EXAMINATIONS ADMINISTERED BY THE

SCOTTISH QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY

ON BEHALF OF THE
MARITIME AND COASTGUARD AGENCY

034-84 - STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

STCW 95 OFFICER IN CHARGE OF NAVIGATIONAL WATCH REG. 11/1 (UNLIMITED)

PAST PAPERS - SECTION A - JULY 2005 TO MAY 2024

2024/25
INTRODUCTION
The Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) is a national accreditation and awarding body.
To qualify for issue of a Certificate of Competency as an Officers in charge of a
Navigational Watch (OOW) ‘unlimited’, you must pass SQA OOW written examinations at
an approved SQA centre in the following subjects.

- Navigation (examination 034 – 83)

- Stability & Operations (examination 034 – 84)

The SQA OOW written examinations must be passed within 3 years prior to the date of the
issue of your Certificate of Competency. Subject grades are related to percentage marks
as follows.

Grade Percentage The required percentage pass marks for subject examinations
Number Marks and for each respective subject section are as follows;
1 80 - 100
2 70 – 79 Navigation (aggregated) 60% (grade 4)
3 65 – 69 - Section A (minimum mark) 70% (28 out of 40)
4 60 – 64 - Section B (minimum mark) 33% (20 out of 60)
5 55 – 59
6 50 – 54 Stability & Operations (aggregated) 50% (grade 6)
7 45 – 49 - Section A (minimum mark) 40% (20 out of 50)
8 40 – 44 - Section B (minimum mark) 40% (20 out of 50)
9 30 – 39
10 0 - 29

It is possible to score a pass grade but fail a subject because the minimum mark for a
particular section has not been achieved.

Candidates are required to achieve examination passes in BOTH subjects at one

examination diet.

In the following cases candidates will be permitted to ‘carry forward’ a subject pass for a
period of 12 months (PASS CF).

- Where a candidate achieves a pass mark of at least 10% higher than the minimum
pass mark.

OR

- Where a candidate achieves a pass result in a particular subject in two successive

examination attempts.

AND

- In addition, a candidate in either of the above categories must achieve at least 30% in
the failed subject.

Candidates that pass a subject but do not meet the above criteria will receive ‘PASS NO
CF’. Candidates who fail to pass the other subject within the 12 months will require to re-
sit both written examinations.

Page 1
‘OLD’ STABILITY & OPERATIONS SYLLABUS
The following is an extract of MIN 198 (M). This syllabus is valid until, and including, the
February 2025 exam diet.

Hydrostatics
a) Defines mass, volume, density, relative density, Archimedes principle, FWA, DWA,
TPC
b) Determines TPC and displacement at varying draughts using hydrostatic tables
c) Calculates small and large changes in displacement making appropriate use of
either TPC or displacement tables
d) Defines Waterline length, LBP, Freeboard, Waterplane Area, CW, and CB
e) Calculates the weight to load or discharge to obtain given small changes in draught
or freeboard
f) Explains the reasons for loadlines and loadline zones
g) Calculates weight to load or discharge in relation to loadline dimensions,
appropriate marks, TPC, FWA and DWA

Statical Stability at Small Angles

a) Defines centre of gravity, centre of buoyancy, initial transverse metacentre and
initial metacentric height (GM)
b) Calculates righting moments given GM and displacement
c) Explains stable, neutral and unstable equilibrium
d) Explains the relationship between equilibrium and the angle of loll
e) Identifies from a given GZ curve; range of stability, initial GM, max GZ, angle of
vanishing stability, angle of deck edge immersion, angle of loll and angle of list
f) Explains the difference between typical GZ curves for stiff and tender vessels
g) Sketches typical GZ curves for vessels at an angle of list or loll

Transverse Stability
a) Calculates shift of G, vertically and horizontally after loading/discharging/shifting
a weight
b) Calculates final KG or GM by moments about the keel after
loading/discharging/shifting weights including appropriate Free Surface Correction
c) Calculates distance of G horizontally from the centreline by moments about the
centreline after loading/discharging/shifting weights
d) Calculates the effect on stability of loading or discharging a weight using ships’
gear
e) Calculates the angle of list resulting from 3 a), 3b), 3c) and 3d)
f) Explains the difference between list and loll and methods of correction
g) Explains the consequences and dangers of a free surface
h) Explains that the free surface effect can be expressed as virtual rise of G or as a
free surface moment
i) Describes the effects on free surface of longitudinal subdivision of a tank

Longitudinal Stability
a) Defines LCF, LCG, LCB, AP, Trim, Trimming Moment and MCTC
b) Calculates the effect on draughts of loading, discharging and shifting weights
longitudinally by taking moments about the AP

Page 2
Maintaining a Deck Watch (alongside or at anchor)
a) Explains the duties of the deck watch with respect to security, safety, moorings
and cargo operations
b) Explains the procedures for entry to enclosed spaces and permit to work systems
c) Explains the emergency procedures in the event of fire or accident
d) Describes the preparation of the vessel for sea and adverse weather with respect
to watertight integrity and security of cargo
e) Describes how safe means of access to a vessel is achieved
f) Describes the methods available to ensure safe movement onboard ship

Pollution prevention
a) Describes the precautions and procedures required to ensure vessel operations,
including bunkering and garbage disposal, do not pollute the environment
b) Explains the procedures for handling hazardous substances onboard

Legislation
a) Outlines the operational requirements of the annexes to MARPOL and liability for
non-conformance
b) Outlines the principles and purpose of the ISM Code
c) Describes the legal status and purpose of COSWP, MGNs, MINs, MSNs

Notes
a) Formula sheets will be provided to candidates for the examination
b) The above MCA approved syllabus was prepared by the IAMI Deck Sub-group and
subsequently amended following consultation with all IAMI colleges in November
2002 through to June 2004.

Page 3
‘NEW’ STABILITY & OPERATIONS SYLLABUS
The following is valid from, and including, the March 2025 exam diet. This syllabus is
expected to be valid until, and including, the July 2028 exam diet.

1. Flotation, buoyancy and loadlines

a) Defines displacement, mass, volume, density, and relative density
b) Explains Archimedes’ principle and the law of flotation
c) Defines fresh water allowance (FWA), dock water allowance (DWA) and tonnes
per centimetre immersion (TPC)
d) Uses hydrostatic data to determine displacement and TPC for varying draughts
and water densities
e) Uses hydrostatic data to calculate small and large changes in displacement and
draught, making appropriate use of either TPC or displacement values
f) Defines forward perpendicular (FP), aft perpendicular (AP), length between
perpendiculars (LBP), amidships, length overall (LOA), waterline length (LWL),
draught and freeboard
g) Defines waterplane area, coefficient of fineness of the waterplane area (CW)
and block coefficient (CB)
h) Calculates the weight to load or discharge to obtain given small changes in
draught or freeboard
i) Calculates the weight loaded or discharged given small changes in draught or
freeboard
j) Explains the reasons for loadlines and loadline zones
k) Calculates weight to load or discharge in relation to loadline dimensions and
appropriate marks using FWA, DWA and TPC

2. Transverse stability
a) Defines centre of gravity (G), centre of buoyancy (B), initial transverse
metacentre (M), height of the initial transverse metacentre (KM), initial
transverse metacentric height (GM) and righting lever (GZ)
b) Calculates moment of statical stability (MSS) using displacement and GZ
c) Explains stable, neutral, unstable and listed conditions
d) Explains the relationship between equilibrium and the angle of loll
e) Identifies from a given curve of statical stability; condition of stability, range of
stability, initial GM, maximum GZ, angle of maximum GZ, angle of vanishing
stability, angle of deck edge immersion, angle of loll or angle of list
f) Explains stiff and tender conditions of loading making refence to the vessel roll
period and hazards associated with each condition
g) Sketches typical curves of statical stability for stiff/tender vessels
h) Sketches typical curves of statical stability indicating the items in 2e)
i) Calculates the shift of G vertically and horizontally after
loading/discharging/shifting weight, including the use of ship’s gear
j) Explains the shift of G vertically and horizontally after
loading/discharging/shifting weight, including the use of ship’s gear

Page 4
k) Calculates the final effective KG or GM after loading/discharging/shifting
weight, including the use of ship’s gear
l) Explains the change in effective KG or GM after loading/discharging/shifting
weight, including the use of ship’s gear
m) Calculates the angle of list resulting from 3i) and 3k)
n) Calculates weights to load/discharge/shift to sail upright
o) Explains the difference between the angle of list and the angle of loll, and the
methods of correction
p) Explains that free surface effect can be expressed as a virtual rise of G or as a
free surface moment
q) Explains the consequences and dangers of a free surface
r) Describes the effects of density and/or longitudinal subdivision on free surface
effects

3. Longitudinal stability
a) Defines arithmetic mean draught (AMD), true mean draught (TMD), longitudinal
centre of flotation (LCF), longitudinal centre of gravity (LCG), longitudinal
centre of buoyancy (LCB), trim, trimming moment, and moment to change trim
a centimetre (MCTC)
b) Calculates TMD
c) Calculates final draughts after loading/discharging/shifting weight, for a vessel
initially on an even keel
d) Calculates final draughts after loading/discharging/shifting weight, for a vessel
initially trimmed
e) Calculates weight to transfer for a vessel to sail with a required trim and/or
under keel clearance.

4. Maintaining a Deck Watch in port, at anchor and at sea

a) Explains the duties of the officer of the watch on deck with respect to security,
safety, moorings, cargo operations, ballast water operations and hull stress
monitoring
b) Explains the procedures for entry to enclosed spaces and permit to work
systems
c) Describes the emergency procedures and contingency plans in the event of
marine casualties (fire, accident and pollution)
d) Describes the preparation of a vessel for sea and adverse weather with respect
to watertight and weather integrity
e) Describes how safe means of access to a vessel is achieved (including for pilots)
f) Describes the methods available to ensure safe movement onboard ship

Page 5
5. Pollution prevention
a) Describes the precautions and procedures required to ensure vessel operations
(including bunkering and garbage disposal) do not pollute the environment
b) Explains the procedures for handling dangerous, hazardous and harmful
substances onboard ship

6. Legislation
a) Outlines the operational requirements of the annexes to MARPOL and liability
for non-conformance
b) Outlines the principles and purpose of the ISM Code
c) Describes the legal status and purpose of COSWP, MGNs, MINs, MSNs and
Merchant Navy Code of Conduct
d) Identifies the requirements of the MLC (hours of work and rest, working and
living conditions, and onboard complaint procedures)

Notes
1. Formula sheets will be provided to candidates for the examination
2. Use hydrostatic data for fresh and saltwater densities only, with the exception
of TPC which may be corrected for other densities

Page 6
NEGATIVE MARKING
The SQA examinations are negatively marked.

Principle Errors
A Principle error results in a 50% mark deduction. Principle errors include;

 Gross interpolation error

 Nonsensical answer from a clerical error
 Incorrect or inappropriate method
 Imprecise method
 Calculation error unsupported by evidence of correct method
 Graphical solution where calculation is required
 Ignoring free surface effect
 Incorrect free surface correction
 Ignoring vertical changes in g
 Ignoring transverse changes in g
 Incorrect calculation of trim
 Confusing lcg and lcf

Clerical/ Principle Errors

A Clerical/Principle error results in a 30% mark deduction. Clerical/Principle errors
include;

 Serious carelessness in interpolation

 Incorrect direction for masses
 Incorrect distances for masses
 Error in percentage working
 Use of wrong displacement
 Use of Average Mean Draught (AMD) instead of True Mean Draught (TMD, DLCF)
 Miss-application of trim
 Ignoring density corrections for dock/fresh water

Clerical Errors
A Clerical error results in a 10% mark deduction. Clerical errors include;

 Minor carelessness in interpolation

 Using information from another problem (30% penalty)
 Answer quoted to excessive accuracy (20% penalty)
 Absence of supporting working if not otherwise penalised (20% penalty)
 Using sin instead of tan (and vice versa)

See ‘notes of guidance to markers’ for further details on how the negative marking
scheme is applied.

Page 7
GROUPED QUESTIONS
In this section past exam questions have been grouped by topic and subtopic; and then
sorted ‘loosely’ by level of complexity, from relatively simple to relatively difficult.

Buoyancy, Mass, Draught, Freeboard & Load Lines

Using Draught, Mass Displacement and TPC Hydrostatics
Question 1 – May 2021 1b Question 12 - July 2011 1biii
Question 2 - October 2012 1bi Question 13 - March 2007 2b
Question 3 – July 2021 1b Question 14 - June 2005 2b
Question 4 - July 2011 1bi Question 15 – October 2017 1c
Question 5 - July 2011 1bii Question 16 – May 2018 1b
Question 6 - October 2012 1bii Question 17 – July 2020 1b
Question 7 - October 2008 2c&d Question 18 - March 2013 1b
Question 8 - October 2010 2c&d Question 19 - October 2013 1b
Question 9 - October 2012 1biii Question 20 - December 2015 1c
Question 10 - October 2013 1c Question 21 – July 2020 1c
Question 11 – May 2018 1c

Weight to Load or Discharge in Relation to Loadlines

Question 22 - July 2006 1b Question 40 – February 2020 1b
Question 23 – May 2019 1a&b Question 41 – July 2019 2b
Question 24 – July 2021 1cii Question 42 - October 2015 1b
Question 25 - July 2008 1a&b Question 43 - March 2014 1b
Question 26 - March 2008 2a&b Question 44 - December 2011 1b
Question 27 - November 2005 1b Question 45 - June 2011 1b
Question 28 - December 2006 2b Question 46 – March 2024 2b
Question 29 - March 2007 Q1b Question 47 - November 2012 1b
Question 30 – May 2021 1c Question 48 - June 2016 1a,b&c
Question 31 – December 2021 1b Question 49 – May 2022 2a,b&c
Question 32 - July 2013 1b Question 50 - February 2014 1b
Question 33 - March 2017 1b Question 51 - July 2015 1a,b&c
Question 34 – February 2018 1b Question 52 – October 2019 1c
Question 35 – December 2020 1a&b Question 53 – November 2017 1b
Question 36 – October 2023 1b&c Question 54 – November 2023 1c
Question 37 – March 2023 2b Question 55 - October 2014 1a,b&c
Question 38 – December 2022 1c Question 56 - November 2016 1a&b
Question 39 – February 2023 3

Page 8
Small Angle Transverse Stability
Effective Metacentric Height and List
Question 57 - December 2006 2a Question 76 - November 2013 1b
Question 58 - October 2005 2a Question 77 – February 2022 2b&c
Question 59 - February 2013 1a Question 78 - July 2017 1b
Question 60 - July 2011 2a Question 79 - July 2016 1c
Question 61 - October 2017 2a Question 80 - March 2015 1b
Question 62 - March 2019 2a Question 81 - February 2015 1b
Question 63 - October 2010 1 Question 82 – March 2021 1b
Question 64 - December 2009 1 Question 83 - May 2021 2a
Question 65 - March 2009 1b Question 84 - July 2011 2a
Question 66 - March 2016 2a Question 85 - March 2011 2a&b
Question 67 - March 2008 1bi Question 86 - December 2011 2a&b
Question 68 - March 2006 2c Question 87 - July 2015 2a&b
Question 69 - July 2007 1c Question 88 - July 2014 2a&b
Question 70 – March 2018 2b Question 89 - February 2014 2a&b
Question 71 – February 2024 2c Question 90 – May 2018 2a&b
Question 72 - November 2017 2a&b Question 91 – July 2018 2a
Question 73 - November 2014 2b Question 92 – March 2021 2a&b
Question 74 - November 2007 2c Question 93 – March 2022 1
Question 75 – November 2018 1d Question 94 – May 2023 1

Free Surface Effect in Rectangular Tanks and List

Question 95 – May 2023 2b Question 110 - December 2015 Q2b
Question 96 – March 2018 1bii Question 111 - July 2013 2b
Question 97 – August 2020 1a Question 112 – February 2019 2b
Question 98 - December 2006 2b Question 113 – March 2024 1a
Question 99 - October 2005 2b Question 114 - October 2016 2a
Question 100 - March 2010 1b Question 115 – March 2018 1a
Question 101 - October 2009 2b Question 116 - May 2017 2
Question 102 - July 2009 1b Question 117 - May 2024 1
Question 103 - March 2006 1b Question 118 – August 2020 2b
Question 104 - July 2007 2b Question 119 – February 2023 2b
Question 105 - July 2016 2b Question 120 - October 2012 2
Question 106 - July 2014 1b Question 121 - October 2022 Q3
Question 107 - October 2013 2b Question 122 – February 2024 2a&b
Question 108 – October 2021 2b Question 123 - May 2012 2a
Question 109 - October 2007 2a,b&c (tank depth 1.60m)

Page 9
Lifting Operations
Question 124 - May 2013 2a Question 138 - May 2013 2b#
Question 125 - June 2014 2a Question 139 – February 2020 2a&b
Question 126 - February 2017 1a&b Question 140 - March 2012 2a
Question 127 - February 2019 1a&b Question 141 - March 2015 2a
Question 128 – February 2024 1a Question 142 – October 2021 1
Question 129 – March 2023 1a Question 143 - November 2014 2a
Question 130 - December 2022 2a&b Question 144 - February 2012 2a
Question 131 – December 2020 2 Question 145 - June 2016 2a
Question 132 - July 2010 1a&b Question 146 – July 2020 2a
Question 133 – May 2019 Q2a Question 147 – July 2023 1a&b
Question 134 - June 2005 1c Question 148 - November 2016 2a
Question 135 - February 2011 2a&b Question 149 – May 2022 1a
Question 136 - June 2015 2a Question 150 - February 2013 2a
Question 137 - June 2014 2b

Transverse Stability Sketches

Question 151 - July 2007 1a Question 165 - July 2007 1b
Question 152 - March 2006 2a Question 166 - March 2006 2b
Question 153 - February 2022 2a Question 167 - May 2017 1b
Question 154 - December 2010 1b Question 168 - July 2016 1a
Question 155 - March 2012 1a Question 169 - June 2015 1b
Question 156 - February 2011 1a Question 170 – March 2022 2bi
Question 157 – November 2018 1b Question 171 – July 2020 2b
Question 158 - March 2009 2a Question 172 - November 2013 1ai
Question 159 - June 2005 1b Question 173 - October 2011 1a
Question 160 - June 2014 1a Question 174 – March 2022 2bii
Question 161 - July 2012 1a Question 175 – December 2022 3a
Question 162 - March 2015 1a Question 176 - March 2012 1c
Question 163 – February 2024 3a Question 177 - November 2019 1c
Question 164 – December 2021 2c Question 178 – July 2019 1a

Large Angle Transverse Stability

Calculation of Righting Moment
Question 179 - June 2014 1c Question 188 - November 2014 1c
Question 180 - July 2012 1c Question 189 - May 2012 1c
Question 181 - March 2008 1bii Question 190 - February 2012 1d
( 35000t, GM 0.80m) Question 191 – July 2018 1c
Question 182 - March 2011 1c Question 192 – August 2020 1d
Question 183 - March 2009 2c Question 193 – October 2021 3d
Question 184 - November 2008 2b Question 194 – October 2022 1c
Question 185 - October 2006 2c Question 195 – May 2024 2aiii
Question 186 – March 2019 1c Question 196 – October 2023 2c
Question 187 - June 2016 2c

Page 10
Reading and Interpreting Curves of Statical Stability
Question 197 - June 2016 2b Question 207 - May 2012 1b
Question 198 - March 2016 2b Question 208 - February 2012 1a,b&c
Question 199 - May 2023 3 Question 209 – August 2020 1a,b&c
Question 200 - November 2023 2a&b Question 210 – May 2024 2a&b
Question 201 - October 2023 2a&b Question 211 - March 2011 1b
Question 202 - December 2015 1a Question 212 - November 2008 2c
Question 203 – October 2021 3a,b&c Question 213 - October 2006 2b
Question 204 – July 2018 1b Question 214 – October 2017 1a
Question 205 - November 2014 1a,b&d Question 215 - March 2010 2c
Question 206 – March 2019 1a Question 216 - October 2022 1a&b

Sketching Example GZ Curves

Question 217 - July 2016 1b Question 226 - November 2023 3b
Question 218 - June 2014 1d Question 227 – March 2022 2c
Question 219 - November 2013 1aii Question 228 – May 2019 2b
Question 220 - July 2012 1d Question 229 – December 2021 1d
Question 221 - March 2011 1a Question 230 – July 2021 3
Question 222 - February 2011 1c Question 231 - November 2008 2a
Question 223 - March 2010 2a Question 232 – Feb 2022 3
Question 224 – December 2022 3b Question 233 – July 2019 1b
Question 225 – February 2024 3b

Longitudinal Stability
Layer Correction
Question 234 - March 2014 2a Question 241 - February 2017 2a&b
Question 235 - July 2012 2a Question 242 – October 2023 3a&b
Question 236 – February 2018 2a Question 243 – July 2023 2
Question 237 – March 2022 3 Question 244 – February 2022 1
Question 238 - October 2015 2ai&ii Question 245 - October 2018 2a&b
Question 239 – November 2018 2a Question 246 - November 2019 2a&b
Question 240 - March 2013 2b Question 247 – February 2023 1a&b

Trim and End Draughts - Ship Initially on an Even Keel

Question 248 – May 2022 3b Question 257 - March 2017 2a
Question 249 – March 2023 3a&b Question 258 - July 2012 2b
Question 250 – November 2018 2b Question 259 - June 2011 2b
Question 251 – February 2018 2b Question 260 - October 2014 2a&b
Question 252 - July 2017 2a Question 261 – July 2021 2b
Question 253 - October 2015 2b Question 262 – February 2021 3a&b
Question 254 – October 2017 2b Question 263 – October 2022 2b
Question 255 – March 2019 2b Question 264 – March 2024 1b
Question 256 - March 2014 2b

Page 11
Trim and End Draughts - Ship Initially Trimmed
Question 265 - December 2009 2 Question 272 - November 2005 2b
Question 266 - October 2009 1 Question 273 - October 2005 1b
Question 267 - November 2008 1b Question 274 - July 2009 2
Question 268 - October 2008 1b Question 275 - July 2008 2
Question 269 - November 2007 1b Question 276 - October 2006 1b
Question 270 - October 2007 1b Question 277 - July 2010 2a&b
Question 271 - July 2006 2b Question 278 - December 2010 2a&b

Changing Draught Aft

Question 279 - June 2011 2c Question 282 - November 2012 2b
Question 280 - February 2015 2a Question 283 – October 2011 2b
Question 281 - November 2013 2a

Page 12
2024 May
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions.

Marks for each question are shown in brackets.

Section A

1. A vessel is floating upright in salt water at an even keel draught of 4.700 m,

KG 6.46 m.

A rectangular double bottom tank has length 20.00 m, breadth 18.00 m, depth
3.60 m and is equally subdivided by a single centreline longitudinal bulkhead.

The port side tank is full of salt water ballast and the starboard side tank is empty.

The FSMs for EACH tank when partially full of salt water are 1245 t.m.

Using the Datasheet – Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the angle and direction
of list if HALF of the ballast in the port side tank is transferred to the starboard
side tank. (20)

2. Worksheet Q2 indicates TWO different conditions of stability for a vessel at the

same displacement of 67300 tonnes.

(a) For BOTH conditions determine EACH of the following:

(i) the approximate initial metacentric height (indicate on each curve how
the value was obtained); (4)

(ii) the maximum righting lever and the angle of heel at which it occurs; (2)

(iii) the righting moment at 30º heel. (4)

(b) The recommended GM for the ship in Q2(a) is in the range 1.30 m to 2.60 m.

With reference to the GM values obtained in (a)(i) and the righting levers of
the vessel for BOTH conditions of loading, distinguish between the two
conditions and state the disadvantages of EACH. (10)

3. Define EACH of the following terms:

(a) Fresh water allowance (FWA); (4)

(b) Tonnes per centimetre immersion (TPC); (3)

(c) True mean draught (TMD). (3)

[OVER
Page 13
034-84 STABILITY & OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q2 23 MAY 2024

Condition X Condition Y

6.00

5.00

4.00
GZ
(m)

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

HEEL (Deg.)
-1.00

Candidate’s Name ……………………………………………………………………… Examination Centre …………………………………………………………

Page 14
2024 March
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

Section A
1. A vessel LBP 137.50 m is floating in fresh water at an even keel draught of 7.100 m.
Initial metacentric height 0.43 m.

The vessel has completed loading and has departed on passage.

During the passage fuel oil is consumed from an initially full rectangular double
bottom tank, leaving the tank slack.

Details of the tank and fuel oil are as follows:

length 15.00 m
breadth 9.00 m
depth 2.50 m
fuel (RD) 0.86
FSM 784 tm
Lcg 65.50 m foap

The vessel arrives in a salt water port, the fuel oil tank sounding on arrival is
0.50 m.

Using datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars calculate EACH of the following on arrival:

(a) the effective metacentric height; (12)

(b) the trim. (8)

[OVER
Page 15
2024 March
2. (a) Explain EACH of the following terms:

(i) DWA; (3)

(ii) TPC; (3)

(iii) Summer displacement. (3)

(b) A vessel is loading in port in dock water RD 1.023.

Summer draught 9.100 m

The waterline on the port side is on the upper edge of the summer load line.

The waterline on the starboard side is on the lower edge of the summer load
line.

Using datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the additional weight of

cargo to load for the ship to be at the summer draught in salt water.

The vessel is to be upright on sailing. (11)

Note: Assume TPC is constant for the range of draughts.

3. Describe with the aid of a sketch of curves of statical stability on the same set of
axes’, the difference between the terms stiff condition and tender condition and
comment on the relative roll period for EACH condition. (10)

Page 16
2024 February
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

Section A

1. (a) A vessel is alongside port side to the berth and is initially upright with
KG 6.80 m.

A heavy lift is located on deck Kg 14.40 m, 4.80 m to starboard of the

centreline and is be discharged using the vessel’s heavy lift crane.

The lift is to be landed on the quayside 17.40 m from the centreline.

There are FOUR STAGES in the discharge operation as follows:

Stage 1: when the weight is initially lifted off the deck;

Stage 2: when the crane is slewed to port to be on the centreline;

Stage 3: when the crane is slewed further to port to plumb the final landing
position, and;

Stage 4: when the weight is landed on the quay.

Note: The Chief Officer has confirmed that the vessel will be stable
throughout the operation.

For EACH stage of the operation, describe the effects on BOTH the
metacentric height (GM) and list.

On Worksheet Q1, indicate the position of the ship’s centre of gravity at EACH
stage during the lift (G1, G2, G3 and G4). (16)

(b) Explain why it is important to minimise free liquid surfaces in tanks prior to
commencing a heavy lift operation.

Note: A sketch may be provided to enhance your explanation. (4)

Page 17
2024 February
2. Worksheet Q2 shows a vessel in the upright condition having FOUR rectangular
ballast tanks as indicated; ALL tanks have the same dimensions.

The tanks are filled with saltwater ballast as follows:

Tank A: QUARTER FULL

Tank B: FULL

Tank C: HALF FULL

Tank D: QUARTER FULL

(a) State which tank(s), if any, are causing the maximum loss of GM due to free
surface effect. (3)

(b) Explain the effect on the loss of GM DUE TO FREE LIQUID SURFACES of EACH
of the following ballasting operations:

(i) A transfer of ALL the ballast water from tank C to tank A; (3)

(ii) A transfer of ALL the ballast water from BOTH tanks A and D to tank C; (3)

(iii) Discharge of ALL the ballast water from tank B; (3)

(iv) Discharge of ALL the ballast water from BOTH tanks A and D; (3)

Note: It is NOT the effect on GM of the operations with respect to the change
in KG due to shift of weight that is being questioned

(c) A vessel has the following particulars:

Displacement 14300 t KM 8.38 m KG 7.60 m

Calculate the maximum amount of deck cargo to load at Kg 12.40 m for the
vessel to sail with a GM of 0.50 m.

Note: Assume KM remains constant for the range of draughts. (5)

3. (a) Using Worksheet Q3, indicate a ship at an angle of list.

The diagram must show EACH of the following:

G for BOTH the upright condition (G) and listed condition (GH);
B (the position for the upright condition);
B1 (the position for the listed condition);
Initial M;
Lines of action of Wf and Bf. (5)

(b) Sketch the GZ curve for a ship at an angle of loll of 20º, a range of stability
of 50º and a GM of -0.20 m (negative). (5)

Page 18
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q1 08 FEBRUARY 2024

Candidate Name ……………………………. Examination Centre…………………………

Page 19
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q2 08 FEBRUARY 2024

A B

G
C D

Candidate’s Name ……………………………… Examination Centre ……………………………………

Page 20
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q3 08 FEBRUARY 2024

Candidate’s Name ……………………………… Examination Centre ……………………………………

Page 21
2023 November
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

Section A

1. (a) State how a vessel’s mean draught will change when passing from dock water
to fresh water. (2)

(b) Explain why the draught changes, as stated in your answer for Q1(a) above. (3)

(c) A vessel is at anchor outside a river port in salt water.

The vessel is even keel and floating at the summer draught of 9.300 m.

Summer Displacement 23066 t TPCSW (constant) 25.35 t

(i) Calculate the weight of cargo that must be discharged into barges so that
the vessel can pass over a bar at the port entrance (RD 1.025).
The depth of water is 10.40 m, an underkeel clearance of 1.70 m is
required. (5)

(ii) Ignoring the effects of fuel consumption, calculate the vessel’s new
mean draught on arrival at an upriver berth where the dock water RD is
1.009. (4)

(iii) At the berth, 690 t of cargo is discharged and 220 t of bunkers loaded.

Calculate the new draught at the berth (RD 1.009). (6)

2. (a) List the information that can be obtained from a curve of statical stability
(GZ curve). (7)

(b) Sketch of a curve of statical stability (GZ curve).

On the curve, indicate EACH of the items listed in Q2(a). (7)

(b) State THREE disadvantages for EACH of the following conditions of loading:

(i) tender condition; (3)

(ii) stiff condition. (3)

[OVER
Page 22
2023 November
3. (a) Sketch a stable vessel listed to a small angle.

On the sketch indicate EACH of the following:

• the positions of G, B, B1, and M;

• the action of different forces;

• the metacentric height. (7)

(b) Describe THREE methods used to correct an angle of list. (3)

Page 23
2023 October
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

Section A

1. (a) Explain Archimedes’ Principle. (4)

(b) A bulk carrier has the following particulars:

Summer displacement 67681 tonnes

Summer draught 12.800 m

The ship is upright in dock water RD 1.004 and the waterline is 30.2 cm below
the lower edge of the winter load line.

The TPCSW for the summer load displacement is 58.80 t.

Calculate the additional weight of cargo to load for the ship to be at the
summer draught in saltwater making allowance for the following:

Fuel oil still to load 28 tonnes.

Fuel consumption on passage from the berth to the open sea 4 tonnes. (12)

Note: Assume TPC is constant for the range of draughts.

(c) A ship has a summer draught of 8.920 m and is presently in fresh water at a
draught of 7.600 m.

Using only the tabulated draught and displacement values on Datasheet

Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the weight of cargo to load for a voyage in
a summer zone. (4)

[OVER
Page 24
2023 October
2. Worksheet Q2 indicates TWO different conditions of stability for the same vessel.

(a) For BOTH conditions state EACH of the following:

(i) the initial condition of stability; (4)

(ii) the approximate initial metacentric height (indicate on each curve how
this value was obtained); (4)

(iii) the range of positive stability (indicate on each curve). (4)

(b) With reference to the GZ curves on Worksheet Q2, describe how the vessel
would be floating in still water in a sheltered harbour for EACH condition. (6)

(c) With reference to Worksheet Q2 Condition Y, calculate the righting moment

at 40º heel given that the displacement of the vessel is 26720 tonnes. (2)

3. (a) A vessel LBP 137.50 m arrives in a saltwater port for cargo operations.

Draughts on arrival are as follows:

Forward 7.800 m Aft 8.500 m

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the vessel’s initial LCG on

arrival at the load port. (8)

(b) After arrival, the vessel in Q3(a) is brought to even keel by transferring
ballast. State the new LCG of the vessel after it has been brought to an even
keel. (2)

Page 25
034 84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q2 05 OCTOBER 2023
(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)

CONDITION X

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2
GZ
(m)
0.1

0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-0.1

-0.2

-0.3
Heel (Deg.)

CONDITION Y

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2
GZ
(m)
0.1

0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-0.1

-0.2

-0.3
Heel (Deg.)

Candidate’s Name ……………………………… Examination Centre ……………………………………

Page 26
2023 July
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

Section A

1. A vessel is upright, port side alongside in salt water. A 96 t heavy lift is to be

loaded from the quayside, using the vessel’s crane.

Present condition:
Even keel draught 4.400 m KG 8.59 m

Height of crane above the keel 22.80 m.

The weight on the quayside is 20.75 m from the centreline of the vessel.

Prior to loading the heavy lift, the vessel is to be listed 5º to starboard by

transferring ballast from a port side double bottom tank, initially full, to an empty
starboard side double bottom tank, through a distance of 14.16 m.

The transfer of the ballast will introduce a total of 446 tm of free surface
moments.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the following:

(a) the weight of ballast to transfer to create the required list; (8)

(b) the angle of list when the heavy lift is first picked up and suspended over
the quay. (12)

Note: assume no change in the KG of the vessel due to any vertical component
of shift of weight of the ballast.

2. A vessel is floating in salt water at draughts F 3.600 m and A 4.100 m.

The vessel’s KG is 9.20 m and LBP 137.50 m.

(a) Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the position of the ship’s
Longitudinal Centre of Gravity (LCG) at these draughts. (10)

(b) Using Worksheet Q2, for the vessel in the trimmed condition, indicate the
position of EACH of the following:

(i) centre of gravity, as calculated in Q2(a) showing the weight force; (4)

(ii) centre of buoyancy showing the buoyancy force. (3)

(c) Calculate the vessel’s Longitudinal Centre of Flotation (LCF) for the vessel’s
condition and indicate this on Worksheet Q2. (3)

[OVER
Page 27
2023 July
3. Explain with the aid of a sketch of curves of statical stability on the same set of
axes’, the difference between the terms, stiff condition and a tender condition
vessel and comment on the relative roll period for EACH condition. (10)

Page 28
2023 May
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS
Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

Section A
1. A vessel in salt water has displacement 16685 tonnes, KG 7.24 m and is listed 3 °
to port.

The following cargo operations are carried out:

Load 200 t at Kg 7.24 m, 3.20 m to starboard of centreline;

Discharge 140 t from Kg 4.60 m, 2.50 m to starboard of centreline;

Shift 180 t from Kg 3.80 m, 5.30 m starboard of centreline to Kg 10.60 m, 4.40 m

to port of the centreline;

Finally, 136 t of HFO is loaded into a centre tank at Kg 4.80 m creating FSMs of
1200 t.m.

Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the following:

(a) the final angle and direction of list; (17)

(b) the side of the vessel and distance off the centreline that 420 tonnes of
deck cargo must be loaded for the vessel to complete operations in the
upright condition. (3)

Page 29
2023 May
2. (a) Define the following transverse stability terms and state the cause of
inclination of the ship in EACH case:

(i) Ust; (2)

(ii) Heel; (2)

(iii) Loll. (3)

(b) (i) A ship has the following particulars in salt water:

Displacement 12748 tonnes KG 7.64 m

A rectangular double bottom tank has length 16.00 m, breadth 18.00 m

and depth 4.60 m.

Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the final GM if the

tank is ballasted to a sounding of 3.00 m given that the FSMs are
7970 t.m. (7)

(ii) Describe the effect on the FSMs if the tank in (b)(i) had been equally
subdivided by TWO watertight longitudinal bulkheads. (4)

(c) On TWO different occasions the DB tank in (b)(i) has soundings of 2.20 m and
4.20 m respectively.

State the effect on the value of free surface moments of having the tank
partially filled at EACH of the different levels stated. (2)

3. Worksheet Q3 illustrates a curve of statical stability for a ship.

Determine from the curve EACH of the following:

(a) the condition of stability and angle of inclination of the ship in still water; (2)

(b) the maximum righting lever; (1)

(c) the range of positive stability; (2)

(d) the approximate metacentric height, indicating how the value is obtained
from the curve; (3)

(e) the approximate angle of heel at which deck edge immersion will take place. (2)

Page 30
Page 31
2023 March
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

Section A

1. (a) A vessel is initially upright KG 9.50 m, with a heavy lift stowed at

Kg 3.00 m, 10.50 m to port of the centreline.

The lift is to be transferred to a position Kg 12.00 m, on the centreline using

the vessel’s crane.

There are THREE stages to the operation as follows:

Stage 1 when the weight is initially lifted;

Stage 2 when the crane is slewed to starboard and is over the centreline;

Stage 3 when the weight has been landed in the stowage position.

(i) Using Worksheet Q1, show the Centre of Gravity of the vessel at EACH
stage of the operation. (6)

(ii) For EACH stage of the operation, explain the effect on the vessel’s
metacentric height. (6)

(iii) State the list of the vessel at EACH stage of the operation, describing how
the list changes at EACH stage of the operation. (6)

(b) State the effect of an increase in free surface moments on an angle of list
due to an off centre weight. (2)

Page 32
2023 March
2. (a) Explain EACH of the following:

(i) TPC; (3)

(ii) CW; (4)

(iii) Freeboard. (4)

(b) A vessel has the following particulars:

Summer freeboard 5224 mm.

Tropical freeboard 4957 mm.

The vessel is upright in dock water RD 1.012 and the waterline is 0.50 cm
below the lower edge of the tropical load line.

Calculate the additional weight of cargo to load for the ship to be at the
Tropical freeboard in salt water given that the TPCSW is 58.90 t for the tropical
load displacement and the FWA is 288 mm. (9)

Note: Assume TPC is constant for the range of draughts.

3. A vessel is alongside a berth in freshwater at an even keel draught of 6.900 m.

Cargo operations are then carried out as follows:

Discharge 1690 tonnes from Lcg 90.50 m;

Discharge 2245 tonnes from Lcg 66.70 m;
Load 2355 tonnes at Lcg 85.00 m.

The vessel is required to sail with a trim by the stern. This must not exceed
0.35 m.

(a) Using Datasheet Q3 - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the trim after cargo
operations are completed. (8)

(b) Comment on the suitability of the vessel’s trim for sailing after cargo
operations are completed. (2)

Page 33
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q1 23 MARCH 2023
(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)

Port Stbd

Stowage
position

G
Kg 12.00 m

Kg 3.00 m

10.50 m

Candidate’s name……………………………………………. Examination Centre……………………………………………

Page 34
2023 February
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

Section A

1. A vessel LBP 137.5 m has draughts F 7.600 m A 8.200 m in salt water.

Cargo is worked as follows:

Hold No. 1 Load 400 t (lcg 114.00 m foap);

Hold No. 3 Load 900 t (lcg 68.00 m foap);

Hold No. 5 Load 110 t (lcg 32.60 m foap).

Using Datasheet – Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the following:

(a) the final draughts on completion of loading; (17)

(b) the weight of ballast to transfer, and in which direction, between the fore
peak tank (lcg 130.56 m foap) and the after peak tank (lcg 3.07 m foap) to
bring the vessel to an even keel. (3)

2. (a) Explain the term Free Surface Correction (FSC) and state whether this must
be added to, or subtracted from, the ship’s KG when calculating the
metacentric height. (4)

(b) A vessel is initially upright in salt water at an even keel draught of 7.30 m,
KG 6.68 m.

An empty rectangular DB tank has breadth 16.00 m, length 22.00 m and

depth 2.60 m and is equally subdivided by a longitudinal watertight
bulkhead.

BOTH sides of the tank are then filled with salt water ballast to a sounding
of 1.90 m creating FSMs for EACH tank of 939 t.m BASIS FW.

Using Datasheet – Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the following:

(i) the final metacentric height; (10)

(ii) the maximum quantity of deck cargo to load at Kg 12.60 m for the vessel
to complete loading with a metacentric height of 1.20 m. (6)

Note: Assume KM remains constant.

Page 35
2023 February
3. A ship LBP 96.8 m is near completion of loading a bulk cargo and has the following
particulars:

Summer draught 6.220 m

Summer displacement 12300 tonnes

The ship is upright in dock water RD 1.002 and the waterline is 400 mm below the
upper edge of the summer load line.

Calculate the additional weight of cargo to load for a voyage in the North Atlantic
Ocean in winter given that the TPCSW is 16.42 t for the summer load displacement. (10)

Note: Assume TPC is constant for the range of draughts.

Page 36
2022 December
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

Section A

1. (a) State Archimedes’ Principle. (3)

(b) Define EACH of the following terms:

(i) Freeboard; (3)

(ii) Coefficient of fineness of the waterplane area (CW). (2)

(c) A bulk carrier has the following particulars:

Summer displacement 64156 tonnes

Summer draught 12.200 metres
TPCSW 58.50 tonnes

The vessel is near completion of loading and is floating at a draught of

11.920 m in dock water RD 1.004.

Calculate the further amount of cargo to load for the vessel to be at the
winter load draught in salt water, allowing for 48 tonnes of fuel oil and
36 tonnes of fresh water to be taken on board prior to departure. (12)

Note: Assume TPC is constant for the range of draughts.

Page 37
2022 December
2. (a) A vessel is alongside starboard side to the berth and is initially upright with
KG 7.60 m.

A locomotive weighing 95 tonnes is located on the quayside 14.60 m from the

centreline and is to be loaded using the vessel’s heavy lift crane.

The stowage position is in the lower hold Kg 3.80, 8.30 m to port of the
centreline.

There are FOUR stages in the loading operation as follows:

Stage 1: when the weight is initially lifted off the quay;

Stage 2: when the crane is slewed to port to be on the centreline;

Stage 3: when the crane is slewed further to port to plumb the final
stowage position, and;

Stage 4: when the weight is landed in the lower hold in its final stowage
position.

The Chief Officer has confirmed that the vessel will be stable throughout
the operation.

For EACH stage of the operation, describe the effect on BOTH the
metacentric height and list. On Worksheet Q2(a), indicate the position of
the ship’s centre of gravity at EACH stage during the lift (G1, G2, G3 and
G4). (16)

(b) By reference to the stage in the lifting operation in Q2(a) when the
MAXIMUM list will take place, explain why it is important to minimise free
liquid surfaces in tanks prior to commencing the operation. (4)

Note: A sketch may be provided to enhance your explanation.

3. (a) Using Worksheet Q3(a), indicate a ship at an angle of loll.

The diagram must show EACH of the following:

G;
B (the position for the upright condition);
B1 (the position for the heeled condition);
Initial M;
Lines of action of Wf and Bf. (5)

(b) Sketch the GZ curve for a ship having a list of 10º, a range of stability of 65º
and a GM of 0.50 metres. (5)

Page 38
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q2(a) 1 DECEMBER 2022

G G

(Use this diagram to plan your answer) (Use this diagram to present your answer)

Page 39
Candidate’s Name ……………………………………… Examination Centre ………………………………………
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q3(a) 1 DECEMBER 2022

Page 40
Candidate’s Name ……………………………………… Examination Centre …………………………………………
2022 October
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

Section A

1. Worksheet Q1 indicates TWO different conditions of stability for the same vessel
and at the same draught.

(a) State EACH of the following for EACH of the TWO curves, Condition X and
Condition Y:

(i) the condition of initial stability; (4)

(ii) the approximate initial metacentric height (indicate on the graph how
this value has been obtained); (4)

(iii) the range of positive stability (indicate the range on the graph). (4)

(b) Describe how EACH vessel would behave when at sea. (5)

(c) With reference to Worksheet Q1 Condition Y, calculate the righting moment

at 35º, if the displacement of the vessel is 18500 t. (3)

2. (a) Explain the term LCG. (2)

(b) A vessel LBP 137.50 m is floating in salt water at an even keel draught of
5.500 m.

The following cargo operations are then carried out:

Load 1264 t at lcg 116.52 m foap

Load 2321 t at lcg 28.30 m foap
Discharge 900 t from lcg 45.20 m foap

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the final draughts after

completion of cargo operations. (18)

Page 41
2022 October
3. Worksheet Q3 shows a stable vessel upright.

The vessel has THREE ballast tanks, A, B and C.

All THREE tanks are of the same dimensions, are half full and have the same
relative density of ballast water.

(a) State which tank(s), if any, are causing the greatest loss of GM. (2)

(b) Give reasons for the answer stated in Q3(a). (3)

(c) Explain the effect on the vessel’s GM if all the ballast water in Tank C was
transferred to Tank A. (3)

(d) On Worksheet Q3 indicate the position of G after the transfer of the ballast
as stated in Q3(c). (2)

Page 42
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q1 06 OCTOBER 2022
(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)

Condition X – GZ curve

4.0

3.0
GZ (m)

2.0

1.0

0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
- 1.0 Angle of Heel (°)

- 2.0

Condition Y – GZ curve

0.4

0.3
GZ (m)

0.2

0.1

0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
-0.1 Angle of Heel (°)

-0.2

Candidate’s name……………………..……………… Examination Centre…………………………………

Page 43
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q3 06 OCTOBER 2022
(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)

C
M

G
B

Candidate’s name ………………….…………………………. Examination Centre ………….……………………………….

Page 44
2022 July

Page 45
2022 July

Page 46
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q2 07 JULY 2022

(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4
GZ
0.3
(m)
0.2

0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.2
Heel (Deg.)

Page 47
Candidate's Name ............................................. Examination Centre ................................................
2022 May
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets.

Section A

1. (a) A vessel is floating in salt water at a displacement of 11180 t, port side

The vessel is even keel and has a list of 2º to starboard.

KG (solid) 7.66 m FSM 1845 t.m

There is a 75 t weight on the quay at a position 13.60 m from the centreline

which is to be loaded on board using the ship's own crane, the head of which
is 28.00 m above the keel.

The final position of the weight will be Kg 3.70 m, 5.12 m to starboard of the
centreline.

Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the maximum angle and

direction of list that will occur during the loading operation. (17)

(b) Explain why free surfaces should be eliminated or minimised during heavy lift
operations. (3)

2. A bulk carrier length 90.00 m is loading in a Winter North Atlantic port, in winter,
in dock water (RD 1.003).

The vessel is upright at an even keel draft with the waterline 460 mm below the
upper edge of the Summer loadline.

The vessel has a Summer draught of 8.700 m.

The vessel is to be fully loaded so that she will be on the correct marks in open
sea.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the following:

(a) the sinkage required in port in order that the vessel will be fully loaded; (13)

(b) the maximum weight of cargo still to load, assuming a mean

TPC (salt water) of 24.07 t (constant for the range of draughts); (4)

(c) the vessel’s displacement on sailing. (3)

Page 48
2022 May
3. (a) Define the term freeboard. (4)

(b) A vessel LBP 137.50 m and Depth 11.75 m, is floating in salt water at an even
keel draught of 3.700 m with a KG 9.90 m.

Using Datasheet – Hydrostatic Particulars, indicate the position of EACH of

the following on Worksheet Q3(b):

(i) Amidships; (2)

(ii) Centre of Buoyancy; (2)

(iii) Centre of Gravity. (2)

Note: Relevant distances should be indicated on Worksheet Q3(b).

Page 49
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q3(b) 26 MAY 2022

(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)

3.700 3.700

Candidates Name……………………………………………………. Examination Centre……………………………………………………

Page 50
2022 March
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets.

Section A

1. (a) A vessel is floating in fresh water at an even keel draught of 6.620 m with a
KG of 7.98 m.

FSMs of 3200 t.m due to slack tanks must still be accounted for.

The following cargo operations are carried out:

Load 3200 tonnes at Kg 3.84 m;

Load 873 tonnes from Kg 7.54 m;
Shift 65 t of cargo from Kg 8.40 m to Kg 4.36 m.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the GM on completion of

operations. (8)

(b) Additional deck cargo is to be loaded at Kg 13.60 m for the ship to complete
loading with a GM of 0.40 m.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the maximum weight of

deck cargo to load. (8)

Note: Assume KM remains constant for the range of draughts.

(c) For the sailing condition, calculate EACH of the following:

(i) the true mean draught in salt water; (2)

(ii) the GM when the ship is in salt water. (2)

Page 51
2022 March
2. (a) Outline the difference between the terms list and loll and for EACH state
ONE typical cause of the condition of stability. (5)

(b) Using Worksheet Q2, indicate EACH of the following:

(i) a ship at an angle of list; (5)

(ii) a ship at an angle of loll. (5)

Note: EACH diagram must clearly show the following:

G;
B (the position for the upright condition);
B1 (the position for the inclined condition);
M;
Lines of action of Wf and Bf.

(c) For the ship in (b)(i), sketch the curve of statical stability given that the angle
of list is 10º, range of stability is 70º and the initial metacentric height is
0.52 m. (5)

Note: A heeling arm curve will NOT be accepted.

3 (a) A vessel LBP 137.50 m arrives in port with the following draughts in salt water:

F 6.400 m A 7.300 m

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH the following:

(i) the arrival displacement; (3)

(ii) the position of the LCG foap. (5)

(b) After arrival, the ship in Q3(a) is brought to an even keel draught by
transferring ballast. State the new position of the LCG. (2)

Page 52
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q2 24 MARCH 2022

(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)

(i) (ii)

Page 53
Candidate’s Name ……………………………………… Examination Centre …………………………………………
2022 February
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

Section A

1. (a) A vessel LBP 137.50 m is floating upright in salt water at the following
draughts:

For’d: 6.100 m Aft: 7.400 m

The vessel is required to cross a shoal where the depth at high water is 7.40 m
with an underkeel clearance of 0.40 m.

Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the following:

(i) the quantity of ballast to transfer, and in which direction, between the
fore peak tank (Lcg 130.56 m) and the aft peak tank (Lcg 3.07 m) so that
the vessel will pass over the shoal at the correct draught; (14)

(ii) the draught forward when passing over the shoal. (3)

(b) Sketch a profile view of the vessel in Q1(a) at the time of crossing the shoal,
indicating EACH of the following:

(i) the position of the centre of flotation (CF) relative to midships; (2)

(ii) TMD. (1)

Page 54
2022 February
2. (a) Sketch a stable vessel listed to a small angle. On the sketch indicate EACH
of the following:

• the positions of G, B, B1, and M;

• the action of the different forces;

• the metacentric height. (7)

(b) A vessel is at a mean draught of 8.800 m in a fresh water port and is listed
3.5º to starboard.

KG 8.05 m.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the following:

(i) the weight of ballast to discharge from a double bottom tank 8.50 m from
the centreline to finish upright; (6)

(ii) the new mean draught of the vessel in Q2(b)(i) after the ballast and
4110 t of cargo is discharged whilst alongside. (4)

(c) After completion of operations in Q2(b) the vessel proceeds to sea.

Calculate the vessel’s mean draught in salt water, assuming any change in
deadweight is negligible. (3)

3. Sketch a GZ curve for a vessel in neutral equilibrium.

On the sketch, indicate EACH of the following:

• the initial GM;

• range of positive stability of 40º;

• the angle of vanishing stability;

• the approximate angle of deck edge immersion;

• the maximum GZ and the angle at which it occurs. (10)

Page 55
2021 December
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets.

Section A

1. (a) Define EACH of the following terms:

(i) Relative density (RD); (3)

(ii) Fresh water allowance (FWA); (3)

(iii) Block coefficient (CB). (2)

(b) A bulk carrier has the following particulars:

Summer displacement 20553 tonnes.

Summer draught 9.500 metres.
TPCSW 24.60 tonnes.

The vessel is nearing completion of loading a cargo of iron ore and is floating
at a draught of 9.260 m in dock water RD 1.006.

Calculate the further amount of cargo to load for the vessel to be at the
Winter load draught in salt water allowing for 80 tonnes of fuel oil to be
taken on board prior to departure. (12)

Note: Assume TPC is constant for the range of draughts.

2. (a) Define EACH of the following transverse statical stability terms:

(i) Centre of buoyancy (B); (2)

(ii) Initial transverse metacentre (M). (3)

(b) Distinguish between the terms list and loll. (5)

(c) Using Worksheet Q2 indicate a ship at an angle of loll. The diagram must
clearly show EACH of the following: G; B (the position for the upright
condition) and B1 (the position for the inclined condition); GZ; M; Lines of
action of Wf and Bf. (5)

(d) Sketch the curve of statical stability given that the angle of loll is 20º, range
of stability is 40º and the initial metacentric height is -0.10 m for the ship in
Q2(b). (5)

Page 56
2021 December
3. (a) A ship LBP 137.50 m is near completion of loading and has an even keel
draught of 8.400 m in fresh water.

The following cargo is worked:

Load 568 tonnes at Lcg 65.26 m foap;

Shift 58 tonnes of deck cargo from Lcg 102.40 m to Lcg 44.60 m.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the draughts on

completion of operations. (8)

(b) Calculate the amount of ballast to transfer between the Fore Peak tank
(Lcg 136.20 m foap) and the Aft Peak tank (Lcg 4.64 m foap) for the ship to
sail from the berth with a trim of 0.100 m by the stern. (2)

Page 57
034-84 STABILITY & OPERATIONS Worksheet Q2 02 DECEMBER 2021

Candidate’s Name …………………………………………..…… Examination Centre …………………………………….…………

Page 58
2021 October
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps must
be made clear in the answer.

Section A

1. (a) A vessel is floating upright in salt water at a draught of 6.600 m, starboard

side alongside.

KG 7.24 m

There are TWO heavy lifts on the quay to be loaded as follows:

Weight 1
A locomotive weighing 142 tonnes positioned 18.00 m from the centreline, to
be loaded in No. 4 Hold at Kg 4.60 m, 4.00 m to STARBOARD of centreline,
and;

Weight 2
A bulldozer weighing 36 tonnes positioned 20.00 m from the centreline, to be
loaded on the upper deck at Kg 12.60 m, 3.00 m to PORT of the centreline.

Weight 1 must be loaded first into the lower hold.

Height of the derrick head when lifting each weight is 28.60 m above the
keel.

Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the angle of list that will
occur immediately when Weight 2 is lifted off the quay. (12)

(b) (i) Calculate the final angle of list. (6)

(ii) Calculate the amount of ballast to transfer between TWO ballast tanks
each located 7.2 m from the centreline to bring the ship to an upright
condition. (2)

Page 59
2021 October
2. (a) Define the following transverse stability terms and state the cause of
inclination of the ship in EACH case:

(i) list; (2)

(ii) heel; (2)

(iii) loll. (3)

(b) A ship has the following particulars in salt water:

Displacement 15742 tonnes KG 6.82 m

A rectangular double bottom tank has length 18.0 m, breadth 15.0 m and
depth 4.0 m.

Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars calculate EACH of the following:

(i) the final GM if the tank is ballasted to a sounding of 2.80 m, given that
the FSMs are 5189 tm; (9)

(ii) the final GM if the tank in Q2(b)(i) had been subdivided by a watertight
centreline longitudinal bulkhead. (4)

3. Worksheet Q3 illustrates a curve of statical stability for a ship.

(a) Obtain from the curve EACH of the following:

(i) the maximum GZ; (1)

(ii) the angle of heel at which maximum GZ occurs; (1)

(iii) the range of stability; (2)

(iv) the approximate metacentric height indicating how the value is

determined from the curve. (4)

(b) The ship in Q3(a) has a displacement of 16700 tonnes.

Calculate the moment of statical stability for the ship if heeled to 20º. (2)

Page 60
034-84 STABILTY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q3 7 OCTOBER 2021
(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)

Page 61
Candidate’s Name ……………………………………………..… Examination Centre ………………………………………………
2021 July
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer

Section A

1. (a) Define EACH of the following terms:

(i) block coefficient (CB); (2)

(ii) forward perpendicular (FP); (2)

(iii) aft perpendicular (AP). (2)

(b) A ship has a summer draught of 9.20 m and is presently in fresh water at a
draught of 8.80 m.

Using only the tabulated draught and displacement values on

Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the weight of cargo to load for
a voyage in a summer zone if 88 tonnes of fuel and stores remains to be loaded
prior to departure. (3)

(c) (i) Explain why load lines are assigned to a cargo ship. (5)

(ii) A ship has the following particulars:

Summer draught 8.867 m

Tropical draught 9.052 m.

The ship is upright in dock water RD 1.012 and the waterline is 2.00 cm
below the lower edge of the summer load line.

Calculate the additional weight of cargo to load for the ship to be at the
tropical freeboard in salt water given that the TPC SW is 24.38 t for the
summer load displacement and the FWA is 195 mm.

Note: Assume TPC is constant for the range of draughts. (6)

Page 62
2021 July
2. (a) Define the term Longitudinal Centre of Flotation (LCF). (4)

(b) (i) A ship LBP 137.50 m is in salt water at an even keel draught of 7.40 m.

The following cargo operations take place:

load 432 tonnes at Lcg 114.20 m foap;

load 576 tonnes at Lcg 68.40 m foap;

load 200 tonnes at Lcg 22.60 m foap.

Using the datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars calculate the final trim. (12)

(ii) Calculate the weight of ballast to transfer between the Fore Peak Tank
(Lcg 130.00 m foap) and the After Peak Tank (Lcg 3.00 m foap) for the ship
to complete with a trim of 0.100 m by the stern. (4)

3. Sketch the curve of statical stability for EACH of the following conditions:

(a) a ship listed to 10°with a range of stability of 70° and a GM of 0.60 m. (5)

(b) a ship at an angle of loll of 20° with a range of stability of 40°and a GM of

0.20 m. (5)

Page 63
2021 May
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer

Section A

1. (a) State Archimedes’ Principle. (3)

(b) (i) A concrete block has density 2.40 t/m3 and has the following dimensions:

Length 1.40 m Breadth 1.20 m Depth 1.60 m

Calculate the mass of the block in tonnes. (3)

(ii) A crane barge is to be used to lower the block in Q1(b)(i) to the seabed
as part of a coastal defence construction project where the water density
is 1.025 t/m3.

Calculate the load in tonnes that will register on the crane driver’s load
gauge when the block is totally submerged and being lowered to the
seabed. (2)

(c) A ship near completion of loading a bulk cargo has draught 8.420 m in dock
water RD 1.008.

Calculate the maximum further amount of cargo to still load for the ship to
be at the summer load draught in salt water given the following:

Summer load draught 8.700 m;

FWA 196 mm;

TPCSW 24.18 tonnes (assume constant for the range of draughts);

Bunkers still to be received 26 tonnes;

Fuel consumption on passage from the berth to the open sea 4 tonnes. (12)

Page 64
2021 May
2. (a) A ship has draught 4.600 m in salt water and is listed 2º to starboard.

KG 8.16 m.

The following operations take place:

load 640 tonnes at Kg 5.60 m; 4.60 m to PORT of CL;

discharge 439 tonnes from KG 5.72 m; 5.82 m to PORT of CL;

shift 86 tonnes:
from Kg 8.62 m; 4.20 m to PORT of CL,
to Kg 3.84 m; 1.20 m to PORT of CL.

A centre ballast tank is then partially filled with 235 tonnes of water which
introduces free surface moments of 1021 tm; Kg 0.36 m.

Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars calculate the final list. (15)

(b) An empty rectangular double bottom tank is to be completely filled with

ballast water.

Describe the effect on KG at EACH of the following stages during filling:

(i) when the tank is half full; (3)

(ii) when the tank is completely full. (2)

3. State how EACH of the following vessels would be expected to behave after being
inclined by an external force to a small angle of heel:

(a) a vessel in stable equilibrium; (2)

(b) a vessel in neutral equilibrium; (4)

(c) a vessel in unstable equilibrium. (4)

Page 65
2021 March
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer

Section A

1. (a) Explain the term Free Surface Effect. (3)

(b) A vessel, floating in a salt water port, is listed 3.5 ° to starboard and has the
following particulars:

Displacement 6418 t KG 9.02 m

A centreline double bottom tank which is partially filled is then emptied.

Ballast discharged 211 t at Kg 2.15 m, free surface moment for this tank is
2021 t.m.

(i) Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the change in the

angle of list. (11)

(ii) Explain the change in the angle of list (if any). (6)

2. A vessel, floating in a freshwater port at an even keel draft of 8.200 m with a KG

of 7.37 m.

The following operations are carried out:

Load 146 t of cargo at Kg 4.30 m,

Load 790 t of cargo at Kg 10.00 m,
Shift 60 t of cargo from Kg 3.40 m to Kg 14.10 m

(a) Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the metacentric height on

completion of these operations. (7)

(b) The vessel is to load additional cargo to sail at a draught of 8.800 m in fresh
water with a GM of 0.90 m.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the following:

(i) the Kg of the cargo still to load to sail with the required GM; (10)

(ii) the vessel's mean draught when in salt water. (3)

3. State the disadvantages of the following conditions of loading:

(a) a stiff condition; (5)

(b) a tender condition. (5)

Page 66
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Page 67
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Page 68
Page 69
2020 August
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

Section A

1. Worksheet Q1(1) – GZ Curve 1 and Worksheet Q1(2) – GZ Curve 2 indicate two

conditions of stability for the same vessel.

(a) State the condition of stability for EACH of the curves on Worksheet Q1(1) –
GZ Curve 1 and Worksheet Q1(2) – GZ Curve 2. (4)

(b) Describe how the vessel would behave when at sea, for EACH of the conditions
of stability indicated in Q1(a). (4)

(c) On Worksheet Q1(1) - GZ Curve 1, indicate the value of EACH of the following:

(i) range of stability;

(2)
(ii) approximate initial GM;
(2)
(iii) maximum GZ and angle of maximum GZ;
(2)
(iv) angle of vanishing stability;
(1)
(v) approximate angle of deck edge immersion.
(2)
(d) Using Worksheet Q1(2) – GZ Curve 2, calculate the Righting Moment at an
angle of heel of 20º if the displacement is 12976 t. (3)

Page 70
2020 August
2. (a) An undivided rectangular tank has a total Free Surface Moment (FSM) of
16402 t.m.

Describe the effects on the total FSM if the tank is subdivided by longitudinal
bulkheads:

(i) into TWO slack tanks of equal dimensions; (2)

(ii) into THREE slack tanks of equal dimensions. (2)

(b) A vessel is floating upright in salt water at an even keel draught of 6.000 m
with an effective KG of 7.95 m.

The vessel has a rectangular double bottom tank of length 10.00 m, breadth
16.00 m and depth 2.00 m which is subdivided by a watertight longitudinal
centreline division into port and starboard tanks of equal dimensions.

The port tank is full of ballast water (R.D. 1.025) and the starboard tank is
empty. Free Surface Moments for EACH tank (basis salt water R.D. 1.025) are
371 t.m.

Using Datasheet – Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the angle and direction

of list if half the ballast water is transferred from the port tank to the
starboard tank. (16)

3. A vessel is alongside in a salt water port at a true mean draught of 6.600 m.

The vessel is to leave the berth fully loaded for a voyage in a summer zone.

Ship’s particulars are as follows:

Summer draught 8.700 m Light ship draught 2.200 m

Using only the draught and displacement values provided in Datasheet Hydrostatic
Particulars, calculate EACH of the following:

(a) summer deadweight; (3)

(b) the cargo still to load taking into account the following operations;

Discharge sludge 25 t

Load bunkers 500 t (5)

(c) true mean draught on departure from the berth if the vessel was in a fresh
water port. (2)

Page 71
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q1(1) 20 AUGUST 2020
(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)

Page 72
Candidate’s Name ……………………………………………..… Examination Centre ………………………………………………
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q1(2) 20 AUGUST 2020
(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)

Page 73
Candidate’s Name ……………………………………………..… Examination Centre ………………………………………………
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+ %=*=.E @2=1E:.*;76;E =1.E.//.,=E76E=1.E5*B25>5E*604.E7/E42;=E26E# *2E2/E=1.

/:..E;>:/*,.;E@.:.E.42526*=.- E

Page 76
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Page 77
2019 November
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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SECTION A

1. (a) A vessel is port side to, at a true mean draft of 7.400 m in fresh water.

The vessel is initially listed 2.5º to starboard. Solid KG is 7.11 m and total
free surface moments of 1500 tm.

A heavy lift of 76 t, is stowed in the lower hold at Kg 3.80 m and 5.15 m to

starboard of the centreline.

The heavy lift is to be discharged ashore using the vessel’s crane, the head
of which is 24.60 m above the keel.

The quayside is 15.70 m from the vessel’s centreline.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars calculate the maximum angle and

direction of list during discharge. (17)

(b) State why free surfaces should be eliminated or minimised during heavy lift
operations. (3)

2. A vessel is floating in salt water at draughts F 3.500 m and A 4.200 m.

The vessel’s KG is 9.00 m and LBP 137.50 m.

(a) Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the position of the ship’s
Longitudinal Centre of Gravity (LCG) at these draughts. (10)

(b) Using Worksheet Q2 indicate the position of EACH of the following:

(i) Centre of Gravity, as calculated in Q2(a) showing the weight force; (4)

(ii) Centre of Buoyancy showing the buoyancy force; (3)

(c) Calculate the vessel’s Longitudinal Centre of Flotation (LCF) for the vessel’s
initial condition and indicate this on Worksheet Q2. (3)

[OVER
Page 78
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q2 28 NOVEMBER 2019
(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)

Midships

4.200 3.500

Candidate’s Name …………………………………………… Examination Centre ………………………………………………

Page 79
2019 July
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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SECTION A

1. (a) Worksheet Q1(a) shows a vessel at TWO different conditions, Condition ‘X’
and Condition ‘Y’.

For both conditions the vessel is floating in salt water at a true mean draught
of 5.555 m.

Condition ‘X’ - KG 8.72 m.

Condition ‘Y’ - KG 8.50 m

Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars, for EACH condition:

(i) calculate the vessel’s initial GM; (3)

(ii) indicate the transverse metacentre and the initial metacentric height on
Worksheet Q1(a). (4)

(b) Using Worksheet Q1(b), for Condition ‘X’ and Condition ‘Y’ sketch a GZ curve
and indicate EACH of the following:

(i) the initial GM; (3)

(ii) angle of list or loll (if any); (4)

(iii) the range of positive stability. (4)

(c) Explain the term height of the metacentre. (2)

Page 80
2019 July
2. (a) State how to calculate a vessel’s Summer deadweight. (2)

(b) A vessel with a Summer draught of 8.900 m is loading in port, in dock water
(RD 1.011).

The vessel is upright at an even keel draught with the waterline 15 mm below
the upper edge of the winter loadline.

The vessel is to load the maximum possible cargo for a voyage in a Summer
Zone.

Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars; calculate EACH of the following:

(i) the sinkage required at the load port; (12)

(ii) the weight of cargo still to load (ignore the effects of fuel consumption
for the passage to sea). (6)

Page 81
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q1(a) 10 JULY 2019

(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)

GH
5.555 m

K K

Condition: ‘X’ Condition: ‘Y’

Page 82
Candidate’s Name ……………………………………………..… Examination Centre ……………………………………………………
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q1(b) 10 JULY 2019

(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)

Condition ‘X’ - GZ curve

Condition ‘Y’ - GZ curve

Candidate’s Name ……………………………… Examination Centre …………………………………………

Page 83
2019 May
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Explain EACH of the following terms:

(i) Displacement; (2)

(ii) Light ship. (2)

(b) A vessel is loading in a Winter Zone port, in salt water, and has the
following particulars:

Even keel draught 4.070 m. LBP 137.50 m.

The vessel has a Summer displacement of 19050 t and a Light ship

displacement of 3821 t.

The vessel is to depart on her marks.

(i) Using Datasheet Q1 (b) Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the vessel's

Winter deadweight. (7)

(ii) Calculate the cargo to load if the vessel still has the following
operations to carry out:

discharge 2580 t of ballast

load 129 t of fuel oil
load 45 t of fresh water. (9)

Page 84
2019 May
2. (a) A vessel is discharging in a fresh water port, initially upright and starboard
side to.

Present condition:

Displacement 22, 500 t KG solid 8.06 m KM 9.00 m - assume constant.

FSM 1800 tm.

The vessel's heavy lift crane is to be used to discharge a boiler of 110 t

from the lower hold, Kg 5.00 m and 12.25 m to port of the centreline.

The crane is 28.75 m above the keel and 19.00 m from the ship's centreline
when plumbing overside.

Calculate the maximum angle of list during the discharge. (10)

(b) Sketch a GZ curve for a stable vessel in a listed condition.

On the sketch, indicate EACH of the following:

• GM 0.92 m

• List 6.0 degrees

• Range of positive stability 74 degrees

• Maximum GZ 0.85 m at 43 degrees

• The angle of vanishing stability. (10)

I
Page 85
2019 March
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) List the information that can be extracted from a curve of statical stability. (8)

(b) Explain the term neutral equilibrium. (4)

(c) A vessel is floating upright in fresh water at a mean draft of 5.630 m.

Solid KG is 7. 13 m and there is a total Free Surface Correction (FSC) of
0.25 m.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the Righting Moment at an

angle of heel of 5° . (8)

2. A general cargo vessel LBP 137.50 m is floating in salt water at an even keel
draught of 8.500 m. Initial effective KG is 7.72 m. She has completed loading
operations and departs on passage.

During the passage a total of 241 t of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) is consumed from an
initially full double bottom tank, leaving it slack. Details of the consumed HFO
are as follows:

Kg: 0.70 m Leg: 35.00 m

Free Surface Moments (FSM) for the remaining HFO are 915 t-m.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the following for the
vessel on arrival at the next port in salt water:

(a) the effective metacentric height; (8)

(b) the draughts on arrival. (12)

Page 86
2019 February
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) A vessel is alongside, port side to and is initially upright with KG 8.20 m.
A heavy lift on the quayside is to be loaded and stowed in the lower hold at
Kg 5.00 m, 12.50 m to starboard of the centreline.

The lift is to be loaded using the vessel's own crane.

There are four stages to the operation.

Stage 1 - when the weight is initially lifted from the quayside, 20.00 m
to port of the centreline.

Stage 2 - when the crane is slewed to starboard and is over the

centreline.

Stage 3 - when the crane is slewed further to starboard over the

stowage position.

Stage 4 - when the weight has been loaded in the stowage position.

(i) Using Worksheet Q1 (a), indicate the position of the vessel's Centre of
Gravity at EACH stage of the operation. ( 8)

(ii) For Stage 3 and Stage 4 of the operation, describe the effect on the
vessel's metacentric height and the effect on any possible list. ( 8)

Note: the vessel ;s stable throughout the operaUon.

(b) Explain how a decrease in a vessel's displacement will affect an angle of list
due to an off centre weight. (4)

Note: assume KM ;s constant.

Page 87
Page 88
2019 February
2. (a) Explain the term TPC. (4)

(b) (i) A vessel is floating upright in salt water at displacement 6207 t, with an
effective GM 2.12 m.

The vessel has port and starboard upper wing ballast tanks, with
rectangular cross section.

Each tank measures length 18.00 m, breadth 5.00 m, and depth 4.00 m.
Kg of the tanks when full is 12.90 m.

Both of the tanks are empty and are to be partially filled with salt
water.

Free surface moment for ONE tank is 192 tm.

Using Datasheet Q2(b) Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the GM when

the tanks are filled to 50% capacity. (13)

(ii) After ballasting, the vessel is to load 14223 t of cargo.

Using Datasheet Q2(b) Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the mean

draught after loading the cargo. (3)

Page 89
2018 November
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Explain the term unstable equilibrium. (3)

(b) Sketch an initially unstable vessel heeled by an external force to a small

angle.

The sketch should clearly indicate the positions of G, B and M and Z as

appropriate. The sketch should also indicate the action of the relevant
forces. (6)

(c) Worksheet Q1 (c) shows a vessel lolled to port.

There are EMPTY double bottom tanks to port and starboard (tanks A and
B).

Both tanks are of equal dimensions.

State the preferred method of correcting the angle of loll by filling these
tanks, giving reasons.

On Worksheet Q1 (c), show the position of G for EACH stage of the

operation.

Note: both tanks are to be filled to attain positive stability. (6)

(d) A vessel of displacement 15040 t and KM 8.33 m (constant) has a negative

GM of 0.02 m.
Calculate the minimum amount of ballast to load in a double bottom
tank Kg 1.80 m to achieve a positive GM of 0.15 m.

Note: assume no change in free surface moments. (5)

Page 90
2018 November
2. (a) A vessel is floating in salt water, present draughts F 6. 710 m, A 8.000 m.

LBP 137.50 m
The vessel is to sail with a trim of 0.700 m by the stern.

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the quantity of

ballast to transfer, and in which direction, between the fore peak tank
(Leg 130.56 m) and the aft peak tank (Leg 3.07 m) so that the vessel will sail
with the required trim. (12)
(b) A vessel LBP 137.50 m, is floating at an even keel draught of 4.000 m,
KG 9.50 m

Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars provides the necessary data for the

vessel.

Using Worksheet Q2(b) indicate the position of EACH of the following,

giving reasons for EACH choice:

(i) Centre of Buoyancy; (3)

(ii) Centre of Gravity; (3)

(iii) Centre of Floatation. (2)

Page 91
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q1(c) 28 NOVEMBER 2018
(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)

Port Stbd

G
M

B
A
K

Page 92
Candidate’s Name ……………………………………………..… Examination Centre ………………………………………………
034-84 STABILITY AND OPERATIONS WORKSHEET Q2(b) 28 NOVEMBER 2018
(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)

Midships

4.000 4.000

Aft Fwd
Perp Perp

Clearly label and indicate the position of EACH of the following;

(i) Centre of Buoyancy (B),
(ii) Centre of Gravity (G),
(iii) Centre of Floatation (F).

Candidate’s Name ……………………………………………..… Examination Centre ………………………………………………

Page 93
2018 October
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) State how a vessel's mean draught will change when passing from fresh
water to dock water. (2)
(b) Explain why the draught changes as stated in your answer for Q1 (a) above. (3)
(c) A vessel is at anchor outside a river port in salt water. The vessel is even
keel and floating at her summer draught of 9.400 m.

Summer Displacement = 22065 t TPCsw (constant) = 25.30 t

(i) Calculate the weight of cargo that must be discharged into barges so
that the vessel can pass over a bar at the port entrance (RD 1.025)
where the depth of water is 10.40 m, with an underkeel clearance of
1.60 m. (5)

(ii) Ignoring the effects of fuel consumption, calculate the vessel's new
mean draught on arrival at an upriver berth where the dock water RD is
1.010. (4)

(iii) At the berth 690 t of cargo is discharged and 220 t of bunkers loaded.
Calculate the new draught at the berth (RD 1.010). (6)

il
i
f

Page 94
2018 October
2. (a) A vessel LBP 137.50 m is floating upright in salt water at the following
draughts:

For'd: 6.200 m Aft: 7.500 m

The vessel is required to cross a shoal where the depth at high water is
7.50 m with an underkeel clearance of 0.50 m.

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the

following:

(i) the quantity of ballast to transfer, and in which direction, between the
fore peak tank (Leg 130.56 m) and the aft peak tank (Leg 3.07 m) so that
the vessel will pass over the shoal at the correct draught; (14)

(ii) the draught forward when passing over the shoal. (3)

(b) Sketch a profile view of the vessel in Q2(a) at the time of crossing the shoal,
indicating EACH of the following:

(i) the position of LCF relative to midships; (2)

(ii) TMD. ( 1)

Page 95
2018 July
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Explain EACH of the following terms:

(i) Neutral equilibrium; (3)

(ii) Unstable equilibrium. (3)
(b) With reference to Worksheet Q1 (b), state EACH of the following for the
TWO curves, 'Condition X' and 'Condition Y':

(i) condition of initial stability; (4)

(ii) approximate initial metacentric height (indicate on the graph how this
value has been obtained); (2)

(iii) range of stability (indicate the range on the graph). (4)

(c) With reference to Worksheet Q1 (b), GZ curve Condition 'X', calculate the
maximum righting moment if the displacement of the vessel is 19,006 t. (4)

2. (a) A vessel is floating in fresh water at a draught of 5.307 m and is listed 2.1°
to port. KG 7.99 m.

The vessel has to load 425 t of cargo and is to be upright on completion.

Space is available 10.50 m to port of the centreline and 8.75 m to starboard

of the centreline.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the cargo to load in

EACH space to be upright on completion of loading. (14)

(b) Explain EACH of the following terms:

(i) centre of gravity; (2)

(ii) centre of buoyancy. (4)

Page 96
Page 97
�����:::::::=====================:::::::a::::a::::::-=::::;;;;;;;;;;;;z___________,,,,

2018 May
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Explain Archimedes Principle. (4)

(b) A vessel is in dock water (RD 1.017) and is to load a full cargo. The vessel is
floating at an even keel draught of 5.715 m and is nearing the end of loading
operations.

Waterline length: 30 m Waterline Breadth: 22 m Cw: 0.86

Calculate the final mean draught after loading the last 700 t of cargo and
discharging 200 t of ballast. (8)

(c) A vessel is in salt water at an initial displacement of 15976 t and then loads
2264 t of cargo.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the final mean draught in

salt water, using the appropriate TPC values. (8)

2. A vessel is initially floating in salt water at a displacement of 15742 t, starboard

side to.

The vessel is even keel but has an initial list of 1.5° to starboard. Initial KG is
7.45 m.

The following operations are then carried out:

Load 205 t at Kg 6.75 m, 6 m to starboard

Load 95 t at Kg 7.95 m, 3 m to port
Discharge 80 t from Kg 3.66 m, 5 m to starboard
Load 180 t HFO at Kg 1.60 m, on the centreline - causes a FSM of 1654 t-m

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the following:

(a) the final angle and direction of list after operations are complete; (17)

(b) the weight of ballast to be transferred between No.3 DB port and starboard
tanks to bring the vessel to the upright position. (3)

Note: EACH DB tank is rectangular, with a breadth of 9.00 m and is already slack.

Page 98
2018 March
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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SECTION A

1 (a) A vessel is floating upright in salt water at an even keel draught of 5.500 m,
fluid KG 8.20 m.

The vessel has a rectangular double bottom of length 12.00 m, breadth

13.20 m, which is subdivided by a watertight longitudinal centreline division
into port and starboard compartments of equal dimensions.

The starboard side compartment is slack and contains fuel oil (R.D. 0.86) to
a depth of 1.80 m. The free surface moment for this compartment is
247 t.m.

The port side compartment is empty.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the angle and direction

of list if half the fuel oil is transferred from the starboard side compartment
to the port side compartment. (14)

(b) (i) Describe the effect on a free surface if a tank is longitudinally

subdivided into two equally sized compartments. (4)

(ii) The free surface moment for a tank containing fresh water is given as
853 t.m.

Calculate the free surface moment if the tank contains fuel oil with an
R.D. of 0.86. (2)

Page 99
2018 March
2 (a) (i) A load placed amidships aboard a ship causes the draught forward to
change less than the draught aft.

State where the longitudinal centre of floatation is with respect to

amidships. ( 2)

(ii) State the effect on a vessel's trim if a load is placed on the vessel at
the longitudinal centre of flotation. (2)

(b) (i) A vessel is floating in a fresh water port at an even keel draught of
8.010 m with a KG of 8.15 m.

The following operations are carried out:

Load 120 t of cargo at Kg 4.30 m,

Load 790 t of cargo at Kg 10.00 m.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the metacentric

height after loading. (7)

(ii) After loading, the vessel in Q2(b)(i) is required to sail with a GM of

0.25 m.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the amount of cargo

transfer between the tween deck Kg 14.50 m and the lower hold
Kg 3.90 m to achieve the required GM. (9)

Page 100
2018 February
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Explain EACH of the following:

(i) Density; (2)

(ii) Relative Density. (3)

(b) A bulk carrier is loading upriver in a fresh water port. She is upright at an
even keel draught with the waterline 420 mm below the upper edge of the
summer loadline.

The ship has a summer displacement of 42040 t which corresponds to a

summer load draught of 11.37 m. The TPCsw corresponding to summer
draught is 38.15 t.

Assuming a TPCsw of 38.60 t (constant), calculate the maximum weight of

cargo that can be loaded for a voyage in a Tropical zone. The vessel will
consume 24 t of fuel oil during the passage from the berth to the open
sea. (15)

Page 101
2018 February
2. (a) (i) A vessel LBP 146 m arrives in a salt water port for cargo operations.

Draughts on arrival are as follows:

For'd: 7.700 m Aft: 8.400 m

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the vessel's (8)

initial LCG on arrival at the load port.

(ii) After arrival, the vessel in Q2(a)(i) above is brought to even keel by
transferring ballast. State the new LCG of the vessel after it has been (2)
brought to even keel.

(b) A vessel is alongside a berth in fresh water at an even keel draft of 7.00 m.

Cargo operations are then carried out as follows:

Discharge 1693 t from leg 88.15 m foap;

Discharge 2245 t from leg 70.50 m foap
Load 2155 t at 84.23 m foap;

The vessel is required to sail with a trim by the stern. This must not exceed
0.40 m.

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars, state, with reasons, if the

vessel may sail after cargo operations are complete. (10)

Page 102
2017 November
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Explain EACH of the following:

(i) the reasons for loadlines; (3)

(ii) the reasons for loadline zones. (2)

(b) A vessel has the following particulars:

Summer Displacement 104981 t TPCsw 90.22 (constant)

Moulded depth 19. 570 m Summer Freeboard 6733 mm

(i) Calculate EACH of the following draughts:

Summer, Winter, Tropical Fresh. (8)

(ii) The vessel is loading in port in dock water RD 1.019. Present draught
12.400 m.

Calculate the maximum weight of cargo that can be loaded if the vessel
is to be at her winter marks in salt water. (7)

Page 103
2017 November
2. A vessel is floating in a fresh water port at an even keel draught of 8.010 m with
a KG of 8.15 m.

The following operations are carried out:

Load 120 t of cargo at Kg 4.30 m,

Load 790 t of cargo at Kg 10.00 m,
Shift 50 t of cargo from Kg 3.40 m to Kg 14.00 m.

(a) Using Datasheet Q2 Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the metacentric

height on completion of these operations. (7)

(b) The vessel is to load additional cargo to sail at a displacement of 18500 t

with a GM of 0.30 m.

Using Datasheet Q2 Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the

following:

(i) the Kg of the cargo still to load to sail with the required GM; (10)

(ii) the vessel's mean draught when in salt water. (3)

Note: the vessel is NOT fully loaded at this displacement.

Page 104
2017 October
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS
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Section A

1. (a) List the information that can be extracted from a curve of statical stability. (8)

(b) Explain the term TPC. (4)

(c) A vessel is in dock water RD 1.018 and is to load a full cargo. She is floating
upright at an even keel draught of 10.150 m and is nearing the end of
loading operations.

Waterline length: 166 m Waterline Breadth: 26 m Cw: 0.88

Calculate the final mean draught after a remaining 2000 t of cargo is

loaded. (8)

2. A general cargo vessel LBP 137. 50 m is floating in salt water at an even keel
draught of 8.650 m. Initial effective KG is 7.82 m. She has completed loading
operations and departs on passage.

During the passage a total of 250 t of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) is consumed from an
initially full double bottom tank, leaving it slack. Details of the consumed HFO
are as follows:

Kg: 0.65 m Leg: 58.00 m

Free Surface Moments (FSM) for the remaining HFO are 812 t-m

Using Datasheet Q2 · Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the following for

the vessel on arrival at the next port in salt water:

(a) the effective metacentric height; (9)

(b) the deepest draught. (11)

Page 105
2017 July
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Explain the difference between an angle of list and an angle of loll. (7)
(b) A vessel is floating in dock water RD 1.008 at a mean draught of 5.850 m
and is listed to 3.1° to port.

Space remains available for cargo in the hold at Kg 8.00 m.

Displacement 11762 t KG 7.72 m.

KM 8.57 m TPCFw 21.85 (constant)

(i) Calculate the weight of cargo to load in the hold, 11.00 m to starboard
of the centreline in order to correct the list. (5)

(ii) The vessel in Q1(b)(i) then loads 85 t of fuel oil on the centreline at
Kg 2.20 m causing a free surface moment of 625 t.m.

Calculate both the mean draught and effective KG on completion of

operations. (8)

2. (a) A vessel is alongside a berth in fresh water at an even keel draught of

4.814 m.

Cargo operations are then carried out as follows:

Load 1524 t at Leg 118.48 m foap;

Load 2208 t at Leg 17.26 m foap;
Discharge 1185 t at Leg 45.88 m foap.

The vessel cannot sail with a trim of more than 0.50 m by the stern.

Using Datasheet Q2(a) - Hydrostatic Particulars, state, with reasons, if the

vessel may sail after cargo operations are complete. (12)

(b) Explain the term LCB. (4)

(c) A load discharged amidships from a ship causes the draught forward to
change less than the draught aft.

With the aid of a sketch, explain where the longitudinal centre of

floatation is relative to amidships. (4)

Page 106
2017 M a y
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Marks for each part question are shown in brackets

Section A
1 (a) Explain EACH of the following terms:

(i) initial transverse metacentre; (3)

(ii) initial metacentric height. (2)

(b) Sketch an initially stable vessel listed to a small angle. The sketch should
clearly indicate the positions of G, B and M in the listed condition and the
angle of list. The sketch should also indicate the action of the relevant
forces. (5)

(c) Explain the difference between an angle of list and an angle of loll. (4)

(d) Outline the methods of correcting an angle of loll using ballast on a typical
cargo ship which has empty double bottom tanks of equal dimensions and a
single centreline division. (6)

2 A vessel is initially floating in salt water at a displacement of 17639 t, port side

to. She is even keel but has an initial list of 2 ° to port. Initial KG (solid) is
7.50 m and FSC before operations is 0.18 m. Cargo is then worked as follows:

Load 175 t at Kg 6.20 m, 4.50 m to port of centreline

Load 207 t at Kg 8.00 m, 2.20 m to starboard of the centreline
Discharge 100 t from Kg 4.50 m, 5.00 m to port of the centreline
Load 350 t HFO at Kg 0.90 m on the centreline - causes a FSM of 960 t-m

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the following:

(a) the final angle of list after completion of all operations; (17)

(b) the weight of ballast that must be transferred, and in which direction,
between No 4 port and starboard double bottom ballast tanks so that the
vessel finishes upright. (3)

Note: EACH double bottom tank is rectangular with a breadth of 9.0 m and
is already slack.

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2017 M a r c h
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Section A

1. (a) Explain EACH of the following:

(i) DWA; (2)

(ii) TPC. (2)
(b) A vessel is loading at a port RD 1.015 in a Tropical Zone. The waterline is
125 mm below the lower edge of the Summer load line.

Summer draught 11.520 m Summer displacement 22932 t

TPCsw 24.00 t (constant)

(i) Calculate the sinkage required in port in order that the vessel will be on her
Tropical marks in the open sea. (10)

(ii) Calculate the maximum quantity of cargo that may be loaded, given that
145 t of bunkers are still to be loaded prior to departure. (6)

2. (a) A vessel LBP 142 m is floating in salt water at an even keel draught of
8.400 m.

The following cargo operations are then carried out:

Discharge 875 t from leg 70.50 m foap

Discharge 790 t from leg 62.00 m foap
Load 670 t at leg 72.00 m foap

Using Datasheet Q2 Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the final draughts

after completion of cargo operations. (18)

(b) Explain the term LCF. (2)

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SECTION A

1. (a) A vessel is initially upright KG 9.50 m, with a heavy lift stowed at

Kg 3.00 m, 10.00 m to port of the centreline.

The lift is to be transferred to starboard of the centre line to a position

Kg 2.00 m, 12.00 m to starboard of the centreline using the vessel's crane.

There are four stages to the operation as follows:

Stage 1 when the weight is initially lifted;

Stage 2 when the crane is slewed to starboard and is over the centreline;

Stage 3 when the crane is slewed to 12.00 m to the starboard of the

centreline;

Stage 4 when the weight has been placed in the stowage position.

(i) Using Worksheet Q1 (a) show the position of the vessel's Centre of
Gravity at EACH stage of the operation. (4)

(ii) For EACH stage describe the effect on the metacentric height and the
effect on any possible list. (12)

Note: the vessel is stable throughout the operation.

(b) Explain how an increase in a vessel's displacement will effect an angle of

list due to an off centre weight. (4)

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2017 F e b r u a r y
2. A vessel is floating in fresh water, present draughts F 5.700 m A 6.700 m.

KG 7.00 m. LBP 137.5 m.

(a) Using Datasheet Q2(a)-Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the position of the t

ship's LCG at these draughts. (11 )

(b) Using Worksheet Q2(b) clearly indicate the position of EACH of the
following, giving reasons for EACH choice:

(i) Centre of Gravity as calculated in Q2(a), showing the weight force; (3)

(ii) Centre of Buoyancy showing the buoyancy force; (3)

(iii) Calculate the vessel's Longitudinal Centre of Flotation (LCF) for the
vessel's present condition and show this on the worksheet. (3)

Page 111
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2016 N o v e m b e r
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. A ship has a summer draught of 12.00 m, a summer displacement of 14000 t and

a TPC in salt water of 25.0 (constant).

The vessel has taken on fuel, stores and cargo, and is currently alongside in dock
water, RD 1.010, at a draught of 11.850 m.

The vessel is to sail the entire voyage within the Summer Zone. Charterer's
instructions are to load the maximum possible cargo.

(a) Determine the additional cargo that may be loaded at the draught of
11.850 m so that she sails on her summer mark when at sea. (10)

(b) After loading addition cargo in Q1 (a), the water depth is 13.50 m at berth.
At the harbour entrance, where the water is salt water, RD 1.025, the water
depth is 15.000 m.

(i) Assuming that the vessel is on an even keel, determine the under-keel
clearance on the berth after loading the cargo as found in Q1 (a). (3)

(ii) Assuming that the vessel remains on an even keel, and that the fuel
consumption is negligible, determine the under-keel clearance at the
harbour entrance after loading the cargo as found in Q1 (a). (2)

(c) Explain the reasons for loadlines and loadline zones. (5)

2. (a) A ship is floating in a salt water port at a displacement of 12237 t, port side
alongside. She is on even keel with a list of 1.1° to starboard.

KG (solid) 7.53 m FSM 1245 t-m

There is 60 t weight on the quay side at a position 15.00 m from the

centreline which is to be loaded on board using the ship's crane, the head
of which is 30 m above the keel.

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the angle of list when

the cargo is lifted clear of the quay. (15)

(b) Sketch a stable vessel listed to a small angle and clearly indicate the
positions of G, B and M and show the action of different forces. (5)

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f

SECTION A

1. (a) Using Worksheet Q1 (a), identify and explain EACH of the following terms:

(i) length between perpendiculars; (4)

(ii) length overall; (3)

(iii) waterline length. (2)

(b) Explain, with the aid of a sketch, how the centre of floatation moves, and in
which direction, as a vessel's draught increases from light ship to the loaded
draught. (5)

(c) A vessel has a long period roll and is slow to return to the initial position.

(i) Describe the initial condition of stability of the vessel. (2)

(ii) Sketch the vessel's curve of statical stability. (4)

2. (a) A vessel is floating upright in salt water, displacement 19086 t, and is

stable with a GM of 2.05 m.

The vessel has port and starboard upper wing ballast tanks, with
rectangular cross-section, each containing 550 t of fresh water ballast.

Each tank measures length 20.00 m, breadth 5.00 m, and depth 5.50 m.
Kg of the tanks when full is 12.50 m.

Both of the tanks are to be partially discharged.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars calculate the GM when 20% of

ballast has been discharged from EACH tank. (10)

Free surface moment for EACH tank is 208 tm.

(b) (i) Define the term free surface effect, explaining how it affects the ship's
stability. (6)

(ii) State the possible consequences of free surface effect. (4)

Page 114
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2016 July
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Sketch a stable vessel listed to a small angle. The sketch should clearly
indicate the positions of G, B and M and should also show the action of
different forces. (5)

(b) Sketch a curve of statical stability for a vessel listed to an angle of 10° with
a range of stability 65° . (5)

(c) A vessel is at a mean draught of 7.750 m in dock water RD 1.012 and is

listed 4° to port.

KG 8.05 m KM 9.20 m TPCsw 27.50 t Displacement 12300 t

(i) Calculate the weight of cargo to load in the hold 8.50 m off the
centreline to finish upright. (5)

(ii) The vessel in Q1(c)(i) now loads a further 350 t of bunkers. Calculate
the mean draught on completion of loading. (5)

2. (a) Explain the term Free Surface Effect. (2)

(b) A vessel is initially upright in salt water at an even keel draught of 6.300 m
with an effective KG of 7.85 m.

The vessel has port and starboard double bottom tanks. EACH tank has the
following dimensions:

Length 27.0 m Breadth 8.3 m Depth 3.2 m

Both tanks are then partially filled with heavy fuel oil RD 0.98 to an ullage
of 1.80 m.

(i) Using Datasheet Q2(b) - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the vessel's

final GM allowing for a total Free Surface Correction (FSC) of 0.69 m. (12)

(ii) Calculate the quantity of cargo that must then be loaded at Kg 4.70 m
so that the vessel can sail with an effective GM of 0.60 m. (6)

Note: Assume the KM and the FSC are constant.

[
Page 116
2016 J u n e
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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SECTION A

1. A vessel LBP 100 m is loading in a Winter North Atlantic port, in winter, in dock
water (RD 1.015).

The vessel is upright at an even keel draught with the waterline 450 mm below
the upper edge of the summer loadline.

The vessel has a Summer draught of 8.800 m.

The vessel is to be fully loaded so that she will be on the correct mark in open
sea (ignoring the effects of fuel ·consumption for the passage to sea).

Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the following:

(a) the sinkage required in port in order that the vessel will be fully loaded; (11)

(b) assuming a mean TPC (salt water) of 24.07 t (constant), the maximum
weight of cargo still to load; (4)

(c) the vessel's displacement on sailing. (5)

Page 117
2016 J u n e
2. (a) A vessel floating upright in salt water, is at anchor at a displacement
12700 t and KG 7.00 m.

There are TWO heavy lifts on deck at the following positions.

75 t at Kg 14.50 m, 12.00 m to port of the centreline.

125 t at Kg 18.90 m, 11.00 m to starboard of the centreline.

The 75 t lift will be discharged into a barge on the port side.

The 125 t lift will be discharged into a barge on the starboard side.

Both heavy lifts will be discharged using the vessel's own crane.

The head of the crane is at 32.00 m above the keel and each barge is
18.00 m off the centreline.

Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the maximum list

during the discharge, after the 75 t weight on the port side has been
discharged first. (11)

(b) Using Worksheet Q2 - GZ Curve, determine EACH of the following:

(i) the condition of stability of the vessel; (2) f,

r
(ii) range of positive stability; (2)
"·'
}
(iii) angle of vanishing stability; (1)

(iv) approximate initial GM (indicate on the graph how this value has been
obtained). (2)

(c) Using Worksheet Q2, calculate the righting moment at an angle of heel of
30 degrees if the displacement is 15500 t. (2)

Page 118
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Section A
1. (a) Define metacentric height. (2)
(b) A cargo ship LBP 137.50 m is floating in salt water at an even keel draught
of 7.00 m. Initial metacentric height is 0.34 m. She has completed
loading operations and departs on passage.

During the passage a total of 231 t of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) is consumed from
an initially full double bottom tank, leaving the tank slack. Details of the
consumed HFO are as follows:

Kg: 1.00 m Leg: 40.00 m foap FSM: 500 t-m

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the following

after the HFO has been consumed:

(i) the effective metacentric height; (9)

(ii) the resulting trim. (9)

Page 120
2016 M a r c h
2. (a) A ship is floating upright in salt water at an even keel draught of 7.750 m.
The KG (solid) is 7.00 m.

The following operations are then carried out:

Load 450 t at Kg 6.50 m, 2.00 m to port of the centreline

Load 350 t at Kg 9.10 m, 4.00 m to starboard of the centreline
Discharge 918 t of ballast from Kg 2.00 m, the tank is on the centreline.
The tank remains slack and the FSM caused by this slack tank is 1600 t-m.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the list on completion of

operations. (10)

(b) Using Worksheet Q2(b) GZ Curve, label and determine EACH of the
following:

(i) the approximate initial GM; (2)

(ii) the approximate angle of deck edge immersion; (2)
(iii) the angle of vanishing stability; (2)
(iv) the maximum GZ value and the angle at which it occurs; (2)
(v) the range of positive stability. (2)

Page 121
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2015 December
ST ABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) With reference to Datasheet Q1 (a) - GZ Curve, determine EACH of the

following:

(i) the initial condition of stability; (2)

(ii) range of stability; (1)
(iii) angle of vanishing stability; (1)
(iv) approximate initial metacentric height; (2)
(v) approximate angle of deck edge immersion. (1)

(b) Explain the relationship between equilibrium and the angle of loll. (5)
(c) A vessel is initially floating in fresh water at an even keel draught of 6.45 m
and has almost completed cargo operations.

Waterline length: 130 m Waterline breadth: 18 m Cw:0.83 (assume constant)

Calculate the final mean draft after the last 25 t of cargo has been
discharged. (8)

2. (a) Explain the term Free Surface Correction. (4)

(b) A general cargo vessel is initially upright and at even keel in salt water at a
displacement of 13201 t. KG is 8.20 m. The following cargo operations are
carried out:

Load 300 t at kg 4.20 m, 2.60 m to port of the centreline;

Load 155 t at kg 2.20 m, 8.00 m to starboard of the centreline;
Load 310 t at kg 3.10 m, 3.50 m to port of the centreline;
Discharge 225 t from kg 6.60 m, 4.1 m to port of the centreline.

The vessel then loads bunkers (RD 0.96) into NO. 5 Port DB tank to a depth of
1.20 m, causing a free surface moment of 817 t-m.

No.5 DB tank is rectangular and is subdivided by a single centreline division

into two tanks of equal dimensions - No.5 Starboard DB tank and No.5 Port
DB tank. EACH tank has the following dimensions:

Length 14.00 m Breadth: 9.00 m Depth: 1.50 m

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the final angle of list

after all cargo and bunkering operations are completed. (16)

Page 123
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2015 October
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) (i) State how a vessel's mean draft changes when passing from dock water
to salt water. (2)

(ii) Explain why the draft changes as stated in your answer for Q1(a)(i)
above. (3)

(b) A bulk carrier is loading in a dock water port (RD 1.008). She is upright and
at an even keel draft with the waterline 300 mm below the upper edge of
the summer loadline.

The vessel has a summer displacement of 15240 t which corresponds to a

summer draft of 7.20 m.

Using a TPCsw of 21.4 t (constant), calculate the maximum weight of cargo

that can be loaded if the vessel is to load for a Tropical zone, given that
1 00t of MOO is still to be loaded prior to departure. (15)

2. (a) Explain the term 'LCB'. (2)

(i) A vessel LBP 143 m arrives in a salt water port for cargo operations.
Drafts on arrival are as follows:

For'd: 6.65 m Aft: 7.35 m

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the vessel's

initial LCG on arrival at the load port. (7)

(ii) After arrival, the vessel in part (i) above is brought to even keel by
transferring ballast. State the new LCG of the vessel after it has been
brought to even keel. (1)

(b) A vessel is alongside a berth is salt water at an even keel draft of 8.00 m.

Cargo operations are then carried out as follows:

Discharge 1747 t from leg 87.65 m foap;

Discharge 2269 t from leg 71. 50 m foap
Load 2134 t at 85.32 m foap;

The vessel cannot sail with a trim of more than 0.50 m by the stern.

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars, state, with reasons, if the

vessel may sail after cargo operations are complete. (10)

Page 125
2015 July
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Section A

I. A vessel is at anchor outside a river port in salt water. She is even keel and
floating at her summer draught of 6.95 m.

Summer Displacement = 13194 t TPC5w (constant)= 21.60 t

(a) Calculate the weight of cargo that must be discharged into barges so that
the vessel can pass over a bar at the port entrance (RD 1.025) where the
depth of water is 7.35 m, with an underkeel clearance of 1.00 m. (4)

(b) Ignoring the effects of fuel consumption, calculate the vessel's new mean
draft on arrival at an upriver berth where the dock water RD is 1.006. (4)

(c) At the berth 600t of cargo is discharged and 90t of bunkers loaded.
Calculate the new draught at the berth (RD 1.006). (5)

(d) Explain EACH of the following terms:

(i) Dock water allowance; (3)

(ii) TPC. (4)

Page 126
2015 July
2. A vessel is initially lying in salt water at a displacement of 9202 t and has a port
list of two degrees. Initial KG (fluid) is 8.15 m. Cargo is then worked as follows:

Load 133 t at Kg 6.0 m, 2.9 m to port of centreline

Discharge 144 t from Kg 3.5 m, on the centreline

120 t of bunkers are then loaded into No. 5 DB starboard double bottom tank,
causing a free surface moment of 590 t-m.

The Kg of the bunkers is 1 .1 0 m and the transverse centre of gravity of the tank
is 4.0 m from the centreline.

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars:

(a) calculate the final angle of list after completion of all operations;

(b) calculate the weight of ballast that must be transferred, and in which
direction, between No 4 port and starboard double bottom ballast tanks so
that the vessel finishes upright. (15)

Note: EACH double bottom tank is rectangular with a breadth of 8.0 m and
is already slack. (5)

Page 127
2015 June
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Section A

1. (a) Explain EACH of the following terms:

(i) initial transverse metacentre; (3)

(ii) initial metacentric height. (2)
(b) Sketch a stable vessel listed to a small angle. The sketch should clearly
indicate the positions of G, B and M in the listed condition as· well as the
angle of list. (5)
(c) Explain the difference between an angle of list and an angle of loll. (4)
(d) Outline the methods of correcting an angle of loll using ballast on a typical
general cargo · ship which has empty double bottom tanks of equal
dimensions and a single centreline division. (6 )

2. (a) A vessel is initially floating upright in salt water at an even keel draft of
6.00 m, port side alongside. The initial KG (solid) is 7.63 m and the total
Free Surface Moments at the time of cargo operations are 1264 t-m.

A 60 t transformer is to be discharged using the ship's own heavy lift

derrick, the head of which is 19 m above. the keel. At present the
transformer is stowed in the hold at a Kg of 3.5 m, 2.0 m to starboard of the
centreline and it is to be landed on the quay at a distance of 12.0 m from
the centreline.

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the maximum angle

and direction of list during the discharge. (16)

(b) Explain why it is important that free surfaces are minimised during heavy
lift operations. (4)

Page 128
2015 March
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Sketch a vessel with initial neutral stability heeled to a small angle. The
sketch should clearly indicate the positions of G, B and M and should also
show the action of the forces. (5)

(b) A vessel is nearing the end of loading and is floating at a mean draft of
5.95m in dock water RD 1.010. She is listed 1.5° to starboard. Space
remains available for cargo on the tanktop at Kg 2.40 m.

KG 7.94 m KM 8.85 m (constant) TPC5w24.6 t (constant)

Displacement 12673 t

(i) Calculate the final weight of cargo to load on the tanktop, 4. 50 m to

port of the centreline in order to correct the list. (5)

(ii) The vessel in Q1(b)(i) then loads 220 t of bunkers at kg 1.50 m, on the
centreline, causing a Free Surface Moment of 1763 t-m.

Calculate BOTH the mean draft and effective metacentric height on

completion of loading. (10)

2. (a) A vessel is initially floating upright and even keel in salt water at a
displacement of 12748 t, starboard side alongside.

KG (solid) 6.15 m FSM 1956 t-m

There are TWO 85 t weights on the quay at a distance of 12.0 m from the
centreline which are to be loading using the ship's own derrick. The head
of the derrick is 25.0 m above the keel.

Each weight will be loaded on deck at Kg 10.5 m. One weight will be loaded
4.0 m to port of the centreline and the other will be loaded 4.0 m to
starboard of the centreline.

Using Datasheet Q2(a) - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the maximum

angle and direction of list that will occur during loading if the inboard
weight is to be loaded first. (16)

(b) Explain why free surfaces should be eliminated or minimised during heavy
lift operations. (4)

Page 129
2015 February
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) With the aid of a sketch, explain the relationship between a vessel being at
an angle of loll and in a state of equilibrium. (5)

(b) A vessel is at a mean draught of 6.84 m in dock water RD 1.012 and is listed
2° to port. Space remains available for cargo on the tanktop at Kg 2.50 m.

KG 8.31 m KM 9.10 m TPC (SW) 27.4 t (constant) Displacement 12310 t

(i) Calculate the weight of cargo to load on the tanktop, 6.0 m to

starboard of the centreline in order to correct the list. (5)

(ii) The vessel in Q1 (b)(i) then loads 180 t bunkers on the centreline at
Kg 1.75 m, causing a total FSM of 1987 t-m. Calculate both the mean
draught and effective GM on completion of loading. (10)

2. (a) A vessel LBP 138 m is floating in salt water at the following draughts:

For'd 6.85 m Aft 7.95 m

In order to enter port the vessel must cross a bar at the entrance which has
a charted depth of 7.90 m. The vessel will cross the bar at high water
when the height of tide will be 0.35 m. Underkeel clearance required by
the owners is 0.50 m.

LCF is 68 m foap and MCTC is 108.7 t-m.

Calculate the quantity of ballast to be transferred, and in which direction,

between the fore peak tank (leg 130.20 m foap) and the aft peak tank
(leg 5.30 m foap) so that the vessel will pass over the shoal at the correct
draught. (8)

(b) A vessel LBP 138 m is lying in salt water with the following draughts:

F: 7.05 m A: 6.85 m

Using Datasheet Q2(b) Hydrostatk Particulars, calculate the position of the

ship's LCG at these draughts. (8)

(c) Explain EACH of the following:

(i) Trim; (2)

(ii) LCB. (2)

Page 130
2014 November
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) State the condition of stability for EACH of the curves on Datasheet Q1 (1) -
GZ Curve 1 and Datasheet Q1 (2) - GZ Curve 2. (4)
(b) Explain the differences between the two GZ curves in Q1 (a). (6)

(c) Using Datasheet Q1 (1) - GZ Curve 1, calculate the Righting Moment at an

angle of heel of 40 degrees if the displacement is 13790 t. (3)

(d) List the information that can be extracted from a Curve of Statical Stability. (7)

2. (a) A vessel is initially floating upright in salt water at a displacement of

13975 t, port side alongside.

KG (solid) 7.52 m Free Surface Moments 1540 t-m

There are two 70 t weights on the quay at a position 11.0 m from the
centreline. Both weights are to be loaded using the ship's own crane, the
head of which is 24.0 m above the keel.

EACH weight will be loaded on deck at Kg 10.4 m, one 3.5 m to port of the
centreline and one 3.5 m to starboard of the centreline.

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the maximum angle

and direction of list during loading if the port weight is to be loaded first. (14)

(b) A vessel is listed 2° to starboard at displacement 15040 t in salt water with

an effective GM of 0.90 m. Calculate the weight of cargo that must be
loaded at a distance of 6.0 m to port of the centreline to correct the list. (6)

Page 131
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2014 October
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

I. A vessel is at a.nchor outside a river port in salt water. She is even keel and floating at her
summer draught of 9.50 m.

Summer Displacement= 21789 t TPCsw (constant)= 24.6 t

(a) Calculate the weight of cargo that mu:;t be discharged into barges so that the vessel
can pass over a bar at the port entrance (RD l .025) where the depth of water is
I0.50 m, with an underkeel clearance of 1.50 m. (6)

(b) Ignoring the effects of fuel consumption, calculate the vessel's new mean draught on
arrival at an upriver berth where the dock water RD is 1.008. (4)

(c) At the berth 750 t of cargo is discharged and 200 t of bunkers loaded. Calculate the
new draught at the berth (RD 1.008). (6)

(d) Explain EACH of the following terms:

(i) Density; (2)

(ii) freeboard. (2)

2. A vessel LBP 139 m is floating in salt water at an even keel draught of 8.30 m. The
following cargo operations are then carried out:

Discharge 998 t from leg 72.00 m foap

Discharge 745 t from leg 58.00 m foap
Load 552 t at leg 75.90 m foap

Using Datasheet Q2 Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate EACH of the following:

(a) the final draughts after completion of cargo operations; (14)

(b) the weight of ballast to transfer, and in which direction, between the fore peak tank
(leg 130.50 m foap) and the aft peak tank (leg 5.50 m foap) so that the vessel can sail
with a trim of 0.50 m by the stem. (6)

Page 134 -
2014 July
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Explain the term Free Su,face Correction. (2)

(b) A vessel is initially upright in salt water at an even keel draft of 6.10m with a KG of
6.87 m.

A rectangular port and starboard double bottom tank EACH have the following
dimensions:

L= 23 m; B =7.5 m; D=2.0 m

The tanks are initially empty and are then partially filled with bunkers RD 0.94 to an
ullage of 0.40 m.

(i) Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars, calculate the vessel's final GM

allowing for a total Free Surface Correction of 0.88 m; (12)

(ii) Assuming KM is constant, calculate the quantity of dry cargo that must then be
loaded at Kg 4.35 m so that the vessel can sail with an effective GM of 1.20 m. (6)

2. A vessel is initially floating in salt water at a displacement of 15976 t, starboard side to.
She is even keel but has an initial list of 2° to port.

KG on arrival is 7.46 m and the following operations are carried out:

Load 185 t at Kg 6.75 m, 5 m to starboard

Load 95 t at Kg 7.95 m, 2 m to port
Discharge 102 t from Kg 4.51 m, 5 m to starboard
Load 195 t F.O. at Kg 1.20 m, on the centreline - causes a FSM of 1645 t-m

Using Datasheet 'Hydrostatic Particulars' calculate EACH of the following:

(a) the final angle and direction of list after operations are complete; (17)

(b) the weight of ballast to be transferred between No.4 DB port and starboard tanks to
bring the vessel to the upright position. (3)

Note: EACH DB tank is rectangular, with a breadth of 8.00 m and is already slack.

Page 135
2014 June
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

I. (a) Sketch a transverse cross-section of EACH of the following vessels, clearly indicating
the positions of G, B, M and Z as appropriate and showing the action of forces:

(i) an unstable vessel heeled to a small angle; (6)

(ii) a vessel with neutral stability heeled to a small angle. (5)

(b) Explain the term unstable equilibrium. (2)

(c) A vessel has a KM of 9.67 m, a KG of 8.97 m and a displacement of 14296 t.

Calculate the Righting Moment at an angle of heel of 7 ° . (3)

(d) Sketch a typical curve of statical stability for a vessel listed at an angle of 8 ° with a
range of stability of 65° and a maximum GZ of 0.20 m at 40 ° heel. (4)

2. (a) A vessel is initially upright, port side alongside, with a KG of 9 m. A heavy lift is to
be loaded using the ship's own crane. It will be stowed at Kg 3 m, 5 m to starboard of
the centreline. The heavy lift is initially on the quay at a distance of 9 m from the
centreline.

Explain, with the aid of a sketch, how the ship's centre of gravity moves:

(i) when the weight is initially lifted; (2)

(ii) when the crane has slewed to starboard and the weight is suspended at maximum
height over the stowage position; (2)

(iii) as the weight is lowered over the stowage position; (2)

(iv) when the weight has been loaded. (2)

(b) A general cargo ship is initially floating upright in fresh water at a displacement of
12799 t, starboard side alongside. KG (solid) is 7.18 m. At the time there are free
surfaces and the total Free Surface Correction is 0.48 m.

An 80 t generator is to be loaded using the ship's own derrick, the head of which is
20 m above the keel. The generator is on the quay at a position 11.5 m from the
centreline and will be loaded at Kg 3.10 m and 4 m to starboard of the centreline.

Using the Datasheet Q2(b), calculate the maximum angle and direction of list
during the loading operation. (12)

Page 136
2014 March
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Explain EACH of the following:

(i) Relative Density; (2)

(ii) Archimedes Principle. (3)

(b) A bulk carrier is loading in a dock water port (RD 1.007). She is upright at an even
keel draft with the waterline 250 mm below the upper edge of the summer Loadline.

The ship has a summer displacement of 14445 t which corresponds to a summer load
draft of 6.80m.

Assuming a TPCsw of 22.6 (constant), calculate the maximum weight of cargo that
can be loaded if the vessel is to complete at her Tropical marks, given that 90 t of
MDO is still to be loaded prior to departure. (15)

2. (a) A vessel LBP 137.5m is lying in salt water with the following drafts:

F: 6.96 m A: 7.44 m

Using Datasheet 'Hydrostatic Particulars', calculate the position of the ship's

LCG at these drafts. (8)

(b) A vessel LBP 150 m is floating in salt water at an even keel draught of 6.20 m.

The following cargo operations are then carried out:

Discharge 1463 t from leg 79 m foap

Discharge 67 t from leg 70.35 m foap
Load 1690 t at leg 91 m foap leg 91.00
Load 1900 t at leg 40 m foap leg 40.00

The maximum permissible draft aft on sailing is 7.75 m. Using Datasheet -

Hydrostatic Particulars, determine whether or not the vessel can sail after the cargo
operations detailed above. (12)

Page 137
2014 February
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

l. (a) (i) State how a vessel's mean draft changes when passing from salt water to fresh
water: ( l)

(ii) Explain why the draft changes as stated in your answer for QI (a)(i) above. (3)

(b) A vessel is alongside in a dock water port RD 1.010 to load a bulk cargo. She is
planning to stop loading at a draft of 7.00 m. All required bunkers, stores and fresh
water for the forthcoming voyage have already been taken.

Charterer's instructions require the ship to be loaded to the deepest draft possible for a
voyage in a Tropical Zone.

The vessel's FWA is 192 mm and Summer draft is 7.144 m.

In order to comply with both legal and commercial re quirements:

(i) state, with reasons, whether or not the vessel should proceed from the berth at the
planned draft of7.00 m. (3)

(ii) calculate the weight of cargo that must be either loaded or discharged so that the
vessel sails with the maximum amount ofcargo on board. ( 13)

Note: TPC (SW) is assumed constant for the range of drafts concerned at 24. I t

2. A vessel is initially tloating in salt water at a displacement of 14345 t, starboard side to.
She is even keel but has an initial list of2.5 ° to starboard.

KG on arrival is 7.85 m and the following operations are carried out:

Load 225 t at Kg 6.75 m, 5 m to starboard

Load 150 t at Kg 7.95 m, 2 m to port
Discharge 82 t from Kg 4.51 m, 5 m to starboard
Load 170 t F.O. at Kg I. IO 111, on the centreline - causes a FSM of1796 t-m

Using Datasheet Q2 - 'Hydrostatic Particulars A· calculate EACH of the following:

(a) the final angle and direction of list after operations are complete ; ( 17)

(b) the weight ofbailast to be transferred between No.3 DB port and starboard tanks to
bring the vessel to the upri ght position. (3)

Note: EACH DB rank is rec/angular. with a breadth of 8.00 111 and is already
slack.

Page 138
- -------- ----�
2013 November
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) (i) Sketch a stable vessel listed to a small angle. The sketch should clearly indicate
the positions of G, B and M and should also show the action of the different
forces. (6)

(ii) Sketch a curve of statical stability for a vessel listed to an angle of 10" with a
range of stability of 62°. (4)

(b) A vessel is at a mean draft of 5.75 m in dock water RD 1.009 and is listed 3° to
starboard.

KG 7.95 m KM 8.80 m TPC (SW) 29 t Displacement 11700 t

(i) Calculate the weight of cargo to load in the tween deck 9.50 m off the centreline
in order to finish upright. (5)

(ii) The vessel in Q2(b)(i) now loads 220 t bunkers at Kg 1.75 m. Calculate the
mean draught on completion of loading. (5)

2. (a) A vessel LBP 138 m is floating in salt water at the following draughts:

For'd 7.00 m Aft 8.55 m

In order to enter port the vessel must cross a bar at the entrance which has a charted
depth of 8.15 m. The vessel will cross the bar at high water when the height of tide
will be 0.35 m. Underkeel clearance required by the owners is 0.50 m.

LCF is 64 m foap and MCTC is 106.4 t-m.

Calculate the quantity of ballast to be transferred, and in which direction, between the
fore peak tank (leg 130.2 m foap) and the aft peak tank (leg 5.30 m foap) so that the
vessel will pass over the shoal at the correct draught. (12)

(b) Explain EACH of the following:

(i) MCTC; (2)

(ii) LCF. (3)

(c) Explain why the LCF of a vessel changes with draught. (3)

Page 139
2013 October
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

l. (a) State EACH of the following:

(i) the reason for loadlines; (3)

(ii) the reason for loadline zones. (2)

(b) A vessel is in fresh water and is to load a full cargo. She is floating at an even keel
draught of 8.34 m and is nearing the end of loading operations.

Waterline length: 120 m Waterline Breadth: 22 m Cw: 0.85(assume constant)

Calculate the final mean draft after a final 400 t of cargo is loaded. (8)

(c) A vessel is in salt water at an initial displacement of 14576 t and then loads 2346 t of
cargo. Using Datasheet- Hydrostatic Particulars "A", calculate the final draft in salt
water, using the appropriate TPC values. ( 7)

2. (a) Explain the term 'Free Surface Correction'. (2)

(b) A vessel is initially upright in salt water at an even keel draft of 5.30 m with an
effective KG of 7.75 m.

A rectangular port and starboard double bottom tank EACH have the following
dimensions:

L=25 m; B = 7.1 m; D=2.0 m

The tanks are then partially filled with bunkers RD 0.961 to an ullage of l .40 m.

(i) Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars "A", calculate the vessel's final GM
allowing for a total Free Surface Correction of 0.96 m. (12)

(ii) Assuming the KM is constant, calculate the quantity of cargo that must then be
loaded at Kg 4.50 m so that the vessel can sail with an effective GM of 0.50 m. (6)

Page 140
2013 July
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Explain the term DWA. (5)

(b) A vessel is loading in a dock water port (RD 1.008) in a Winter Zone and is upright.
Summer draught: 11.40 m FWA: 305 mm TPCsw: 27 (constant)

The waterline is 500 mm below the top edge of the Summer Loadline.

Calculate EACH of the following:

(i) the sinkage required (in mm) so that the vessel will be at her winter marks when
in salt water;
(9)
(ii) the quantity of cargo that can be loaded given that 120 t of bunkers are still to be
taken. (6)

2. (a) Describe the effect on free surface of longitudinal subdivision of a tank. (5)

(b) A ship is floating in salt water at an even keel draught of 5.30 m and has an initial KG
of 7.80 m.

The ship has a rectangular double bottom of length 18.0m, breadth 22.0m and depth
1.2 m, which is subdivided by a single longitudinal centreline division into port and
starboard tanks of equal dimensions.

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars A, calculate the angle of list developed

if the starboard side tank is filled to a depth of 0.60 m with bunkers RD 0.92.

Note: The bunkers in the starboard tank cause a total Free Su,face Moment of
1836.8 t-m. (15)

Page 141
2013 May
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Explain the difference between an angle oflist and an angle ofloll. (4)

(b) Using ballast on a typical bulk carrier which has double bottom tanks with a single
centreline division, outline the methods of correcting:
( 3)
(i) an angle of list;
(7)
(ii) an angle of loll.

(c) Explain EACH of the following terms:

(i) centre of gravity; (2)

(ii) centre of buoyancy. (4)

2. (a) A vessel is initially upright with a KG of 9.8 m. A heavy lift is stowed on the
centreline at Kg 3.0 m and is to be discharged using the ship's own derrick. It will be
landed on the quay on the starboard side.

Explain, with the aid of a sketch, how the ship's centre of gravity moves in EACH of
the following:

(i) when the weight is initially lifted; (2)

(ii) when the derrick has slewed to starboard and the weight is suspended over the
quay; (2)

(iii) as the weight is lowered over the quay and before it touches the ground; (2)

(iv) when the weight has been discharged. (2)

(b) A general cargo ship is initially floating upright in salt water at a displacement of
14275 t, starboard side alongside. KG (solid) is 7.44 m. At the time there are free
surfaces and the total Free Surface Correction is 0.39 m.

A 70 t transformer is to be loaded using the ship's own derrick, the head of which is
21 m above the keel. The transformer is on the quay at a position 12 m from the
centreline and will be loaded at Kg 2.95 m and 3 m to starboard of the centreline.

Using the Datasheet Q2(b) Hydrostatic Particulars 'A', calculate the maximum angle
and direction of list during the loading operation. (12)

Page 142
2013 March
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

I. (a) Explain EACH of the following:

(4)

(ii) Waterplane area; (2)

(iii) TPC. (4)

(b) A vessel is in salt water and is to load a full cargo. She is floating at an even keel
draught of 9.67m and is nearing the end of loading operations.

Waterline length: 110 m Waterline Breadth: 29 m

Calculate the final mean draught after a final 130 t of cargo is loaded.

2. (a) Explain the term LCF. (4)

(b) A vessel of length LBP 137.5 m arrives in a salt water port to discharge three parcels
of cargo, after which she will sail. Draughts on arrival are:

For"d: 8.48 m Aft: 9.10 m

Cargo to be discharged is as follows:

1653 t from leg 89.97 m;

2519 t from leg 51.77 m;
2374 t from leg 65.75 m.

The vessel cannot sail with a trim of more than 0.50 m by the stern.

With reference to Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars 'A', state, with reasons, if

the vessel can sail at the end of discharge. (16)

Page 143
2013 February
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) A ship is initially upright in fresh water at an even keel draught of 5.3 m. The solid
KG is 8.0 m.

The following cargo operations are then carried out:

Load 524 t at Kg 4.1 m

Load 114 t at Kg 2.3 m
Discharge 423 t from Kg 2.1 m
Shift 167 t from Kg 4.8 m to Kg 10.1 m

At the time the ship has a total Free Surface Moment of 3965 t-m.

Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars A, calculate the effective metacentric

height after completion of cargo operations. (10)

(b) (i) Define the termfree su,face effect, explaining how it affects the ship's stability. (6)

(ii) State the possible consequences of free surface effect. (4)

2. (a) A vessel is initially floating in salt water at a displacement of 10958 t, port side
alongside. She is even keel but has an initial list of 2 degrees to starboard.

KG (solid) 7.67 m FSM 1843.9 t-m

There is a 75 t weight on the quay at a position 13 m from the centreline which is to

be loaded on board using the ship's own derrick, the head of which is 24 m above the
keel.

The final position of the weight will be kR 3.7 m� 5.5 m to starboard of the centreline.

Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars A, calculate the maximum angle and

direction of list that will occur during the loading operation. (17)

(b) Explain why free surfaces should be eliminated or minimised during heavy lift
operations. (3)

Page 144
2012 November
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) State the reasons for loadlines. (3}

(b) A vessel is alongside in port where the dock water relative density is 1.009 and is
planning to stop loading a cargo of bulk coal at a draught of 6.70 m. All required
bunkers, stores and fresh water for the forthcoming voyage have already been taken.

Charterer's instructions require the ship to be loaded to the deepest draught possible
for a voyage in a winter zone.

The vessel's FWA is 187. 5 mm and the summer load draught is 6.443 m.

(i) State, with reasons, whether or no! the vessel can proceed from the berth at this
draught. (3)

(ii) Calculate the weight of cargo that must be either loaded or discharged so that the
vessel sails at the required draught, if TPC is assumed to be constant at 23.3 t. (14)

2. (a) Define the term LCB.

(3)
(b) A vessel LBP 133 m is floating in salt water at the following draughts:

For'd 7.32 m Aft 8.20 m

In order to enter port the vessel must cross a bar at the entrance which has a charted
depth of 8.20 m. The vessel will cross the bar at high water when the height of tide
will be 0.20 m. Underkeel clearance required by the owners is 0.40 m.

IfLCF is 63 m foap and MCTC is 104.7 t-m.

Calculate EACH of the following:

(i) the quantity of ballast to be transferred, and in which direction, between the fore
peak tank (leg 130.2 m foap) and the aft peak tank (leg 5.30 m foap) so that the
vessel will pass over the shoal at the correct draught; (13)

(ii) the final draught for' d. (4)

Page 145
2012 October
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Explain EACH of the following:

(i) TPC; (3)

(2)

(iii) Freeboard. (2)

(b) Complete the following calculations using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars A.

(i) A ship arrives in a salt water port with an even keel draught of 5.6 m. Calculate
how much cargo can be loaded if the vessel is to sail with a draught of 6.0 m
using only the displacement and "draught values. (3)

(ii) A ship displaces 12217 t in fresh water. A total of 1200 t of cargo is then
discharged. Calculate the final draught in fresh water using only the
displacement and draught values. (3)

(iii) A ship initially has a salt water displacement of 12523 t and then discharges
675 t of cargo. Calculate the final draught in salt water using the appropriate
TPC values. (7)

2. A vessel has completed loading in salt water at an even keel draught of 5.7 m and is
upright. Her effective KG is 7.25 m at this time.

At the time of departure, No 5 DB Port and No 5 DB Starboard tanks are both full and
contain bunkers of relative density 0.96. EACH bunker tank is rectangular and has a
length of 18 m, a breadth of 10 m and a depth of 1.6 m.

During the voyage, bunkers are consumed from No 5 DB starboard tank only and the
ullage on arrival for this tank is 1.40 m.

Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars A, calculate EACH of the following:

(a) the effective metacentric height on arrival at the discharge port; (14)

(b) the angle of list at the time of arri.val. (6)

Page 146
2012 July
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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l. (a) Sketch EACH of the following vessels, clearly indicating the positions of G, D, M
and Z as appropriate and showing the action of forces:

(i) an unstable vessel heeled to a small angle; (6)

(ii) a vessel with neutral stability heeled to a small angle. (5)

(b) Explain the term stable equilibrium. (2)

(c) A vessel has a GM of 0.97m and a displacement of 15645 t. Calculate the Righting
Moment at an angle of heel of 8 °. (3)

(d) Sketch a typical curve of statical stability for a vessel listed at an angle of 7 ° with a
range of stability of 65 ° . (4)

2. (a) A vessel LBP 138 m is lying in salt water with the following drafts:

F'wd: 5.70 m Aft: 6.10 m

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars A, calculate the position of the vessel's

LCG. (8)

(b) A vessel LBP 140 m arrives at a fresh water port with an even keel draft of 6.00 m.

The following cargo operations are then carried out:

Load 753 t at leg 62 m foap

Load 620 t at leg 66 m foap
Discharge 114 t from leg 42 m foap
Discharge 154 t from leg 70 m foap

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars A, calculate the final drafts in fresh

water. (12)

Page 147
----- - ···-------------- ----
2012 May
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Explain EACH of the following terms:

(i) stable ship; (4)

(ii) unstable ship. (4)

(b) With reference to Datasheet Q l(b), state EACH of the following for the TWO curves:

(i) condition of initial stability; (2)

(ii) approximate initial metacentric height; (2)

(iii) range of stability. (2)

(c) With refer_ence to Datasheet Q1(b), GZ Curve Condition 'X', calculate the Righting
Moment at an angle of heel of 25 degrees if the displacement is 15350 t. (6)

2. (a) A ship is floating in salt water at an even keel draft of 4.30 m and has a KG of 8.40 m.

In this condition, a double bottom tank is full of fresh water. The tank is rectangular
with the following dimensions:

Length: 16 m Breadth (total): 18 m

The tank is divided into two equal halves by a single longitudinal watertight
subdivision.

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars 'A', calculate the final effective

metacentric height if a total of 288 t of fresh water is pumped out of the double
bottom tank, leaving it slack. (15)

Note: Equal volumes of water are pumped out from each side of the double bottom
tank.

(b) Explain how longitudinal subdivision of a tank affects free surface effect. (5)

Page 148
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2012 March
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

l. (a) Sketch a stable ship which is heeled to a small angle. The sketch should clearly
indicate the positions of G, B, M and Zand should also show the action of forces. (6)
(b) Ex:plain EACH of the following terms:

(i) neutral stability; (4)

(ii) initial metacentric height. (3)

�-
(c) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the relationship between equilibrium and angle of
m

2. (a) A vessel is initially floating upright in salt water at an even keel draft of 5.00 m,
starboard side alongside. The initial KG (solid) is 7.95 m and the total Free Surface
Moments at the time of loading are 5335 t-m.

An 60 t transformer is to be discharged using the ship's own heavy lift derrick, the
head of which is 20 m above the keel. At present the transformer is stowed in the
hold at a kg of 3.5 m, on the centreline and it is to be landed on the quay at a distance
of 8.0 m from the centreline.

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic particulars 'A', calculate the maximum angle and
direction of list during the discharge. (16)

(b) Explain why it is important that free surfaces are eliminated or at least minimised
during heavy lift operations. (4)

Page 150
2012 February
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

l. (a) State the condition of stability for EACH of the curves on Worksheet Ql(l) - GZ

Curve and Worksheet Ql(2) - GZ Curve. (4)

(b) Explain the differences between the two GZ curves. (8)

(c) Describe the dangers associated with each condition of stability. (6)

(d) Using Worksheet QI(l) - GZ Curve, calculate the Righting Moment

' at an angle of
heel of 15 degrees if the displacement is 14520 t. ( 2)

2. (a) A vessel is initially floating upright in salt water at a displacement of 10076 t,

starboard side alongside.

KG (solid) 7.45 rn FSM 1712.9 t-m

There are two 80 t weights on board which are to be discharged from the ship and
landed on the quay at a position 1 2 m from the centreline using the ship's own
derrick, the head of which is 26 m above the keel.

At present each of the weights is on deck at kg 10.5 m. One weight is 4.0 m to port
of the centreline and the other is 4.0 m to starboard of the centreline.

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars 'A', calculate the maximum angle and
direction of list that will occur during the discharge operation if the outboard weight
is to be discharged first. (17)

(b) Explain why free surfaces must be eliminated or minimised during heavy lift
operations. (3)

Page 151
Page 152
Page 153
I

I 2011 December
I STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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I Marks for each part question are shown in brackets

I Section A

t 1. (a) Explain EACH of the following:

(i) Relative Density; (2 )

(ii) Archimedes Principle. (3)

(b) A bulk carrier is loading in a dock water port (RD 1.008) and is initially at an even
keel draft of 6.83 m.

The ship has a summer displacement of 14576 t which corresponds to a summer load
draft of 7.00 m.

Assuming a constant TPC of 23.13, calcµlate the maximum weight of cargo that can
be loaded if the vessel is to complete at her Tropical marks, given that 120 t of
bunkers are still to be loaded prior to departure. (15 )

2. A vessel is initially lying in salt water at a displacement of 12073 t and has a starboard list
-
of three degrees. KG is 7 .89 m. Cargo is to be worked as follows:

Load 124 t at kg 5.6 m, 3.4 m to port of centreline

Discharge 256 t from kg 4.5 m, 3.6 m to starboard of centreline

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars 'A':

(a) calculate the final angle of list after .completion of cargo operations; (15)

(b) calculate the weight of ballast- that must be transferred, and in which direction,
between No 2 port and starboard double bottom' ballast tan.ks so that the vessel
.finishes upright. (5)

Note: EACH double bottom tank is rectr;ingular with a breadth of 9.5 m and is q.lready
slack

Page 154
2011 October
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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I Section A

1. (a) Sketch a stable vessel listed to a small angle. The sketch should clearly indicate the
positions of G, B and M and should also show the action of the different forces. (6)

Ii (b) Explain the difference between an angle of list and an angle of loll.

(c) Outline the methods of correcting both an angle of list AND an angle of loll using
(6)

ballast on a typical bulk canier which has double bottom tanks with a single
centreline division. (8)

2. (a) Explain the term LCF. (3)

(b) A vessel LBP 125 mis floating in salt water at the following draughts:

For'd 6.14 m Aft 7.76

The vessel is required to cross a shoal where the depth at high water is 7.60 m with
an underkeel clearance of 0.40 m.

If LCF is 57 m foap and MCTC is 102.5 t-m, calculate EACH of the following:

(i) the quantity of ballast to be transferred, and in which direction, between the fore
peak tank (leg 120.20 m foap) and the aft peak tank (leg 5.30 m foap) so that the
vessel will pass over the shoal at the correct draught; ( 12)

(ii) the final draught for' d. (5)

Page 155
2011 July
STABILITY AND OPE!¼TIONS

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Section A

· 1. (a) Explam EACH of the followipg:

(i) DWA; . (4)

(ii) Cs. (3)
(b) . With reference to Da�heet - Hydrostatic Particulars '.A':

(i) A ship arrives in a salt water port with an 1even keel draught of 5.0 m . Calculate
how much cargo must be discharged so that the vessel will sail with a draught of
u� W
(ii) A ship displaces 13657 t in salt water. A total of 1500 t of cargo is then
discharged.

Calculate the final dn!.ught in saltwater, using only the displacement and draught (3)
'values.

(iii) A ship initially has a fresh water displacement of 10260 t and then loads 864 t of
cargo.
(7)
Calculate the final draught in fresh water, using the appropriate TPC values.

2. (a) A ship is initially upright in salt water at an even keel draught of 6.4 m. The solidKG
is7.7m.

The following cargo operations are the.n carried out:

. Discharge'358tfromKg4.l m
Discharge 320 t :from Kg 3.5 pi
Shift 200 t from Kg 5.3 m to Kg 8.'5 m

At the time the ship-has a total Free Surface Moment of 4258t-m.

Using Datasheet Hydrostatic Particulars '.A•, calculate the effective metacentric

·
height after completion of cargo operations. (10)

(b) (i) Define the term free surface effect, explaining how it affects a ship's stability. (6)

(ii) State the possible ·conseque.Qces ·offree surface effect. (4)

Page 156
2011 June
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

l. (a) Explain EACH of the following terms:

(i) TPC; (3)

(ii) FWA. (4)

(b) A vessel is loading in port in dock water RD 1.015.

Initial draught (even keel) 5.62 m TPCsw 20

The ship has a summer displacement of 22400 t which corresponds to a summer load
draught of 6.10 m.
.
Calculate the maximum weight of cargo that can be loaded if the ship is to sail at her
summer draught in salt water, given that 50 t of bunkers are still to be taken before the
vessel sails. (13)

2. (a) Explain why the LCF of a vessel might change with draught. (3)

(b) A vessel LBP 135 m is floating in salt water at an even keel draught of 5.20 m.

The following cargo operations are then carried out:

Discharge 1560 t from leg 81 m foap

Load 1700 t at leg 90 m foap
Load 2100 t at leg 35 m foap

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars 'A', calculate the final draughts fore
and aft. (12)

(c) A ship has completed loading with the following draughts:

For'd 7.35 m Aft 8.90 m

MCTC 170 t-m

Calculate the weight of ballast to transfer between the fore peak tank (leg 129 m foap)
and the aft peak tank (leg at the aft perpendicular) so that the ship sails with a trim of
1.00 m by the stern. (5)

Page 157
2011 March
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Sketch a curve of statical stability for a vessel listed 7° with a range of positive
stability of 66 ° . (6)

(b) Using Datasheet QI - GZ Curve, determine EACH of the following:

(i) the condition of stability of the vessel; (1)

(ii) range of positive stability; (1)

(iii) angle of vanishing stability; ( l ).

(iv) approximate angle of deck edge immersion; (1)

(v) maximum GZ; (1)

(vi) angle at which maximum GZ occurs; (1)

(vii) approximate initial GM. (1)

(c) (i) A ship has a displacement of 7263 t

KM 10.25 m KG 9.3 m

Calculate the righting moment at an angle of heel of 7 °. (3)

(ii) Explain the difference between a righting lever and a righting moment. (4)

Page 158
2011 March

Page 159
Page 160
2011 February
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Sketch an unstable vessel heeled to a small angle. The sketch should clearly indicate
the positions of G, B, M and Z and should also show the action of different forces. (8)
(b) Explain the difference between an angle of list and an angle of loll. (6)

(c) Sketch a GZ curve for an unstable ship at an angle of loll of 11° with a range of
stability of 56°. (6)

2. A vessel is initially floating upright in salt water at a displacement of 9857 t, port side
alongside.

KG (fluid) 7.80 m KM 9.06 m (constant)

A 71t wind turbine tower is to be loaded using the ships own crane, the head of which is
38 m above the keel. At present the tower is on the quay waiting to be loaded, 11.0 m from
the centreline.

The tower is to be loaded at a Kg of 2.3 m, 4 m to port of the centreline.

Calculate EACH of the following:

(a) the maximum angle and direction of list during the loading operation; (10)

(b) the final angle and direction of list after loading is complete. (10)

Page 161
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- � -- · -- ·-- ------- - - -
- ----- --
2010 December
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Define EACH of the following:

(i) righting lever; (3)

(ii) initial metacentric height. (3)

(b ) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, how free surface can cause a virtual rise of a
vessel's centre of gravity. (10)

(c) State the methods whereby Free Surface effect (FSE) may be reduced or eliminated
in a compartment. (4)

2. A vessel floating in SW i_s initially displacing 8900t, LCG 70m foap. LBP 120m

The following cargo operations are then carried out:

Loads 182t at a position 80m foap,

Loads 120t at a position 35m foap.

(a) Using Datasheet QZ Hydrostatic Particulars 'A', calculate the final draughts forward
and aft. (14)

(b) Prior to sailing, the vessel's after draught is to be reduced to 4.800m.

Calculate the amount of ballast to transfer from the after peak (LCG 5m foap) to the
fore peak (LCG 115m foap). (6)

Page 162
--------- ---
2010 October
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. A vessel is initially upright.

KG 8.50m; KM 9 .10m(constant) Present displacement 14 000t.

The following operations are now carried out:

Load 55.0t at Kg 6.7m, 7.20m to port of centreline,

100.0t at Kg 10.8m, 3.50m to port of centreline,
150.0t at Kg 9.0m, on the centreline,
Discharge 120.0t at Kg 5.0m, 11.0m to port of centreline

Calculate the final angle and direction of list after completion of operations. (20)

2. (a) Define EACH of the following:

(i) TPC; (2 )

(ii) MCTC. (2)

(b) Explain the function of EACH of the following:

(i) Load1ine; (3)

(ii) Loadline zones. (3)

(c) A vessel is floating in fresh water with an Even Keel draught 4.55m. The vessel is
1.8m light of her final completion draught in the fresh water.

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars 'A', find EACH of the following:

(i) the initial displacement; (2)

(ii) the final displacement; (2)

(iii) the quantity of cargo to load to reach her completion draught. (2)

(d) The vessel then proceeds to sea (RD 1.025), find the new mean draught. (4)

Page 163
2010 July
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. A vessel is initially displacing 6440t.

KG 9.40m; KM 10.56m (constant)

A 70t transformer is to be discharged from a position on the centreline, Kg 7.4m using the
vessel's own heavy lift crane. The crane head is 42m above the keel. The transformer
will be landed ashore to a position 12m off the vessel's centreline.

(a) Calculate the vessel's GM for EACH of the following:

(i) when the weight is lifted just clear of it's initial stowage position; (7)
(ii) when the weight is finally discharged ashore. (7)

(b) Calculate maximum angle of list during the operation. (6)

2. A vessel is floating in SW at an Even Keel (EK) draught of 6.50m.

LCG 69.50m; LBP 135m foap

The OOW then carries out the following operations:

Transfers 120t from fore deep bunker tank (115m foap) to aft settling tank (25m foap).
Additionally transfers 60t of ballast from the AP (15m foap) to the FP (126m foap).

(a) Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars 'A', calculate the final draught fore and
aft. (15)

(b) The vessel is now required to proceed to sea with an Even Keel (EK) draught.

Calculate the amount ofballast to transfer from the aft peak to the fore peak to bring
vessel to EK. (5)

Page 164
2010 March
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) With reference to a vessel's transverse stability, explain EACH of the following
terms:

(i) GM; (3)

(ii) KM. (3)

(b) A vessel is initially upright and displacing 16800t.

KG= 9.68m KM= 10.04m

A Port and Starboard Double bottom tank EACH have the following dimensions:

L= 30.0m B= 8.2m D=2.0m

The tanks are then partially filled with water RD 1.015 to an ullage of 0.2m.

Calculate the v�ssel' s final GM allowing for a total Free Surface Effect (FSE) on the
vessel of 0.25m. (14)

2. (a) Sketch a typical curve of Statical Stability for EACH of the following:

(i) a stiff vessel; (2)

(ii) a tender vessel; (2)

(iii) vessel lolled to an angle of 20° with a range of positive stability of 40". (2)

(b) State the effect of and dangers associated with EACH of the following:

(i) a stiff vessel; (4)

(ii) a tender vessel. (4)

(c) List the information obtained from Statical Stability Curves. (6)

Page 165
-....,

2009 December
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. A vessel is initially upright.

KG 7.00m; KM 8.60m (constant); Present displacement 12500t.

The following operations are now carried out:

Loaded 30t at Kg 8.00m, 5.00m to port of centreline

88t at Kg 10.80m, 3.50m to port of centreline
Discharged 80t at Kg 5.00m, 11.00m to starboard of centreline

Calculate the final angle and direction of list after completion of operations. (20)

2. A vessel floating in SW is initially displacing 8 900t, LCG 70mfoap. LBP 120m.

The following cargo operations are carried out:

Loads 182t at a position 80m foap

Loads 120t at a position 35mfoap

With reference to Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars 'A', calculate the final draughts
fwd and aft. (20)

Page 166
2009 October
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS
'

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Section A

1. A vessel is floating in SW with an initial displacement of 9 888t; LCG 68.80m foap

LBP 140.00m.

The vessel carries out the following operations:

Loads 444t at a position 126m foap

Loads 500t at a position 80m foap
Loads 600t at a position 38m foap
Discharges 30t at a position 110m foap

With reference to Datasheet QI - Hydrostatic Particulars 'A', calculate the final draughts
forward and aft. (20)

2. (a) With reference to a vessel's transverse stability, define EACH of the following terms:

(i) GM; (2)

(ii) KM. (2)

(b) A vessel is initially upright and displacing 16 800t

KG= 9.68m, KM= 10.04m

A Port and Starboard Double Bottom tank EACH have the following dimensions:

L = 30,00m, B= 8.20m., D= 2.00m

The tanks are then partially filled with water RD 1.015 to an ullage of 0.20m.

Calculate the vessel's final GM allowing for a total Free Surface Effect of 0.25m. (16)

Page 167
2009 July
STABILITY AND OPERA TIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Define Free Surface Effect (FSE). (2)

(b) A vessel is initially upright and displacing 14 250t.

KG 8.66m; KM 10.0 l m.

A Port and Starboard Double Bottom tank EACH have the following dimensions:

L = 22m; B = 7.84m; D = 1.80m

The tanks are then partially filled with water RD 1.018 to an ullage of 0.30m.

Calculate the vessel's final GM allowing for a total Free Surface Effect of 0.15m. (18)

2. A vessel floating in SW is initially trimmed and displacing 12 523t, LCG 68.90m foap,
LBP 140m.

50t of bunkers are transferred from the forward bunker tank (131m foap), to an after
bunker tank (25m foap).

With reference to Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars 'A', calculate the final draughts
fwd and aft. (20)

Page 168
------- - - -
2009 March
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Define angle of list. (2)

(b) A vessel is initially upright.

KG 8.20m; KM 9.10m (constant); present displacement 11200t

The following cargo operations are carried out:

Loads 80t at KG 9.20m, 4.20m to port of centreline

Loads 76t at KG 3.00m, 5.00m to stbd of centreline
Discharges 160t at KG 4.10m, 4.60m to stbd of centreline
Discharges 34t at KG 6.10m, 2.00m to port of centreline

Calculate final angle and direction of list after completion of these operations. (18)

2. (a) A vessel is inclined by an external force and has positive stability. Sketch the forces
acting upon the vessel and the points through which they are assumed to act. (6)

(b) Define EACH of the following terms:

( i) Moment of statical stability; (2)

(ii) Righting lever; (2)

(iii) Centre of buoyancy; (2 )

( iv) Centre of gravity (2)

( c) A vessel is inclined by an external force to an angle of heel of 6½ 0 •

Displacement 125 OOOt; KM 17.90m; KG 16.00m.

Calculate the moment of statical stability. (6)

Page 169
2008 November
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Explain, with the aid of a sketch, why the LCF of a ship shaped vessel may change
with draught. (5)

(b) A vessel floating in SW with an initial displacement of 9888t. LCG 68.80m foap;
LBP 140m.

The vessel then carries out the following operations:

Loads 444t at a position 126m foap
Loads 500t at a position 80m foap
Loads 600t at a position 38m foap
Disch 30t at a position 110m foap

Using Datasheet Ql - Hydrostatic Particulars 'A', calculate the final draughts

forward and aft. (15)

2. (a) Sketch typical GZ curves which illustrate EACH of the following conditions:

(i) a stiff vessel; (2)

(ii) a tender vessel; (2)
(iii) a vessel with an angle of loll of 20 ° and a range of stability of 45° . (2)

(b) A vessel is initially upright.

KM 12.00m; KG 9.90m; Displacement 15200t.

Calculate the Moment of Statical Stability (MSS) when heeled to an angle of 9° . (4)

" (c) Worksh�et Q2 relates to the Curve of Statical Stability (GZ Curve) of a vessel.

From the GZ curve, extract EACH of the following information:

(i) range of stability; (1)

(ii) the angle of maximum GZ; (1)
(iii) the maximum GZ; (2)
(iv) the angle of vanishing stability; (2)
(v) approximate initial GM; (2)
(vi) approximate angle of deck edge immersion. (2)

Page 170
Page 171
2008 October
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Define EACH of the following:

(i) trim; (2)

(ii) LCF; (2 )
(iii) MCTC. ( 2)

(b) A vessel is floating in SW with an initial displacement of 10200t.

LCG 69.60m foap; LBP 136m.

The vessel then carries out the following operations

Loads 108t at a position 125m foap

Loads 208t at a position 30m foap

Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars A, calculate the final draughts forward and
aft. (14)

2. (a) Define TPC. (2)

(b) State what EACH of the following represent on a vessel's Loadline mark:

(i) F; (1)
(ii) W; (1)
(iii) T; (1)
(iv) LS; (1)
(v) WNA; (1)
(vi) S. (1)

(c) A vessel is floating in Dock Water (RD 1.000) with an even keel draught of 4.65m.
The vessel is 2m light of her final completion draught in the Dock Water (DW).

Using Datasheet - Hydrostatic Particulars 'A', find EACH of the following:

(i) the initial displacement; (2)

(ii) the final displacement; (2)
(iii) the quantity of cargo to load to reach her final completion draught. (3)

(d) The vessel then proceeds to sea (RD 1.025), find the new mean draught. (5)

Page 172
2008 July
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) A vessel on an Even Keel, at a summer load draught of 13.65m, is at anchor outside a
port in SW of RD 1.025.

TPC 22 Summer Load displacement 17 400t.

Calculate the quantity of cargo to discharge into barges in order that the vessel can
pass over a bar at the river entrance (RD 1.025) with an underkeel clearance of 1.5m.
Depth of water available at the bar is 13.80m. (10)

(b) Calculate the FWA of the vessel in Ql(a). (5)

(c) Explain why it is important to know the Dock Water Density, whilst loading a
deadweight cargo. (5)

2. A vessel is floating in SW at an Even Keel draught of 6.80m.

LCG 69.50m LBP 132m.

The OOW then carries out the following operations:

Transfers 100t bunkers from fwd deep tank (LCG 115m foap) to an after bunker tank
(LCG 25m foap), and 50t ballast water from the after peak tank (LCG 15m foap) to the
fore peak tank (LCG 126m foap).

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars 'A', calculate the final draught forward and
d. c2m

Page 173
--.
- 2008 March
- STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

- 1. (a) Describe, with the aid of sketches, EACH of the following:

(i) centre of gravity; (2)

- (ii) metacentric height; (2)

(iii) initial transverse metacentre. (2)

(b) A vessel has a displacement of 35 000t.

KG=8.22m; KM = 9.56m (constant).

(i) Calculate the quantity of deck cargo which must be loaded at Kg 15.80m so that
the vessel can sail with a GM of 0.80m. (10)

(ii) Calculate the righting moment if the vessel is heeled to an angle of 5° upon
completion of loading. (4)

2. (a) A vessel on an even keel, at a summer Load draught of 11.60m, is at anchor outside a
port in SW of RD 1.025.

TPC 19 Summer Load Displacement 14 200t.

Depth of water available at the bar = 8.80m.

Calculate the quantity of cargo to discharge into barges in order that the vessel can
pass over a bar at the river entrance (RD 1.025) with an under keel clearance of
1.20m. (10)

(b) Calculate the FWA of the vessel. (5)

(c) Explain why it is necessary to know the Dock Water density when loading a vessel to
her Summer Marks. (5)

Page 174
- 2007 November
- STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) Define EACH ofthe following:

(i) trim; (2)

(ii) LCF. (3)

(b) A vessel floating in SW is initially displacing 12030t. LCG 65.2mfoap LBP 145m

The vessel then loads thefollowing cargo:

96t at a position 104mfoap

105t at a position 67mfoap
56t at a position 40mfoap
10t at a position 117mfoap

Using Datasheet Ql -Hydrostatic Particulars 'A', and by taking moments about the
After Perpendicular, calculate the final draughtsforward and aft. (15)

2. (a) Explain the difference between an angle of list and an angle of/oil. (5)

(b) Describe a safe procedure for correcting an angle of loll. (6)

(c) A vessel is presently at a mean draught of5 .3m and is listed 3° to port.

KG= 7.8m; KM= 8.5m(constant); TPC 28 (constant); Displacement 9900t

Calculate the quantity of cargo to be loaded in the tween deck, 11.4m off the
centreline in order to finish upright. (5)

(d) The vessel in Q2(c) now loads 560t ofcargo. Calculate the draught on completion of
loading. (4)

Page 175
2007 October
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) With reference to a vessel's transverse stability, define EACH of the following terms:

(i) GM; (2)

(ii) M. (3)

(b) A vessel floating in SW is initially displacing 10095t. LCG 65.4m foap. LBP 130m.

The vessel then loads the following cargo:

144t at a position 112m foap

138t at a position 91m foap
98t at a position 30m foap
41t at a position 121m foap

Using Datasheet QI - Hydrostatic Particulars 'A' and by taking moments about the
After Perpendicular, calculate the final draughts forward and aft. (15)

2. · A vessel is loading in SW of RD 1025 and is 0.38m light of her marks.

KM 9.85m (constant); KG 8.60m; TPC 26 Present displacement 10675t

The vessel partially fills TWO Double Bottom(DB) tanks, each to an ullage of 0.25m with
fuel oil at RD 0.961. The DB tanks EACH have the following dimensions:

Length 10m; Breadth 12.5m; Depth 2.6m

(a) Calculate the tonnage of fuel oil loaded. (5)

(b) The vessel then loads a parcel of deck cargo at Kg 12m in order to bring the vessel
down to her marks.

Calculate EACH of the following:

(i) the amount of deck cargo to load; (3)

(ii) the final GM on sailing allowing for a free surface moment(FSM) of 3890tm. (8)

(c) Explain TWO methods whereby Free Surface Effect (FSE) may be reduced or
eliminated in a compartment. (4)

Page 176
- 2007 July
- STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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- Section A

- 1. (a) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, EACH of the following:

(i ) centre of gravity; (2)

(ii) centre of buoyancy. (2)

(b) Sketch an inclined vessel in neutral equilibrium, indicating the position of G, M, K, B

and B 1 . ( 3)

(c) A vessel has a displacement of 40050t.

KG= 8.90m; KM 10.48m.

Calculate the quantity of deck cargo which must be loaded at Kg 16.4m so that the
vessel can sail with a GM of 0.90m. (13)

2. (a) Describe what is meant by the term Free Surface Effect (FSE). (4)

( b) A vessel is initially upright and displacing 16415t.

KG=8.72m; KM= 9.90m.

Both Port and Starboard Double Bottom Tanks have the following dimensions:

L = 31m; B = 8.4m; D = 2.7m.

The tanks are then partially filled with water RD 1019 to an ullage of 0.4m.

Calculate the vessel's final GM allowing for a total Free Surface Effect of 0.31m. (16)

Page 177
2007 March
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

... 1. (a) Explain the reasons for loadlines.

(b) A vessel is loading in port in a Tropical Zone.

(5)

- Summer load draught 11.50m FWA 290mm

Calculated TPC (Dock Water) 26 (constant).
Dock Water density 1012tm-3

The water line is 210mm below the summer loadline.

-
Calculate EACH of the following:

(i) the sinkage required in port in order that the vessel will be on her Tropical marks
in the open sea;
-
(12)

(ii) the quantity of cargo to load to be on her Tropical marks at sea. (3)

-
2. (a) (i) State Archimedes principle. (3)

(ii) Define TPC. (2)

(b) A vessel is loading in SW of RD 1.025.

Waterline length 104m; Breadth 31m;

Calculate the TPC. (4)

(c) Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars A refers to a vessel with initial draughts of
forward 4.6m, aft 6.00m in SW.
The vessel then loads 2300t of cargo.

Find EACH of the following:

(i) the initial displacement; (3)

(ii) the final displacement; ( 1)

(iii) the final mean draught in SW. (7)

Page 178
2006 December
- STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

- 1. (a) Define EACH of the following:

(i) DWA; (2)

- (ii) TPC. (2)

(b) A vessel is loading in port in a Winter Zone.

Summer load draught 10.6m.

FWA 290mm.
Calculated TPC (Dock Water) 33 (constant).
Dock water density 1018kg/m3
The water line is 490mm below the Summer Loadline.

Calculate EACH of the following:

(i) the sinkage required in port in order that the vessel will be on her Winter Marks
in the open sea; (12)

(ii) the quantity of cargo to load to be on her Winter marks at sea. (4)

2. (a) A vessel is initially displacing l 0000t

KG= 5.50m. KM= 6.45m (constant)

Cargo operations are conducted as follows:

1800t of cargo at Kg of 5 .8m - Loaded
800t of cargo at Kg of 2. lm - Loaded
1850t of cargo at Kg of 7. lm - Discharged
Allow Free surface moments (FSM'S) of 1460tm.

Calculate the final GM of the vessel. (16)

(b) A double bottom tank when partially filled has an FSE of 0.4 lOm.

Calculate the new FSE if the same double bottom was fitted with a centreline
longitudinal watertight subdivision. (4)

Page 179
2006 October
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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- Section A
1. (a) Define EACH of the following:

- (i) trim; (1)

-
(ii) MCTC; (1)

(iii) LCB; (2)

(iv) LCF. (2)

(b) A vessel is displacing 12 748t in SW.

- LCG 69. 2m foap; LBP 14 2m.

The vessel then shifts 300t of cargo from a position 13 2m foap, to a position 35m
foap.

Calculate using Datasheet Q1 - Hydrostatic Particulars A and by taking moments

about the After Perpendicular, the final draughts forward and aft. (14)

2. (a) Define EACH of the following:

(i) metacentric height; (2)

(ii) centre of buoyancy. (2)

(b) Using Worksheet Q2 - GZ Curve, determine EACH of the following:

(i) range of stability; (1)

(ii) maximum GZ; (2)

(iii) angle of maximum GZ; (2)

(iv) angle of vanishing stability; (2)

(v) initial GM. (3)

(vi) angle of deck edge immersion. (2)

(c) A vessel is initially upright.

KM 10.77m (constant); KG 9.78m; Displacement 12 456t.

Calculate the Moment of Statical Stability (Righting Moment) when the vessel is
heeled to an angle of 7 ° . (4)

Page 180
Page 181
2006 July
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Marks for each part question are shown in brackets

Section A

1. (a) Define EACH of the following:

(i) density; (2)

(ii) DWA. (3)

(b) A vessel is floating in Salt Water.

L 110m; B 41.3m; d 5.22m; Cw 0.87; Cb 0.91.

Summer Load draught 8.96m. Light displacement 18 520t

Calculate EACH of the following:

(i) present displacement; (3)

(ii) TPC; (3)

(iii) Summer Load displacement; (3)

(iv) FWA; (3)

(v) Summer Load deadweight. (3)

2. (a) Define the term trimming moment. (2)

(b) A vessel floating in SW is initially displacing 10 050t.

LCG 69.2m foap. LBP 140m.

The vessel then carries out the following cargo operations:

Loads 862t at a position 112m foap

1200t at a position 68m foap
1 006t at a position 45m foap

· Discharges 93t at a position 126m foap

50t at a position 30m foap
(18)
Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars A and by taking moments about the
After Perpendicular, calculate the final draughts forward and aft.

Page 182
2006 March
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Section A

1. (a) With reference to a vessel's transverse stability, define EACH ofthe following terms:

(i) GM; (2)

(ii) M. (2)

(b) A vessel is initially upright and displacing 15 340t.

KG. 9.62m; KM. 10.00m.

A Port and Starboard DoubleBottom tank EACH have the following dimensions:

L = 28m; B = 7.3m; D = 2.4m.

The tanks are then partially filled with water RD 1.015 to an ullage of 0.3m.

Calculate the vessel's final GM allowing for a total Free Surface Effect of0.22m. (16)

2. (a) Describe, with the aid ofa sketch, EACH ofthe following:

(i) centre ofgravity; (2)

(ii) centre ofbuoyancy. (2)

(b) Sketch an inclined vessel in neutral equilibrium, indicating the position ofG, M, K,B
andB1 • (3)

(c) A vessel has a displacement of38 900t.

KG= 8.54m; KM 9.98m.

Calculate the quantity of deck cargo which must be loaded at Kg 15.02m so that the
vessel can sail with a GM of0.82m. (13)

Page 183
1111111 2005 November
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Marks for each part question are shown in brackets

Section A

1. (a) Define EACH of the following:

(i) DWA; (2)

(ii) TPC. (2)

(b) A vessel is loading in port in a Winter Zone:

Summer load draught 11.22m;
FWA 310mm;
Calculated TPC (Dock Water) 33 (constant);
Dock water density 1.012tm-3;
The water line is 510mm below the Summer load line.

Calculate EACH of the following:

(i) the sinkage required in port in order that the vessel will be on her Winter marks
in the open sea; (12)

(ii) the quantity of cargo to load to be on her Winter marks at sea. (4)

2. (a) Define EACH of the following:

(i) LCF; (2)

(ii) LBP. (2)

(b) A vessel floating in SW is initially displacing 10820t. LCG 68.6m foap. LBP 138m.

The vessel then loads the following cargo:

280t at a position 110m foap

1150t at a position 77m foap
428t at a position 46m foap
70t at a position 121m foap

Using Datasheet Q2 - Hydrostatic Particulars A, and by taking moments about the

After Perpendicular, calculate the final draughts forward and aft. (16)

Page 184
2005 October
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Marks for each part question are shown in brackets

Section A

1. (a) Define EACH of the following:

(i) trim; (2)

(ii) LCF. (3)

(b) A vessel floating in SW is initially displacing 11300t. LCG 68.8m foap. LBP 135m.

The vessel then loads the following cargo:

110t at a position 120m foap

118t at a position 82m foap
77t at a position 42m foap
20t at a position 125m foap

Using Datasheet QI Hydrostatic Particulars 'A' and by taking moments about the
After Perpendicular, calculate the final draughts forward and aft. (15)

2. (a) A vessel is initially displacing 10 200t

KG= 5.75m. KM= 6.72m (constant).

Cargo operations are conducted as follows:

2 200t of cargo at Kg of 5.8m - Loaded

650t of cargo at Kg of 1.9m - Loaded
1 900t of cargo at Kg of 7.6m - Discharged.

Allow Free Surface Moments (FSM's) of 1 320tm.

Calculate the final GM of the vessel. (16)

(b) A double bottom tank when partially filled has an FSE of 0.326m.

Calculate the new FSE if the same double bottom was fitted with a centreline
longitudinal watertight subdivision. (4)

Page 185
2005 June
STABILITY AND OPERATIONS

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Marks for each part question are shown in brackets

Section A

1. (a) Define EACH of the following terms:

(i) centre of gravity; (1)

(ii) centre of buoyancy; (1)

(iii) metacentric height. (1)

(b) Sketch a transverse labelled diagram illustrating a heeled vessel in stable equilibrium. (2)

(c) A vessel is initially displacing 8 300t.

KG 7 .64m; KM 8.92m (constant)

A 110t weight is to be shifted from a position on the centreline Kg 2.4m to a position

Kg 11.2m on the centreline using the vessel's own derrick. The derrick head is 37m
above the keel.

Calculate the vessel's GM for EACH of the following:

(i) when the weight is lifted clear of its initial position; (5)

(ii) when the weight has been shifted; (5)

(iii) when the weight has been discharged ashore. (5)

2. (a) (i) State Archimedes principle. (3)

(ii) Define TPC. (2)

(b) A vessel is loading in SW of RD 1.025.

Waterline Length 89m; Breadth 22m; Cw 0.83.

Calculate the TPC. ( 4)

(c) Datasheet Q2 refers to a vessel with initial draughts of forward 4.6m, aft 4.8m in FW.
The vessel then loads 3 830t of cargo.

Find EACH of the following:

(i) the initial displacement; (3)

(ii) the final displacement; (1)

(iii) the final mean draught in FW. (7)

Page 186
Ship Stability Formulae
Maritime & Coastguard Agency Certificate of Competency Examinations
NB. These formulae and symbols are for guidance only and other formulae which give equally
valid results are acceptable
Mass ρSubstance
ρ= ∆=∇×ρ RD=
Volume ρFW

DWT = ∆ − ∆Light ∇=L×B×d×CB Aw =L×B×CW

Aw ×ρ w TPCSW
TPC= Sinkage or Rise = TPCDW = × ρDW
100 TPC 1025
∆Summer (1025 − ρDW )
FWA= DWA= FWA
4×TPCSW 25
w×s w×s
GGH/V = GGH/V =
∆ ∆±w
Σ Vertical Moments Σ Horizontal Moments
KG= GGH =
Δ Δ
GGH Listing Moment
tan(List) = tan(List) =
GM ∆ × GM

MSS=∆×GZ GZ=GM ×sin θ

GZ=[GM+(½×BM× tan2 θ)] ×sin θ GZ=KN − (KG× sin θ)

FSM=I×ρT l×b3
I=
12
FSM I×ρT
FSC= FSC=
∆ ∆

KMT =KB+BMT KML =KB+BML

IT IL
BMT = BML =
∇ ∇
L×B 3 L3 ×B
BMT (For Box Shape)= BML (For Box Shape)=
12×∇ 12×∇
∆×GML Trimming Moment
MCTC= CoT=
100×LBP MCTC
LCF ∆×(LCB~LCG)
True mean draught=Draught aft± (Trim× ) Trim=
LBP MCTC
Trim×LCF Trim×(LBP − LCF)
Change of trim aft= Change of trim for'd=
LBP LBP
1
Distance from Summer LL to Winter LL= Summer draught
48
1
Distance from Summer LL to Tropical LL= Summer draught
48
Version: October 2023 for July 2024 Onwards Page 1 of 4
Ship Stability Formulae
Maritime & Coastguard Agency Certificate of Competency Examinations
TVHM Total VHM
AHM= λ0= λ40=0.8×λ0
SF SF×∆
AHM
Approximate Angle of Heel= ×12o
MPGHM

Reduction in GZ = (GGH × cos θ) + (GGV × sin θ)

1
Area under curve (SR1)= ×h×(y1 +4y2 +y3 )
3
3
Area under curve (SR2)= ×h×(y1 +3y2 +3y3 +y4 )
8
P×A×Z
Wind Heeling Lever l𝑤1 =
1000×g×Δ
2×C×B B Lwl
Rolling Period T(Sec)= C=0.373+0.023 ( ) − 0.043 ( )
√GM d 100
w×s×length −2×Initial GM
GM= GM at Angle of Loll=
∆×deflection cos θ
−2×GM 2×w×s
tan(Angle of Loll) =√ tan(List) Zero GM = √
BMT ∆ × BMT

𝑣02 𝑑
𝑀𝑅 =0.200× × ∆ × (𝐾𝐺 − )
𝐿𝑊𝐿 2
Freeboard
tan (Angle of DEI) =
½×B

Draught when Heeled=(Upright Draught× cos θ)+(½×B× sin θ)

Trim×MCTC
P= P=Reduction in TMD×TPC
LCF
P×KM P×KG
Loss of GM= Loss of GM=
∆ ∆−P
1
Effective Length= l×μ Solid Factor=
RD
Volume available for water SF of Cargo − Solid Factor
Permeability(μ)= Permeability(μ) =
Volume available for cargo SF of Cargo
BBH
Volume of lost buoyancy = l × b × d × µ tan(List) =
GMBilged
Volume of lost buoyancy
Sinkage= IParallel Axis = ICentroid Axis +As2
Intact water plane area

Version: October 2023 for July 2024 Onwards Page 2 of 4

Ship Stability Formulae
Maritime & Coastguard Agency Certificate of Competency Examinations
Accepted Abbreviations
LOA Length Over All
LBP Length Between Perpendiculars
AP After Perpendicular
FP Forward Perpendicular
CW Coefficient of Water Plane Area
CB Block Coefficient
WPA Water Plane Area
IWPA Intact Water Plane Area
KG/Kg Height of Centre of Gravity from Keel
VCG Vertical Centre of Gravity
KM Height of Metacentre from Keel
GM Metacentric Height
KB Height of centre of Buoyancy from Keel
LCG/Lcg Longitudinal Centre of Gravity
LCF Longitudinal Centre of Floatation
LCB Longitudinal Centre of Buoyancy
TCG Transverse Centre of Gravity
GGH Horizontal shift in Centre of Gravity
GGV Vertical shift in Centre of Gravity
GZ Righting Lever / Arm
BM Height of Metacentre from Centre of Buoyancy
FSM Free Surface Moments
FSC Free Surface Correction
FSE Free Surface Effect
TPC Tonnes Per Centimetre Immersion
MCTC Moment to Change Trim by one Centimetre
FWA Fresh Water Allowance
RD Relative Density
MSS Moment of Statical Stability
RM Righting Moment
RDS Residual Dynamic Stability
AMD Arithmetic Mean Draft
TMD True Mean Draft
CoT Change of Trim
WHM Wind Heeling Moment
AHM Actual Heeling Moment
VHM Volumetric Heeling Moment
TVHM Total Volumetric Heeling Moment
MPGHM Maximum Permissible Grain Heeling Moment
θdei or φdei Angle of Deck Edge Immersion
θf or φf Angle of Flooding

Version: October 2023 for July 2024 Onwards Page 3 of 4

Ship Stability Formulae
Maritime & Coastguard Agency Certificate of Competency Examinations
Accepted Abbreviations
AHM Actual Heeling Moment
AMD Arithmetic Mean Draft
AP After Perpendicular
BM Height of Metacentre from Centre of Buoyancy
CB Block Coefficient
CoT Change of Trim
CW Coefficient of Water Plane Area
FP Forward Perpendicular
FSC Free Surface Correction
FSE Free Surface Effect
FSM Free Surface Moments
FWA Fresh Water Allowance
GGH Horizontal shift in Centre of Gravity
GGV Vertical shift in Centre of Gravity
GM Metacentric Height
GZ Righting Lever / Arm
IWPA Intact Water Plane Area
KB Height of Centre of Buoyancy from Keel
KG/Kg Height of Centre of Gravity from Keel
KM Height of Metacentre from Keel
LBP Length Between Perpendiculars
LCB Longitudinal Centre of Buoyancy
LCF Longitudinal Centre of Floatation
LCG/Lcg Longitudinal Centre of Gravity
LOA Length Over All
MCTC Moment to Change Trim by one Centimetre
MPGHM Maximum Permissible Grain Heeling Moment
MR heeling moment on account of turning
MSS Moment of Statical Stability
RD Relative Density
RDS Residual Dynamic Stability
RM Righting Moment
TCG Transverse Centre of Gravity
TMD True Mean Draft
TPC Tonnes Per Centimetre Immersion
TVHM Total Volumetric Heeling Moment
VCG Vertical Centre of Gravity
VHM Volumetric Heeling Moment
WHM Wind Heeling Moment
WPA Water Plane Area
θdei or φdei Angle of Deck Edge Immersion
θf or φf Angle of Flooding

Version: October 2023 for July 2024 Onwards Page 4 of 4

HYDROSTATIC PARTICULARS
DRAUGHT DISPLACEMENT TPC MCTC KMT KB LCB LCF
t t tm foap foap
m SW FW SW FW SW FW m m m m
RD 1.025 RD 1.000 RD 1.025 RD 1.000 RD 1.025 RD 1.000
10.000 21789 21258 24.85 24.24 224.8 219.3 8.69 5.25 68.71 65.11
9.900 21541 21016 24.80 24.20 223.6 218.1 8.67 5.20 68.75 65.16
9.800 21293 20774 24.75 24.15 222.4 217.0 8.64 5.15 68.79 65.20
9.700 21046 20533 24.70 24.10 221.2 215.8 8.62 5.10 68.83 65.25
9.600 20799 20292 24.65 24.05 220.0 214.6 8.60 5.04 68.87 65.29
9.500 20553 20052 24.60 24.00 218.8 213.5 8.58 4.99 68.92 65.34
9.400 20307 19812 24.55 23.95 217.6 212.3 8.56 4.93 68.96 65.39
9.300 20062 19573 24.50 23.90 216.4 211.1 8.54 4.88 69.00 65.45
9.200 19817 19334 24.45 23.85 215.2 210.0 8.52 4.82 69.04 65.50
9.100 19573 19096 24.40 23.80 213.0 207.8 8.50 4.77 69.09 65.56
9.000 19329 18858 24.35 23.76 212.7 207.5 8.48 4.72 69.13 65.62
8.900 19086 18620 24.30 23.71 211.5 206.3 8.47 4.67 69.18 65.68
8.800 18843 18383 24.24 23.65 210.2 205.1 8.45 4.61 69.22 65.74
8.700 18601 18147 24.18 23.59 208.0 202.9 8.43 4.56 69.27 65.81
8.600 18359 17911 24.13 23.54 207.7 202.6 8.42 4.50 69.31 65.87
8.500 18119 17677 24.08 23.49 206.4 201.4 8.41 4.45 69.36 65.95
8.400 17878 17442 24.02 23.43 205.1 200.1 8.39 4.39 69.40 66.02
8.300 17639 17208 23.96 23.38 203.8 198.8 8.38 4.34 69.45 66.10
8.200 17399 16975 23.90 23.32 202.4 197.5 8.37 4.28 69.49 66.17
8.100 17161 16742 23.84 23.26 201.0 196.1 8.36 4.23 69.54 66.25
8.000 16922 16509 23.78 23.20 199.6 194.7 8.35 4.17 69.58 66.33
7.900 16685 16278 23.71 23.13 198.2 193.4 8.35 4.12 69.63 66.42
7.800 16448 16047 23.65 23.07 196.8 192.0 8.34 4.07 69.67 66.51
7.700 16212 15817 23.59 23.01 195.4 190.6 8.34 4.02 69.72 66.61
7.600 15976 15586 23.52 22.95 193.9 189.2 8.33 3.96 69.76 66.71
7.500 15742 15358 23.45 22.88 192.4 187.7 8.33 3.91 69.81 66.82
7.400 15507 15129 23.39 22.82 190.9 186.2 8.33 3.85 69.85 66.92
7.300 15274 14901 23.33 22.76 189.4 184.8 8.33 3.80 69.90 67.03
7.200 15040 14673 23.26 22.69 187.8 183.2 8.33 3.75 69.94 67.13
7.100 14808 14447 23.19 23.32 186.2 181.7 8.34 3.70 69.99 67.24
7.000 14576 14220 23.13 22.57 184.6 180.1 8.34 3.64 70.03 67.35
6.900 14345 13996 23.06 22.50 183.0 178.5 8.35 3.58 70.08 67.46
6.800 14115 13771 22.99 22.43 181.4 177.0 8.36 3.53 70.12 67.57
6.700 13886 13548 22.92 22.36 179.9 175.5 8.37 3.48 70.16 67.68
6.600 13657 13324 22.85 22.29 178.3 174.0 8.38 3.43 70.20 67.79
6.500 13429 13102 22.78 22.23 176.8 172.5 8.39 3.38 70.24 67.90
6.400 13201 12879 22.72 22.17 175.3 171.0 8.41 3.33 70.28 68.00
6.300 12975 12658 22.66 22.11 173.9 169.6 8.43 3.28 70.32 68.10
6.200 12748 12437 22.60 22.05 172.5 168.3 8.46 3.22 70.35 68.20
6.100 12523 12217 22.54 21.99 171.1 167.0 8.49 3.17 70.38 68.30
6.000 12297 11997 22.48 21.93 169.8 165.7 8.52 3.11 70.42 68.39
5.900 12073 11778 22.43 21.87 168.5 164.4 8.55 3.06 70.46 68.43
5.800 11848 11559 22.37 21.82 167.3 163.2 8.59 3.01 70.50 68.57
5.700 11625 11342 22.32 21.77 166.1 162.1 8.63 2.95 70.53 68.65
DRAUGHT DISPLACEMENT TPC MCTC KMT KB LCB LCF
t t tm foap Foap
m SW FW SW FW SW FW m m m m
RD 1.025 RD 1.000 RD 1.025 RD 1.000 RD 1.025 RD 1.000
5.600 11402 11124 22.26 21.72 165.0 161.0 8.67 2.90 70.57 68.73
5.500 11180 10908 22.21 21.66 163.9 160.0 8.71 2.85 70.60 68.80
5.400 10958 10691 22.15 21.61 162.9 158.9 8.76 2.80 70.64 68.88
5.300 10737 10476 22.10 21.56 161.8 157.9 8.81 2.74 70.68 68.95
5.200 10516 10260 22.05 21.51 160.8 156.9 8.86 2.69 70.72 69.02
5.100 10296 10045 22.00 21.46 159.8 155.9 8.92 2.63 70.75 69.09
5.000 10076 9830 21.95 21.41 158.8 154.9 8.98 2.58 70.79 69.16
4.900 9857 9616 21.90 21.36 157.9 154.0 9.06 2.53 70.82 69.23
4.800 9638 9403 21.85 21.32 156.9 153.1 9.13 2.48 70.86 69.29
4.700 9420 9190 21.80 21.27 156.0 152.2 9.22 2.43 70.90 69.35
4.600 9202 8978 21.75 21.22 155.1 151.3 9.30 2.38 70.93 69.42
4.500 8985 8766 21.70 21.17 154.2 150.5 9.40 2.32 70.96 69.48
4.400 8768 8554 21.65 21.12 153.3 149.6 9.49 2.27 71.00 69.55
4.300 8552 8344 21.60 21.07 152.4 148.7 9.60 2.22 71.04 69.62
4.200 8336 8133 21.55 21.02 151.5 147.8 9.71 2.17 71.08 69.68
4.100 8121 7923 21.50 20.97 150.6 146.9 9.83 2.12 71.12 69.74
4.000 7906 7713 21.45 20.93 149.7 146.0 9.96 2.07 71.15 69.81
3.900 7692 7505 21.40 20.88 148.7 145.1 10.11 2.01 71.18 69.88
3.800 7478 7296 21.35 20.83 147.8 144.2 10.25 1.96 71.22 69.94
3.700 7265 7088 21.30 20.78 146.8 143.3 10.41 1.91 71.25 70.00
3.600 7052 6880 21.24 20.72 145.9 142.3 10.57 1.86 71.29 70.07
3.500 6840 6673 21.19 20.67 144.9 141.3 10.76 1.81 71.33 70.14
3.400 6628 6466 21.13 20.61 143.9 140.4 10.95 1.75 71.37 70.20
3.300 6418 6261 21.08 20.56 142.9 139.4 11.18 1.70 71.41 70.27
3.200 6207 6056 21.02 20.51 141.9 138.4 11.40 1.65 71.44 70.33
3.100 5998 5852 20.96 20.45 140.9 137.5 11.66 1.60 71.48 70.40
3.000 5788 5647 20.90 20.39 139.9 136.5 11.92 1.55 71.52 70.46
2.900 5580 5444 20.84 20.33 138.9 135.5 12.22 1.50 71.56 70.53
2.800 5371 5240 20.78 20.27 137.9 134.5 12.52 1.44 71.60 70.59
2.700 5164 5038 20.72 20.21 136.9 133.6 12.87 1.39 71.64 70.66
2.600 4957 4836 20.65 20.15 135.9 132.6 13.21 1.34 71.67 70.73
2.500 4752 4636 20.58 20.08 134.9 131.6 13.63 1.29 71.71 70.80
2.400 4546 4435 20.51 20.01 133.9 130.6 14.04 1.23 71.75 70.87
2.300 4342 4236 20.44 19.94 132.9 129.6 14.56 1.18 71.79 70.94
2.200 4138 4037 20.36 19.86 131.8 128.6 15.07 1.13 71.83 71.01
2.100 3936 3840 20.28 19.79 130.7 127.5 15.72 1.08 71.87 71.08
2.000 3733 3642 20.20 19.71 129.5 126.3 16.36 1.02 71.91 71.15
1.900 3532 3446 20.12 19.63 128.3 125.2 17.19 0.97 71.96 71.22
1.800 3331 3250 20.03 19.54 127.0 123.9 18.01 0.92 72.00 71.29
1.700 3132 3055 19.93 19.45 125.6 122.5 19.08 0.87 72.05 71.37
1.600 2932 2860 19.83 19.35 124.1 121.1 20.15 0.82 72.09 71.44
THESE HYDROSTATIC PARTICULARS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED WITH THE
VESSEL FLOATING ON EVEN KEEL
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