manometric head (4 Marks)
10. Define the following efficiencies used in centrifugal pumps.
a) manometric efficiency
b) mechanical efficiency (4 Marks)
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Page 2 of 4
©2023 TVET CDACC
SECTION B: (60 MARKS)
Answer any three questions in this section.
11.
a) Show that discharge Q of a fluid of dynamic viscosity µ, flowing under steady conditions
through a horizontal circular pipe of diameter d, length L, with a mean velocity V, when
the pressure difference between the ends is P, is given by the expression:
32µ𝐿𝑉
Q= (15 Marks)
𝑑2
b) Oil of viscosity 0.048kg/ms flows through a 25 mm diameter pipe with a mean velocity of
0.3 m/s, determine the:
i. pressure drop over a length of 30 m;
ii. velocity at a distance of 6 mm from the wall of the pipe. (5 Marks)
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12.
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a) Show that the head lost due to friction in a horizontal pipe of uniform cross section is
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4𝑓𝐿𝑉 2
ℎ𝑓 =
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given by ;
2𝑔𝑑
Where ℎ𝑓 = loss of head due to friction,
V = velocity of flow,
L = length of pipe,
g = gravitational acceleration,
d = diameter of the pipe,
f = coefficient of friction. (10 Marks)
b) Water flows through a pipe of diameter 300 mm with a velocity of 5 m/s. If the coefficient
0.08
of friction is given by 𝑓 = 0.015 + , where 𝑅𝑒 is the Reynolds number?
𝑅𝑒 0.3
Determine the head lost due to friction for a length of 10 m.
Take kinematic viscosity of water as 0.0001m2/s (10 Marks)
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Page 3 of 4
©2023 TVET CDACC
13.
a) State Buckingham’s π theorem. (2 Marks)
b) Show that the power P developed in a water turbine can be expressed as:
𝐷 𝜌𝑁𝐷2 𝑁𝐷
𝑃 = 𝜌𝐷5 𝑁 3 𝑓 [ , , ];
𝐵 µ √𝑔𝐻
Where D = diameter of the runner,
B = width of the runner,
N = speed in revolutions per minute,
H = head,
µ = coefficient of dynamic viscosity,
ρ = mass density of the liquid. (18 Marks)
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14. A single –acting reciprocating pump, running at 50 rpm delivers 0.00736 m3/s of water. The
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diameter of the piston is 200 mm and stroke length is 300 mm. The suction and delivery heads are
3.5 m and 11.5 m respectively. Determine:
a) theoretical discharge; (5 Marks)
b) coefficient of discharge; (5 Marks)
c) percentage slip of the pump; (5 Marks)
d) power required to run the pump. (5 Marks)
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