1

IMPORTANT ONE LINERS

NATIONAL
CAG unveils India's first 'Chadwick House, navigating audit heritage' museum in Shimla
 The Comptroller and Auditor General of India inaugurated the 'Chadwick House: Navigating Audit Heritage' Museum
in Shimla. The event marks a significant milestone in preserving and celebrating the institution's rich heritage and its
contributions to the governance of the nation.
 The newly inaugurated museum at Chadwick House in Shimla has been transformed into a modern facility that
showcases the evolution, achievements, and milestones of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG).

350th iDEX contract inked between MoD and SpacePixxel Technologies Pvt Ltd for design & development of
miniaturized satellite
 Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX), the flagship initiative of the Ministry of Defence, signed the landmark 350 th
iDEX contract in New Delhi with SpacePixxel Technologies Pvt Ltd for the design and development of a ‘Miniaturised
satellite capable of carrying Electro-Optical, Infrared, Synthetic Aperture Radar, and Hyperspectral payloads up to 150
kgs’.
 This challenge is being led by the Indian Air Force. The 150th iDEX contract was signed in December 2022, and within
a span of 18 months, the 350th contract has been signed.

MR-MOCR developed by DRDO Lab Jodhpur, Handed to the Indian Navy

 The Medium Range-Microwave Obscurant Chaff Rocket (MR-MOCR) developed by the Jodhpur Laboratory of the
Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) was formally handed over to the Indian Navy at a function held in
New Delhi on 26 June 2024.
 At the ceremony, Secretary, the Department of Defence R&D and Chairman DRDO Dr Samir V Kamat handed over the
MR-MOCR to Director General of Naval Armament Inspection, Indian Navy Rear Admiral Brijesh Vashistha.

Thales Inks Pact with Adani Defence to Manufacture 70mm Rockets In India
 Adani Defence and Thales Group have agreed to manufacture 70mm rockets, In a major fillip to the government's local
manufacturing push, Adani Defence & Aerospace - the defence arm of the Adani Group - has signed an agreement with
the Thales Group to manufacture 70mm rockets in India.

Central Railway Has Installed a Floating Solar Plant

 The Central Railway has successfully installed a floating solar plant with a capacity of 10 MWp in Igatpuri Lake, located
in the Western Ghats. This pioneering initiative marks the first of its kind by the Indian Railways, aimed at harnessing
renewable energy sources to contribute towards a greener Earth, according to senior railway officials.

Bioplastic Park to be set up in Uttar Pradesh Lakhimpur Kheri district

 The Yogi Adityanath government in Uttar Pardesh has decided to set up a bioplastic park in the state to deal with the
problem of environmental pollution caused by the pertoleum derivative based plastic products in the state. The chief
minister has directed that the project shall be completed as soon as possible.
 The bioplastic park to be developed on 1000 hectares of land will be constructed in Kumbhi village, Gola Gokarnnath
tehsil, Lakhimpur Kheri district. The project will be developed with an estimated cost of Rs 2000 crore.

Mukhyamantri Majhi Ladki Bahin scheme launched by Maharashtra Government

 In a move aimed at empowering women, Maharashtra Deputy Chief Minister and NCP chief Ajit Pawar announced the
launch of the 'Mukhyamantri Majhi Ladki Bahin' (CM My Beloved Sister) scheme.
 This initiative, unveiled during the presentation of the state Budget at the Maharashtra Assembly, will provide all
women aged between 21 and 60 years in the state with a monthly allowance of ₹1,500 starting from July 2024.

155
CIPL to develop cloud-based file sharing, storage for Indian govt
 IT solutions provider Corporate Infotech has bagged a project worth Rs 240 crore to develop a cloud-based document
sharing and storage platform for government officials. The GovDrive project will serve nearly 50 lakh government
officials across the country, Corporate Infotech Private Ltd (CIPL) said in a statement.

BEL bags order from Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited AVNL

 Bharat Electronics (BEL) said that it has signed a contract valued at Rs 3,172 crore with Armoured Vehicles Nigam
(AVNL) on 28 June 2024 at AVNL Headquarters in Chennai.
 The project entails the supply and installation of an advanced, indigenously designed and developed sighting and fire
control system (FCS) for the upgrade of BMP 2/2K Tanks of the Indian Army, along with a comprehensive engineering
support package.

Air India to Set Up South Asia’s Largest Flight Training School in Amravati
 Air India will set up South Asia’s largest Flying Training Organization (FTO) at Amravati in the Vidarbha area. This
FTO will strengthen the available pilot training capacity in India, The flying school will be operational by mid 2026
and 180 commercial pilots will pass out every year.

International Toy Fair to Begin on July 6 with Over 100 Foreign Buyers
Source: Times of India
 More than 300 domestic companies and over 100 foreign buyers from the US, Germany and other countries are
expected to participate in the four-day international toy fair beginning on July 6 in the national capital, More than 250
Indian brands will display their products during the fair, which is being organised at Pragati Maidan Delhi.
 Toy Association of India senior vice-president Naresh Kumar Gautam said that the 15th Toy Biz International B2B
Expo 2024 is the largest fair in South Asia. It is a big platform for Indian toy makers to showcase their products and
capabilities to the global audience.

Union Minister G. Kishan Reddy Inaugurates DMF Gallery in Shastri Bhawan

 Union Minister of Coal and Mines, Shri G. Kishan Reddy inaugurated DMF gallery in Shastri Bhawan Minister of State
Shri Satish Chandra Dubey was also present. The DMF gallery will showcase products of Self-Help Groups (SHGs)
formed under District Mineral Foundation/Pradan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojna & SHGs supported by Mining
companies under their Corporate Social Responsibility, in the premises of Shastri Bhawan.

CM Mohan Yadav Launches ‘Lokpath’ Mobile App

 Chief Minister Dr. Mohan Yadav has launched ‘Lokpath’ Mobile App for the public, The mobile app will provide the
facility to the general public to report the problems of the roads and will also ensure the accountability of the officers.
Lokpath Mobile App has been prepared by Madhya Pradesh State Electronic Development Corporation Limited.

Bajaj Rolls Out World’s First CNG Bike

 Union minister for road transport and highways Nitin Gadkari on Friday launched Bajaj Auto’s new bike Freedom,
touted to be the world’s first CNG motorcycle, the minister called the bike “eco-friendly” and “sustainable”. It has a
12.5-litre (2 kg) CNG cylinder with a range of 100 km/kg, and users can switch between CNG and petrol modes via a
switch on the left handlebar.

D Y Chandrachud Inaugurates New Office of Securities Appellate Tribunal in Mumbai

Source:
 Chief Justice of India D Y Chandrachud inaugurated the new office of the Securities Appellate Tribunal in Mumbai, Mr.
Chandrachud hoped that the Securities and Exchange Board of India and the Securities Appellate Tribunal would
celebrate the successes while exercising caution.

NCPCR declares mica mines in Jharkhand as child labour free

 The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) declared the Mica mines of Jharkhand' child labour-
free' at an event in Koderma, Jharkhand, on 5 July 2024. Speaking at the function, the NCPCR chairperson Priyank
Kanoongo announced that this is the first-ever successful endeavour to cleanse a supply chain of child labour in mica
mining,
 Note: Working children up to 14 years of age are called child labour in India.

156
Shri Amit Shah inaugurates Amin PJKP Vidhyarthi Bhavan
 Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation Shri Amit Shah inaugurated the Amin PJKP Vidhyarthi Bhavan in
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, Many dignitaries including Gujarat Chief Minister Shri Bhupendra Patel were present on the
occasion, Shri Amit Shah also inaugurated the modern multispecialty SLiMS Hospital in Ahmedabad.

Waaree Renewable Technologies gets 412.5 MW solar project in Rajasthan

 Waaree Renewable Technologies Ltd (WRTL) has secured a contract to set up a 412.5 megawatt solar project in
Rajasthan, The project will be set up on engineering, procurement and contract (EPC) basis.

India Unveils Indigenous Light Tank named Zorawar

 India has unveiled the ‘Zorawar’ light tank, developed jointly by DRDO and Larsen & Toubro, aimed at bolstering
military capabilities in high-altitude environments. Designed within a record two-year timeframe, the tank features
advanced weaponry and protection systems, including a 105mm rifled cannon and composite modular armor.

Tata Power Launches ‘Ghar Ghar Solar’ Initiative in Uttar Pradesh

 Tata Power Solar Systems Limited has launched the ‘Ghar Ghar Solar’ initiative in Uttar Pradesh, starting from
Varanasi, aimed at providing every home with clean energy through rooftop solar solutions. This initiative promises
substantial financial savings and environmental benefits for residents.

Sanjay Seth launches GRSE Accelerated Innovation Nurturing Scheme (GAINS 2024)
 Raksha Rajya Mantri Shri Sanjay Seth launched “GRSE Accelerated Innovation Nurturing Scheme (GAINS 2024) of
Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited (GRSE) in Kolkata on July 10, 2024. It is an innovative scheme which
seeks solution to the problems related to the shipyards and promotes technology development using the start-ups
created and nurtured in the country.

Indian Government declared June 25 as Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas

 "The Government of India has decided to observe the 25th of June every year as 'Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas.' This day
will commemorate the massive contributions of all those who endured the inhuman pains of the 1975 Emergency.

NITI Aayog Releases SDG India Index 2023-24

 National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog) has released SDG India Index 2023-24 According to the NITI
Aayog's SDG India Index India's overall Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) score increased to 71 in 2023-24,
compared to 66 in 2020-21, supported by significant progress on eliminating poverty, providing decent work,
economic growth, climate action and life on land.

Nitish Singh of UP Conquered Mount Kinabalu

 Nitish Singh of UP Conquered Mount Kinabalu he climbed. It in 19 Hours & Hoisted The Tricolor Flag, He has achieved
this success in adverse conditions and amidst rain on a rocky mountain. Mount Kinabalu, the highest peak in Malaysia.

JNU to Introduce Centre for Hindu, Buddhist & Jain Studies

 The Jawaharlal Nehru University is set to establish specialized centres for Hindu, Buddhist and Jain studies, as part of
its School of Sanskrit and Indic Studies, The decision to set up the new centres was approved by the Executive Council
of the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) in a meeting on May 29.

PM inaugurates Indian Newspaper Society (INS) Towers in Mumbai, Maharashtra

 Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi inaugurated the INS Towers on his visit to the Indian Newspaper Society (INS)
Secretariat at G-Block, Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai. The new building will fulfill the evolving needs of Members of
INS for a modern and efficient office space in Mumbai and would serve as the nerve center for the newspaper industry
in Mumbai.

Amit Shah to Inaugurate Prime Minister College Of Excellence in All 55 District Of Madhya Pradesh
 Union Home Minister Amit Shah will inaugurate Prime Minister College of Excellence in all 55 districts of Madhya
Pradesh from Indore today (July 14) Earlier Mr. Amit Shah reviewed the implementation of the Vibrant Villages
Programme at a high-level meeting in New Delhi yesterday (July 13).

157
Uttarakhand Forest Department Opens Its First-Ever Bird Gallery in Dehradun
 The research wing of the Uttarakhand Forest Department established Uttarakhand’s first bird gallery at the Nature
Education Centre in Jolly Grant Dehradun. It’s a spot where nature fans can explore the vibrant world of Uttarakhand’s
birds, Uttarakhand has the highest number of bird species reported in India, with over 710 species, which is more
than 50 percent of the country’s bird species.

Dr. Jitendra Singh Inaugurates Asia’s 1st Health Research-Related “Pre-Clinical Network Facility
 Minister of State for Science and Technology, Dr. Jitendra Singh inaugurated Asia’s first health research-related “Pre-
clinical Network facility” at the Translational Health Science & Technology Institute” (THSTI).

Indore creates world record, plants 1.1 million saplings in a day

 Indore set a new Guinness World Record in the category of "the most trees planted by a team in 24 hours" by planting
more than 1.1 million saplings, a mega plantation drive was organized to set a world record at Revati Range by the
state government where more than 60,000 people from different walks of life participated.

[Link] and Truecaller Partner to Elevate Customer Experience and User Safety
 [Link], the leading platform for matchmaking in India, has announced a strategic partnership with Truecaller,
the global leader in verifying contacts and blocking unwanted communication. This collaboration aims to elevate trust
and safety in matchmaking and deliver a verified and contextual communication experience through Truecaller's
Customer Experience solutions.

Maharashtra CM Announces Ladla Bhai Yojana

 Maharashtra Chief Minister Eknath Shinde announced a new scheme called the 'Ladla Bhai Yojana' for youths who
have passed the 12th examination in the state. Under this scheme, students who have completed their 12th grade will
receive Rs 6,000 per month.

Virat Kohli Tops Celebrity Brand Valuation In 2023

 Cricketer Virat Kohli has reclaimed the top spot to become India's most valued celebrity, boasting a brand value of
$227.9 million in 2023. However, this value still falls short of his peak brand value of $237.7 million in 2020, as
reported by Kroll's Celebrity Brand Valuation Report 2023.

NFDC and Netflix India Collaborate To Train Voice-Over Artists

 National Film Development Corp and Netflix India joined hands to create avenues to provide training for voice-over
to artists, particularly women, to hone their skills and seek better opportunities in the ever growing media and
entertainment sector.

Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya Inaugurates Second Phase of KIRTI Initiative in New Delhi
 Youth Affairs and Sports Minister, Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya today inaugurated the second phase of Khelo India Rising
Talent Identification (KIRTI) initiative in New Delhi. The KIRTI has been envisioned to develop an integrated talent
identification architecture based on modern ICT tools and global best practices. It is aimed at streamlining the process
of grassroots talent identification on a single platform.

Govt. launches National Landslide Forecasting Centre, Portal and App

 To mitigate the hazards of landslides and provide early warning to the people affected by them, the government of
India has set up the National Landslide Forecasting Centre at Kolkata and launched the Bhusanket Web Portal and
Bhooskhalan Mobile App.

MotoGP India ropes in cricketer Shikhar Dhawan as its new brand ambassador
 Star India opener Shikhar Dhawan has been appointed the brand ambassador for MotoGP in India. Dhawan, known
for his dynamic presence on the cricket field, will ignite his passion for racing through latest campaign, 'Face Kar Race
Kar'.

India's Kush Maini wins his first-ever F2 Sprint race

 India's Kush Maini won his maiden Formula 2 Sprint Race at the Hungarian Grand Prix after initial winner Richard
Verschoor's was disqualified due to a technical infringement.

158
Purabi Dairy inks pact to operate Assam govt plant
 West Assam Milk Producers' Co-operative Union Ltd (WAMUL), known under the brand Purabi Dairy, has joined
hands with the Assam government to operate a 5,000-litre daily capacity plant in Dhemaji district.

Gujarat launches Shramik Basera scheme

 Gujarat CM launches Shramik Basera scheme this scheme will provide workers with essential facilities such as
drinking water, kitchens, electricity, fans, streetlights, toilets, CCTV security, and medical services. Maintenance
expenses for water, electricity, security, and cleanliness will be covered by the welfare board.

Rajiv Gandhi Civil Abhaya Hastham scheme launched

 Rajiv Gandhi Civil Abhaya Hastham Scheme is launched by Telangana government, The Rajiv Gandhi Civil Abhaya
Hastham Scheme is launched to support aspiring civil servants from the state financially. Under the Scheme Amount
of Rs 1 lakh will be credited to the bank of eligible beneficiary applicants.

C-DOT signs agreement with IIT, Roorkee and Mandi for Development of ‘Cell-Free’ 6G Access
 Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT), a premier Telecom R&D centre of the Department of
Telecommunications (DoT), Government of India, signed an agreement with the Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee (IIT Roorkee) and Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi (IIT Mandi), for the development of ‘Cell-Free’ 6G
Access Points. Both the IITs are collaborating to develop this technology.

Union Budget 2024-25: Rs 6.22 Lakh Crore Allocated to Ministry of Defence

 In the Union Budget for FY 2024-25, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) has received an allocation of Rs 6,21,940.85 crore
(approximately US $75 billion), marking the highest allocation among all ministries, This represents a 4.79% increase
over the previous fiscal year (FY 2023-24) and an 18.43% increase compared to FY 2022-23.

Telangana Launches TB-Free Model: Project Swasthya Nagaram

 Telangana government launched the “Project Swasthya Nagaram,” a unique model for TB-free municipalities, on July
24, 2024, in Hyderabad. This initiative is a collaborative effort by the State Tuberculosis Cell, Municipal Corporations
of Peerzadiguda, Boduppal, and Pocharam in Medchal Malkajgiri district, along with the Central TB Division, WHO
India, USAID, and other stakeholders, aims to achieve TB-free municipalities through an innovative approach.

Launch of Advanced Frigate Triput:

 The first of two Advanced Frigates under construction by Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) for the Indian Navy, was
launched on 23 Jul 24 at GSL, Goa. In keeping with maritime tradition, the ship was launched by Smt Rita Sreedharan
to the invocation from Atharva Veda, in the presence of Shri P S Sreedharan Pillai, Hon’ble Governor of Goa. The ship
has been named Triput, after the mighty arrow, representing the indomitable spirit of Indian Navy and its ability to
strike far and deep.

159
INTERNATIONAL
IAF & Egyptian Air Force hold drill HOPEX
 The fourth joint exercise of IAF (Indian Air Force) and EAF (Egyptian Air Force) HOPEX was held in Egypt from 21 to
26 June 2024. The aim of this exercise is to promote bilateral and regional cooperation, which is a symbol of the long-
standing relations between the two countries.
 Diplomatic relations between India and Egypt began on 18 August 1947 at the ambassadorial level. Both countries
have cooperated closely on multilateral forums as founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement.
 In the year 2022, India and Egypt celebrated the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations, which reflects the depth of
the relationship.

South Korea, US, & Japan conducted First Trilateral Multi-Domain Exercise
 South Korea, the US and Japan began their first trilateral multi-domain exercise. The three-day exercise, named
Freedom Edge, got underway in South Korea’s southern island of Jeju. The exercise comes amid efforts to deepen
security cooperation against threats from North Korea by its deepening ties with Russia. The exercise focused on
ballistic missile defence, air defence, antisubmarine warfare, search and rescue, maritime interdiction and defensive
cyber training.
 The U.S, Japan and South Korea agreed to the exercise during the Camp David Summit in August 2023. The defense
chiefs of the three countries announced the exercise on June 2 during the Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore.

The World's Largest Naval Exercise 'RIMPAC' Started in Pearl Harbor, USA
 Indian multi-role stealth frigate INS Shivalik, deployed in the South China Sea and North Pacific Ocean, is participating
in the ongoing Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise at Pearl Harbor in the US. This is the world's largest naval exercise.
INS Shivalik has reached this famous port of America after participating in the bilateral exercise 'JIMEX' between India
and Japan.
 The exercise, which began here on June 27, will continue till July 07 at Pearl Harbor, Pearl Harbor is a famous port and
deep water naval base of the United States, 10-km north-west of Honolulu in Hawaii Island. It is also the headquarters
of the US Pacific Fleet.

MMRDA Secures ₹850 Cr Deal with German Bank KfW for Urban Development
 The Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) has signed a major agreement with the German
state-owned development bank KfW, securing over ₹850 crore to enhance urban infrastructure development in the
Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR). In addition to the significant loan from KfW, MMRDA will contribute
approximately ₹365 crore from its own resources, bringing the total funding for these sustainability projects to
around ₹1,215 crore.

JSW Steel and JFE collaborate to introduce CPS technologies for blast furnace operations
 JSW Steel and JFE Steel Corporation (JFE) have commenced pilot demonstration of cloud-based Cyber-Physical System
(CPS) technologies for blast furnace operations at JSW Steel Vijayanagar Works.
 Through this revolutionary digital project, JSW Steel will leverage data science technologies in a cloud environment
to enhance efficiency of its blast furnace operations in the manufacturing of steel. This is the first project wherein JFE
provides its proprietary CPS capability to JSW Steel through a cloud-based environment.

Indian Army commences Joint Military exercise Maitree with Thai Army
Source: PIB
 The Indian Army has commenced its joint military exercise Maitree with the Royal Thai Army at Fort Vachiraprakan
in Tak Province of Thailand. The exercise will be held from 1 to 15 July 2024. The last Maitri exercise was held at the
Foreign Training Node, Umroi, Meghalaya, from 16 to 29 September 2019.
 About - The bilateral Maitree exercise was started between the Indian Army and the Royal Thai Army in 2006. Since
then, it has been regularly conducted between the two armies, In the latest edition of the Maitre, 76 army personnel
from the Ladakh Scouts and other divisions of the Indian Army are participating in the exercise, The 76 personnel of
the Royal Thailand Army, mainly from its 1st Battalion, 14 Infantry Regiment of 4 Division, are participating in the
exercise.

160
India-Mongolia Joint Military Exercise ‘Nomadic Elephant’ To Begin in Meghalaya
Source: India Today
 The 16th edition of the India-Mongolia joint military exercise “Nomadic Elephant” is set to commence on July 3 in
Umroi, Meghalaya, according to the Indian Army, The two-week training event, concluding on July 16, aims to enhance
interoperability between the two nations’ armies in semi-conventional operations within semi-urban and
mountainous terrains under UN mandate.
 About - Exercise ‘Nomadic Elephant’ is an annual training event with Mongolia which is conducted alternatively in
Mongolia and India. The 15th edition of the Joint Military Exercise ‘Nomadic Elephant’ was conducted in Mongolia’s
Ulaanbaatar, according to the Ministry of Defence’s earlier press release. Soldiers of the Mongolian Armed Forces Unit
084 and Indian Army soldiers from the Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry Regiment had participated in the exercise
in 2023.

China Builds New Presidential Palace in Vanuatu

Source: The Hindu
 China has constructed a new presidential palace in Vanuatu, symbolizing the strengthening relationship between the
two nations, the government of cash-strapped Vanuatu will soon settle into a suite of new buildings funded by China,
a move likely to reignite concerns about Beijing's reach in the South Pacific nation.
 At an official handover ceremony conducted in front of a towering China Aid billboard, Vanuatu Prime Minister Charlot
Salwai announced the opening of the nation's sweeping new presidential palace.

Dick Schoof sworn in as the new Dutch Prime Minister

Source: Times of India
 The Netherlands has a different Prime Minister for the first time in 14 years as Dutch King Willem-Alexander swore
in the country’s new government, more than seven months after elections dominated by a far-right, anti-Islam party.
 Dick Schoof, former head of the Dutch intelligence agency and counterterrorism office, signed the official royal decree
at Huis Ten Bosch Palace, saying he “declared and promised” to uphold his duties as the country’s prime minister. The
67-year-old was formally installed alongside 15 other ministers who make up the country’s right-leaning coalition.

Keir Starmer: The Next British Prime Minister

 Keir Starmer will become Britain's next Prime Minister on Friday as his Labour Party won a massive majority in the
UK's parliamentary election. Rishi Sunak conceded defeat in the national election, Keir Starmer, born in 1963 to a
working-class family near London, has a background in human rights law and public prosecution, he entered politics
relatively late, becoming an MP in 2015.

India donates digital equipment worth Rs 300 million to 200 schools in Sri Lanka
Source:
 India donated digital equipment, including 2,000 Tabs, worth Rs 300 million for use by 200 schools in the southern
province of Sri Lanka, Of the 200 selected schools, 150 are in the Galle district, while the remaining 50 are in the
Hambantota and Matara districts, Sri Lanka.

H.E Masoud Pezeshkian elected as the new President of Iran

Source:
 H.E Masoud Pezeshkian has been elected as the President of Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, The former
heart surgeon and health minister, he came across in the many presidential TV debates as a man of great personal
integrity and humility, desperate to bring the country together after it had been divided domestically and abroad.

Indo-Russian Joint Venture Delivers 35,000 AK-203 Assault Rifles to Indian Army
Source:
 In a significant milestone, Indo-Russian Rifles Private Limited has successfully produced and delivered 35,000 AK203
assault rifles to the Indian Ministry of Defence. This joint venture, registered and located in India, includes Russian
defense entities ROSOBORONEXPORT JSC and the Kalashnikov Group, both subsidiaries of the Rostec State
Corporation.

161
US-based AI company Glean Technologies launches its first office in India
Source:
 US-based artificial intelligence company Glean Technologies, Inc, announced the launch of their first office in India,
located in Bengaluru. The office will be the centre of operations for India and will house finance, sales, research and
development (R&D), and business operations functions. This innovation site will play a key role in enabling Glean’s
customers to deploy GenAI assistants and applications at scale globally.

Infosys collaborates with Sector Alarm to transform core enterprise business systems on cloud
 Indian IT services company Infosys announced a five-year collaboration with Sector Alarm, one of Europe's leading
providers in security, to migrate their core enterprise business systems on the cloud, Infosys will work closely with
Sector Alarm to migrate their disparate, on-premises Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) platform onto Microsoft
Dynamics 365 Finance and Operations (F&O).

Gujarat govt signs agreement with Intel Corporation for AI readiness

 The Gujarat government signed a partnership agreement with US-based technology company Intel Corporation for
artificial intelligence (AI) readiness to make the state a hub for innovation and investment in the digital economy.

India & Taiwan Signed Mutual Recognition Agreement for Organic Products
 The India-Taiwan Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) for Organic Products came into effect on 8 July 2024. This
was announced at the 9th Working Group on Trade Meeting of Indian and Taiwan in New Delhi. The landmark
agreement is likely to give a push to trade in organic products between the two countries.
 Under the agreement, organic products from India can be exported to Taiwan after it is certified by a competent
authority in India which confirms to the provisions of the National Programme for Organic Production.

Indian Air Force to Participate In Exercise Pitch Back 2024 in Australia

 The Indian Air Force (IAF) has reached the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Base Darwin, ready to participate in
Exercise Pitch Black 2024, set to be the largest iteration in the event’s 43-year history, Scheduled from July 12 to
August 2, this biennial multinational exercise will bring together 20 countries, featuring over 140 aircraft and 4,400
military personnel.

South Korea & NATO Sign Agreement on Mutual Recognition Process for Military Airworthiness Certification
 South Korea and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) have signed an agreement on a mutual recognition
process for military airworthiness certification. It is NATO’s first such deal with an Asian country. Under the deal
signed NATO will recognize the Seoul government’s airworthiness certification for South Korean-made planes.

Gitanas Nausėda Sworn in For Second Five-Year Term as the President of Lithuania
 Lithuanian President Gitanas Nausėda was sworn in for a second five-year term. The ceremony commenced with a
ceremonial event at the Lithuanian Parliament, the Seimas, where Mr. Nauseda took the presidential oath with his
hand on the Constitution.

KP Sharma Oli Sworn in as Prime Minister of Nepal

 K.P. Sharma Oli was sworn in as Nepal’s Prime Minister for the fourth time. The leader of Nepal’s largest communist
party was appointed Nepal’s Prime Minister on July 14, by President Ram Chandra Paudel to lead a new coalition
government that faces the daunting challenge of providing political stability in the Himalayan nation.

Rwanda's Kagame wins fourth term with 99% of vote

 Paul Kagame has won a fourth term as Rwanda's President with 99.15% of the vote, continuing his leadership since
2000. President Paul Kagame has secured a decisive victory in Rwanda's 2024 presidential election, capturing 99.15%
of the votes, as reported by the National Electoral Commission.

Roberta Metsola Re-elected as European Parliament President

 Roberta Metsola has been re-elected president of the European Parliament for the next two years and a half, marking
the beginning of the 10th legislature in Strasbourg, Roberta Metsola, a prominent Maltese politician, has secured a
historic win at the European Parliament, making her the first woman to achieve this feat in the EU assembly’s history.
Known for her leadership and advocacy, Metsola garnered significant support from EU politicians, receiving 562 out
of 623 votes in her favor.

162
Elon Musk says he will move SpaceX and X headquarters to Texas from California
 Billionaire Elon Musk has said he will move the headquarters of two of his most high-profile companies, rocket firm
SpaceX and social media platform X, from California to Texas, He said the move was due to recent laws passed by the
state - in particular a new law which prevents schools from making rules requiring staff tell anyone, including parents,
information about a child's gender identity.

EAM Jaishankar inaugurates Maitree Udyan in Port Louis, Mauritius

 External Affairs Minister Dr S Jaishankar inaugurated the India -Mauritius Maitree Udyan in Port Louis and planted a
tree there. The Foreign Minister of Mauritius, Maneesh Gobin was also present during the groundbreaking ceremony
on 16 July 2024. Dr S Jaishankar is on a two-day visit to Mauritius on July 16 and 17, 2024.

EAM Jaishankar Inaugurates India’s First Overseas Jan Aushadhi Kendra in Mauritius
 External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar inaugurated India’s first overseas Jan Aushadi Kendra in Mauritius, marking a
significant step in strengthening ties between the two nations. Mauritius Prime Minister Pravind Kumar Jugnauth was
also present at the event.

Belarus Introduces 90-Day Visa-Free Regime for 35 European Countries

 Belarus has announced a new visa-free regime allowing citizens from 35 European countries to stay in the country for
up to 90 days per year, this policy will be effective from July 19, 2024. The visa-free entry can be utilized multiple
times within a year but does not apply to holders of special passports such as diplomatic or official passports.

World’s first hydrogen-powered commercial ferry launches in San Francisco

 The world’s first commercial passenger ferry powered by 100% hydrogen fuel, the MV Sea Change, was launched at
the San Francisco Ferry Building. The 70-foot catamaran can transport up to 75 passengers along the waterfront
between Pier 41 and the downtown San Francisco ferry terminal starting July 19.

Ivory Coast Joins UN Water Convention as 10th African Nation

 Ivory Coast joined the United Nations Water Convention, becoming the 10th African nation to do so. In 2024, at least
three more African nations, which include Sierra Leone, Zambia and Zimbabwe, are in the final stages of accession and
joining the convention.

CEAT Tyres announces two-year partnership with Bayer 04 Leverkusen

 With an eye on the European market, Indian tyre manufacturer CEAT has inked a two-year partnership deal with
German football club Bayer 04 Leverkusen -- the reigning Bundesliga champions.
 This agreement makes CEAT the official tyre partner of the football club for the next two seasons, starting immediately
and running until June 30th, 2026.

NITI Aayog join hands with WIPO to develop programs for countries in the global south
 The Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) at NITI Aayog and the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) on July 22,
joined hands towards building joint innovation programmes in the Global South.
 This partnership will take the best of India’s innovation models to countries that are on similar development
trajectories, and will enhance understanding and awareness about IPR right from the school level and unlock the
innovation potential of the world as well as foster inclusive and sustainable economic growth.

Kristen Michal Sworn in as the new PM of Estonia

 The Estonian parliament voted for Climate Minister Kristen Michal to take over as Prime Minister, with 64 votes in
favor, Michal will succeed Kaja Kallas, who resigned as prime minister on July 15 to become the European Union’s new
chief diplomat.

163
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
NASA, SpaceX Launches Weather Satellite GOES-U
 SpaceX achieved a successful launch of the fourth and final satellite for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) program.
 According to NASA's statement, the GOES-R (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) constellation
represents a state-of-the-art system designed to deliver continuous monitoring of weather and potentially dangerous
environmental conditions across large parts of the Western Hemisphere.

DG, RPF Launches Sangyaan App A Comprehensive Legal Reference Application

 The Director General of Railway Protection Force (RPF) Manoj Yadava today launched the mobile application-
Sangyaan App, designed and developed by the Tech Team of RPF to provide in-depth information on three new
Criminal Acts: the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023, and the
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) 2023.
 Available in both Android and iOS, Sangyaan App aims to educate and empower RPF Personnel by providing
comprehensive information to understand the provisions of both new and old criminal laws, while highlighting the
relevance of these new acts in the context of RPF operations.
 The app features user-friendly navigation, a searchable database and offline access, making it a practical tool for
anyone seeking to stay informed about the latest legal developments in India.

SERA and Blue Origin announce India as Partner Nation for Human Spaceflight Program
 In a bid to democratise space, US-based Space Exploration and Research Agency (SERA) in collaboration with Jeff
Bezos’ space tech firm Blue Origin has announced India as a partner nation in their human spaceflight programme.
 SERA will offer citizens from India a seat on Blue Origin’s future mission of reusable rocket New Shepard on an 11-
minute journey past the Karman line (100 km), the globally accepted threshold between the earth’s atmosphere and
outer space.

Launching of Bhartiya Antariksh Hackathon-2024

 The Bharatiya Antariksh Hackathon is being organized as part of National Space Day-2024 Celebrations was launched
by the Secretary, DOS/ Chairman, ISRO. Dr. S Somanath on July 4, 2024. Twelve problem statements in the areas of
Geospatial Domain, Space Science, Image Processing, and AI/ML areas are identified for the hackathon and declared
open for undergraduate / postgraduate / PhD students across the country. A team of 3 to 4 students can participate
and address the challenges with innovative solutions, “National Space Day” will be celebrated on 23rd August every
year.

ICAI, MeitY join hands to develop ‘AI Audit Tool’ to oversee India Inc
 CA Institute has initiated talks with Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) to jointly develop an
'AI Audit Tool' to track performance of corporate India and detect corporate frauds, The proposed AI Audit Tool will
utilize artificial intelligence to monitor company performance, report fraud, and assist in maintaining companies as
going concerns.

WHO has launched MeDvlS Global Platform for Medical Device Information
 The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched the ‘Medical Devices Information System’ (MeDvlS), an online
platform for information on medical devices, MeDvlS is designed to support informed decision-making for
governments, regulators, and users when it comes to selecting, procuring, and utilising medical devices for
diagnostics, testing, and treatment of diseases and health conditions.

IIT Delhi & Prasar Bharati to Host Two-Day Robot Competition ‘DD-Robocon’ India 2024 in Delhi
 IIT Delhi and Prasar Bharati will host the two-day Robot Competition ‘DD-Robocon’ India 2024 at Thyagaraj Stadium
in Delhi. The event will host more than 750 students from over 45 colleges, institutions, and universities in the country.
During the competition, robots will face off each other to execute complex tasks within precise windows of time.

164
Nirma University Wins Robot Competition DD-Robocon India 2024
 The team of Institute of Technology, Nirma University won the Robot Competition DD-Robocon India 2024. The two
day event began on Saturday at Thyagaraj Stadium in New Delhi. This event was organised by Prasar Bharati and IIT
Delhi. The winning team will now represent India at the international Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union Robocon 2024
in QuangNinh, Vietnam.

Jyotiraditya Scindia launches NERACE Portal and Mobile App

 Union Minister for the Development of the North East Region Jyotiraditya Scindia launched the North East Region Agri
Commodity E-Connect (NERACE) App and web portal designed to benefit the farmers of the region and help position
it as a hub of high-value horticultural products in the international market.
 The NERACE app is intended to support agricultural and horticultural products such as spices, fruits, vegetables,
pulses, cereals, and minor forest products.

Zen Technologies Launches AI-Powered Robot for Global Defense Market

 Zen Technologies an anti-drone technology and defence training solutions provider, in collaboration with its
subsidiary AI Turing Technologies has Launched an AI-Powered Robot for Global Defense Market called Prahasta, a
powerful warrior from the Hindu epic the Ramayana.
 Prahasta is an automated quadruped that uses LiDAR (light detection and ranging) and reinforcement learning to
understand and create real-time 3D terrain mapping for unparalleled mission planning, navigation, and threat
assessment.

European Space Agency announces Ramses mission

 The European Space Agency (ESA) announced this week it plans to launch the Rapid Apophis Mission for Space Safety,
or Ramses, spacecraft in 2028, just in time to be ready to welcome asteroid Apophis during its close approach.

APPOINTMENT & RESIGNATIONS

NATO appoints Mark Rutte as its next secretary-general
 NATO appointed Mark Rutte as its next secretary-general putting the outgoing Dutch prime minister in charge of the
world’s biggest security organization at a critical time for European security as war rages in Ukraine.

India’s First AI University Appoints American Professor as VC

 Universal AI University (UAIU), India's pioneering institution dedicated to Artificial Intelligence, has named Simon
Mak, an international strategist and award-winning professor, as its vice chancellor. This appointment marks a
significant milestone, as Mak becomes the first foreign national to helm an Indian university as founding vice
chancellor.

Naik steps down as chairman of LTIM, LTTS; not on board of any L&T group co now
 Veteran industry leader A.M. Naik stepped down as the chairman of L&T Group's information technology and
engineering services arms, L&T Infotech Mindtree and L&T Technology Services.
Naik, who has been with the engineering, procurement and construction major for over six decades and led the
company through testing times, will not be on board of any Larsen and Toubro group companies from now on.

Seventeen appointed UNESCO's first goodwill ambassador for youth

 South Korean popular K-pop group Seventeen has been appointed as UNESCO's first-ever Goodwill Ambassador for
Youth, The boy group received a letter of appointment from UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay during a
nomination ceremony held at its headquarters in Paris.

Kapil Dev elected as the President of Professional Golf Tour of India

 Renowned Indian cricketer and ardent amateur golfer Kapil Dev has been elected as the new president of the
Professional Golf Tour of India (PGTI).
 He was elected after the previous president, H Srinivasan, withdrew his candidature for the President’s post.
 Kapil Dev, the captain of the 1983 Men’s Cricket World Cup winning team has been the vice president and member of
PGTI's governing body for the last three years.

165
Radhika Nair Appointed Head of People & Culture for Volvo Group in India
 Volvo Group has announced the appointment of Radhika Nair as the Head of People & Culture for India, effective July
1, 2024.
Radhika, who joined the Group in 2021, comes with rich experience of over two decades under her hat. Prior to this,
she has held the positions as Vice President, P&C for Global Vehicle Technology, as well as Head of People and Culture
at Technology Centre of Volvo Group in Bangalore.

IFS officer Vikram Misri appointed as the next Foreign Secretary

 The 1989 batch Indian Foreign Service IFS officer Vikram Misri has been appointed as the next Foreign Secretary. He
will succeed Vinay Mohan Kwatra whose tenure is ending on 14th of next month. Mr Misri is currently serving as
Deputy National Security Advisor in the National Security Council Secretariat. He has served as Indian Envoy in China,
Myanmar and Spain. Mr Misri has the rare distinction of serving as Private Secretary to three Prime Ministers, Inder
Kumar Gujral in 1997, Manmohan Singh in 2012 and Narendra Modi in 2014.
Bank of Baroda appoints tennis sensation Nagal as brand endorser
 Bank of Baroda has signed tennis player, Sumit Nagal, as its brand endorser. The bank stated that this move was in
alignment with its philosophy to support emerging talented and ambitious Indian sportspersons who compete with
the best on the world stage.

JD(U) Appoints RS MP Sanjay Jha As The Party National Executive President

 Janata Dal United appointed Rajya Sabha MP and party leader Sanjay Jha as the party national executive president. Mr
Jha was appointed at the party’s national executive meeting that featured JD(U) MPs, ministers, executive members,
general secretaries, secretaries and state presidents.

FSIB appoints Challa Sreenivasalu Setty as SBI’s 27th chairman, replaces Dinesh Khara
 Financial Services Institution Bureau (FSIB) has selected Challa Sreenivasulu Setty as the next chairman of State Bank
of India (SBI). Ashwini Tiwari and Vinay Tonse were two other contenders to the post.
 Setty will succeed the current chairman, Dinesh Khara, when he turns 63, the upper age limit for the position of SBI
Chairman. His term is scheduled to end in August 2024.

LIC re-designates Siddhartha Mohanty as CEO and MD

 Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) has re-designated Chairman Siddhartha Mohanty as the Chief Executive
Officer and Managing Director.
 Mohanty had joined the insurance giant as an apprentice officer in 1985. He holds a Bachelor's degree in law and a
Master’s degree in arts (Political Science) from Utkal University, Bhubaneswar. Mohanty also has a post-graduate
certification in business management from the Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneshwar.

Ravi Agrawal appointed new CBDT chief, to succeed Nitin Gupta

 Ravi Agrawal, a 1988-batch IRS officer, has been appointed as the new chairman of the Central Board of Direct Taxes
(CBDT), the administrative body for the Income Tax Department.
 He takes over from Nitin Gupta, a 1986-batch Indian Revenue Service officer, whose extended tenure as the chairman
ends on Sunday, June 30.
 Gupta was appointed as the CBDT chief in June, 2022. He was scheduled to retire in September last year but was given
a nine-month extension till June, The new CBDT chief is currently working as member (administration) in the board.

Sujata Saunik Becomes Maharashtra's First Woman Chief Secretary

 Senior IAS officer Sujata Saunik took over as Maharashtra's Chief Secretary, becoming the first woman in the state's
64-year-old history to occupy the top post.
 Sujata Saunik, an IAS officer of the 1987 batch, succeeds Nitin Kareer who retired as the chief secretary on Sunday.
She will have a year's tenure before retiring in June next year.

SARS Commissioner re-elected as WCO Council Chairperson

Source: SAICA
 The highest decision-making body of the World Customs Organization, the WCO Council, has re-elected the South
African Revenue Service (SARS) Commissioner Edward Kieswetter as its Chairperson for a second term.

166
 Following his re-election (2024 - 2025), Kieswetter said the WCO is becoming ever more important, given the
technological and big data innovations that facilitate trade, the growth of eCommerce, as well as global uncertainties
taking place in the geo-political landscape.

Puma India ropes in Gen Z cricketers Riyan Parag, Nitish Kumar Reddy as brand ambassadors
 Sports brand Puma India, has appointed Riyan Parag and Nitish Kumar Reddy, country’s promising cricketers and
batters as brand ambassadors, This is in line with the brand’s commitment to nurturing young talent and solidifying
the sports brand’s connect with youth culture in the country.

Rajinder Khanna Appointed as New Additional NSA and more

 The government has recently made some changes in the National Security Council (NSC) by making several high-
profile appointments. Former Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) chief Rajinder Khanna has been promoted to
Additional National Security Adviser (NSA). T V Ravichandran and Pavan Kapoor have also been appointed as Deputy
NSAs.

Champai Soren resigns as Jharkhand CM

 Champai Soren, who had taken oath as the 12th chief minister of Jharkhand on February 2 after Hemant Soren's arrest,
gave his resignation to Governor C.P. Radhakrishnan at Raj Bhavan in the presence of the JMM executive president.

SBI General Insurance Appoints Naveen Chandra Jha as New MD & CEO
 SBI General Insurance Company Ltd. has appointed Shri Naveen Chandra Jha as its new Managing Director and Chief
Executive Officer. He succeeds Shri Kishore Kumar Poludasu, nominated by parent company State Bank of India.
 Shri Naveen Chandra Jha brings nearly three decades of experience with State Bank of India, holding various critical
roles including Deputy Managing Director and Chief General Manager of Amaravati Circle, Andhra Pradesh, before
assuming his new role.
Hemant Soren Takes Oath as Chief Minister of Jharkhand
 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) president Hemant Soren to form the government, a day after Champai Soren stepped
down from the chief minister’s post, Soren took oath as the new Chief Minister of Jharkhand as Champai Soren
resigned from the post just five months after taking the oath.

Justice BR Sarangi appointed Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court

 The Central government has notified the appointment of Justice BR Sarangi as the Chief Justice of Jharkhand High
Court. Significantly, the Centre's notification comes almost 6 months after the Supreme Court Collegium proposed
Justice Sarangi's elevation. He is now set to retire in less than a month on July 20. He is currently the senior most Judge
of the Orissa High Court and will fill the post.

RBI Appoints Charulatha S Kar as Executive Director

 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has appointed Charulatha S Kar as new Executive Director, with effect from July 1.
2024.
 Kar will look after Department of Communication, Human Resource Management Department, and Right to
Information (First Appellate Authority), RBI said in a release.
 Prior to being promoted as ED, Kar was serving as Chief General Manager-in-Charge in the Human Resource
Management Department.

Dhirendra Ojha Appointed Principal Spokesperson of Central Government

 Senior Indian Information Service (IIS) officer Dhirendra K Ojha has been appointed as the principal spokesperson of
the Central Government. Ojha, a 1990-batch officer, will also hold the charge of the principal director general, Press
Information Bureau .Ojha succeeds Sheyphali B Sharan, who has been appointed as the director general of the
Publications Division. Sharan, also a 1990-batch IIS officer, was given the charge of principal director general, PIB on
April 1 this year.

Bandhan Bank appoints Ratan Kumar Kesh as interim MD and CEO

Source:
 Private sector Bandhan Bank’s board has approved the appointment of Ratan Kumar Kesh as interim MD and CEO
from July 10, a day after its founder MD and CEO Chandra Shekhar Ghosh exits office, the appointment is for a period
of three months or till the new MD and CEO takes charge, whichever is earlier.

167
A. Arun Appointed new Chennai police Commissioner
 The Tamil Nadu government on Monday transferred Sandeep Rai Rathore as Commissioner of Police, Greater Chennai
and replaced him with senior IPS officer A Arun, Arun is presently Additional Director General of Police (ADGP), Law
and Order.

BYD India appoints Rajeev Chauhan as VP of electric passenger vehicle business

 Automaker BYD India has appointed Rajeev Chauhan as Vice President of the electric passenger vehicle Business, He
takes over from Sanjay Gopalakrishnan, who is retiring after over three decades in the Indian automotive industry.
 Chauhan, who has worked in Honda Cars India and Volvo Car India on earlier stints, will spearhead the overall electric
passenger vehicle business of BYD India.

Elisa de Anda Madrazo Assumes FATF Presidency for 2024-2026

 Elisa de Anda Madrazo of Mexico has assumed the presidency of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) for a two-
year term from July 2024 to June 2026, Ms. De Anda currently serves as Director General in Mexico’s Ministry of
Finance and Public Credit. Previously, she served as Attaché to the Mexican Embassy in Washington DC (2015-2019).
In addition, in 2016.

Charanjit Attra resigns as group chief operating officer of Jio Financial Services
 Jio Financial Services Group Chief Operating Officer Charanjit Attra has resigned consequent to his appointment as the
managing director and CEO of Jio Leasing Services Ltd, Jio Leasing Services is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the
company, Attra has tendered his resignation with effect from the close of business hours of July 8, 2024.

RBI approves Govind Singh's re-appointment as MD & CEO of Utkarsh SFB

 Reserve Bank of India vide its letter dated July 8, 2024, has conveyed its approval for re-appointment of Mr. Govind
Singh as managing director and chief executive officer of Utkarsh SFB for a period of three years w.e.f. September 21,
2024,” the filing said. The present term of Govind Singh is up to September 20, 2024.

Dr. Soumya Swaminathan Appointed as Principal Adviser for National TB Elimination Programme
 India's Health Ministry has appointed Dr Soumya Swaminathan as 'Principal Advisor' at the Union Ministry of Health
& Family Welfare for the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme. Her appointment is on a pro bono basis. Prof
Swaminathan was the former Chief Scientist of the World Health Organization.

IEX approved the reappointment of Satyanarayan Goel as its Chairman and Managing Director
 The board of Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) has approved the reappointment of Satyanarayan Goel as its Chairman
and Managing Director for a three-year term starting August 10, 2024, The Current term ends on August 9, 2024.

Gautam Gambhir replaces Rahul Dravid as head coach of Indian men's cricket team
 Former Indian cricketer Gautam Gambhir has been appointed as head coach of Indian men's cricket team, Gambhir
replaced Rahul Dravid, who led the Men in Blue to the final of the ICC World Test Championship as well as the ODI
Cricket World Cup in 2023, before winning the T20 World Cup 2024 in June.

Rajat Sharma Elected as NBDA President

 Rajat Sharma, Chairman and Editor-in-Chief of India TV, has been elected as the President of the News Broadcasters
& Digital Association (NBDA), the largest organization of news broadcasters in India, consisting of almost all major
news networks in the country.

Lt Gen Shankar Narayan assumes appointment as Commandant of Army Hospital (R&R)

 Lt Gen Shankar Narayan, NM, VSM, assumed appointment as the Commandant of Army Hospital Research & Referral
(R & R) - the apex hospital of the Armed Forces Medical Services on 10 July 2024.
 An alumnus of the 1982 ('U') batch of the Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, the General Officer specialised in
Pediatrics, did post-doctoral sub-specialisation in Neonatology from AIIMS, New Delhi and trained in Pediatric Liver
Transplantation at the King's College Hospital, London.

168
Paytm Payments Bank appoints ex-IDBI Bank executive Arun Bansal as new CEO
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had approved Arun Bansal's appointment as the MD and CEO of the Paytm payments
bank, he communicated on June 20 to IDBI Bank. He resigned from his position as the executive director and head of
treasury (on contract) at IDBI Bank.

Government Appoints Robert J Ravi as New CMD of BSNL

 The government has appointed Robert Jerard Ravi as the new Chairman and Managing Director of Bharat Sanchar
Nigam Limited (BSNL) effective July 15, denying extension to outgoing P K Purwar, who served as the CMD of BSNL
and MTNL since July 2019.

PCB appoints Tony Hemming as chief curator for 2 years

 The Pakistan Cricket Board has appointed Australia's Tony Hemming as its new chief curator on a two-year contract,
Australian curator Hemming has worked in the past with ICC, and has four decades of experience in pitch and outfield
management.

Vikram Misri Assumes Charge as Foreign Secretary of India

 Vikram Misri assumed the charge of Foreign Secretary of India. The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) expressed
warm regards and best wishes to Foreign Secretary Misri for a successful tenure ahead.
 Misri, 59, succeeds Vinay Mohan Kwatra, whose tenure was marked by notable achievements in foreign policy and
national security. External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar acknowledged Kwatra’s contributions, particularly
highlighting his strategic acumen in shaping and executing key policies over the past decade.

Sumant Sinha appointed Co-Chair of Global CEO Climate Leaders Alliance

 Mr. Sumant Sinha, Chairman and CEO of ReNew, has been named Co-Chair of the Alliance of CEO Climate Leaders, the
largest CEO-led climate alliance in the world, and a flagship initiative of the World Economic Forum, Together, they
will work closely with a cohort of 130-member CEOs across 12 Industries on driving strategic priorities of the Alliance.

Former CS Manoj Saunik appointed as next MahaRERA Chairman

The state government on Tuesday appointed former chief secretary of Maharashtra, Manoj Saunik, as the next chairman
of the Maharashtra Real Estate Regulatory Authority (MahaRERA). Saunik will succeed the current chairman and his
close friend, Ajoy Mehta, whose term ends in September 2024

HSBC Appoints Insider Georges Elhedery as CEO

 HSBC Holdings Plc has appointed its Chief Financial Officer Georges Elhedery as its next CEO Elhedery, 50, who
becomes HSBC's third chief executive in less than eight years, will replace outgoing head Noel Quinn from Sept. 2.
While the 160-year-old lender did consider external candidates, it has traditionally appointed its CEO from within.

Von der Leyen Re-elected as EU Commission President

 With 401 votes in favour, the European Parliament elected Ursula von der Leyen as President of the European
Commission in a secret ballot on 18 July, 2024, this will be Ursula von der Leyen’s second term as Commission
President. She was first elected by MEPs in July 2019.
 Parliament is currently composed of 719 MEPs, so the necessary majority was 360 votes. The vote was held by secret
paper ballot. 401 MEPs voted in favour, 284 against, and 22 cast blank or invalid votes.

Steel Ministry appoints Vinod Kumar Tripathy as govt Director on MOIL board, amd more
 Vinod Kumar Tripathy, a joint secretary in the Ministry of Steel, has been appointed as a government Director on the
board of MOIL, Accordingly, Sanjay Roy has ceased to be the government nominee director on the board of the
company.

Former Foreign Secretary Vinay Kwatra Appointed as India’s New Ambassador to the U.S.
 Amidst “differences” with the United States over India's ties with Russia and a number of other issues, New Delhi has
announced that it will send Vinay Kwatra, who retired as Foreign Secretary just last week, to Washington as India's
new Ambassador, filling a position that has been lying vacant for more than six months .

169
UPSC Chairman Manoj Soni Resigns Unexpectedly, Citing Personal Reasons
 Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Chairman Manoj Soni has tendered his resignation, citing “personal
reasons,” nearly five years before his scheduled term was set to end. Sources at the Department of Personnel and
Training (DOPT) have confirmed this unexpected move.

Sanjeev Krishan re-elected as chairman of PwC in India for second term

 PwC India announced that Sanjeev Krishan has been re-elected as its chairperson for a second term. Krishan, 53, will
hold the post for four years beginning April 1, 2025.
 The consultancy said that Krishan would continue to represent it externally and internally. He will also continue to
serve on the PwC Global Strategy Council.

Asian Paralympic Committee appoints Deepa Malik as representative for South Asia
 India's first woman Paralympic medallist Deepa Malik has been named sub-regional representative for South Asia by
the Asian Paralympic Committee (APC), This appointment was confirmed during the 34th Executive Board meeting of
the APC, signifies a significant step forward for gender diversity and athlete-centric leadership in para-sports. She will
take up her post immediately.

Manolo Marquez Appointed Head Coach of Indian Men’s Football Team

 Manolo Marquez has been appointed as the new head coach of the Indian men’s football team by the All India Football
Federation (AIFF) on Saturday - July 20. Marquez will take over as the full-time national team head coach after ISL
2024-25.

KV Subramanian appointed MD & CEO of Federal Bank

 Krishnan Venkat Subramanian has been appointed as the Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer of Federal Bank
with effect from September 23, 2024. The current MD Shyam Srinivasan will step down from the position after a 14
year stint at the top. The Reserve Bank of India has approved Manian’s appointment.

Bibhuti Bhusan Nayak elected new president of ICMAI for 2024-25

 Bibhuti Bhusan Nayak has been elected unanimously as the new President of the Institute of Cost Accountants of India
(ICMAI) for the 2024-25 period. He will succeed Ashwin Dalwadi, who was the president for the 2023-24 period, TCA
Srinivasa Prasad has been elected as the vice president of the Institute of Cost Accountants of India for 2024-25.
 The election to elect the new president and vice president of the Institute of Cost Accountants of India for 2024-25
was held on 22 July 2024 in New Delhi.

Sania Mirza, Mary Kom and Rannvijay Singha Join Play Sports as Brand Ambassadors
 Six-time Grand Slam winner and former World No. 1 in women’s doubles Sania Mirza, six-time World Champion and
Olympic bronze medallist MC Mary Kom and actor Rannvijay Singha have joined ‘Play Sports’ as brand ambassadors.
 Objective - Play Sport’s objective is to create a sustainable sports eco system in India by working with schools,
developing sports, managing sports infrastructure, running academies and scouting talent from grassroots.

Ajinkya Naik Elected as the President of MCA

 Ajinkya Naik, at 37 years old, has been elected as the youngest president in the history of the Mumbai Cricket
Association (MCA). In a decisive victory, Naik defeated Sanjay Naik, a candidate supported by Mumbai BJP chief Ashish
Shelar, by 107 votes in a one-sided election.

AWARDS & RECOGNITION

GRSE Wins Sustainable Governance Champion Award
 Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) Ltd. has been honoured with the "Sustainable Governance Champion
Award" at the Outlook Planet Sustainability Summit & Awards 2024.
 This recognition highlights GRSE's unwavering commitment to sustainable practices and governance excellence. The
Sustainable Governance Champion Award is a testament to GRSE's efforts in integrating sustainability into its core
operations, driving innovation, and promoting environmental stewardship within the maritime and defense sectors.

170
 GRSE has continually strived to set new benchmarks in sustainable practices, incorporating advanced technologies
and eco-friendly measures in its shipbuilding processes.

Arundhati Roy Honored With Prestigious Pen Pinter Prize 2024

 Booker Prize-winning author Arundhati Roy, currently facing the threat of prosecution over historic comments on
Kashmir 14 years ago, was on Thursday honoured with the prestigious Pen Pinter Prize 2024 for her “unflinching and
unswerving” writings.
 The prize, established in 2009 by the charity English PEN, defends freedom of expression and celebrates literature in
memory of Nobel-Laureate playwright Harold Pinter, She expressed her delight at being named this year's winner
amid an “incomprehensible turn” the world is taking.

Dr Usha Thakur Awarded 12th Vishwa Hindi Samman In Hindi Samvad Event
 Dr Usha Thakur was awarded 12th Vishwa Hindi Samman in an Hindi Samvad event organised by Embassy of India in
Nepal recognising her contribution in development of Hindi literature.
 She has translated more than 40 literatures in Hindi and Nepali and strengthened Hindi language. This award is given
by the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India.

Dr. Arpit Chopra Receives Prestigious Excellence Award for Pioneering Work in Homeopathy
 Dr. Arpit Chopra Receives Prestigious Excellence Award for Pioneering Work in Homeopathy. Dr. Arpit Chopra, a
distinguished homoeopathic practitioner, was bestowed with the Excellence Award at the NDTV MSMES (Micro, Small
and Medium Enterprises) Summit held in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

Tamil writer Sivashankari selected for Dr. C. Narayana Reddy National Literary Award
 Renowned author of Tamil literature, Sivashankari has been selected for the highly esteemed Dr. C. Narayana Reddy
National Literary Award. This prestigious accolade celebrates her immense contributions to the rich tapestry of Tamil
literary culture and her role in shaping contemporary Indian literature.

PM Modi Received Russia’s Highest Civilian Honour for Outstanding Service

 Prime Minister Narendra Modi was ceremoniously presented with the Order of St Andrew the Apostle the First-Called,
which was bestowed on him in the year 2019 at St Catherine's Hall of the Moscow Kremlin.
 The order was presented to the Prime Minister of India for his distinguished contribution to the development of a
privileged strategic partnership between Russia and India and friendly ties between the two countries.

HCLTech's Roshni Nadar Malhotra conferred highest civilian award of France

 Chairperson of IT services firm HCL-Tech, Roshni Nadar Malhotra, was conferred with the "Chevalier de la Légion
d’Honneur" (Knight of the Legion of Honour), the highest civilian award of France, Instituted in 1802 by Napoleon
Bonaparte, the Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur is the highest civilian award given by the French Republic for
outstanding service to France, regardless of the nationality of the recipients.

Nagaland Adjudged As Best State in Horticulture at Agriculture Leadership Awards 2024

 Nagaland has been adjudged as the best state in Horticulture in the prestigious Agriculture Leadership Awards 2024.
The award was given to the state for its outstanding work in introducing innovative programmes and policies for
horticulture development, Nagaland’s Minister for Women Resource Development & Horticulture, Salhoutuonuo
Kruse received the award at the 15th Agriculture Leadership Conclave held in New Delhi.

International honour for Andhra Pradesh Community Managed Natural Farming (APCNF) program
 The Andhra Pradesh Community Managed Natural Farming (APCNF) program, led by the Government of Andhra
Pradesh, has been awarded the prestigious Gulbenkian Prize for Humanity 2024, the announcement was made by Dr.
Angela Merkel, chair of the Jury and former Federal Chancellor of Germany, during a ceremony in Lisbon, Portugal on
July 11th.

IMO Award for Exceptional Bravery at Sea 2024 announced

 Captain Avhilash Rawat and his crew of an oil tanker Marlin Luanda have been named among the winners of the
International Maritime Organisation (IMO) 2024 Award for Exceptional Bravery at Sea for their “extraordinary
courage” shown in a Red Sea rescue mission.

171
 The second recipient of the award is Captain Jorge Fernando Galaviz Fuentes and the crew of the tugboat Pemex Maya,
(Nominated by Mexico) for their outstanding courage, seamanship skills and resolve displayed in the rescue of six
shipwrecked persons from four different vessels, in extreme weather and heavy seas caused by a hurricane.

Two Indian space scientists honored at the Global Space Conference - COSPAR
 Two Indian space scientists Prahlad Chandra Agrawal and Anil Bhardwaj, received the honor at the Global Space
Conference from the prestigious organization. Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) conference in Busan.
 Senior space scientist Prahlad Chandra Agrawal is a retired professor at the Department of Astronomy and
Astrophysics at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, The other scientist Anil Bhardwaj director of the
Ahmedabad-based Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), was honoured with the Vikram Sarabhai Medal, for his
contribution to the country's space science research expansion.

INS Delhi Wins Best Ship of Eastern Fleet 2024

 INS Delhi was awarded Best Ship of the Eastern Fleet for its exceptional performance at the Fleet Awards Function in
Visakhapatnam on July 14, 2024. On July 14 Visakhapatnam hosted the prestigious Fleet Awards Function to honor
the Eastern Fleet's exceptional operational achievements over the past year.

Sobha Group's Sri Kurumba Trust Wins Global CSR ESG Award 2024
 Sobha Group’s CSR wing, Sri Kurumba Educational and Charitable Trust, has been honoured with the “Best Child and
Women Development Initiatives of the Year 2024.” This esteemed accolade was presented at the Global CSR,
Sustainability, and ESG Awards 2024, at the Hyatt Regency, Gurgaon. The event was organised by Marketing and Brand
Honchos and brought together industry leaders and champions of social responsibility.

Chhangte, Indumathi win top AIFF awards

 India and Mumbai City FC winger Lallianzuala Chhangte and national women's team midfielder Indumathi Kathiresan
won the All India Football Federation's (AIFF) male and female Player of the Award respectively, the awards were
given at a function organised by the national football federation.

IISR Wins Best Technology Award

 The Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR) has received the best technology award for its pioneering work in the
field of horticultural sciences, Union Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan presented the
award during the 96th Foundation Day celebrations of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) in New
Delhi.

Poet Jukanti Jagannatham Honoured With Sri Dasarathi Krishnamacharya Award

 Telangana government has nominated eminent writer and poet Jukanti Jagannatham for the prestigious “Sri Dasarathi
Krishnamacharya Award” for this year. The state government announced that Mr Jagannatham will be bestowed with
the award including one lakh rupees cash and a memento on the occasion of the birth anniversary of Dasarathi
Krishnamacharya.

Leander Paes and Vijay Amritraj Inducted into International Tennis Hall of Fame
 In a momentous occasion for Indian and Asian tennis, former Indian tennis stars Leander Paes and Vijay Amritraj have
become the first Asian men to be inducted into the prestigious International Tennis Hall of Fame. This historic
induction not only celebrates their individual achievements but also marks a significant milestone for tennis in the
Asian continent.

Abhinav Bindra Awarded Prestigious Olympic Order by IOC; Becomes First Indian To Receive Award
 The International Olympic Committee Executive Board has decided to award India’s first individual Olympic gold
medallist Abhinav Bindra with the Olympic Order for his outstanding services to the Olympic Movement. The award
will be given during the 142nd IOC Session in Paris on 10th of August 2024. The Olympic Order is the highest award
of the IOC, given for distinguished contributions to the Olympic Movement.

ISRO’s Chandrayaan 3 won the prestigious IAF: World Space Award 2024
 Chandrayaan-3, India's lunar mission, wins the prestigious World Space Award from the International Astronautical
Federation for its historic achievement of landing near the lunar South Pole, marking India's entry into elite lunar
landing nations.

172
Rahaab Allana Honored with French Arts and Letters Insignia
 Curator and author Rahaab Allana has been awarded the insignia of Officier dans l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the
French government. The prestigious honor recognizes individuals who have made significant contributions to art,
culture, and literature, or who have influenced the global arts landscape.

Shah Rukh Khan, First Indian Actor, Honoured With Gold Coins
 Bollywood superstar Shah Rukh Khan has been honoured with customised gold coins by the Grevin Museum in Paris.
Shah Rukh is the first Indian actor to have gold coins in his name at the museum.
 About - Gervin Museum: The Gervin Museum is a wax museum located on the Grands Boulevards in Paris. The Dunki
actor has his wax statues in several wax museums across the globe including the US, the UK, Germany, France, Czech
Republic, Thailand, India, Singapore and Australia.

BOOK & AUTHOR

Manoj Bajpayee: The Definitive Biography, book by Piyush Pandey
 After watching a film, if you remember the character, then the person who played that is a good actor. But if you
remember the actor who played the character, the person who played that is a star. Actors die with their characters,
stars live on says Manoj Bajpayee in ‘The Definitive Biography’, pointing out why despite portraying numerous
unforgettable characters in his career:
 “Manoj Bajpayee: The Definitive Biography” by journalist Piyush Pandey offers readers an intimate look into the life
of one of India’s most respected actors.

Book titled ‘Power Within: The Leadership Legacy of Narendra Modi’ by Dr R Balasubramaniam
 Dr R Balasubramaniam released a book titled ‘Power Within: The Leadership Legacy of Narendra Modi’. The book
captures Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership journey and interprets it through Western and Indic lenses,
amalgamating them to provide a roadmap for those who aspire to a life of public service. Prime Minister, Shri Narendra
Modi also met Dr R Balasubramaniam and signed a copy of the book.

BOOKS & AUTHOR

The Book ‘Wings to Our Hopes, Volume I, Released In New Delhi
 The book ‘Wings to Our Hopes, Volume I,’ which compiles 75 significant speeches from the first year of President
Droupadi Murmu’s tenure, got released in New Delhi. Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan released the
e-book in the presence of Information and Broadcasting Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw. The Publication Division has
published this book. The book will be released in Hindi and English.

IMPORTANT DAY
Micro-, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSME) Day
 Every year on June 27, the world celebrates Micro-, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSME) Day. This important
observance highlights the crucial role these businesses play in our economies and communities.
 The 2024 theme focuses on “Leveraging Power and Resilience of Micro-, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
(MSMEs) to Accelerate Sustainable Development and Eradicate Poverty in Times of Multiple Crises“. This theme
recognizes the potential of MSMEs to drive progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs).

Helen Keller Day

 Every year on June 27 we celebrate Helen Keller Day! This day honours the extraordinary woman who overcame
blindness and deafness to become a world-renowned author and activist. Helen's story inspires us with its message
of perseverance, resilience, and the power of communication.
 Keller was born on June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, Alabama to Arthur Henley Keller and Catherine Everett (Adams)
Keller. She was diagnosed with a type of bacterial meningitis when she was 19 months old, and as a result, she was
unable to see, hear, or communicate. Alexander Graham Bell, a well-known scientist and inventor who is credited with

173
creating the first telephone, responded to the family's request for guidance and advised them to admit her to Boston's
Perkins Institute for the Blind.

National Statistics Day :India

 Government of India has designated June 29 every year - birth anniversary of Professor (late) Prasanta Chandra
Mahalanobis as “Statistics Day” in the category of Special Days to be celebrated at the national level.
 Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was an Indian scientist and statistician. He is best remembered for the Mahalanobis
distance, a statistical measure, and for being one of the members of the first Planning Commission of free India. He
made pioneering studies in anthropometry in India.

International Day of the Tropics

 The International Day of the Tropics is celebrated on June 29 every year to highlight the challenges and opportunities
nations of the Tropics face, Tropics are a region of the Earth, roughly defined as the area between the tropic of Cancer
and the tropic of Capricorn. Although topography and other factors contribute to climatic variation, tropical locations
are typically warm and experience little seasonal change in day-to-day temperature.
 On June 14th, 2016 the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution that declared June 29th as the International Day of
the Tropics. The UN chose the date June 29th to mark the anniversary of the inaugural “State of Tropics Report.” The
report was launched in 2014 by Nobel Laureate Aung San Suu Kyi from Myanmar (Burma).

National Doctor's Day (India)

 Every year, National Doctor’s Day: India, is observed on July 1. This year, 2024 the special day will be celebrated on
Monday.
 July 1 was announced as National Doctor’s Day in 1991 by the Government of India to commemorate the birth
anniversary of the celebrated doctor – Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy.
 Born on July 1, 1882, Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy was a renowned physician and served as the second Chief Minister of
the state of West Bengal. His contributions to healthcare and the public health are celebrated till date.

Chartered Accountants Day (India)

 In India, National Chartered Accountants Day is marked every July 1st, and in 2024 it will be observed on a Monday.
It is one of the most important days for the accounting and finance communities across the nation, as it honours the
founding of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) back in 1949.

GST Day
 GST Day is observed on July 1 each year. The celebration in 2024 marks the seventh anniversary of the GST system in
India. This comprehensive indirect tax was introduced to simplify the complex web of taxes previously levied by
central and state governments.
 Goods and Services Tax (GST) introduced on July 1, 2017, was a 360-degree tax reform that transformed India’s
taxation landscape from a regime which had multiple taxes to a single indirect tax structure which subsumed these
multiple taxes and removed the cascading effect.
World Sports Journalist Day
 World Sports Journalist Day is celebrated worldwide on July 2nd each year. Sports holds great significance in the
overall growth of individuals, serving as both a recreational pursuit and a potential career path.
 World Sports Journalist Day was instituted in 1994 by the International Sports Press Association (AIPS) to mark the
establishment of AIPS as an organization on July 2nd, coinciding with the Summer Olympics in Paris. Since its
inception, this day has been dedicated to recognizing the contributions and achievements of countless sports media
professionals.
International Plastic Bag Free Day
Source: The Quint
 International Plastic Bag Free Day is celebrated on July 3 every year. This day aims to raise awareness about the
harmful effects of plastic bags on our environment. It encourages people to stop using plastic bags and find eco-
friendly alternatives.
 Rezero, a member of Zero Waste Europe (ZWE), initiated the first International Plastic Bag Free Day on July 3, 2008.
The occasion was initially celebrated in Catalonia alone but gained wider recognition the following year when ZWE
introduced it to the European Union.

174
USA Independence Day
 Every year, US Independence Day is celebrated on July 4. This year, the Fourth of July falls on Thursday, It is a federal
holiday in the United States which commemorates the ratification of the Declaration of Independence by the Second
Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, establishing the United States of America.
NIC & Spices Board of India Signed MoU
 The National Informatics Centre (NIC) and the Spices Board of India have signed a Memorandum of Understanding
(MoU) to develop Artificial intelligence (AI) tools for detecting and classifying large cardamom diseases in Sikkim.
The project, spearheaded by NIC’s Centre of Excellence in AI in Kolkata, aims to analyze images of cardamom leaves
to identify diseases early. This initiative follows three months of discussions and marks a significant step in leveraging
AI for agricultural advancements in Sikkim.
World Kiswahili Language Day
Source:
 World Swahili Language Day (Swahili: Siku ya Kiswahili ya Umoja wa Mataifa) is observed annually on 7 July. This
began when UNESCO declared 7 July as Swahili Language Day in 2022.
 World Swahili Language Day marks the first United Nations designation of an African-originated language for a Official
languages of the United Nations § Language Days at the UN, the other language days were from the six (6) official
languages of the United Nations which are Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish.
World Population Day
 World Population Day is an annual event, observed on July 11 every year, which seeks to raise awareness of global
population issues. The event was established by the Governing Council of the United Nations Development
Programme in 1989.
 "Leave no one behind, count everyone" is the theme for World Population Day 2024. UN Secretary-General Antonio
Guterres commented, "This year's theme highlights the importance of investing in data collection to understand
issues, tailor solutions, and drive progress.
World Youth Skills Day
 In 2014, the United Nations General Assembly designated July 15th as World Youth Skills Day to highlight the need to
prepare young people for employment, fulfilling work and entrepreneurship, the theme for World Youth Skills Day
2024 is Youth Skills for Peace and Development.
ICAR Foundation and Technology Day 2024
 Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Foundation and Technology Day is observed on 16th July, .ICAR
originally established as the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, has been at the forefront of agricultural
research since its inception on July 16, 1929.

International Nelson Mandela Day

 International Nelson Mandela Day is an annual international day in honour of Nelson Mandela, celebrated each year
on 18 July, Mandela's birthday. The day was officially declared by the United Nations in November 2009, with the first
UN Mandela Day held on 18 July 2010, This year, the theme, "It's still in our hands to combat poverty and inequality,"
resonates deeply with Mandela's lifelong commitment to social justice.

International Moon Day

 The General Assembly declared International Moon Day, a United Nations-designated international day to be observed
annually on 20 July, in its resolution 76/76 on “International cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space” in 2021.
 International Moon Day marks the anniversary of the first landing by humans on the Moon as part of the Apollo 11
lunar mission in 1969.

National Mango Day

 National Mango Day is celebrated annually on July 22. In 2024, this falls on a Monday, providing a perfect start to the
week with a fruity celebration. Every year, National Mango Day is observed to celebrate the fruit known for its
exquisite taste and numerous health benefits. As we approach this special day, it’s important to understand its
significance, history, and the various ways we can commemorate this beloved fruit.

175
National Broadcasting Day: India
 National Broadcasting Day is observed on July 23 every year in India. The day aims to remind us about the impact of
radio on our lives. This day also marks the start of organised radio broadcasts in the country by All India Radio.
 On July 23, 1927, the India Broadcasting Company came into existence and became the first radio company in India.
However, the company faced liquidation in less than three years, soon after this, All India Radio (AIR) came into being
in April 1930 as the Indian Broadcasting Service. On June 8, it was rebranded as All India Radio.

Shiksha Saptah Celebrating 4 Years of NEP

 The Department of School Education and Literacy is observing Shiksha Saptah from July 22 to July 28, 2024, to
celebrate the fourth anniversary of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
 This week-long event focuses on promoting collaboration and highlighting the educational reforms introduced by NEP
2020.
National Thermal Engineer Day
 National Thermal Engineer Day is celebrated every year on July 24, In July of 2014, Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc.
(ATS) founded National Thermal Engineer Day to recognize the innovation and commitment of the motivated and
dedicated electronics and engineering industry. Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc.

National Income Tax Day

 India celebrates the Income Tax Day, or Aaykar Divas, every year on July 24. This day commemorates the historical
evolution of tax administration in India and the ongoing reforms that aim to enhance tax compliance and simplify the
process for taxpayers.
 On this day, Income tax was first levied as a duty in India in 1860. The department celebrated this day for the first
time in 2010 marking 150 years of the introduction of Income tax in India. This year marks the 165th occasion of
National Income Tax Day.

World Drowning Prevention Day

 World Drowning Prevention Day is a global event that is held annually on 25 July to remember lives lost due to
drowning and to increase knowledge on safety in and around water, The World Health Assembly marked this day as
the World Drowning Prevention Day to spread the awareness on drowning and devise various counteractions to
restrain it.

World Embryologist Day

 World Embryologist Day is celebrated annually on the 25th of July to mark the birth of the world's first test tube baby,
Louise Brown, in 1978, as a result of successful efforts by Dr Robert Geoffery Edwards, Dr Patrick Christopher Steptoe,
and Nurse Jean Marian Purdy.

OBITUARY
Bhupinder Singh Rawat, former Indian footballer passes away at 85
 The All India Football Federation condoled the death of former India winger Bhupinder Singh Rawat, who passed
away in Surat, Gujarat, on Saturday, June 29, 2024, after a brief illness. He was 85. Rawat is survived by his wife, one
son and one daughter.
 A speedy winger of the 1960s and 1970s, Rawat played for India in the 1969 Merdeka tournament in Malaysia.
Domestically, he played for Delhi Garrison, Gorkha Brigade and Mafatlal.

Robert Towne, Oscar-Winning Screenwriter of ‘Chinatown,’ Passes Away

 Robert Towne, a screenwriter whose mastery of dialogue and insightful storytelling helped define the New Hollywood
wave in the 1970s that included the Oscar-winning “Chinatown,” and who also built a reputation as a “script doctor”
to rescue troubled projects, died July 1 at his home in Los Angeles. He was 89.

Veteran Actor Smriti Biswas Dies Aged 100

 Veteran actor Smriti Biswas died on July 3 at the age of 100. The actor, best known for her work in Bengali, Hindi, and
Marathi films, breathed her last at her house in Nashik due to age-related illness. Social media too is flooded with
condolence posts for Smriti Biswas with many sharing pictures of the actor from her various films.

176
Padma Shri Awardee Kamala Pujari Passes Away at 74
 Kamala Pujari, the renowned Padma Shri awardee and pioneering organic farmer, passed away at the age of 74 due
to kidney-related ailments. She was being treated at SCB Medical College and Hospital in Cuttack but succumbed to
her condition early on Saturday, July 20.

RANKING
Global Liveability index 2024
 Global Liveability Index / Ranking is a yearly assessment published by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), ranking
172 global cities (previously 140) for their urban quality of life based on assessments of stability, healthcare, culture
and environment, education and infrastructure.
 Austria's capital, Vienna, is ranked the most liveable city once again in 2024, the city topped in 2023, and 2022 also.

IMF releases AI Preparedness Index tracks 174 economies, including India

 The International Monetary Fund (IMF) released an Artificial Intelligence Preparedness Index (AIPI) Dashboard on
their website on June 25, 2024, tracking 174 economies globally for AI readiness. The Index ranks India at the 72nd
position, with Bangladesh (0.38) at 113, Sri Lanka (0.43) at 92, and China (0.63) at 31, Singapore (0.80) topped the
overall index.

India ranks fifth in Generative AI (GenAI) innovations with 1,350 patents,

 India has filed 1,350 patents around this buzzing technology from 2014 to 2023 ranking fifth after China (38,210), US
(6,276), Republic of Korea (4,155), and Japan (3,409) when it comes to total number of GenAI inventions patented, as
per a new report by UN body World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).

India Ranks 6th at World's Most Affordable Country for Immigrants in 2024': Report
 Asian nations took six of the 10 spots on the list in 2024, dominating the list. India (6th) , along with Vietnam (1st),
Indonesia, The Philippines, and Thailand, ranked in the top 10 Southeast Asian countries in the Expat Insider 2024
survey, conducted by InterNations, drew participation from over 12,000 expatriates across 174 countries, offering a
comprehensive view of expat life worldwide. Key areas of assessment included quality of life, personal finance,
working abroad, and overall satisfaction levels.

Tata AIA Features in Top 10 Global Ranking with 2584 MDRT Qualified Advisors
 Tata AIA Life Insurance (Tata AIA), one of India's leading life insurance companies has secured #6 position in the
Global Million Dollar Round Table (MDRT) rankings for 2024. The Company achieved the largest number of MDRT-
qualified Life Insurance Advisors in India with 2584 registered MDRTs. With 1238 qualified Women MDRT Advisors,
the Company ranked #1 in India and #7 globally among companies with Female MDRT Members.

World’s Most Powerful Passports 2024: Singapore Leads; India at 82nd

 Singapore has reclaimed its title as the world’s most powerful passport, offering visa-free access to a record 195 global
destinations according to the Henley Passport Index. India ranks 82nd, allowing visa-free entry to 58 countries.

China, Australia, and India Lead in Forest Area Gains: FAO Report
 According to the report released by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), China led the world with the
maximum forest area gain of 1,937,000 hectares, followed by Australia with 4,46,000 hectares, and then India. Other
countries in the top 10 include Chile, Vietnam, Turkey, the United States, France, Italy and Romania.

SPORTS
David Warner Retires from International Cricket
 Australian legend David Warner announces retirement from international cricket after the team's T20 World Cup
2024 exit. One of the greatest batters of all time, David Warner's international career ended on a bitter note after
Australia failed to qualify for the T20 World Cup 2024 semi-finals, exiting in the Super 8 stage.

177
Shafali Verma creates history by scoring record breaking Double Century in Women’s Test Cricket
 Shafali Verma scored a record-breaking double century that propelled India to the highest-ever single-day total in
Test history during the one-off match against South Africa. Shafali's magnificent 205 off just 194 balls set the stage for
a day of cricket where numerous records were shattered.
 Shafali scored 205 runs off just 194 balls, Broke the record for fastest double century in women’s Test cricket, Previous
record was of Annabel Sutherland (Australia) in 248 balls.

India won the T20 World Cup 2024

 India has once again lifted the trophy at the T20 World Cup and emerged victorious against South Africa, They beat
South Africa by 7 runs in a nail-biting final in Barbados on June 29 (Saturday).
 Let's take a look at Awards Ceremony:
 Man of the match: Virat Kohli (IND)
 Man of the tournament: Jasprit Bumrah (IND)
 Most Runs in the tournament: Rahmanullah Gurbaz (AFG)
 Most wickets: Arshdeep Singh (IND), Fazalhaq Farooqi (AFG)
 In yesterday’s match, team captain Rohit Sharma and Virat Kohli announced their retirement from T20 cricket for
India.

Sneh Rana created history as she scalped eight wickets against South Africa
 In Women’s Cricket, Indian spinner Sneh Rana created history as she scalped eight wickets against South Africa on the
third day of the one-off Test match at the M A Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai. Rana’s exceptional spell, along with
Deepti Sharma’s two-wicket haul made the Proteas bowled out for 266 in 84.3 overs in their first innings. Sneh Rana
also became the third woman with an eight-fer in Test cricket.

Chris Silverwood Resigns as Sri Lanka’s Head Coach

 Former Sri Lankan head coach Chris Silverwood has resigned from his role of men’s team coach citing personal
reasons. In a statement, Silverwood said that he would want to spend quality time with his family and loved ones after
his hectic job as the coach.
 Silverwood took charge of the Sri Lankan team in April 2022 after moving ahead as the head coach of the England
men’s team. Under his coaching, Sri Lanka won 8 Tests, 26 ODIs and 18 T20Is.

GM Anand wins Leon Masters for the 10th time

 Five-time world champion Viswanathan Anand proved his mettle once again and defeated Spaniard Jaime Santos
Latasa 3-1 in the finals to win the Leon Masters for a 10th time.
 The format featured four players with his compatriot Arjun Erigaise, the world number four, as the fourth seed and
Bulgarian Veselin Topalov being the other two players in the tournament.

Mercedes driver George Russell wins 2024 Austrian GP

 On 30 June 2024 Mercedes George Russell’ a British driver won the 2024 Austrian Grand Prix (GP) officially known as
the Formula 1 Qatar Airways Austrian Grand Prix 2024, at the Red Bull Ring circuit in Spielberg – Austria.

India Finishes on Top at U23 Asian Wrestling Championship 2024

Source: News on AIR
 In wrestling, India finished on top at the Under 23 Asian Wrestling Championship 2024, in Amman, Jordan. The young
Indian grapplers clinched a total of eight medals in freestyle wrestling, including four gold, two silver and two bronze
medals.
 Abhimanyu in the 70 kg category, Jointy Kumar in 92 kg, Sahil Jaglan in 97 kg and Anirudh Kumar in the 125 kg
category bagged the gold medals. Rohit in 65 kg and Jaideep at 74 Kg contributed with silver medals, while bronze
medals were secured by Shubham in 57 kg and Amit in 79 kg. This is an all-time performance by the Indian contingent
at the prestigious event. Kazakhstan took second place while Kyrgyzstan won third.

Hardik, First Indian All-Rounder to be ranked No.1 in ICC T20I

 Hardik Pandya has become the first Indian all-rounder to be ranked No.1 in the International Cricket Council (ICC)
T20 Internationals (T20I). According to the ICC ranking released on 3 July 2024, Hardik Pandya was ranked No.1 along
with Sri Lanka captain Wanindu Hasaranga.

178
Kolkata, Kokrajhar, Jamshedpur & Shillong to host 133rd Durand Cup
 The 133rd edition of the Durand Cup will kick off on 27 July 2024. Asia’s and India’s oldest club-based football
tournament will end on 31 August 2024, The 133rd Durand Cup matches will be held in Kolkata, Kokrajhar (Assam),
Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), and Shillong (Meghalaya). With the final being played at the Vivekananda Yuba Bharati
Krirangan (Salt Lake Stadium) in Kolkata, West Bengal.

BPCL Partners with Indian Olympic Association as Principal Sponsor

 Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL), a 'Maharatna' and a Fortune Global 500 Company, has proudly
announced its partnership with the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) as the official principal partner for four years,
starting from Paris Olympics '24 through Los Angeles Olympics '28.

Lewis Hamilton Wins the British Grand Prix 2024

 Lewis Hamilton wins British Grand Prix for the ninth time, a race-long fight with Max Verstappen and Lando Norris at
a gripping, wet-dry British Grand Prix to take his first victory since December 2021, Mercedes team principal Toto
Wolff described the win as “a fairytale” for them and Hamilton, Norris’ team-mate Oscar Piastri, who was also in the
lead fight for the first half of the race, took fourth place ahead of Ferrari’s Carlos Sainz.

Sindhu to be female flag bearer for the Paris Olympics

 London Olympics bronze medallist shooter Gagan Narang replaced Mary Kom as India's Chef-de-Mission for the Paris
Olympics where ace shuttler PV Sindhu will be the female flag bearer during the opening ceremony.

Dhruv Sitwala Clinched the Asian Championship Title – Billiards

 In Billiards, Dhruv Sitwala clinched the Asian Championship title last night. Sitwala defeated Ace Indian cueist and
compatriot Pankaj Advani 5-2 in the final. With the loss, Pankaj fell short in his quest to secure a hat-trick of titles.

Asian Doubles Squash Championships: Abhay Singh Wins Men’s Doubles & Mixed Doubles Titles
 In the Asian Doubles Squash Championships today, India’s Abhay Singh won both the men’s doubles and mixed
doubles titles in Johor, Malaysia. Abhay was paired with Velavan Senthilkumar in the men’s doubles. He registered a
convincing 11-4, 11-5 win over Malaysia’s Ong Sai Hung and Syafiq Kamal in the final to clinch the title.
 Abhay combined with veteran Joshna Chinappa later to also clinch the mixed doubles title. The third-seeded Indians
toppled Hong Kong’s Tong Tsz Wing and Tang Ming Hong 11-8, 10-11, and 11-5 in the final.

ICC Player of the Month winner for June revealed

 After his stellar T20 World Cup 2024 campaign in which he claimed Player of the Tournament honours, Jasprit Bumrah
also claims the Men’s Player of the Month accolade for June.
 India’s Smriti Mandhana has won the ICC Women’s Player of the Month Award for June, beating out England’s Maia
Bouchier and Sri Lanka’s Vishmi Gunaratne for the accolade, the first of such in her international career.

Indian badminton players won both the men’s and women’s singles titles at the 3rd BWF Saint-Denis Reunion
Open 2024
 India’s Tasnim Mir won the women’s single title and Tharun Mannepalli won the men’s singles title at the 3rd BWF
Saint-Denis Reunion Open 2024. However, India had to settle for a silver in the men’s doubles. The Saint-Denis
Reunion Open 2024 was held from 3 to 7 July in Saint-Denis, the capital of the French overseas département of
Réunion in the Western Indian Ocean.

PUMA India launches OOH campaign for Paris 2024

 PUMA India announced a partnership with the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) as their Official Footwear Partner for
the Paris Olympics. This collaboration includes providing over 100 Indian athletes with PUMA’s top-tier footwear and
sports accessories. Additionally, PUMA has launched a major outdoor campaign named OOH to celebrate India’s
participation in the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Ben Stokes Joins Elite Club with 6,000 Runs & 200 Wickets in Tests
 England all-rounder Ben Stokes joined the ranks of cricket legends Garry Sobers of the West Indies and Jacques Kallis
of South Africa by becoming the third player, and the first from England to Join the Elite Club by scoring over 6,000
runs and taking 200 wickets in Test cricket.

179
James Anderson Retires from Test Cricket
 James Anderson, the veteran English speedster, has officially announced his retirement from Test cricket. The 41-
year-old bowler’s illustrious career, spanning an impressive 21 years, came to a close at the very ground where it all
began – the iconic Lord’s Cricket Ground in London.

Former pacer Jhulan Goswami joins Trinbago Knight Riders as mentor

 Former India pacer Jhulan Goswami has joined Trinbago Knight Riders (TKR) as a mentor ahead of the women's
Caribbean Premier League. She will be seen in the role of mentor to a team led by star all-rounder Deandra Dottin,
who captained TKR Women to the championship title in the inaugural season of WCPL in 2021.

Shooter Sabeera wins bronze in Shotgun Junior World Cup

 Sabeera Haris clinched a bronze medal in women's trap to open India's account in the ISSF Junior World Cup in
Porpetto, Italy.
 Sabeera shot 29 out of 40 targets in the final to finish behind Sofia Gori of Italy who won silver with 39 hits out of the
full quota of 50 targets

India-C beats Pakistan-C in WCL final

 India Champions beats Pakistan Champions by 5 wickets in the final of World Championship of Legends WCL 2024 in
Birmingham on Saturday (July 13). Chasing 157, India reached 159/5 in 19.1 overs, with Ambati Rayudu getting a
half-century, smacking 50 off just 30 balls.

Barbora Krejcíkova won the Women’s Singles Title: Wimbledon 2024

 Barbora Krejcikova of the Czech Republic defeated Jasmine Paolini of Italy 6-2, 2-6, 6-4 to win her maiden Wimbledon
women’s singles title London.

Spain Claims Historic Euro 2024 Title with 2-1 Victory over England
 Spain clinched an unprecedented fourth European Championship title with a thrilling 2-1 victory over England in the
Euro 2024 final at Berlin's Olympiastadion, This win cements Spain’s status as the most successful nation in the
tournament’s history and marks their third title in the last five editions.

Wimbledon 2024
 Wimbledon Championships 2024 was a Grand Slam tennis tournament, took place at the All England Lawn Tennis and
Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, England, comprising singles, doubles and mixed doubles play. Junior, wheelchair
and Invitational tournaments were also scheduled.
 Here is the complete winner’s list of Wimbledon 2024 =
 Men’s Singles - Carlos Alcaraz
 Women’s Singles - Barbora Krejčíková
 Men’s Doubles - Patten & Heliovaara
 Women’s Doubles - Taylor Townsend & Katerina Siniakova
 Mixed Doubles - Hsieh Su-Wei & Jan Zielinski

Argentina won Copa America title beating Colombia in final

 Argentina won their 16th Copa America Football title by defeating Colombia 1-0 in the final of the 48th Copa America,
played at the Hard Rock Stadium in Miami, the United States of America, on 15 July 2024 (Indian Time).
 The 48th Copa America was hosted by the United States of America from 21 June - to 15 July 2024, and 16 countries'
men’s football teams participated in it.

Indian Sand Artist Sudarshan Won Gold Medal in International Sand Sculpture Championship
 Renowned Indian sand artist Sudarsan Pattnaik won Golden sand master award with a gold medal at international
sand sculpture championship/festival, held at St. Petersburg (Russia).
 Twenty one World’s master sand sculptor participated in this championship held from July 4 to July 12 on the theme
“History, mythology and fairy tales”. Pattnaik,the only participant from India has created a 12 feet high sand Ratha (
chariot) of Mahaprabhu Jagannath with his devotee and poet Balaram Das.

180
Bhavtegh wins silver medal at Junior ISSF World Cup
 India’s Bhavtegh Singh Gill won the silver medal in the men’s skeet event at the final day of the ISSF Junior World Cup
in Porpetto, Italy.
 Bhavtegh, a silver winner at the Junior Asian Championships last year, shot 52 in the six-man final to finish behind
American Benjamin Keller, who shot 56 out of the 60 allotted clay targets, to grab the gold medal.

India Wins 4 Medals at the 35th International Biology Olympiad 2024

 The Indian team, which participated at the 35th International Biology Olympiad (IBO) 2024 achieved remarkable
success, with one student winning a GOLD medal and three students securing SILVER medals.
 Vedant Sakre from Mumbai, Maharashtra won a gold medal while Ishan Pednekar from Ratnagiri, Maharashtra,
Shrijith Sivakumar from Chennai, Tamil Nadu and Yashashwi Kumar from Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh bagged a silver
medal each.

J&K Fencers Shine at Commonwealth Championship in New Zealand

 Fencers from Jammu and Kashmir have brought pride to India by winning one silver and three bronze medals at the
Commonwealth Fencing Championship in New Zealand.
 Harshit Kohli earned a silver medal in the Sabre team event. Shreya Gupta secured a bronze in the Sabre individual
event. Chhavi Sharma won a bronze in the Sabre team event, and Sufyan Waheed Sohil also won a bronze in the Epee
team event.

Yuki Bhambri bags the 2024 Swiss Open Gstaad Tennis Doubles Title
 Indian tennis player Yuki Bhambri, in partnership with Albano Olivetti of France, has won the 2024 Swiss Open Gstaad
Men’s Doubles title. The Swiss Open Gstaad 2024 was held in Gstaad city, Switzerland, from 15 to 21 July 2024. It is
an ATP 250 event played on clay courts.

Oscar Piastri win his first Formula one title GP

 The Australian driver Oscar Piastri won his first Formula One title by winning the Hungarian Grand Prix on 21 July
2204. The Hungarian Grand Prix was held at Hungaroring racing track in the small Hungarian town of Mogyoród on
21 July 2024.
 Oscar Piastri of team McLaren finished first, and his teammate Lando Norris came second. Lewis Hamilton of Mercedes
came in third.

France Set To Host 2030 Winter Olympics

 The International Olympic Committee has chosen the French Alps to host the 2030 Olympic and Paralympic Winter
Games, but this decision is dependent on receiving a financial guarantee from the new French government.

SUMMIT’S & MOU’S

NFSU & Haryana Govt. Sign An MoU To Establish A Centre Of Excellence In Panchkula
 An MoU for setting up the Centre of Excellence for matters related to identified crime cases, was signed between
National Forensic Science University (NFSU) and Haryana Government at Panchkula, Haryana. The MoU was signed
in the presence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah, Union Urban Development, Housing and Energy Minister Manohar
Lal, Chief Minister Naib Singh and Haryana Assembly Speaker Gyan Chand Gupta.

Gujarat govt signes MoU with IBM to establish AI cluster in GIFT city
 The Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
with the technology company IBM to establish and promote an AI Cluster leveraging IBM's Watson to foster innovation
and collaboration among financial institutions in Gujarat International Finance Tec GIFT City.

MoD inks MoU to set up testing facilities in Unmanned Aerial System, Electronic Warfare & Electro Optics domains
in Tamil Nadu
Source: The Print
 Ministry of Defence (MoD) has signed an MoU to establish three state-of-the-art testing facilities in Chennai under the
Tamil Nadu Defence Industrial Corridor - one each in Unmanned Aerial System (UAS), Electronic Warfare (EW) and
Electro Optics (EO) domains.

181
 The MoU, under the Defence Testing Infrastructure Scheme (DTIS), was exchanged between senior officials of MoD
and Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation Limited in the presence of Defence Secretary Shri Giridhar
Aramane in New Delhi on July 02, 2024.

Global India AI Summit 2024 to be held In New Delhi

Source: News on AIR
 Minister of Electronics and IT Ashwini Vaishnaw will inaugurate the Global India AI Summit 2024 in New Delhi on
Wednesday (3rd July 2024). The two-day summit is to feature a diverse array of sessions designed to delve deep into
critical aspects of AI application, governance and for nurturing talent and scaling AI innovations.
 This summit marks a pivotal moment for India as it underscores its commitment to fostering responsible artificial
intelligence (AI) development on a global scale. The Ministry said that international delegates, AI experts, and
policymakers will participate in the summit. On the occasion, Minister of State for Electronics and IT Jitin Prasad, will
also be speaking at the inauguration.

Laos is set to Host the 57th ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Meeting

 Laos authorities have discussed preparations for the 57th Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Foreign
Ministers’ Meeting and related meetings, scheduled to take place in the Laos capital Vientiane from July 21 to 27.

Ministry of Rural Development and Convergence Energy Services Limited signs MoU to facilitate Green Mobility
for SHG Women
 The Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) signed an MoU with Convergence Energy Services Limited (CESL), a
wholly owned subsidy of EESL, to help facilitate “Sustainable Transport for Rural Entrepreneurs through Electric
Bicycles” (STREE) for Self Help Group (SHG) Women under Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods
Mission (DAY-NRLM). STREE intends to empower the rural economy, especially the rural women by providing them
access to green mobility through the introduction of electric bicycles.

IRS inks MoU with IIT Bombay to collaborate on developing ship trajectory prediction tool
 The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with
the Indian Register of Shipping (IRS) to develop a ship trajectory prediction tool aimed at improving maritime safety.

DPIIT signs MoU with NCAER for Development of Framework & Assessment of Logistics Cost in India
 The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce & Industry and National
Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in New Delhi for the
development of Framework & Assessment of Logistics Cost in India. The MoU was signed by Secretary and Operations
Director, NCAER, Dr. Anil Sharma and Joint Secretary, DPIIT, Dr S K Ahirwar; the occasion was graced by Secretary,
DPIIT, shri Rajesh Kumar Singh.

46th World Heritage Committee Meeting

Source:
 The first intervention under Project PARI is taking place in Delhi. It coincides with the 46th session of the World
Heritage Committee scheduled to be held in New Delhi, India between 21-31 July 2024, Project PARI aims at
stimulating dialogue, reflection, and inspiration, contributing to the dynamic cultural fabric of the nation.
 Project PARI (Public Art of India), an initiative by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India, being executed by Lalit
Kala Akademi and National Gallery of Modern Art seeks to bring forth public art that draws inspiration from millennia
of artistic heritage (lok kala/lok sanskriti) while incorporating modern themes and techniques.

Karnataka govt inks Rs 1,040 cr MoUs with DN Solutions and EMNI in South Korea
 The Karnataka government signed two Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) totalling Rs 1,040 crore with DN
Solutions and EMNI Co. Ltd in Seoul, South Korea,
 DN Solutions has committed an investment of Rs 1000 crore towards establishing machine manufacturing facilities, a
research and development center, and a technical support center for Indian manufacturing companies.
 EMNI Co. Ltd, represented by CEO Chang-hoon Koh, committed a Rs 40 crore investment in Karnataka for battery
technology advancements. The company has signed an MoU worth Rs 40 crore to invest in storing, testing, and
recycling LG Energy Solution's battery cells in Karnataka.

182
RVNL signed MoU with DMRC for participation in the upcoming projects in India and abroad
 RVNL has signed MoU with Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC) for participation in the upcoming projects
in India and abroad as Project Service Provider for Metro, Railways, High Speed Rail, Highways, Mega Bridges, Tunnels,
Institutional Buildings / Workshops or Depots, S&T works, and Railway Electrification.

CSIR and MSSRF Sign MoU for Rural Livelihood Generation

 The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF)
entered an MoU to work together for livelihood generation among rural, tribal, and farming communities, Under the
MoU, CSIR will transfer affordable and impactful technologies developed in its laboratories to MSSRF-selected groups,
including SHGs, NGOs, and FPOs.

8th Deputy National Security Adviser level meeting of the Colombo Security Conclave
 The 8th Deputy National Security Adviser (DNSA) level meeting of the Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) was hosted
virtually by Mauritius on 10 July 2024. India, Mauritius, Maldives and Sri Lanka welcomed Bangladesh as the fifth
Member State of the CSC. Seychelles participated as an Observer State.

2nd BIMSTEC Foreign Minister's Retreat

 2nd BIMSTEC Foreign Minister's Retreat is being held in New Delhi from 11-12 July 2024, External Affairs Minister
Dr. S. Jaishankar will host his counterparts for the BIMSTEC Foreign Minister's Retreat.
 The Retreat will present an opportunity for the Foreign Ministers of the BIMSTEC countries to discuss, in an informal
setting, avenues to broaden and deepen cooperation across various sectors including in the fields of security,
connectivity, trade and investment, people to people contacts etc, in the Bay of Bengal region and littoral.

India Leads Global Maritime Discourse at IMO Council Session in London

 A high-level Indian delegation, led by Shri T.K. Ramachandaran, Secretary, Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways,
is participating in the 132nd session of the Council of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in London.
 India, an elected member of the IMO Council in the category of countries with the largest interest in international
seaborne trade, emphasized the urgent issue of seafarer abandonment. The delegation pointed out that despite efforts,
there are currently 44 active cases involving 292 Indian seafarers. India’s strong stance on the need for effective
measures and oversight to resolve such issues was well received.

India to organize World Audio Visual & Entertainment Summit from 20th -24th November
 Union Minister of Information and Broadcasting, Shri Ashwani Vaishnaw announced that India will host World Audio
Visual and Entertainment Summit, a landmark event for the Media and Entertainment industry world over, in Goa,
from 20th to 24th November, The Minister made this announcement at a curtain raiser event in New Delhi along with
Chief Minister of Goa Shri Pramod Sawant and Union Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting Dr. L.
Murugan.

PNB Signs MoU with SAIL to offer loans

 Punjab National Bank (PNB), nation’s leading public sector bank, has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
with Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) for providing Home Loan, Car Loan and Education Loan to SAIL employees
at concessional rates and attractive features. This strategic partnership aims to enhance the financial well-being of
SAIL employees while expanding PNB’s customer base within the steel sector.

India to Host 2nd Asia Pacific Ministerial Conference on Civil Aviation

 India is set to host the second Asia Pacific ministerial conference on civil aviation on September 11 and 12, with
representatives from around 40 countries, including China and Pakistan.

India signed MoU with Marshall Islands for 4 CDPs

 India signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Marshall Islands for the implementation of four community
development projects (CDPs) in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, as part of New Delhi's outreach to Pacific Island
states.

India to Host 46th World Heritage Committee Meeting

 India will host the 46th World Heritage Committee Meeting from July 21 to 31 at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi. This
is the first time India is hosting this significant event, which will be inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

183
UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay and other high-level dignitaries, including Culture Ministers and
Ambassadors, will also attend.

Classical & Quantum Communications for 6G In Chennai

 Dr Neeraj Mittal, Secretary (Telecom) has inaugurated a centre of excellence on “Classical and Quantum
Communications for 6G” at IITM Research Park, Chennai.
 This is a sub-centre of Telecom Centres of Excellence (TCoE)-India and it will spearhead the development and
deployment of 6G technology, promising unprecedented speeds, ultra-low latency, and enhanced connectivity. Shri
Sanjeev Kumar Bidwai, Sp DGT, Tamil Nadu was among those.

BIS Signes MoU With IISc, Bengaluru To Promote Standardization

 The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Indian Institute of
Science (IISc), Bengaluru, for the establishment of the ‘BIS Standardization Chair Professor’ at the latter. This initiative
formalised on July 3, 2024, marks a significant step towards institutionalising BIS’s collaboration with leading
academic and research establishments across India.

NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd, Haryana Govt Sign MoU to Set Up Green Charcoal Plants
 A Memorandum of Understanding was signed between NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Limited and Gurugram and
Faridabad Municipal Corporations to set up plants to produce green charcoal from waste in Faridabad and Gurugram.

AAI Signed MoU with Rajasthan Government for Kota greenfield airport
 The Airports Authority of India (AAI), the Urban Development Department, the Government of Rajasthan, and the Civil
Aviation Department signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on July 19, 2024, for the development of the
Kota Greenfield airport in Rajasthan.

UPL University Signs MoU with ISRO for advance research in chemical sciences
 UPL University of Sustainable Technology, an initiative by UPL Group, and Space Application Centre (SAC) of the
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), signed Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to advance research and
innovation in chemical sciences.
 This collaboration is part of UPL’s broader strategy to enhance academic excellence and foster global recognition.

BANKING & ECONOMY

HDFC Bank launches digital investment platform SmartWealth
 HDFC Bank has launched a new digital investment platform to take wealth services to every Indian and make
investments simple and transparent.
 Incorporating cutting-edge technology, the HDFC Bank SmartWealth comes loaded with first-ever features that allow
investors to make the right investment decisions and plan their financial journey.
 It has been developed with first-time investors in mind, built with smart intelligence and has pioneering tools that
allow users to make the right investment decisions to plan their finances, Users can create SmartJars, which gives
users personalised portfolio plans that can be modified or paused anytime.

Punjab & Sind Bank signs pact with Indian Army for salary account
 State-owned Punjab & Sind Bank has signed an initial agreement with the Indian Army on defence salary package
which will come with a host of facilities, including free insurance cover.
 Besides many features, the agreement provides the serving personnel, veterans and trainees with personal accident
insurance (Death/Disability) cover up to Rs 1 crore and an air accidental cover of Rs 1.2 crore.

ADB, AHFL Sign $60 Million Deal to Expand Women’s Access to Housing Loans in India
 The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has signed a $60 million (in Indian rupee equivalent) nonconvertible debentures
financing agreement, $30 million of which is to help Aadhar Housing Finance Limited (AHFL) provide housing loans
to women and address the shortage of financing in the low-income and affordable housing segment in India.

World Bank Approves 1.5 billion Dollars Loan to Support India’s Low-Carbon Energy Sector

184
 The World Bank has approved a second round of 1.5 billion dollars in financing to help India accelerate the
development of low-carbon energy. The financing is extended to promote a market for green hydrogen, electrolysers,
and increased renewable energy penetration.
 Earlier, in June 2023, the World Bank approved the 1.5 billion dollars for the First Low-Carbon Energy Programmatic
Development Policy Operation. The fresh funding is expected to help India expand its green hydrogen production and
boost the mobilization of finance for low-carbon investments.

Union Bank of India Introduces “Union Premier” Branches for Rural & Semi-Urban Markets
 Union Bank of India has launched “Union Premier” branches tailored for high-value customers in rural and semi-urban
(RUSU) markets. These branches are designed to offer personalized banking services and a comprehensive range of
products under one roof.
 Each Union Premier branch features a dedicated Relationship Manager to cater to the specific banking needs of every
high-value customer, ensuring personalized attention and service excellence.

RBI and ASEAN countries to create platform for instantaneous cross-border payments
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is joining Project Nexus, a multilateral initiative led by the Bank for International
Settlements (BIS).
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is set to join forces with ASEAN countries to facilitate instantaneous cross-border
retail payments. This collaborative effort aims to interlink the Fast Payment Systems (FPS) of India and four ASEAN
nations, creating a multilateral platform that will revolutionise cross-border transactions.

SBI Launches MSME Sahaj: 15-Minute Online Loan Solution

 State Bank of India (SBI) has unveiled a web-based digital business loans solution for MSMEs' Invoice Financing, aimed
at facilitating MSME loans with a fast turn-around-time.
 The solution, named "MSME Sahaj - End to End Digital Invoice Financing", has been developed that will provide
solutions ranging from applying the loan, documentation and disbursement of the sanctioned loan within 15 minutes,
without any manual intervention.

ICICI Bank launches Sapphiro Forex Card for students

 Private sector lender ICICI Bank launched a pre-paid Sapphiro Forex Card, crafted specifically for students who are
going abroad for higher education.
 The card, powered by Visa, provides exclusive benefits and convenience to students and their parents to manage
education-related expenses abroad like admission fees, course-related fees and other day-to-day expenses, including
travel, dining and groceries, among others, the bank said in a statement.

Paytm Launches ‘Health Saathi’ Plan at ₹35 per Month

 One 97 Communications Limited (OCL) that owns the Paytm brand, has announced the launch of 'Paytm Health Saathi',
an exclusive health and income protection plan for its merchant partners, available on the ‘Paytm for Business’ app,
This initiative is part of Paytm's ongoing efforts to support its vast network of merchant partners by providing them
with affordable, comprehensive healthcare benefits.

NABARD partners with Online PSB Loans Ltd to digitalize Jan Suraksha Schemes
 National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) and Online PSB Loans Limited have signed an
agreement to promote financial inclusion through regional rural banks. The collaboration seeks to smoothen the
process of enrolment and claim settlement under the Jan Suraksha Schemes for all 43 Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)
onboarded on one platform through the Jan Suraksha Portal.

ENGIE Signs ₹14.6 Billion Loan with ADB for 400 MW Solar Project in Gujarat
 ENGIE group has signed a loan agreement with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for a 400 MW solar photovoltaic
power project in Surendranagar District, Gujarat.
 ADB was the lead arranger for the loan of ₹14.6 billion (~$175.9 million), with ADB and Asian Infrastructure
Investment Bank providing ₹7.3 billion (~$87.42 million) each, this is the second project that ADB has financed for
ENGIE in India, following the financing of the group’s main project in 2020.

185
LIC launches project 'Jeevan Samarth' to meet customers' evolving needs
 The Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) undertook an agency transformation project, 'Jeevan Samarth,' to meet
the evolving needs of customers.
 The life insurance giant has partnered with A T Kearney to undertake the transformation project by reviewing the
existing agency framework of LIC on an end-to-end basis.
 The project will review and revamp operations at all levels. CEO Siddhartha Mohanty emphasized aligning with
industry changes and providing insurance solutions.

RBI Penalizes Five Banks, Including PNB, For Regulatory Non-Compliance in First Week of July
Source:
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) penalized five banks, including Punjab National Bank (PNB), in the first week of July
for non-compliance with various RBI directions.
 PNB became the fifth bank to be penalized, with a penalty of Rs 1.31 crore. This penalty was imposed for non-
compliance with RBI directions regarding ‘Loans and Advances: Statutory and Other Restrictions’ and the ‘Reserve
Bank of India (Know Your Customer (KYC) Direction, 2016.’
 Before PNB, the RBI penalized four cooperative banks with various penalty amounts. These banks include The Gujarat
Rajya Karmachari Co-operative Bank, Gujarat; The Rohika Central Co-operative Bank, Madhubani, Bihar; The National
Co-operative Bank, Mumbai, Maharashtra; and The Bank Employees’ Co-operative Bank, West Bengal.

ICICI Lombard Introduces ‘Elevate’ an Industry First, AI Health Insurance Product

 ICICI Lombard, a leading private general insurer in India, proudly announces the launch of its revolutionary health
insurance product, ‘Elevate’. Powered with AI the first-of-its-kind health product is loaded with cutting-edge features
and add-ons, offering personalized solutions to meet the needs of dynamic lifestyle, unforeseen medical emergencies
and medical inflation.

PNB Launches 'Safety Ring' Feature to Combat Cyber Fraud

 Punjab National Bank Launches 'Safety Ring' Feature to Combat Cyber Fraud, 'Safety Ring' is an optional feature that
allows customers to set a daily transaction limit for term deposits (TDs) when closing them online or using them for
overdraft facilities. This limit helps protect the customers' accounts from fraud by restricting how much can be
withdrawn or used.

Federal Bank & Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance enter into bancassurance tie-up
 Federal Bank, a prominent private sector bank in India and Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance, one of India’s leading private
life insurers, has announced a strategic partnership. This strategic partnership will enable Federal Bank’s customers
to pursue their long-term life goals by accessing a wide range of value-packed, tailor-made life insurance plans from
Bajaj Allianz Life. With this alliance, Federal Bank’s customers can seamlessly access Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance’s
products, across the Bank’s extensive network in India.

ICICI Prudential MF launches India's first oil & gas ETF

 ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund has launched the ICICI Prudential Nifty Oil & Gas ETF, India's first exchange traded fund
(ETF) in the oil and gas sector. The scheme will track the Nifty Oil & Gas TRI, an index that reflects the performance of
listed sector companies.

Kotak Mahindra Mutual Fund Launches BSE PSU Index Fund

 Kotak Mahindra AMC has introduced the Kotak BSE PSU Index Fund, a passive equity scheme mirroring the BSE PSU
Index comprising 56 PSU stocks. This fund aims to capitalize on the strong momentum in public sector undertaking
(PSU) stocks, which have shown significant growth recently. Investors can participate in India’s economic trajectory
through a cost-effective investment vehicle managed systematically by the fund.

RBI eases LRS norms for investment via GIFT IFSC

 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on July 10 expanded the scope of remittances to International Financial Services
Centres (IFSCs) under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS) and allowed residents to open foreign currency
accounts in GIFT City.
 This means individuals can use their foreign currency accounts in Gift City to conduct a broader array of financial
activities that are allowed under LRS within the current limit of $250,000 per year.

186
World Bank's second $1.5 billion loan for India's green hydrogen policies
 The World Bank has extended a second $1.5 billion loan to India within a year, driven by confidence in the nation's
aggressive green hydrogen and low-carbon energy policies. The funding supports India's ambitions to scale up
renewable energy and establish a robust green hydrogen market.

REC bags $200m green loans from Deutsche Bank AG

 REC Limited has secured a green loan amounting to JPY31.96b ($200m) from Deutsche Bank AG, Gift City Branch
which will be used to fund eligible clean energy projects in India, The state-owned energy provider said this is the first
collaboration between an Indian government entity and Deutsche Bank AG, GIFT City branch. It also marks one of the
first Japanese Yen-denominated green loan transactions for Deutsche Bank AG, GIFT City.

NPCI and QNB signs pact to launch QR code-based UPI payments across Qatar
 NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL) has signed an agreement with Qatar-headquartered QNB to launch QR
code-based Unified Payments Interface (UPI) payments across the country, this announcement is of particular
significance considering that Indians rank as the second largest group of international visitors to Qatar.

Jio Financial Services Gets RBI Nod to Become Core Investment Company
 Jio Financial Services has received approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to transition from a Non-Banking
Financial Company (NBFC) to a Core Investment Company (CIC). Following this announcement, the company's shares
saw an increase of over 2% on the NSE.

SEBI slaps Rs 25 lakh fine on Monetary Solutions for violating market norms
 Capital markets regulator SEBI levied a fine of Rs 25 lakh on Monetary Solutions for flouting regulatory rules.
 The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) inspected Monetary Solutions (Proprietor Ankit Vyas), a Sebi-
registered individual investment adviser during September 19-23, 2022.

SBI launches Amrit Vrishti 444-Days Term Deposit With 7.25% Interest Rate
 SBI introduces "Amrit Vrishti," a term deposit scheme with 7.25% annual interest on 444-day deposits, effective from
July 15, 2024. Senior citizens receive an additional 0.50%. Available until March 31, 2025, customers can invest via
SBI branches, YONO, Yono Lite, and Internet Banking.

LIC Enters Into Tie-Up with IDFC First Bank under Corporate Agency Arrangement
 Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) has entered into a tie-up with IDFC First Bank Ltd under corporate agency
arrangement. This tie-up will facilitate more than 1 crore customers of IDFC First Bank to buy LIC policies online by
visiting the bank's website.

ADB sanctions $240.5 million loan for rooftop solar systems in India
 The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has sanctioned a $ 240,5 million loan to India to finance the expansion of the
solar rooftop system in India. This is expected to push the ambitious government to promote and develop the rooftop
solar system in the country and promote the renewable energy sector.

OVL Hikes Stake in Azerbaijani Oilfield with $60 Million Investment

 ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL), a subsidiary of ONGC, has acquired Norwegian firm Equinor’s stake in Azerbaijan’s
offshore Azeri Chirag Gunashli (ACG) oil field and an associated oil pipeline for $60 million. This increases OVL’s stake
in the oil field to 2.95% and in the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline to 3.097%.

IndusInd Bank Partners With Inspire Institute Of Sport

 IndusInd Bank has announced the launch of 'Wrestle for Glory' program, a CSR initiative of the Bank, continuing the
longstanding collaboration with the Inspire Institute of Sport (IIS), a high performance Olympic training facility
headquartered in Vijayanagar, Bellary.

BoB launches Generative AI-powered VRM

 Bank of Baroda (BoB) launched a range of digital and technology-led initiatives, including a Generative AI-powered
virtual relationship manager (VRM), and credit line on UPI for enhancing payments and banking experience for
customers, on it’s 117th foundation day.

187
1
NATIONAL
Moidams of Assam Added To UNESCO World Heritage List
 The Moidams, the 700-year-old mound-burial system of the Ahom dynasty in Assam, were officially included in the
UNESCO World Heritage List under the Cultural Property category. The decision was made during the 46th session of
the World Heritage Committee (WHC) currently taking place in Delhi.
India’s First Integrated Agri-Export Facility at Jawaharlal Nehru Port
 India's first integrated agri-export facility will come up at Jawaharlal Nehru Port, Mumbai. Shipping ministry has
approved a Rs 284 crore public-private partnership (PPP) project to revolutionise agri-logistics and reduce wastage.
Government setting up 7 PM MITRA Parks with world class infrastructure
 The Government has approved setting up of 7 (Seven) PM Mega Integrated Textile Region. Apparel (PM MITRA) Parks
in Greenfield/Brownfield sites (including a Greenfield project in Virudhanagar Tamil Nadu) with world class
infrastructure including plug and play facility with an outlay of Rs. 4,445 cr for a period of seven years upto 2027-28.
PM To Chair 9th Governing Council Meeting of NITI Aayog
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi will chair the 9th Governing Council Meeting of NITI Aayog at Rashtrapati Bhavan
Cultural Centre, New Delhi. The theme of this year's meeting is “Viksit Bharat@2047,” with a central focus on making
India a developed nation.
V.K. Singh Flags off Mumbai Kargil Soldierathon 2024
 Former Army Chief and Union Minister General V K Singh launched the Mumbai Kargil Soldierathon 2024 on Sunday,
July 28, at Military Station Colaba, marking the 25th anniversary of India’s victory in the Kargil War.
Goa CM launches 'Goem Vinamulya Vij Yevjan' to boost solar rooftop installation in state
 Chief Minister of Goa Pramod Sawant launched the 'Goem Vinamulya Vij Yevjan' in accordance with the PM Surya Ghar
Muft Bijli Yojana, and disbursed the State Subsidy to the beneficiaries in Goa. The PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana
aims to increase the share of solar rooftop capacity and empower residential households to generate their own
electricity. The scheme has an outlay of Rs 75,021 crore and is to be implemented till FY 2026-27.
DAE launches ODOS initiative for research access
 The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) has launched the One DAE One Subscription (ODOS) initiative to provide
access to national and international research papers and scientific journals to thousands of scientists, engineers, and
young students across the country.
Aditya Birla Group Launches Jewellery Brand Indriya
 Aditya Birla Group, another prominent business house of the country, has entered into the branded retail jewelery
business with the brand ‘Indriya’, The brand name ‘Indriya’ has its origins in Sanskrit, deeply rooted in India’s rich
cultural heritage. Indriya is an ode to the five senses. The name reflects the brand’s philosophy of creating jewellery
that awakens and delights all five senses,
Jia Rai: Youngest & fastest para-swimmer to cross the English channel
 16-year-old Jiya Rai of Mumbai became the youngest and the fastest para swimmer in the world to cross the English
Channel, She started her 34-kilometer swim from Abbot's Cliff in England on 28 July 2024 and reached her final
destination, Pointe de la Courte-Dune, in France on 29 July.
Indian Army Launches E-SeHAT Tele-Consultancy for Veterans
 The Ex-Servicemen Contributory Health Scheme (ECHS) has launched the Electronic Services e-Health Assistance and
Tele-consultation (E-SeHAT) module. The E-SeHAT Tele-consultancy would enable ECHS beneficiaries in obtaining
online Tele-consultation for medical treatment from their homes without visiting the ECHS Polyclinic.
BFI Sets Up the National Basketball Academy
 The Basketball Federation of India (BFI) has set up the National basketball academy in collaboration with Corvuss
American Academy in Mumbai. For a start, the Academy will run with 30 boys and 30 girls from the school. There will
be a nationwide hunt for talent to select 30 boys and 30 girls for the academy.

176
In a first, Periyar Tiger Reserve installs wind turbine in its forests for power generation
 Periyar Tiger Reserve in Thekkady has become the first in India to install a wind turbine for power generation. This
innovation will support real-time monitoring cameras and Wi-Fi connectivity,
 The PTR East Division, encompassing 17 forest sections, previously relied on solar power for wireless communication
and operational needs. However, the inefficiencies caused by the foggy climate and heavy rainfall often hindered the
effectiveness of solar panels.

Gujarat to establish GRIT think-tank on Niti Aayog model

 Gujarat Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel announced the creation of the Gujarat State Institution for Transformation
(GRIT), modelled after the NITI Aayog, to serve as a public policy think-tank for the state.
India and WHO Sign Landmark Agreement for Global Traditional Medicine Centre
 The Ministry of Ayush, Government of India and the World Health Organization signed a Donor Agreement during a
signing ceremony organized at WHO Headquarters in Geneva on 31st July, 2024. This agreement, which outlines the
financial terms for implementing the activities of the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre (GTMC) in Jamnagar,
Gujarat was signed by H.E Mr. Arindam Bagchi, Permanent Representative of India to the UN, Geneva and Dr. Bruce
Aylward, Assistant Director-General for Universal Health Coverage and Life Course on behalf of Ministry of Ayush and
WHO respectively.
Kashmir, 4th Indian city to receive World Craft City Certificate
 Kashmir City received the Certificate of World Craft City from the World Crafts Council International in a ceremony
held in Srinagar, capital of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, on 31 July 2024. The ceremony was attended
by Jammu and Kashmir Lieutenant Governor Manoj Sinha, Sa’ad Hani Al-Qaddumi, President of the World Crafts
Council, and other prominent Council personalities.
CEA Approves Hydro-Pumped Storage plant in Odisha and Karnataka
 Under the provisions of the Electricity Act 2003, any company intending to set up a hydro-generating station requires
the concurrence of the Central Electricity Authority. Using this power, the Central Electricity Authority has approved
the Sharavathy and Upper Indravati Hydro-Pumped Storage plants project of Odisha and Karnataka, respectively.
Construction of Tata’s Semiconductor Unit Begins in Assam
 Union Minister for Electronics and Information Technology Ashwini Vaishnaw said that the construction work for
Tata’s semiconductor unit at Morigaon in Assam has begun on Saturday. Sharing more details about the plant with
media in New Delhi, Mr Vaishnaw said that this unit will be set up with an investment of 27,000 crore rupees and will
generate 15 thousand direct and 11 to 13 thousand indirect jobs.
Two-day Akashvani Music Concert -2024 held in Delhi
 The Akashvani Music Concert -2024 was organised in New Delhi on Saturday. The two-day concert is being held at
Akashvani’s Rang Bhavan Auditorium. Renowned artist Pandit Rajendra Prasanna performed, captivating the
audience with his melodious flute while Pandit Jayateerth Mevundi enchanted with his baritone. Maestros such as
Pandit Vishwa Mohan Bhatt, Pandit Salil Bhatt, Pandit Sajan Mishra and Svaransh Mishra will perform tomorrow from
5:30 PM onwards.
HM Amit Shah to inaugurate E-Evidence & E-Summon Systems in Chandigarh
 In Chandigarh, Home Ministry Amit Shah will inaugurate the e-evidence, Nyay Setu, Nyay Shruti and e-summon
systems built to augment our criminal justice apparatus. He will also inaugurate the 24×7 water supply project under
the Smart City Mission in Manimajra.
VIRAASAT an exhibition to celebrate 10th National Handloom Day begins in New Delhi
 VIRAASAT a fortnight long exhibition dedicated to celebrating 10th National Handloom Day (Celebrated on 7th of
August every year), began at Handloom Haat in Janpath – New Delhi on Saturday, 3rd August, 2024. National
Handloom Development Corporation Ltd (NHDC) is organising the handloom expo under the aegis of the Ministry of
Textiles, Government of India which will conclude on 16th August, 2024.

177
Jharkhand announces Mukhyamantri Maiyaan Samman Yojana for women
 The Hemant Soren government in Jharkhand has launched the Mukhyamantri Maiyaan Samman Yojana to provide
financial assistance to eligible women in the state. Jharkhand Chief Minister Hemant Soren will officially launch the
scheme on 16 August 2024.
NCW launches Digital Shakti Centre to combat cyber crimes
 The Digital Shakti Center was officially inaugurated by Chairperson Rekha Sharma at NCW premises in New Delhi, The
National Commission for Women inaugurated the Digital Shakti Center to combat cyber-crimes against women.
IAF gives clearance to DRDO, BDL for Astra missile production
 The Indian Air Force has given its green signal for the production of 200 Astra mark-1 (Mk-1) missiles for its Su-30
MKI and the indigenously developed Light Combat Aircraft Tejas to the Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) in Hyderabad,
Telangana.
Haryana’s Groundbreaking MSP Policy
 On August 4, 2024, Haryana Chief Minister Nayab Singh Saini made a historic announcement that could reshape
agricultural policy in implement such a comprehensive MSP policy. India. The state government declared its intention
to purchase all crops at the Minimum Support Price (MSP), making Haryana the first state in the country to so.
Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya in collaboration with Airbus begins its first executive training program
 Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya in collaboration with Airbus has started its first executive training program for the
aviation sector in New Delhi. This three-day program, which began yesterday, will be focused on Safety Management
Systems for working professionals.
Indian Army conducts 'Parvat Prahaar' exercise in Ladakh
 The Indian Army has conducted a strategic military exercise, 'Parvat Prahaar', in Ladakh, focusing on high-altitude
warfare and operations, this exercise was aimed at maintaining the readiness and effectiveness of the Army in the
region, which is close to the India-China border.
DAY-NRLM Launches Million Designers, Billion Dreams with LEAP
 Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana–National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) announced the launch of the initiative
“Million Designers, Billion Dreams.” This innovative program aims to empower individuals across India with systems
design know-how to tackle complex societal challenges. Spearheaded by LEAP in collaboration with the DAY-NRLM.
LEAP is a catalyst organization that emerged from the multidisciplinary work developed in India by the Design
Laboratory at the Harvard T.H.
Punjab Help Centre Launched at IGI Airport to Assist NRIs
 Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann, unveiled a pioneering initiative for the Punjabi diaspora with the inauguration
of the ‘Punjab Help Centre’ at Terminal 3 of Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi. This makes Punjab the
first state in India to establish such a dedicated NRI Facilitation Centre, showcasing a robust commitment to
supporting its overseas community.
PM Modi Launched 109 high-yielding, climate-resilient, and biofortified crop varieties
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi released 109 high-yielding, climate-resilient, and biofortified crop varieties in New
Delhi on Sunday (August 11 2024). During the event, the Prime Minister also interacted with farmers and scientists.
The Prime Minister’s Office, in a statement, informed that the 109 varieties released include 61 crops, comprising 34
field crops and 27 horticultural crops.
Kai Group to invest Rs 17 cr to expand manufacturing facility in Rajasthan
 Kai Group, a Japan-based personal care product and kitchen equipment maker, said it will invest 300 million yen
(around Rs 17.17 crore) to expand production capacity of its manufacturing facility at Neemrana in Rajasthan.
 This latest investment is to increase the production capacity of women's razors by over 5 million units per year,
according to a statement issued by the group's local subsidiary Kai India.
Gujarat CM launches IACC's Centre of Excellence for MSME
 Gujarat Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel inaugurated Indo-American Chamber of Commerce's (IACC) Centre of
Excellence for MSME in the city, Ahmedabad.
 The Centre, the first ever by IACC in India, aims to upgrade and strengthen Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
(MSMEs) to effectively cater to the export markets, said the release.

178
SAMEER transfers technology for Sugar Content Measurement to private entities
 Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering & Research (SAMEER), a R&D Institute of MeitY, Government
of India, signed a Transfer of Technology (ToT) agreement for Microwave based insitu BRIX measurement system
with Toshniwal Hyvac Pvt. Ltd. and Sir Automation Industries to enable manufacturing of this system in large
numbers. The Technology Transfer took place in presence of Secretary, MeitY, Shri S Krishnan, in Mumbai.
Amazon India partners with Gentari for 10,000 EV fleet by 2025
 Amazon India has formed a strategic partnership with electric mobility firm Gentari for its EV deployment programme
as it targets a fleet of 10,000 electric vehicles for last-mile deliveries by 2025.
Government of Odisha partners with WFP for India's first 24/7 Grain ATM
 Government of Odisha and WFP launched India’s first around the clock grain dispensing machine, the 'Grain ATM,'
also known as 'Annapurti' (Hindi for fulfiller of food), in the state capital Bhubaneshwar. Odisha has become the first
state in India to provide access to the public distribution system beneficiaries 24 hours a day. The machine was
inaugurated by Krushna Chandra Patra, Minister of Food Supplies, Consumer Welfare, Science and Technology of the
Odisha Government, and Nozomi Hashimoto, Deputy Country Director for WFP in India.
Dr. Jitendra Singh Launches 'Amrit Gyan Kosh' and 'Faculty Development' Portals
 Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh launches ‘Amrit Gyan Kosh’ Portal and ‘Faculty Development portal’ at the Civil
Service Training Institutions Convention at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi, Dr. Jitendra Singh traced back the journey of
National Capacity Building Commission and Mission Karmayogi Bharat said, “It marks a paradigm shift in how we
approach civil service training and it also envisions a future-ready civil service rooted in Indian ethos, with a global
perspective.
Indian Navy approves Mazagon Dock to build 6 submarines with German collaboration
 In a major development, the Indian Navy has cleared the state-owned Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) to build six
submarines with the projected cost upto Rs 60,000 crore. The decision follows the completion of trials for submarines
under Project 75 India, according to defence sources.
DRDO Successfully Test Long Range Glide Bomb - GAURAV
 The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has carried out a successful maiden flight test of Long
Range Glide Bomb (LRGB), GAURAV from the Su-30 MK-I platform of the Indian Air Force. the test was conducted off
the coast of Odisha.
BHEL Wins 1,600 MW Thermal Power Project from DVC
 State-owned BHEL has secured a 1,600 MW project from Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC). The coal-based unit will
be set up in the Koderma district of Jharkhand on an EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) basis,
India adds three new Ramsar sites to wetlands network, bringing the total to 85
 Environment, Forest and Climate Change Minister Bhupendra Yadav, said India has added three more Ramsar sites to
the network, taking the tally to 85. Nanjarayan Bird Sanctuary and Kazhuveli Bird Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu and Tawa
Reservoir of Madhya Pradesh have been added to the list of India’s Ramsar sites
Tank T-55 installed in Gurudaspur as a mark of victory
 In Punjab, Independence Day is being celebrated with great enthusiasm today. On the eve of Independence Day, Indian
Army tank T-55 was installed at a memorial in Gurdaspur city to make the young generation aware of the valour of
the Indian Army.
Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan to launch National Pest Surveillance System
 Union Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan launched the National Pest Surveillance
System on the occasion of Independence Day in New Delhi. This digital initiative by the Department of Agriculture and
Farmers’ Welfare utilizes cutting-edge technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to offer timely
and precise pest management advisories.

179
Himachal Pradesh’s Government unveils HIM-UNNATI scheme
 Aimed at promoting natural farming across Himachal Pradesh the state government has unveiled a new initiative, the
HIM-UNNATI scheme, with an allocation of Rs 150 crore, This initiative aims to encourage chemical-free farming and
foster agricultural entrepreneurship in the state” said the Chief Minister, The HIM-UNNATI scheme represents the
third phase of the Rajiv Gandhi Start-up Yojana.
PB & BCL sign landmark deal to promote cricket
 The Big Cricket League (BCL), a franchise-based T20 event that will offer aspiring local players a chance to play
alongside their cricketing heroes, has joined hands with the national broadcaster Prasar Bharati in a landmark long-
term deal. The inaugural edition of BCL will be held in September this year in Lucknow.

Govt to launch 'Kisan Ki Baat' to bridge farm-Science gap

 The Indian government is launching 'Kisan Ki Baat,' a new monthly radio program aimed at modernizing agriculture
by providing farmers with essential scientific knowledge. Announced by Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh
Chouhan, the initiative features experts and aims to address agricultural challenges.
Prithvi Subba Gurung Inaugurates RSS Media Museum
 Minister for Communications and Information Technology, Prithvi Subba Gurung inaugurated the RSS Media Museum
established at the Central Office of Rastriya Samachar Samiti (RSS).
Centre launches new decision support system for agriculture sector
 The Union government launched a unique digital geospatial platform called Krishi-Decision Support System (Krishi-
DSS) that provides seamless access to comprehensive all-India data, including satellite images of farms, weather
information, water reservoir storage, groundwater levels, and soil health information, from anywhere at any time.
Dr. Virendra Kumar inaugurates the 17th Divya Kala Mela in Raipur
 Dr Virendra Kumar, Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India, inaugurated the 17th Divya
Kala Mela in Raipur, the capital of Chhattisgarh, on 17 August 2024. Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Vishnu Deo Sai was
also present on the occasion.
UP announces Mukhyamantri Yuva Udyam Vikas Yojana
 Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath announced the ‘Mukhyamantri Yuva Udyam Vikas Abhiyan Yojana’ to
boost employment opportunities for the state's youth. The yojana was announced on 15 August 2024, on the occasion
of the 78th Independence Day celebration in the state capital, Lucknow.
Rajnath Singh inaugurates Regional Marine Pollution Response Centre at ICG headquarter
 Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated the Regional Marine Pollution Response Centre at ICG Regional
headquarters in Chennai, The Regional Marine Response Centre will facilitate coordination among countries within a
region, ensuring a unified approach to oil spill response. It can mobilise a more effective response to oil spills and
provide access to specialised equipment, trained personnel, and technological innovations that may be beyond the
capabilities of individual countries.
Sarbananda Sonowal launches SOP for Green Tug Transition Program
 The Union Minister of Port Shipping and Waterways, Shri Sarbananda Sonowal officially launched the SOP for Green
Tug Transition Program (GTTP) in New Delhi. This landmark initiative is set to drive the transition from conventional
fuel-based harbour tugs to greener, more sustainable alternatives, marking a major step in India's commitment to
environmental sustainability and the advancement of its maritime sector.
Andhra CM Inaugurates Projects and Deals worth Rs 3,683 Crore at Sri City
 Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu inaugurated 16 industrial projects in Sri City and signed deals
worth Rs 3,683 crore. These new ventures are anticipated to generate over 15,000 jobs, underscoring the State’s
commitment to accelerating industrial growth through enhanced efficiency.
CM Sukhu launches 'Mukhyamantri Bal Paushtik Aahar Yojana' in HP
 Himachal Pradesh Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu launched 'Mukhyamantri Bal Paushtik Aahar Yojana' to
provide nutritious foods to schoolchildren and a scheme to provide free Tablets to primary school teachers to boost
digitalisation in the state educational and administrative system. The scheme was launched by the chief minister
Sukhu in Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, on 17 August 2024.

180
India’s First Constitution Museum
 India’s first Constitution Museum, named “The Constitution Academy and The Rights & Freedoms Museum,” is set to
be inaugurated by OP Jindal Global University on November 26, 2024. This initiative celebrates the 75th anniversary
of the adoption of the Indian Constitution.
Udaan to Partner with Govt and SIDBI to Revamp Fair Price Shops into Jan Poshan Kendras
 Udaan, India’s e-B2B (business to business) platform, has announced a strategic partnership with the Ministry of
Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, and the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) to
transform Fair Price Shops (FPSs) into ‘Jan Poshan Kendras (JPK)’.
M1xchange launches international trade financing platform for MSMEs at GIFT City
 M1xchange, a digital invoice discounting platform for MSMEs, has set up an international platform —M1NXT ITFS—
in GIFT City to enable Indian MSMEs avail global factoring services. This international trade financing services (ITFS)
platform would bring global liquidity to MSMEs and benefit the ecosystem.
South Indian Adivasi Knowledge Centre to be launched in B.R. Hills
 Kaanu, a South Indian Adivasi Knowledge Centre, will be launched at the Tribal Health Resource Centre (THRC) at BR
Hills, Karnataka on Sunday, August 25, this new centre, Kaanu, which means evergreen forest, aims to be the first ever
knowledge centre on South Indian Adivasi past, present and culture.
Odisha CM Mohan Majhi announces Subhadra scheme for women
 Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Majhi has unveiled the Subhadra scheme, this scheme promises ₹50,000 to one crore
women aged 21 to 60 over the next five years, with a total budget allocation of ₹55,825 crore. The funds will be
disbursed in annual installments of ₹10,000, divided into two payments of ₹5,000 each on Rakhi Purnima and
International Women’s Day.
Postal Dept launches Deen Dayal SPARSH Yojana to encourage Philately
 The Department of Post under the Union Ministry of Communication has launched the Deen Dayal SPARSH Yojana to
promote research and scholarship in stamps amongst the country's students.
 Announcing the Yojana, the Postmaster General of North Gujarat Region, Ahmedabad, Krishna Kumar Yadav, said that
this scholarship aims to inculcate the hobby of Philately among the children from a young age.
NCERT and Education Ministry launches e-magazine, Sapno ki Udaan
 The Union Ministry of Education released the inaugural edition of the e-magazine ‘Sapno ki Udaan’ The e-magazine
was launched on the occasion of the first National Space Day, which was observed across the country on 23 August to
commemorate the soft landing of the Vikram lander of the Chandrayaan -3 mission on the south pole of the Moon on
23 August 2023.
GAIL and Petron to Establish 500 KTA Bio-Ethylene Plant in India
 GAIL (India) Limited and Petron Scientech Inc signed a Memorandum of Understanding to explore setting up a 500
KTA bio-ethylene plant in India. The proposed project, based on bio-ethanol, would be a 50:50 joint venture. The
companies will conduct feasibility studies to assess technical viability and financial prospects before seeking
investment approval from their respective managements.
National Medical Register Portal Launched to Streamline Doctor Registration in India
 Union Health Minister J.P. Nadda launched the National Medical Register Portal in New Delhi for the registration of all
MBBS doctors eligible for registration in India. Speaking on the occasion, Mr. Nadda said that the portal will be a
comprehensive and dynamic database for all allopathic (MBBS) registered doctors in the country.
GPCB launches innovative campaign to achieve plastic free state
 The Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) has launched an innovative campaign to curb plastic pollution and achieve
a plastic-free state, GPCB has installed cloth bag vending machines-similar to ATMs-at all the prominent temples
across the state providing devotees with easy access to reusable cloth bags.

181
INTERNATIONAL
India and United States of America sign the first ever Cultural Property Agreement
 The Government of India and the Government of the United States of America signed the first ever 'Cultural Property
Agreement' to prevent and curb the illicit trafficking of antiquities from India to the USA, on the sidelines of the 46th
World Heritage Committee, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
 The agreement was signed by Shri Govind Mohan, Secretary, Ministry of Culture and H.E. Eric Garcetti, Ambassador
of the United States of America to India in the august presence of Union Minister of Culture and Tourism, Shri Gajendra
Singh Shekhawat.
India UK launches Tech Security Initiative
 India and the United Kingdom have launched a new technology security initiative to deepen defence collaboration and
boost economic ties between the two countries. The initiative was launched during the visit of the United Kingdom's
Foreign Secretary David Lammy’s visit to India.
EAM Jaishankar Mahatma Gandhi's bust in Tokyo
 A bust of Mahatma Gandhi was unveiled in Tokyo's Edogawa ward by external affairs minister S Jaishankar, who
described the father of the nation as a global icon whose achievements have far outlived his own times. Edogawa ward
includes the Nishi-Kasai district, which is home to some 3,000 Indians.
USAID and Takeda Biopharma launch dengue prevention programme across India
 The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and Takeda Biopharmaceuticals India announced
the launch of a dengue prevention campaign titled ‘Haarega Dengue, Haraenge Hum’ across India.
 The campaign aims to educate schoolchildren and communities across Maharashtra, Odisha, and Uttar Pradesh about
how their actions can help prevent dengue and encourage people to adopt habits that can reduce the spread of vector-
borne diseases.
EAM Jaishankar unveils world's first postal stamp featuring Ram Lalla in Laos
 During his visit to Laos, External Affairs Minister Dr S Jaishankar along with his Laotian counterpart unveiled a postage
stamp set featuring Ram Lalla, the deity of Ayodhya's Ram Janmabhoomi Temple. The latest stamp set is the first in
the world to feature Ram Lalla. The stamp set includes two stamps, one of Ram Lalla and the other of Lord Buddha of
Luang Prabang, the ancient capital of Laos.
3 Indian attractions in Time list of World’s 100 greatest places to visit
 Naar restaurant in Kasauli, Manam Chocolate factory in Hyderabad and Museum of Solutions in Mumbai are the three
attractions from India that feature in Time magazine’s list of the World’s 100 greatest places to visit in 2024.
Venezuela’s Nicolas Maduro wins third term as President
 Venezuela's Nicolas Maduro won re-election with 51.2 per cent of votes cast the electoral council announced, after a
campaign tainted by claims of opposition intimidation and fears of fraud.
 Elvis Amoroso, president of the National Electoral Council, told reporters that 44.2 per cent of votes had gone to
opposition candidate Edmundo Gonzalez Urrutia who had been leading in polls.
India to host first multinational air exercise - Tarang Shakti 2024
 India is set to host its first multinational air exercise, ‘Tarang Shakti 2024’, in two phases starting on August 6th in
Sular, Tamil Nadu. Around 30 countries will participate, with ten countries bringing their fighter aircraft. The exercise
aims to showcase India’s defence capabilities and enhance cooperation among the participating militaries.
India and Vietnam Team Up to Preserve Maritime History with NMHC in Lothal, Gujarat
 India and Vietnam, two nations with a rich and intertwined maritime history, are joining forces to develop the National
Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC) in Lothal, Gujarat. This partnership, rooted in centuries-old maritime
connections, highlights the enduring bond between the two countries and their commitment to preserving and
celebrating their shared heritage.

182
ITBP to Get Russian KAMAZ Typhoon Vehicle for LAC
 The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) has successfully conducted a demonstration and trial of the formidable
Typhoon vehicle at its Transport Battalion in Chandigarh, The event was attended by officials from Vehicle Factory
Jabalpur, it marks an important step in upgrading the force’s vehicles.
Australia Announces Maitri Grants For Research & Cultural Collaboration with India
 Australian government has unveiled the Maitri Research and Cultural Partnerships Grants. These grants, aimed at
fostering Australia-India collaboration, encompass sustainable manufacturing, energy transition research, and artistic
projects. Minister Penny Wong praised the initiatives for strengthening bilateral ties, emphasizing the importance of
human connections in the relationship.
Muhammad Yunus, Bangladesh’s new interim Prime Minister
 The Nobel Peace laureate tapped to lead an interim government in Bangladesh called for calm and boarded a flight on
Wednesday ( August 7) to return home, a day before his new government is expected to be sworn in to replace ousted
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. Muhammad Yunus, 84, was picked by President Mohammed Shahabuddin to lead the
new interim government.
India New Zealand Sign Bilateral Custom Cooperation Agreement
 To ease bilateral trade, India and New Zealand signed a bilateral Customs Cooperation Arrangement agreement. The
agreement was signed in Wellington on 8 August 2024 during President Droupadi Murmu's two-day official visit to
New Zealand.
 President Murmu is visiting three nations: Fiji, New Zealand, and Timor Leste. On her first leg of the visit, she visited
Fiji, and on her second leg, she visited New Zealand on 8 and 9 August.
Exercise Udara Shakti 2024 held at Malaysia
 After successful participation in Exercise Udara Shakti 2024 at Malaysia, the Indian Air Force (IAF) contingent
returned to India, on 10 Aug 24. The joint air exercise was conducted in collaboration with the Royal Malaysian Air
Force (RMAF) from 05 to 09 August 2024 at Kuantan, Malaysia. The IAF participated with Su-30MKI fighter jets.
10th bilateral Mitra Shakti Military Exercise Commences in Sri Lanka
 The annual bilateral Mitra Shakti military exercise between the Indian Army and the Sri Lankan Army commenced in
the Sri Lankan Army Training School, Maduru Oya, on 12 August 2024. The week-long exercise, which runs from 12
to 25 August, is an annual Combined Training Exercise of the two countries' Forces.
India and USA join hands to promote cooperation in MSMEs
 India and the U.S. signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) aimed at enabling Micro, Small, and Medium
Enterprises (MSMEs) from both countries to participate more effectively in global markets and foster trade.
 It envisages the exchange of expertise between the two sides on issues related to improving MSME participation in
the global marketplace through mutual visits as well as webinars and workshops on topics including access to trade
and export finance, technology and digital trade; green economy, and trade facilitation.
Paetongtarn Shinawatra Elected Thailand’s new Prime Minister
 Thailand’s Parliament on August 16, elected Paetongtarn Shinawatra as their youngest Prime Minister, days after her
father Thaksin Shinawatra was removed by a court order, Paetongtarn, 37, is the youngest child of billionaire Thaksin,
75, founder of the Pheu Thai party, with which Srettha was also affiliated.
 Paetongtarn was elected easily as her party and its allies hold 314 out of 493 seats in parliament, and she required the
vote of at least half of the current legislators to become prime minister.
Germany Joins United Nations Command in South Korea
 Germany joined the U.S.-led United Nations Command (UNC) in South Korea becoming the 18th nation in a group that
helps police the heavily fortified border with North Korea and has committed to defend the South in the event of a
war.
UAE joins BRICS partners for launch of Centre for Industrial Competences
 The UAE Ministry of Industry and Advanced Technology joined its BRICS counterparts on the launch of a Centre for
Industrial Competences in cooperation with the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) to
support the development of Industrial skills and capabilities.

183
 The declaration was made at the 8th BRICS Industry Ministers Meeting, bringing industry, trade and technology
ministries together from the UAE, Russia, Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iran, and South Africa. The meeting,
chaired by Russia, takes place under the theme of "strengthening multilateralism for equitable global development
and security".
CAG inks pact with top audit institution of Uzbekistan
 The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the
supreme audit institution of Uzbekistan in Tashkent, The agreement with the Chamber of Accounts of Uzbekistan aims
to enhance collaboration and exchange expertise in auditing.
Nepal to Export Nearly 1000 MW Electricity to India
 Nepal will export close to 1,000 MW of electricity to India, strengthening energy cooperation between the two nations,
following productive talks between External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and Nepal's Foreign Minister Arzu Rana
Deuba.
India-Malaysia decide to elevate their Enhanced Strategic partnership to Comprehensive Strategic Partnership
 India and Malaysia have signed agreements in the fields of labour and employment, Ayurveda and traditional
medicines, digital technologies, culture, tourism and cooperation in youth and sports. The two countries also inked
agreements in the area of public administration in governance reforms and mutual cooperation. The agreements were
signed after the delegation level talks held between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Malaysian counterpart
Dato’ Seri Anwar bin Ibrahim in New Delhi.
India & Sri Lanka Signs agreement for LNG Infrastructure Development
 A Memorandum of Understanding was signed between Indian company ‘Petronet LNG limited’ and a Sri Lanka based
private company for infrastructure development and supply of Liquified Natural Gas in Colombo. Sri Lanka’s Minister
for Power and Energy Kanchana Wijesekara and Deputy High Commissioner of India Dr. Satyanjal Pandey witnessed
the signing of the MoU.
US and South Korea begins military drills aimed at strengthening their defense against North Korea
 U.S. and South Korean troops kicked off a large-scale exercise - Ulchi Freedom Shield Exercise, aimed at strengthening
their combined defense capabilities against nuclear-armed North Korea, which again accused the allies of practicing
an invasion.
 The Ulchi Freedom Shield drills, which continue for 11 days, through Aug. 29, include both computer-simulated war
games and more than 40 kinds of field exercises, including live-fire drills.
Indo-Danish collaborative effort for river rejuvenation
 In a significant step towards sustainable river management, the Smart Laboratory on Clean Rivers (SLCR) project was
unveiled at IIT-BHU Varanasi, with an initial funding of Rs 16.8 crore from the Jal Shakti Ministry and an additional Rs
5 crore from Denmark.
 The initiative is a result of the strategic alliance between IIT-BHU, the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), and
the govt of Denmark. The SLCR project aims to rejuvenate the river Varuna using sustainable approaches, leveraging
the expertise of both India and Denmark.
Sri Lanka announces visa-free access to India and 34 other nations from October 1
 Sri Lanka has decided to provide free visa access to 35 countries including India from October 1, Some of the major
names include the United States, the United Kingdom, China, Israel, New Zealand, Nepal, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand,
Japan and Australia. Sri Lankan Foreign Minister, Ali Sabry appreciated the development and called it the first step
towards a visa-free regime.
DARPG - Government of India & Government of Malaysia signed MoU
 The Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG), Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances
and Pensions, Government of India and Public Service Department, Prime Minister’s Department, Government of
Malaysia signed MoU on ‘Co-operation in the field of Public Administration and Governance Reforms’ for a period of
five (05) years w.e.f. 20th August, 2024.
Agreement signed for export of green ammonia from India to Japan
 The Union Minister of New and Renewable Energy, Shri Pralhad Joshi, chaired the signing ceremony of the first-ever
agreement for the export of Green Ammonia from India to Japan, known as the Heads of Terms (HoT) agreement. The

184
project offtake agreement, marks a significant step forward in India’s journey to becoming a global leader in green
hydrogen and ammonia production.
 The signing ceremony for heads of terms (HoT) for the cross-border green ammonia supply from India to Japan was
also graced by H.E. Mr Simon Wong, High Commissioner of the Republic of Singapore to India; Mr Yuta Hikichi, First
Secretary, Embassy of Japan in India; Mr Ajay Yadav,JS,MNRE ; and Mr Vipul Tuli, Chairman – South Asia & CEO –
Hydrogen Business, Sembcorp Industries.
India and Ukraine sign agreements in agriculture, medicine, and cultural cooperation
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy have formalized several agreements
during Modi’s visit to Kyiv, focusing on agriculture, medical products regulation, and cultural cooperation. The leaders
oversaw the signing of four key documents that are set to enhance bilateral relations in these areas.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

OpenAI Launches SearchGPT, A New Era In AI-Powered Search
 OpenAI, the company behind the revolutionary ChatGPT, is selectively rolling out SearchGPT, an artificial intelligence-
powered search engine with real time access to the information from the internet, this initiative represents a
significant challenge to Google’s dominance in the $200 billion search market and marks a new chapter in the ongoing
AI revolution.
Shri Bhupender Yadav launches Ideas4LiFE portal
 Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Shri Bhupender Yadav launched Ideas4LiFE portal for
inviting ideas related to products and services, which induce behavioral changes related to environment-friendly
lifestyles in the presence of Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Shri Kirti Vardhan Singh at
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.
SEBI Launches AI Chatbot 'SEVA'
 Markets regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India launched a chatbot, Sebi’s Virtual Assistant (SEVA) an
Artificial Intelligence (AI) based conversation platform, for investors, the chatbot is presently enabled to answer
questions relating to general information on the securities market, the latest master circulars, grievance redressal
process, etc.
Single National Software Network for PACS Computerization
 Government of India is implementing the Project for Computerization of functional PACS with a total financial outlay
of ₹2,516 Crore, which entails bringing all the functional PACS onto an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) based
common national software, linking them with NABARD through State Cooperative Banks (StCBs) and District Central
Cooperative Banks (DCCBs). The National Level Common Software for the project has been developed by NABARD
and 25,904 PACS have been onboarded on ERP software in 27 States/ UTs as on 21.07.2024.
Dharmendra Pradhan launches NATS 2.0 portal
 Union Education Minister, Dharmendra Pradhan, has launched the National Apprenticeship and Training Scheme
(NATS) 2.0 Portal in New Delhi. As part of this initiative, Rs100 crore in stipends has been disbursed to young
graduates and diploma holders through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT).
NIT-C Launches ‘Nivahika’ Web Portal for Data Management
 The National Institute of Technology-Calicut (NIT-C) has launched ‘Nivahika’, a cutting-edge web portal, that is
expected to revolutionise how the institute handles and reports data, Inaugurated by Prof. Prasad Krishna, Director
of NITC, in a ceremony at the Senate Hall, the portal is set to transform how the Institute handles and reports data.
IIT-Indore with DRDO develops shoes with GPS for the army
 Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore with Defence Research and Development Organisation has developed real-
time tracking shoes, In addition to generating electricity, the shoes are equipped with sophisticated GPS and Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID) technology with a 50-metre range and a satellite-based GPS module that can help
with precise live location tracking of military personnel.

185
ISRO to launch Remote Sensing EOS 8 Satellite on 55th Foundation Day
 The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) will launch its Earth Observation Satellite-08 (EOS-08) on 15 August
2024, its 55th foundation day. ISRO was formed on 15 August 1969 as the premier space agency of the government of
India.
Union Jal Shakti Ministry launches Flood Watch India 2.0 App
 In order to improve flood forecasting and flood management systems in the country, the government of India has
launched an improved Flood Watch India 2.0 App. The Flood Watch India app 2.0 provides real-time information on
flood situations to users across the country through a smartphone. The Flood Watch India app 2.0 is an upgraded
version of the Flood Watch India App launched in August 2023.
Google Expands ‘AI Overviews’ Feature to India & Five Other Countries
 Tech giant Google announced to bring its ‘AI Overviews’ feature to six new countries, including India. In India, the
company is rolling out the ‘AI Overviews’ in English and Hindi and are also introducing popular country-first features
that were well-received during its Search Labs experiment. The six new countries are India, United Kingdom, Japan,
Indonesia, Mexico and Brazil, along with local language support in each country.
ISRO launched its latest earth observation satellite, SSLV D3
 The third developmental flight of SSLV launched on Friday (August 16) at 09.17 A.M from the Sathish Dhawan Space
Centre, Sriharikota. This flight completes the SSLV development project and enables operational missions by Indian
Industry and NSIL
BIS Launches Hackathon to Promote Awareness of Indian Standards through Online Activities
 The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has launched a Hackathon for students across institutes that have signed a
Memorandum of Understanding with it. The aim of this hackathon is to cultivate interest, enhance knowledge, and
raise awareness about Indian Standards and their crucial role in ensuring quality and safety for the general public and
other BIS stakeholders.
 Under this event, the participants are tasked with designing and developing a platform for online activities and games
focused on Indian Standards. All entries must be submitted by the 23rd of this month.
Manohar Lal Khattar Launches Three Online Platforms for Power Sector
 Union Minister of Power Manohar Lal Khattar has launched three online platforms to enhance the efficiency,
transparency, and effectiveness of power sector in New Delhi. The portals are named as Portal for Online Monitoring
of Projects – Thermal (PROMPT), Disaster Resilient Infrastructure for Power Sector (DRIPS) and JAL VIDYUT DPR.
Airtel Payments Bank introduces AI-powered facial recognition
 Airtel Payments Bank announced the launch of Face Match, a new security feature that makes use of AI to enhance
account security. The feature uses advanced machine learning algorithms to assess potential threats and activate facial
recognition verification when necessary.
India launches its first reusable hybrid rocket RHUMI-1
 India achieved a significant milestone in its space journey with the launch of its first reusable hybrid rocket, RHUMI-
1. Developed by Tamil Nadu-based startup Space Zone India in collaboration with Martin Group, the rocket lifted off
from Thiruvidandhai in Chennai, carrying a payload of three CubeSats and 50 PICO satellites designed to collect data
on global warming and climate change.

186
APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS
Shekhar Kapur Appointed As IFFI Festival Director
 Veteran filmmaker Shekhar Kapur has been appointed as the Festival Director for the 55th and 56th editions of the
International Film Festival of India, Mr. Kapur will head the festival, held annually in Goa, India.
India (Rajendra Singh) takes over as chair of Asian Disaster Risk Reduction organization
 India took over as Chair of the Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre for 2024-25, with Rajendra Singh from NDMA
assuming the role. The country aims to lead in disaster risk reduction under PM Narendra Modi's guidance. India
chaired the ADPC's 5th Board of Trustee meeting in Bangkok, showcasing its global leadership.
Lakshman Acharya appointed Assam Governor, and more
 Lakshman Prasad Acharya has been made the governor of Assam with the additional charge of Manipur while Gulab
Chand Kataria has replaced Banwarilal Purohit as the governor of Punjab under major gubernatorial appointments,
the Rashtrapati Bhavan has announced.
Manoj Mittal takes charge as SIDBI's CMD
 Manoj Mittal has taken charge as Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of Small Industries Development Bank of
India (Sidbi), following his appointment by the Government of India. Prior to this, he was the managing director (MD)
of Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI).
Mohsin Naqvi Set to Become President of the Asian Cricket Council
 Pakistan Cricket Board's incumbent chairman Mohsin Naqvi is set to become the next president of the Asian Cricket
Council (ACC) later this year as per its rotation policy. The matter of the president's post was discussed at a recent
ACC meeting with Naqvi in line to become the next head.
Santosh Kumar Gangwar sworn in as Jharkhand Governor
 Former Union Minister Santosh Kumar Gangwar was on July 31 sworn in as the 12th Governor of Jharkhand. Mr.
Gangwar, 76, succeeded C.P. Radhakrishnan, who was appointed as the Governor of Maharashtra.
India Appointed as Vice-Chair of IPEF’s Supply Chain Council
 India has been elected as the Vice-Chair of the Supply Chain Council under the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for
Prosperity (IPEF). This appointment highlights India’s critical role in developing a resilient supply chain in the Indo-
Pacific region. The election, part of a larger agreement on supply chain resilience, establishes India alongside 13 other
IPEF partners in shaping regional supply chain policies.
Preeti Sudan appointed as the new Chairperson of UPSC
 President of India Droupadi Murmu has appointed Preeti Sudan, a 1983 batch IAS officer and former Union Health
Secretary, as the new Chairperson of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) on 31 July 2024. She will replace
Dr Manoj Soni, who resigned earlier this month.
Lt-Gen Nair takes charge as Army’s first woman DG of medical services
 Lt Gen Sadhna Saxena Nair has become the first woman to be appointed as the Director General Medical Services
(Army). She has other firsts to her name: she was the first woman to hold the post of DG Hospital Services (Armed
Forces) on promotion to the rank of Air Marshal.
Sanjay Shukla appointed MD of the National Housing Bank
 Sanjay Shukla assumed charge as the Managing Director of the National Housing Bank on 30 July 2024. According to
the National Housing Bank, Sanjay Shukla assumed the office after the government of India approved his name.
RBI approves appointment of MDs and CEOs for Small Finance Banks
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has re-approved the appointments of Inderjit Camotra and Govind Singh as MDs and
CEOs of Unity Small Finance Bank and Utkarsh Small Finance Bank, respectively,

187
Dr. Grinson George Appointed Director of ICAR-CMFRI
 Dr Grinson George has assumed charge of the Director of the ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
(CMFRI). Previously heading the Marine Biodiversity and Environment Management Division at CMFRI, he has also
held the position of Senior Programme Specialist at the SAARC in Dhaka.
IAF’s Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla picked as ‘Prime Astronaut’ for Indo-US Mission
 Indian Air Force Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla has been selected as the prime astronaut for the upcoming
Indo-US mission to the International Space Station (ISS), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has
announced.
DG SSB Daljit Singh Chawdhary takes the charge of Director General, BSF
 Director General of Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) Daljit Singh Chawdhary has taken over the additional charge of Director
General, Border Security Force. Mr. Chawdhary is a senior IPS officer of Uttar Pradesh cadre. He assumed the charge
of DG SSB in January this year.
Janet Yang has been re-elected as President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
 Film producer Janet Yang has been re-elected for a third term as the President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts
and Sciences. Alongside her re-election, several new board officers have been appointed to key positions within the
Academy.
Officer Appointments -
Janet Yang: Re-elected President for a third term.
Lesley Barber: Vice President (Membership Committee Chair).
DeVon Franklin: Vice President (Equity and Inclusion Committee Chair).
Donna Gigliotti: Vice President/Treasurer (Finance Committee Chair).
Lynette Howell Taylor: Vice President (Awards Committee Chair).
Howard A Rodman: Vice President/Secretary (Governance Committee Chair).
Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina Resigns, the end of 15 years ruling Bangladesh
 On August 5, 2024, Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, who had held power for 15 consecutive years, abruptly
tendered her resignation and left the country.
 Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, 76, who resigned and fled the country in an army helicopter on Monday amid
widespread unrest, has been known for using this term to label anyone she perceived as a threat or dissenter during
her more than 15 years in power.
Lt Gen Vikas Lakhera takes charge as Assam Rifles DG
 Lt Gen Vikas Lakhera took over as the 22nd director general of Assam Rifles, He succeeds Lt Gen (retd) PC Nair, who
relinquished the command of the force on superannuation from military service.
Amit Negi Made Additional Secretary
 The Centre has implemented a significant top-level reshuffle, appointing senior IAS officer Amit Singh Negi as
additional secretary in the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO). Mr. Negi, a 1999-batch IAS officer of the Uttarakhand cadre,
is currently the joint secretary in the Department of Expenditure under the Union Ministry of Finance.
C.S. Setty Appointed New Chairman of SBI, and More
 The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) approved the proposal to appoint Challa Sreenivasulu Setty as the
Chairman of State Bank of India (SBI), India's largest lender. Setty's appointment, which will be for a period of three
years, will be on or after August 28, 2024, and Rana Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Deputy Managing Director (DMD), State
Bank of India (SBI) has been appointed as Managing Director (MD) in SBI with effect from the date of assumption of
charge.
SEBI Approves Praveena Rai as New MD & CEO of MCX
 Three months after the position remained vacant, capital market regulator SEBI approved Praveena Rai's
appointment as the Managing Director and CEO of MCX, the country's largest commodity exchange, Praveena Rai,
previously the COO of NPCI, brings over 20 years of experience in payments and banking.

188
Boeing names new CEO Amidst losses more than triple
 Boeing named a new CEO after reporting a core operating loss of $1.4 billion in the second quarter — more than triple
the loss from a year ago — as increased scrutiny of the safety and quality of its planes kept the troubled company from
making enough aircraft to return to profitability.
 Boeing announced Robert “Kelly” Ortberg, former CEO of supplier Rockwell Collins, will be its new CEO, effective
August 8, replacing retiring Boeing CEO Dave Calhoun, who has been under fire for the company’s problems.
DBS picks insider Tan Su Shan as first female CEO to succeed Piyush Gupta
 DBS Group has named Tan Su Shan, the firm’s head of institutional banking, as the next CEO she will replace Mr, Piyush
Gupta who is to step down from the post in March 2025, making her the first female CEO of Singapore’s biggest bank.
Bangladesh Chief Justice to resign following protest
 Bangladesh, Supreme Court’s Chief Justice Obaidul Hasan has decided to resign from his post. He will submit his
resignation letter to the President after completing some formalities, His decision came following a students’ protest
on Saturday morning where he and judges of the Appellate Division was given an ultimatum to resign by 01 pm.
Senior IAS Officer T V Somanathan Appointed Cabinet Secretary
 Finance Secretary T V Somanathan was named as the new Cabinet Secretary by the government for a tenure of two
years. He will succeed incumbent Rajiv Gauba, who completes his unprecedented five-year term in the top
bureaucratic post this month-end.
Raj Kumar Chaudhary takes over as Chairman & Managing Director of NHPC
 Raj Kumar Chaudhary has assumed the role of Chairman and Managing Director at NHPC Limited, India’s leading
hydropower company and a Schedule ‘A’ enterprise of the Government of India, effective August 7, 2024. Previously,
Shri Chaudhary served as Director (Technical) at NHPC. He holds a degree in Civil Engineering from BIT Sindri and an
Advanced Diploma in Management.
PR Sreejesh Appointed as New Head Coach of India’s Junior Men’s Hockey Team
 Hockey India (HI) has announced that retiring goalkeeper PR Sreejesh will take over as the new head coach of the
junior men’s hockey team following India’s bronze medal victory at the 2024 Olympics.
Rana Ashutosh Kumar Singh Assumes Charge as MD at SBI
 Rana Ashutosh Kumar Singh has taken over as managing director in charge of State Bank of India's (SBI) risk
compliance and stressed assets resolution group (SARG) departments after his appointment got the government nod
last week. “Singh took over on Thursday just after the government order as is the norm.
Vinay Mohan Kwatra assumes charge as Indian Ambassador to US
 Former Foreign Secretary Vinay Mohan Kwatra assumed charge as the Ambassador of India to the United States.
Kwatra succeeds India’s former envoy to the United States, BJP leader Taranjit Singh Sandhu.
 Vinay Mohan Kwatra, (born 1962) is an Indian diplomat. He has served as the 34th Foreign Secretary of India, from
May 2022 till 14 July 2024 and is the Ambassador of India to the United States starting from 13 August 2024.
Sandeep Poundrik takes charge as Secretary of Ministry of Steel
 Shri Sandeep Poundrik has assumed the charge as Secretary of Ministry of Steel, at Udyog Bhawan. He is a 1993-batch
IAS officer from Bihar cadre. Upon his assumption of charge, he was welcomed by senior officers of the Ministry.
Morne Morkel appointed India men’s bowling coach
 Morne Morkel, the former South African fast bowler, has been appointed as the bowling coach for the Indian men’s
cricket team. The appointment, which had been the subject of speculation for several weeks, was officially confirmed
by BCCI Secretary Jay Shah, Morkel takes over the role from Paras Mhambrey, a former India fast bowler.
Senior IAS officer Govind Mohan appointed New Union Home Secretary
 Senior IAS officer Govind Mohan has been appointed as the new Union Home Secretary. He will succeed Ajay Kumar
Bhalla whose tenure is going to end on 22nd of this month. A 1989 batch IAS Officer, Mr Mohan is currently Secretary
in Culture Ministry. The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has approved his name.
IRS Officer Rahul Navin Appointed new Director of Enforcement Directorate (ED)
The Appointment Committee of the Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 14 August 2024, has
approved the appointment of Rahul Navin as the Director of the Directorate of Enforcement (ED). Rahul Navin was

189
appointed as the acting director of the Enforcement Directorate by the government of India on 15 September 2023
after Sanjay Kumar Mishra's retirement. Sanjay Mishra had to retire after the Supreme Court held the frequent
extension given to him by the government

Salee Sukumaran Nair Appointed as MD & CEO of Tamilnad Mercantile Bank

 Private sector lender Tamilnad Mercantile Bank (TMB) on Friday (August 16) said the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
has approved the appointment of Salee Sukumaran Nair as its new Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer.
IAS Officer Rajesh Kumar appointed next Defence Secretary by ACC
 The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 16 August 2024 has
approved the appointment of a senior IAS (Indian Administrative Service) officer, Rajesh Kumar, as the next Defence
Secretary.
Ashok Kumar Singh Takes Over Director General, ESIC
 Shri Ashok Kumar Singh, IAS took over the charge of Director General of Employees' State Insurance Corporation
(ESIC) under Ministry of Labour & Employment, Govt. of India at its Headquarters in New Delhi, Shri Ashok Kumar
Singh is an IAS Officer of 1999 batch of Kerala cadre.
M Suresh Appointed as Interim Chairman of Airports Authority of India
 M Suresh, Member, Air Navigation Services, Airports Authority of India (AAI) has been entrusted with additional
charge as Chairman of AAI. This is subsequent to relieving Sanjeev Kumar of his duties as AAI Chairman.
Jay Shah to Be the Next ICC Chairman
 The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) secretary Jay Shah is all set to replace the incumbent Greg Barclay as
the new chairman of the International Cricket Council (ICC). His decision comes after being informed of Jay Shah’s
intentions to replace him in November. Shah has the backing of cricket boards from England and Australia, and hence,
has the numbers to be crowned as the chief of the ICC.
Sanjiv Ranjan to be the next Indian Ocean Rim Association's Secy General
 The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has approved the Ministry of External Affairs' proposal for Sanjiv
Ranjan to assume the role of Secretary General at the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) Secretariat in Mauritius.
Ranjan, an Indian Foreign Service officer from the 1993 batch, will take up this foreign assignment for a three-year
term starting on 1 January 2025.
Amardeep Singh Bhatia Appointed as DPIIT Secretary
 Amardeep Singh Bhatia, IAS, has officially taken charge as the Secretary of the Department for Promotion of Industry
and Internal Trade (DPIIT) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, succeeding Rajesh Kumar Singh, IAS, who
has been appointed as Officer on Special Duty in the Department of Defence. Previously, Bhatia served as Additional
Secretary in the Department of Commerce.
Rajesh Nambiar Appointed NASSCOM President-Designate
 IT industry body national association of software services companies (NASSCOM) announced the appointment of
Rajesh Nambiar as its president-designate. Nambiar, who resigned as chairman and managing director of Cognizant
India, succeeds Debjani Ghosh at nasscom, who completes her tenure in November 2024.
Deepti Gaur Mukherjee Assumes Charge as new MCA Secretary
 Deepti Gaur Mukherjee has taken over as the Secretary of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), succeeding Manoj
Govil, who recently assumed the role of Expenditure Secretary. Before this, Mukherjee served as the CEO of the
National Health Authority, Deepti Gaur Mukherjee is a 1993 batch IAS officer of the Madhya Pradesh cadre.
Nestlé appoints longtime company executive Laurent Freixe as new CEO
 Nestle has appointed long-serving executive Laurent Freixe as its new CEO following the resignation of Mark
Schneider after eight years in the role. Freixe joined the French division of Nestlé in 1986 and managed the company's
European and Americas segments before being appointed CEO Zone Latin America in 2022.

190
AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS
Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh conferred the prestigious Lifetime Achievement Award
 In a ceremony to mark the International Meet of leading medical celebrities, professionals and Medicos from all over
the country and abroad, Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh was conferred the prestigious “Lifetime Achievement
Award” in recognition of his exemplary dedication to the advancement of diabetology, diabetes care and diabetes
research which earned him acknowledgement across the country and overseas.
CWC Wins GEEF Global Water Tech Award 2024
 The Central Water Commission (CWC) has been honoured with the GEEF Global WaterTech Award under the category
‘Water Department of the Year’ at the prestigious Global Water Tech Summit -2024 organized by the Global Energy
and Environment Foundation (GEEF) in New Delhi.
Google CEO Sundar Pichai Honored with Honorary Doctorate from IIT-Kharagpur
 Google’s CEO Sundar Pichai was conferred with an honorary Doctor of Science (Honoris Causa) degree, a recognition
of his exceptional contributions to the field of technology and his leadership at one of the world’s most influential
companies. This honorary doctorate represents a full-circle moment for Pichai, who completed his [Link] in
metallurgical and materials engineering from IIT Kharagpur before embarking on his journey to the United States..
Ashma Kumari KC crowned as Miss Nepal World 2024
 Ashma Kumari KC was crowned Miss Nepal World 2024, beating out 25 other contestants in the 28th edition beauty
pageant at the Godavari Sunrise Convention Center, Lalitpur
President Droupadi Murmu Conferred with Companion of the Order of Fiji
 President Droupadi Murmu embarked on a significant two-day state visit to Fiji, marking a milestone in the diplomatic
relations between the two nations. During this meeting, President Murmu was conferred with the Companion of the
Order of Fiji, the highest honor bestowed by the Fijian government. This prestigious recognition symbolizes the deep
respect and strong ties between India and Fiji.
Former IISc director G Padmanabhan receives Vigyan Ratna Award
 Noted biochemist Govindrajan Padmanabhan, a former director of the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru has been
named as the first recipient of Vigyan Ratna – India’s top most science award instituted by the union government.
Dr. Bhesh Bahadur Thapa awarded Hem Bahadur Malla honour for 2079 BS
 In a ceremony held in Kathmandu, President of Nepal, Ramchandra Paudel, presented the Hem Bahadur Malla Honour
for the year 2079 BS to Dr. Bhesh Bahadur Thapa. The award, established in memory of Hem Bahadur Malla, a
prominent administrator and founding chair of Salt Trading Corporation.
President Murmu receives the Highest Civilian Award of Timor Leste
 President Droupadi Murmu was honoured with the highest civilian award of Timor Leste - Grand Collar of Order of
Timor Leste, by Timor Leste President Jose Ramos Horta. President Murmu is on a three-nation tour of - Fiji, New
Zealand and Timor Leste from 5 to 10 August 2024.
SRK Receives Lifetime Award at Locarno Film Festival
 Shah Rukh Khan wins lifetime achievement award at Locarno Film Festival, Bollywood’s charismatic Shah Rukh Khan
‘King Khan’, graced the 77th Locarno Film Festival with his presence on August 10, receiving a career achievement
award that further gilds his storied career, Shah Rukh delivered his acceptance speech to a rapt audience of 8,000 at
Locarno’s famed Piazza Grande.
70th National Film Awards 2022
 The 70th National Film Awards for the year 2022 were announced on 16 August 2024. The head of the jury for the
various segments of the National Film Awards presented the list of winners of the 70th National Film Awards.
 List of Important Award winner –
Best Feature Film - Aattam (Malayalam), Director: Anand Ekarshi
Best Debut Film of a Director- Fouja (Hrryanvi), Director Parmod Kumar
Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment- Kantara (Kannada), Director Rishab Shetty
Best Feature Film Promoting Social, National, and Environmental Values- Kutch Express (Gujarati) - Director: Viral
Shah

191
Best Film in AVGC (Animation, Visual Effects Gaming & Comic)- Brahamstra Part -1 Shiva, Director: Ayan Mukerji
Best Direction -Uunchai (Hindi), Director: Sooraj R. Barjatya
Best Actor in a Leading Role- Rishab Shetty for the film Kantara
Best Actress in a Leading Role- Nithya Menen for film Thiruchitrambalam (Tamil), Manasi Parekh - Kutch Express
(Gujarati),
Best Actor in a Supporting Role -Pavan Raj Malhotra for the film Fouja
Best Actress in a Supporting Role - Neena Gupta for the film Uunchai
Best Child Artist - Sreepath for film Malikappuram (Malayalam)
Best Male Playback Singer -Arijit Singh for the film Brahmastra
Best Female Playback Singer -Bombay Jayashri for film Chaayum Veyil (Malayalam)
Best Music Direction - Pritam for the film Brahmastra
National Institute for MSME (NI-MSME), Hyderabad has been awarded Accreditation Certification as - UTKRISHT
 National Institute for MSME (NI-MSME), Hyderabad an Organisation of Ministry of MSME, Government of India, has
been awarded with Accreditation Certificate on the successful completion on National Standards for Civil Services
Training Institutions (NSCSTI) process in recognition of excellent services in the field of promotion and development
of MSMEs. The assessment was made based on the inspection of all Standard Operating Procedures and Methodologies
followed by the Institute at different levels. The team from Capacity Building Commission (CBC) & ICARE conducted
On-site assessment and awarded the Certificate of Accreditation with the grading of UTKRISHT, a 3 Star Rating.
Rohit Sharma & Virat Kohli honoured at the 26th CEAT Cricket Awards
 The Indian men’s cricket team captain Rohit Sharma was awarded the 26th CEAT International Cricketer of the Year
Award, Virat Kohli who had a terrific year in the One Day Internationals (ODI), was honoured with the Best ODI Batter
of the Year award, at the CEAT Cricket Awards in a ceremony held in Mumbai on 21 August 2024.

BOOKS & AUTHORS

India@100: A Vision for India’s Economic Future
 Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal, unveiled a book titled “India@100: Envisioning Tomorrow’s
Economic Powerhouse”, written by former Chief Economic Advisor Shri K V Subramanian. Shri Subramanian in the
book predicts India can achieve a $55 trillion economy by 2047 if the nation sustains an 8% annual growth rate.
Tarun Chugh's book, "Modi's Governance Triumph: Reshaping India's Path to Prosperity" unveiled
 BJP General Secretary Tarun Chugh’s book “Modi’s Governance Triumph: Reshaping India’s Path to Prosperity” was
released on Saturday (August 17, 2024) in New Delhi. Home Minister Amit Shah and Coal and Mines Minister G. Kishan
Reddy were also present at the release of the book, the book offers an in-depth exploration of the visionary initiatives,
and reforms that guided the Antyodaya mission of the Modi administration. It examines the broad spectrum of
Narendra Modi’s policies,
Kalpana Sankar’s Autobiography Unveiled
 Dr. Kalpana Sankar’s autobiography, “The Scientist Entrepreneur: Empowering Millions of Women”, was unveiled by
Soumya Swaminathan at Cathedral Road. The book launch brought together notable figures from various fields,
highlighting the impact of grassroots initiatives on women’s economic empowerment and community development.

IMPORTANT DAYS
World Hepatitis Day
 Every year on 28th June World Hepatitis Day is observed as a global initiative aimed at raising awareness about
hepatitis, promoting prevention, testing, and treatment, and advocating for better public health policies to combat the
disease, The theme for this year's World Hepatitis Day is - Take Action. Test, treat, vaccinate.
National Parent’s Day
 National Parents' Day is observed on the fourth Sunday of July every year and this year it will be celebrated on July
28. National Parents' Day was established in 1994 when President Bill Clinton signed a Congressional resolution
declaring the fourth Sunday in July as a day to honor parents. Since its inception, this yearly event has featured

192
parades, speeches, award ceremonies, and special activities to acknowledge and celebrate the crucial role parents play
in our li
International Tiger Day
 Global Tiger Day, often called International Tiger Day, is an annual celebration to raise awareness for tiger
conservation, held annually on 29 July. It was created in 2010 at the Saint Petersburg Tiger Summit in Russia.
World Day against Trafficking in Person
 The World Day Against Trafficking in Persons is observed annually on July 30 to raise awareness about human
trafficking and to promote and protect the rights of trafficking victims.
 Note - Focused on the same issue, eliminating human trafficking, modern-day slavery and exploitation, the World Day
Against Trafficking in Persons is separate and distinct from the United States' National Human Trafficking Awareness
Day.
World Wide Web Day
 World Wide Web Day is observed on August 1 each year. The day is marked in honour of the ability of people to browse
information freely using the Web. The Web is the tool that billions across the globe use every moment to interact with
the global system of interconnected computer systems that is the Internet.
World Lung Cancer Day
 In 2012, the Forum of International Respiratory Societies (FIRS) and the International Association for the Study of
Lung Cancer (IASLC) decided that every year, August 1 will be observed as World Lung Cancer Day to raise awareness
about the disease and the unhealthy lifestyle habits that we must change to stay safe. Since then, August 1 is observed
as World Lung Cancer Day every year.
National Mountain Climbing Day
 National Mountain Climbing Day is observed on August 1. It was initiated to honour Bobby Matthews and his
companion Josh Madigan for successfully scaling all 46 peaks of the Adirondack Mountains, located in Northeastern
New York. On the same day in 2015, the two conquered the final peak, Whiteface Mountain. On this day, climbers and
outdoor enthusiasts often visit mountains, take part in climbing competitions or support initiatives aimed at
protecting alpine areas.
Hiroshima Day
 Every year, August 6 is observed solemnly as Hiroshima Day around the world and this year will be the 79th
anniversary of the atomic bombing of the Japanese city by the United States during World War II in 1945.
National Handloom Day: India
 Every year on August 7th, India celebrates National Handloom Day, a tribute to its rich heritage of traditional weaving
and the invaluable contributions of handloom weavers.
 The first National Handloom Day was celebrated in 2015, with an event in Chennai to mark the launch of Swadeshi
Movement on August 7, 1905.
National Javelin Day
 India declared August 7 as National Javelin Day, a fitting tribute to Chopra's golden throw and a day to celebrate the
sport that brought India unprecedented glory on the world stage, On August 7, 2021, Neeraj Chopra etched his name
in history by winning India's first-ever Olympic gold medal in track and field. (Tokyo Olympics, 2020 held in 2021)
His historic javelin throw of 87.58 metres not only secured the gold but also made him the second Indian to win an
individual Olympic gold, following Abhinav Bindra.
Quit India Movement Day
 Quit India Movement Day, observed on August 8th, marks the historic Quit India Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi
in 1942. This pivotal campaign demanded an end to British rule in India, mobilizing millions through non-violent
resistance.
 In 2024, India commemorates the 82nd anniversary of the Quit India Movement, this day serves as a powerful
reminder of the country’s enduring commitment to freedom, democracy, and unity.

193
International Day of World’s Indigenous People
 The International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples is observed on 9 August each year to raise awareness and
protect the rights of the world's indigenous population. The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) declared this
special day in 1994, with resolution 49/214.
Nagasaki Day
 Hiroshima and Nagasaki Day is observed to mark the devastation of the atomic bombing during World War II. The
horrors of ‘Little Boy’ on August 6th followed by ‘Fat Man’ on August 9th sparked global discussions on nuclear
disarmament. This year marks the 79th anniversary of the nuclear attack which led to Japan’s surrender during World
War II.
World Biofuel Day
 World Biofuel Day is observed on August 10 annually to create awareness about the importance of biofuels that are
made from biological materials like agricultural waste, animal waste, algae, trees, crops, or even grass, The theme for
this year’s celebration of World Biofuel Day is “Sustainable Biofuels: Reducing Waste, Feeding Energy”.
 August 10 was designated as World Biofuel Day because it was on this date in 1893 that German Inventor Sir Rudolf
Diesel successfully operated his diesel engine with peanut oil.
World Lion Day
 World Lion Day was initiated by Big Cat Rescue, the world’s largest accredited sanctuary dedicated to big cats.
Celebrated on August 10th, it is a day for people to come together from across the globe to pay tribute to the mighty
lion! World Lion Day is an occasion to celebrate the majestic lions that captivate our hearts with their strength and
magnificence.
World Steelpan Day
 August 11 is declared as World Steelpan Day as by the United Nations, Recognizing the historical and cultural
significance of the steelpan, Trinidad and Tobago's National Instrument.
 The steelpan (also known as a pan, steel drum, and sometimes, collectively with other musicians, as a steelband or
steel orchestra) is a musical instrument originating in Trinidad and Tobago. It is played using a pair of straight sticks
tipped with rubber; the size and type of rubber tip varies according to the class of pan being played.
International Youth Day
 International Youth Day is an awareness day designated by the United Nations that takes place on August 12. The
purpose of the day is to draw attention to a given set of cultural and legal issues surrounding youth. The first IYD was
observed on 12 August 2000.
 Theme for the International Youth Day 2024 is: From Clicks to Progress: Youth Digital Pathways for Sustainable
Development.
World Elephant Day
 World Elephant Day is an international annual event on August 12, dedicated to the preservation and protection of
the world's elephants, The World Elephant Day was co-founded on August 12, 2012, by Patricia Sims from Canada and
the Elephant Reintroduction Foundation of Thailand, an initiative of HM Queen Sirikit of Thailand.
 The theme for the World Elephant Day 2024 is - Personifying prehistoric beauty, theological relevance, and
environmental importance”.
World Organ Donation Day
 World Organ Donation Day is observed every year on August 13th, dedicated to promoting the importance of organ
donation. The main goal of this day is to raise awareness and dispel myths surrounding organ donation.
 History - The history of World Organ Donation Day dates back to the early 2000s when it was first observed to promote
the idea of organ donation by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Society for Organ Donation
(ISOD). It was created to spread awareness about the importance of donating organs and to burst myths around it.
Partition Horrors Remembrance Day: India
 Partition Horrors Remembrance Day is an annual national memorial day observed on 14 August in India,
commemorating the victims and sufferings of people during the 1947 partition of India. It was first observed in 2021,
after announcement by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

194
Independence Day: India
 Independence Day is celebrated annually on 15 August as a public holiday in India commemorating the nation's
independence from the United Kingdom on 15 August 1947,
 The theme for the Independence Day 2024 celebration is "Viksit Bharat", which reflects the government's vision to
transform India into a developed nation by 2047.
Death Anniversary of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Observed on August 16th
 August 16, marks the death anniversary of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the former Prime Minister of India and a Bharat Ratna
awardee. Honoured with the Bharat Ratna and is known for his leadership. The Atal Bihari government declared India
a nuclear-armed nation by conducting five underground nuclear tests at Pokhran on May 11 and 13, 1998.
Indonesia Independence Day
 17 August, Independence Day of Indonesia is a national holiday in Indonesia commemorating the anniversary of
Indonesia's proclamation of independence on 17 August 1945. It was made a national holiday by government decree
in 1946.
World Humanitarian Day
 World Humanitarian Day, established by the United Nations, is observed on August 19 annually to honour
humanitarian workers who risk their lives to provide aid and assistance to people in need. The day is also an occasion
to raise awareness of global humanitarian efforts.
International Day of Remembrance and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism
 The International Day of Remembrance and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism was established by the United Nations
General Assembly in 2017. It designated 21 August as the International Day of Remembrance and Tribute to the
Victims of Terrorism in order to honor the victims and survivors of terrorism.
Madras Day
 Madras Day celebrated on 22 August is a festival organised to commemorate the founding of the city of Madras in
Tamil Nadu, India, 22 August 1639 being the widely agreed date for the purchase of the village of Madraspatnam or
Chennapatnam by East India Company factors Andrew Cogan and Francis Day from Damarla Venkatadri Nayaka, the
viceroy of the Vijayanagar Empire.
National Space Day: India
 The country will celebrate its first National Space Day on 23 August 2024 to mark its remarkable capability and
achievements in space, The Indian government officially declared August 23 as the National Space Day,
commemorating India's growing prowess in space exploration, with the theme - Touching Lives while Touching the
Moon: India's Space Saga.
International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition
 The International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition is an international day observed on
23 August of each year, the day designated by UNESCO to memorialize the transatlantic slave trade, the theme for the
year 2024 is - Creating Global Freedom: Countering Racism with Justice in Societies and Among Nations.

OBITUARIES
Former India batter and coach Aunshuman Gaekwad passes away
 Legendary Indian cricketer and former Indian coach, and selector Anshuman Gaekwad passed away at the age of 71,
after losing his long battle with cancer, Known for his calm demeanour, Gaekwad represented India in 40 Tests and
15 One-Day Internationals, scoring 2,254 runs across the two formats. He was coach at a time when India saw skippers
such as Azharuddin, Sachin Tendulkar and Sourav Ganguly.
Iconic Classical Dancer Yamini Krishnamurthy Passes Away
 Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi veteran Yamini Krishnamurti died at the Apollo Hospital here on Saturday. She was 84.
She was suffering from age-related issues and was in the ICU for the last seven months.

195
Former England cricketer Graham Thorpe Passes Away at 55
 Former England test batter Graham Thorpe has died, the England and Wales Cricket Board announced on Monday. He
was 55. A stylish and fluid top-order batter, Thorpe played 100 tests for England from 1993 to 2005. He scored 16
hundreds, including on debut against Australia at Trent Bridge.
Former West Bengal Chief Minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee Passes Away
 Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, veteran Left leader and former West Bengal Chief Minister, died at his south Kolkata
residence, He was 80. He had been unwell for a while and had been suffering from respiratory problems that led to
frequent hospitalisations.
Ex-External Affairs Minister Natwar Singh Passes Away
 Veteran Congress leader and former External Affairs Minister K Natwar Singh took his last breath on Saturday night
following a prolonged illness, He was 93 years old, Born in 1931 in Rajasthan's Bharatpur district, K Natwar Singh was
a diplomat before he joined politics.
Dr. Ram Narain Agarwal - Father of Agni Missiles, Passes Away
 Renowned Indian scientist Dr Ram Narain Agarwal, a pivotal figure in the development of India's missile system, died
on Thursday in Hyderabad at the age of 84.
 Known as the 'Father of Agni Missiles', Dr Agarwal played a key role in defence research and in the development of
India's long-range ballistic missile program, particularly the Agni series of missiles.

RANKING
RIL top-ranked Indian Company on the 2024 Fortune Global 500 List
 Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) has climbed the 86th position on the Fortune Global 500 list for 2024, from 88th
spot and making a significant jump of 69 places over the past three years. This year is the 21st consecutive year RIL
has been part of the list, the longest for any Indian private sector company.
Vistara named 'Best Airline in India & South Asia' at the World Airline Awards 2024 Skytrax
 Vistara has been named 'Best Airline in India & South Asia’ award for the fourth consecutive year and ‘Best Airline
Staff Service in India & South Asia’ award for the sixth time in a row at the 2024 World Airline Awards by Skytrax.
Vistara was also recognised for ‘Best Cabin Crew in India & South Asia’ for the fourth time in a row and ‘Best Business
Class Airline in India & South Asia’ for the third successive year.
NIRF ranking 2024: IIT Madras secures top spot, IGNOU grabs rank 1 under the open universities
 The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras has once again secured the top position in the National Institutional
Ranking Framework (NIRF) 2024,( Overall ) marking its sixth consecutive year as the nation’s leading higher
educational institution, The Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, was recognized as the best university in the
country, In the management category, the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) at Ahmedabad, Bangalore, and
Calcutta continue to dominate, securing spots among the top five institutions.
RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das Ranked Top Central Banker for 2nd Year
 Reserve Bank of India Governor Shaktikanta Das has been ranked as the top central banker globally for the second
consecutive year by US-based Global Finance magazine.
Amul ranked as world's strongest food brand, dairy brand by UK's Brand Finance
 As per the report, Amul has risen from second rank in 2023 to become the world's strongest food brand in 2024, with
a Brand Strength Index (BSI) score of 91.0 out of 100 and an AAA+ rating.
RGIA Hyderabad wins best airport award for third consecutive year
 Hyderabad’s Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA) has once again clinched the prestigious title of Best Airport at
the India Travel Awards, marking its third consecutive win, the airport management has consistently invested in
modernization, technological advancements, and service-oriented initiatives to enhance the overall passenger
experience.
Mumbai ranks second globally in property price growth as per Knight Frank Report
 Driven by a surge in demand for residential and luxury properties, Mumbai has ascended to the second spot in the
latest Prime Global Cities Index, published by property consultancy firm Knight Frank.

196
SPORTS
Sri Lanka clinch maiden Women's Asia Cup title with comprehensive win over India
 Sri Lanka secured their first Women's Asia Cup title win, beating India with a clinical run-chase in front of home fans.
This was also just the second time in their nine final appearances that India failed to win the Women's Asia Cup.
 Samarawickrama was the Player of the Match in the Final, while Chamari Athapaththu was the Player of the
Tournament for her 304 runs and three wickets in the event.
Manu Bhaker Scripts History, Becomes First Indian Woman to Win Medal In Shooting At Olympics
 Indian Shooter Manu Bhaker secured a bronze medal in the Women’s Air Pistol event at the Paris Olympics 2024,
becoming the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal in shooting, Bhaker’s score of 221.7 points earned her the
third place, marking India’s first medal in the ongoing Olympics.
Lewis Hamilton Wins Belgian Grand Prix 2024
 Lewis Hamilton clinched victory at the 2024 Formula 1 Rolex Belgian Grand Prix under dramatic circumstances after
his Mercedes team-mate George Russell, who initially crossed the finish line first, was disqualified due to a technical
infringement. The disqualification stemmed from Russell’s car being found underweight in the post-race inspection.
Nita Ambani Unveils India House at Paris 2024 Olympics
 Nita Ambani, IOC member and founder of the Reliance Foundation, inaugurated the India House during the Paris 2024
Olympics. This marks India’s first-ever country house at the Olympics, highlighting a significant milestone in India’s
Olympic journey.
India to host 2025 and Bangladesh 2027 edition of the Asia Cup: Men’s Cricket
 The Asian Cricket Council has announced the host of the forthcoming biennial Men’s Cricket Asia Cup to be held in
2025 and 2027, India will host the 2025 edition in T20 format, and Bangladesh will host the 2027 edition in One-Day
International (ODI) format.
Rohan Bopanna retires from Indian tennis After Paris 2024 Olympics
 Rohan Bopanna, one of India’s most accomplished tennis players, has announced his retirement from from Indian
tennis following his exit from the Paris 2024 Olympics.
 Bopanna represented India in the Asian Games 2022 in Hangzhou, where he won the gold medal with Rutuja Bhosale
in the mixed doubles event, In September last year, he brought an end to his 21-year Davis Cup career after helping
India beat Morocco in their World Group II match.
Indian team shines at the International Physics Olympiad 2024
 Indian students have secured two gold and three silver medals at the 54th International Physics Olympiad (IPhO)
2024 held between July 21 and July 29 in Isfahan, Iran.
 Overall, India was placed in the fourth position, jointly with Vietnam. China bagged the top spot, followed by Russia
and Romania in second and third positions, respectively.
Swapnil Kusale Wins Bronze Medal in 50m Rifle 3 Position Men’s Event at Paris Olympics 2024
 Swapnil Kusale has become the first Indian shooter to secure a medal in the 50m Rifle 3 Position (3P) event at the
Paris Olympics. Swapnil, a Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) athlete, showcased remarkable resilience and
precision. He steadily climbed the ranks to finish 3rd with a total score of 451.4 points, securing a Bronze medal for
the nation. This is India's third medal at the Paris Olympics, with all three coming from shooting events.
Manu Bhakar finishes fourth in final of Women’s 25 meters pistol;
 On the 8th Day of the Paris Olympics 2024 today, In Shooting, Manu Bhaker finished at 4th position in the Women’s
25 meters pistol event. She missed out on a hat trick and finished her Olympic journey with two historic bronze
medals. With four athletes left in the fray, Manu was tied at 28 points with Hungary’s Veronica Major. And in the five-
shot shoot-off, Manu missed twice, while Major missed only once.
Novak Djokovic Beats Carlos Alcaraz to win his first Gold at Olympics
 Serbia's Novak Djokovic clinched gold in the tennis men's singles event at the Paris Olympics 2024, as he beat Spain's
Carlos Alcaraz 7-6(3), 7-6(2), in an enthralling neck-and-neck final.

197
Star Shooter Manu Bhaker Set to Be India’s Flagbearer in Closing Ceremony of Paris Olympics
 Manu Bhaker, India’s two-time Olympic bronze medallist, has been chosen to be India’s flagbearer for the closing
ceremony of the Paris Olympics 2024. According the Indian Olympic Association (IOA), Bhaker will represent India as
the women’s flagbearer during the event.
Noah Lyles wins men’s 100m gold medal at the Paris Olympics 2024
 Team USA's Noah Lyles took the gold in the men's 100-meter final at the Paris Olympics — by five thousandths of a
second. Lyles, won with a time of 9.784 seconds, came out just barely ahead of Jamaica's Kishane Thompson (who ran
in 9.789) and USA's Fred Kerley (whose time was 9.81).
Indian Wrestler Vinesh Phogat Disqualified From Paris Olympic 2024
 Indian wrestler Vinesh Phogat has been disqualified from the Paris Olympics after failing to meet weight requirement
for her 50 kg gold medal. As per the report, Phogat was reportedly over the permissible weight limit by just 100 grams,
which lead to her disqualification. According to competition rules, she will not be eligible for a silver medal, leaving
only gold and bronze winners in the 50 kg category.
Vinesh Phogat Announces Retirement from Wrestling
 Vinesh Phogat announced her retirement from wrestling, a day after being disqualified from the Paris Olympics 2024.
The 29-year-old had become the first Indian female wrestler to advance to the finals of the Olympic Games and assure
herself at least a silver medal in women's 50kg. However, she was found overweight in the mandatory weigh-in on the
morning of her bout and was disqualified from the event.
Avinash Sable finishes 11th in 3000m steeplechase final
 India's Avinash Sable failed to keep pace with the best in the business as he finished 11th in the Paris Olympics men's
3000m steeplechase final race. The 29-year-old Sable clocked 8 minutes 14.18 seconds while crossing the finish line
after running in the lead briefly in the dramatic race.
Neeraj Chopra wins Silver medal, Pakistan's Nadeem wins Gold at the Paris Olympics 2024
 Neeraj Chopra narrowly missed retaining his gold medal in the men's javelin throw at the Paris Olympics securing
silver with a best throw of 89.45 metres. Pakistan's Arshad Nadeem claimed the gold with a throw of 92.97 metres,
breaking the previous Olympic record set by Denmark's Andreas Thorkildsen in Beijing in 2008.
Bronze for Men’s Hockey team In Paris Olympics and more
 The Indian men’s hockey team led by Harmanpreet Singh won the bronze medal in the 2024 Paris Olympics, beating
Spain 2-1. The match to decide the bronze medal was held at the Yves-du-Manoir Stadium in Paris, France, on 8 August
2024, This is the second back-to-back bronze medal for the Indian men’s hockey team after their bronze medal at the
2020 Tokyo Olympics, The match against Spain was also the last international match for the veteran Indian goalkeeper
PR Sreejesh who announces retieremet.
Aman Sehrawat Breaks Sindhu Record to be Youngest Medallist at Olympics
 Aman Sehrawat became the youngest Indian to win an Olympic medal after he won a bronze medal in the men’s
freestyle 57 kg wrestling event at the Paris Olympics. Aman Sehrawat broke the record of PV Sindhu, who won a silver
medal at the 2016 Rio Olympics at the age of 21 years, 1 month, and 14 days.
India’s total medal tally at Olympics
 A contingent of 117 Indian athletes has been competing for medals and sporting glory at the ongoing Paris Olympics
2024, which concludes this Sunday ( August 11 ). India secured a total of six medals at the marquee event, including
one silver and five bronze.
First ever Global Women’s Kabaddi League to kick off in September 2024
 With the aim of promoting kabaddi on a global level, the first-ever Global Women’s Kabaddi League is scheduled to
take place in September 2024. The League is organized by the Holistic International Pravasi Sports Association
(HIPSA) in collaboration with World Kabaddi.
 The League, known as the Global Pravasi Women’s Kabaddi League (GPKL), will bring together women athletes from
over 15 nations in a first-of-its-kind tournament. This event aims at promoting kabaddi on the international stage,
furthering the goal of including kabaddi in the Olympic Games, The League is set to launch in Haryana, focusing on
promoting and developing women’s kabaddi globally.

198
Los Angeles to host the 34th Summer Olympics in 2028
 The 33rd Summer Olympics ended on 11 August 2024, when the International Olympic Committee President Thomas
Bach, accompanied by the athletes and French swimmer Leon Marchand, extinguished the Olympic flame in the host
city of Paris, France.
 The Olympic flag was handed over to the city of Los Angeles, USA, which will host the next 34th Summer Olympics in
2028.
17th International Earth Sciences Olympiad
 A team of Indian students has secured three gold, two silver and three bronze medals at the 17th International Earth
Sciences Olympiad held in China’s Beijing. The event took place from 8th to 16th August.
 The four-member Indian team comprising students from Gujarat, Kerala, Chhattisgarh, and Rajasthan have won these
medals in three different categories including Earth System Project, and International Team Filed Investigation.
Sumit Antil & Bhagyashri Jadhav: 2024 Paris Paralympics Flag Bearer
 The Paralympic Committee of India has named Tokyo Paralympics gold medallist para-athletes Sumit Antil and Shot
Putter Bhagyashri Jadhav as the Indian flag bearers for the opening ceremony of the 2024 Paris Paralympics Games,
which will be held on 28 August 2024.
Hockey India retires No. 16 jersey in honour of retired goalkeeper PR Sreejesh
 Hockey India has announced that it is retiring the No. 16 jersey as a tribute to goalkeeper PR Sreejesh, who retired
from the sport after India's Paris Olympics campaign. Indian sports has never been big on gestures but PR Sreejesh's
retirement function here was marked by several of them, all grand and unprecedented.
ICC Women’s T20 World Cup 2024 shifted to UAE amidst Bangladesh’s political unrest
 The International Cricket Council (ICC) announced that the ICC Women’s T20 World Cup 2024 has been relocated to
the United Arab Emirates (UAE) due to political instability in Bangladesh.
 The tournament, originally scheduled to be held in Bangladesh, will now take place from October 3 to October 20 at
two venues in the UAE—Dubai and Sharjah. The dates for the event remain unchanged.
Sinner and Sabalenka Cincinnati Open Titles
 Top-ranked Jannik Sinner and women's No. 2 Ayrna Sabalenka earned straight-set victories in the finals of the
Cincinnati Open, the first titles at the tournament for both players.
 Sabalenka on Monday defeated Jessica Pegula 6-3 7-5 for her first title since the Australian Open in January.
 Sinner, who turned 23 on Friday, beat American Frances Tiafoe 7-6(4) 6-2 to become the youngest Cincinnati
champion since 21-year-old Andy Murray won in 2008.
Shikhar Dhawan Announces Retirement from International Cricket
 Shikhar Dhawan, has officially announced his retirement from international and domestic cricket at the age of 38, the
left-handed batter took to social media to post an emotional message for fans where he announced his decision to
retire from all forms of cricket. In all he scored 10,867 runs with 24 centuries and 44 half-centuries, in 269
appearances for India.
First-ever Women’s Test match between India and England to be played in 2026
 The England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) has confirmed that the first-ever women’s Test match will be played
between India and England in 2026 at the iconic Lord’s Cricket Ground.
Indian women clinch first-ever team title at U17 Wrestling World Championships in Jordan
 At the ongoing Under-17 World Wrestling Championship in Amman, Jordan, Indian women extended their dominance
to win its first-ever team title with 185 points. Japan finished second with 146 points and Kazakhstan finished third
with 79 points. Kajal became the fifth wrestler from the country to bag a gold. Kajal won her bout with a commanding
9-2 win over Ukraine’s Oleksandra Rybak in the 69kg weight category.
Shuttler Tanvi Patri crowned Asian U-15 champion
 Tanvi Patri clinched the under-15 girls singles title at the Badminton Asia U-17 & U-15 junior championships after she
defeated Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen of Vietnam in straight games in the final in Chengdu, China on Sunday.
The 13-year-old Patri, seeded No. 1, wrapped up the proceedings in just 34 minutes as she cruised to a 22-20 21-11
victory over her second-seeded opponent in the summit clash.

199
SUMMIT’S & MOU’S
Ajit Doval leads India at the 4th BIMSTEC Security Chief meeting
 The 4th BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) Security Chiefs
meeting was held in the capital city of Myanmar, Nay Pyi Taw, on 27 July 2024, At the meeting, India was represented
by the National Security Advisor (NSA) Ajit Doval, During his visit to Myanmar, Ajit Doval also met the Prime Minister
of Myanmar Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, as part of the delegation of the BIMSTEC Security Chiefs.
Tech Leaders Forum of India Launched At World Education Conference 2024 in Dubai
 The Tech Leaders Forum of India (TELFI) was officially launched at the World Education Conference 2024, hosted by
the Federation of Economic Development Association (FEDA) at Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University in Dubai.
iDEX and AFMS Sign MoU to Develop Medical Technologies for Armed Forces
 Innovations for Defence Excellence-Defence Innovation Organisation (iDEX-DIO) and Armed Forces Medical Services
(AFMS) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to launch the Medical Innovations and Research
Advancement (MIRA) initiative.
32nd International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE-2024)
 India will host the 32nd International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE) in New Delhi from August 2-7,
2024, marking a 66-year hiatus since its last hosting in 1958. The conference, held every three years, will take place
at the Pusa Institute and focus on - Transformation Towards Sustainable Agri-Food Systems.
MoD signs MoU with UPEIDA to set up testing facilities
 Ministry of Defence (MoD), inked a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to set up three state-of-the-art testing
facilities under the Uttar Pradesh Defence Industrial Corridor (UPDIC). Under the MoU, one facility will be established
in Lucknow in Mechanical & Material (M&M) domain, and two in Kanpur - one each in Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)
and Communications domains.
4th Rashtriya Hindi Vigyan Sammelan 2024 held in Bhopal
 The 4th edition of the Rashtriya Hindi Vigyan Sammelan 2024 was held in the Madhya Pradesh capital, Bhopal, on 30
and 31 July 2024. The Rashtriya Hindi Vigyan Sammelan's main purpose is to provide a platform for researchers to
present and discuss their work in Hindi, enrich science and technology-based research in Hindi and popularise science
and technology through Hindi medium, The conference featured six sessions on diverse topics of Science, Technology,
Ayurveda, Engineering, and Science Communication.
14th India-Vietnam Defence Policy Dialogue Held in New Delhi
 The 14th India-Vietnam Defence Policy Dialogue took place in New Delhi on August 01, 2024. It was co-chaired by
Defence Secretary Shri Giridhar Aramane and Deputy Minister of National Defence of Vietnam Senior Lieutenant
General Hoang Xuan Chien.
32nd International Conference of Agricultural Economists
 The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi inaugurated the 32nd International Conference of Agricultural Economists
(ICAE) at National Agricultural Science Centre (NASC) Complex, New Delhi today. The theme for this year's conference
is, “Transformation Towards Sustainable Agri-Food Systems.” It aims to tackle the pressing need for sustainable
agriculture in the face of global challenges such as climate change, natural resource degradation, rising production
costs and conflicts. Around 1,000 delegates from around 75 countries took part in the conference.
India to host first BIMSTEC Business Summit in New Delhi from August 6-8
 India is preparing to host the first-ever BIMSTEC Business Summit in New Delhi from August 6-8, marking a significant
step towards fostering greater regional collaboration in the Bay of Bengal region.
Nagaland government inks DRTPS MoU with SBI General Insurance
 Nagaland Chief Secretary J Alam signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for ‘Disaster Risk Transfer
Parametric Insurance Solutions (DRTPS)’ on behalf of the Nagaland Government with SBI General Insurance Company
Limited in the presence of Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio, at his office chamber here in Secretariat, Kohima.

200
5th AITIGA Joint Committee Meeting Held in Jakarta
 The 5th AITIGA Joint Committee and related meetings for review of ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA)
were held in ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta, Indonesia from 29th July to 1st August 2024, marking a significant milestone
in enhancing economic cooperation between ASEAN and India.
India and Saint Kitts & Nevis Sign MoU on Sports Cooperation
 India and Saint Kitts & Nevis have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to enhance cooperation in the field
of sports. The agreement was formalized by Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, India’s Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports, and
Dr. Denzil Douglas, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Saint Christopher & Nevis. This MoU outlines several key areas of
collaboration aimed at improving sports infrastructure, training, and management between the two nations.
CIL & GAIL Sign a JV for Setting up a Coal to SNG Plant
 The Ministry of Coal, in collaboration with the Ministry of Power& Natural Gas, has facilitated a landmark joint venture
agreement between two leading Maharatna CPSEs, Coal India Limited (CIL) and GAIL (India) Limited (GAIL) today
(05.08.2024). This agreement marks a major step towards setting of a Coal to Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) plant using
surface coal gasification (SCG) technology.
GAIL signes MoU with Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam
 The central government public undertaking GAIL(India) Limited has signed a non-binding memorandum of
understanding (MoU) with the Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam (RVUN) to optimise operations of RVUN gas-
based power plants in Rajasthan.
4th India-Zambia Foreign Office Consultations held in Lusaka
 India and Zambia held 4th Foreign Office Consultations (FOC) in Lusaka, and held discussions about various sectors
of cooperation, including defence and health.
 The FOC took place on Thursday, where the Indian side was led by Puneet R. Kundal, Additional Secretary (East and
Southern Africa), and the Zambian side was spearheaded by Etambuyu Anamela Gundersen, Permanent Secretary,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.
MEA, NSIL signed an MoU to assist launch of Nepalese Munal satellite
 The Ministry of External Affairs and ISRO's commercial arm NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) signed an MoU to grant
assistance for the launching of the Nepal-built Munal satellite, Munal is an indigenous satellite developed in Nepal
under the aegis of the Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST).
India, Maldives Renew MoU to train 1,000 Civil Service Officers
 India’s External Affairs Minister, Dr. S. Jaishankar, and the Maldives' Foreign Minister, Mr. Moosa Zameer, renewed
the Memorandum of Understanding MoU for capacity building of 1000 Maldives civil services officers during the
period 2024-2029 Malé as part of the development partnership discussions between both the nations on 9th August
in Malé, Maldives.
AIIA signed MoU with Amity University to Promote Ayurveda Research and Education
 A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), New Delhi and
Amity University, Noida, to collaborate on education, research, and technology. The MoU was signed by AIIA Director,
Prof. Tanuja Nesari, and Joint Registrar of Amity University, Asha Premnath. This MoU extends the ongoing five-year
agreement with Amity University.
SBI signs MoU with Jakson Engineers Limited to promote solar projects
 State Bank of India (SBI) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Jakson Engineering Limited to set
up solar projects to a wide range of consumers across commercial, industrial, and institutional sectors. This
partnership comes under the Surya Shakti Solar finance initiative. It will combine SBI’s banking experience and
Jakson’s solar technology expertise. This initiative will promote energy sustainability and lower power costs.
NHA, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences sign MoU to drive digital health education
 A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the National Health Authority (NHA) and Maharashtra
University of Health Sciences (MUHS) in the presence of Union Health Minister, J P Nadda, to drive Digital Health
education across India.

201
6th India-Australia Maritime Security Dialogue held in Canberra
 In an effort to strengthen the India-Australia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, India and Australia hosted two
important bilateral meetings.
 Australia hosted the 6th India-Australia Maritime Security Dialogue in its capital city of Canberra to strengthen
cooperation in ensuring maritime security. India hosted the 14th meeting of the India-Australia Joint Working Group
on Counter-Terrorism in New Delhi, Cooperation in counter-terrorism is an important pillar of the India-Australia
Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.
India to Host 3rd Voice of Global South Summit on August 17
 India will host the 3rd Voice of Global South Summit on Saturday. The theme of the Summit is – An Empowered Global
South for a Sustainable Future. External Affairs Ministry in a statement said that it will act as a platform to expand
discussions held in the previous Summits on a range of complex challenges that continue to affect the world, such as
conflicts, food and energy security crises and climate change.
Prasar Bharati and Sansad TV Sign MoU for Enhanced Collaboration and Content Sharing
 An MoU was signed between the public broadcaster Prasar Bharati and Sansad Television in Parliament for
Collaborations and Content Sharing, The MoU was exchanged in the presence of Sansad TV CEO Rajit Punhani and
Prasar Bharati CEO Gaurav Dwivedi, as well as senior officials of both organizations.
International conference on Law and Technology held in Kerala
 An international conference on “Law and Technology: Sustainable, Transport, Tourism and Technological
Innovations” organised by the Commonwealth Legal Education Association will be inaugurated jointly by Chief Justice
of India Dr D Y Chandrachud and the Chief Justice of Seychelles Justice Roney Govinden at Kumarakom in Kottayam
district, Kerala.
MoU signed to study augmentation of water supply to Faridabad
 To address the anticipated water supply gap for Faridabad Smart City by 2031, an MoU was signed between the
Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and the Faridabad Metropolitan Development Authority (FMDA). It marks a
significant step towards augmenting the city's water supply through the sustainable development of groundwater
resources in the Yamuna flood plains.
3rd Voice of Global South Summit on 17 August 2024
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 3rd Voice of Global South Summit on 17 August 2024. The Summit is
being held in a virtual format, and many leaders of the Global South are participating in the meeting. The Voice of
Global South is an Indian concept rooted in the ancient Indian philosophy of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam. It provides a
platform for the countries of the Global South to raise issues that are vital to them.
India Hosted Third 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue with Japan In New Delhi
 India's Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar hosted Japan's Minister of Defence,
Kihara Minoru and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Yoko Kamikawa, for the third India-Japan 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue on
Tuesday (August 20) in New Delhi.
Rising Rajasthan - Investment Summit 2024
 The Rajasthan government has received investment proposals amounting to over Rs 5.21 lakh crore (approximately
USD 62 billion) in the lead-up to the ‘Rising Rajasthan’ Investment Summit 2024, The 'Rising Rajasthan' Investment
Summit 2024 will be organised on December 9-11, 2024, in the capital city of Jaipur and the 3-day mega summit aims
to attract and facilitate global investment, innovation, and associations into the state.
Two-Day India-EU Regional Conference
 The European Union (EU), in collaboration with organising partner Global Counter-Terrorism Council (GCTC) and
with India’s Ministry of External Affairs as a strategic partner, will be hosting a crucial regional conference on August
21-22, in New Delhi. to discuss the current and emerging threats in online radicalisation and find ways to jointly
counter the exploitation of online spaces by extremist and terrorist actors
KVIC & DoP Sign MoU For Physical Verification of PMEGP
 The Khadi and Village Industries Commission KVIC has signed a Memorandum of Understanding MoU with the
Department of Posts. Under this MoU, the employees of the Postal Department will physically verify new units being
set up across the Country under the Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme PMEGP.

202
Indian Navy Signs MoU with BEML Ltd
 In a major push towards indigenisation of critical Marine Engineering equipment of the Indian Navy. BEML Ltd (
Bharat Earth Movers Limited ), a ‘Schedule A’ company under the Ministry of Defence and one of India’s leading
Defence and Heavy Engineering manufacturers has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Indian
Navy.
Vice President Dhankhar inaugurates 19th CII India-Africa Business Conclave
Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar inaugurated the 19th CII India Africa Business Conclave in New Delhi on 21 August
2024. The three-day conclave will be held from 20 to 22 August 2024. Senior Ministers, policymakers, and business
leaders from Africa and India will participate in the Conclave, The first edition of the CII India Africa Business Conclave
was held in 2005.

BANKING & ECONOMY

RBI Introduces PCA Framework to Improve Financial Health of UCBs
 Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on July 26 prescribed a Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) framework for relatively weak
urban co-operative banks (UCBs), with deposits above ₹100 crore (upper tier category), to nurse them back to health.
As per the framework, a financially unsound and ill-managed UCB can be brought under PCA if it breaches the risk
thresholds of identified indicators pertaining to capital and profitability).
UltraTech to obtain 32.72% stake in India Cements, deal triggers open offer
 India’s largest cement maker, UltraTech Cement, announced on Sunday that it will acquire a 32.72 per cent stake in
India Cements from the southern entity’s promoters. The deal, valued at Rs 3,954 crore, will trigger an open offer
which, if fully subscribed, will raise the total cost for UltraTech to Rs 7,100 crore.
RBI imposes penalties on 3 payment system operators
 The RBI has imposed penalties on payment system operators Visa Worldwide, Ola Financial Services and
Manappuram Finance for deficiencies in regulatory compliance.
 A penalty of Rs 2.4 crore has been imposed on Visa Worldwide Pte Limited and Rs 41.5 lakh on Manappuram Finance
Limited, A fine of Rs 87.55 lakh has been slapped on Ola Financial Services in two cases.
Karnataka Bank Partners with ICICI Lombard General Insurance
 Karnataka Bank announced its strategic partnership with ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company, through this
tie-up, Karnataka Bank customers will have access to a wide range of comprehensive insurance products and services
provided by ICICI Lombard.
BillDesk, Amazon Pay & Adyen Get Cross-Border Payment Aggregator Licence from RBI
 While BillDesk’s [Link] received the licence for both exports and imports on July 29, the other two received
the nod on July 25, Amazon Pay and Adyen India received the central bank’s approval for import-only cross border
payment aggregator licence, With this, the trio has joined Cashfree Payments in the list of companies that have cross
border PA licence.
Shriram Capital gets RBI’s NOD to launch ARC
 Shriram Capital has received in-principle approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to establish an Asset
Reconstruction Company (ARC). The approval, granted after Shriram Capital's application in November 2023.
ADB to give $200 mn loan to India for solid waste management in 100 cities
 Asian Development Bank and the Government of India recently signed a $ 200 million (about Rs 1,700 crore) loan to
improve solid waste management and sanitation in 100 cities across eight states in the country.
 The signatories to the loan agreement for the Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0 -Comprehensive Municipal Waste
Management in Indian Cities Program were Juhi Mukherjee, Joint Secretary, Finance Ministry, and Mio Oka, Country
Director for Asian Development Bank (ADB).
UGRO Capital & SIDBI ink co-lending partnership
 UGRO Capital and SIDBI tie-up aims to offer small businesses timely, affordable credit. UGRO Capital, a data-tech non-
banking financial company (NBFC) has entered into a co-lending partnership with Small Industries Development Bank
of India (SIDBI) for lending to micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs).

203
Paytm Launches India’s First NFC Card Soundbox
 One 97 Communications Limited (OCL), Paytm's parent company, launched India's first NFC Card Soundbox which is
a two-in-one mobile QR payment device that combines NFC card payment technology with mobile QR payments, The
new launch will provide a cost-effective solution for offline merchants.
Kotak Mahindra Bank and GOQii launched smart vital plus smartwatch
 Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd (“KMBL” / “Kotak”) has teamed up with GOQii to launch the Kotak – GOQii Smart Vital Plus
smartwatch, revolutionizing the way customers make payments. this innovative wearable device combines
contactless payments with health monitoring features. Powered by RuPay On-The-Go, the smartwatch enables
seamless transactions up to INR 5000 without requiring a PIN.
RBL Bank launches RuPay credit cards with UPI and NCMC functionalities
 RBL Bank has announced integration of Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and National Common Mobility Card (NCMC)
services on RuPay Credit Cards. The offering combines multiple payment capabilities into a single card.
SWIFT And Axis Bank launch AI pilot to tackle payment fraud
 Belgium-headquartered Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT), the global
specialist in financial transactions, is launching an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven pilot in partnership with Axis Bank
to help combat payments fraud occurring in cross-border payments.
IRDAI Fines HDFC Life Rs 2 Crore for Violations
 The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has imposed a penalty of Rs 2 crore on HDFC
Life Insurance for violating norms. The penalty must be paid within 45 days from the receipt of the order, and
additional directives have also been issued, the regulator cited violations of norms related to policyholders' interests,
web aggregators, and insurance distributors.
HDFC joins hands with Vested Finance to offer access to global investing for Indians & NRIs
 HDFC Securities, a leading stock broking company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of HDFC Bank, has announced a
strategic tie-up with Vested Finance, a popular US-based investment platform, for democratizing global investing for
Indians and NRIs.
Capital Small Finance Bank and Edelweiss Life Insurance enter into bancassurance tie-up
 Capital Small Finance Bank Limited (CSFB), and Edelweiss Life Insurance have entered into a bancassurance tie-up.
This strategic partnership will enable CSFB's customer base to access Edelweiss Life Insurance's life insurance
products suite, thereby meeting their need for financial security.
India and World Bank sign $500 million agreement for Green Highway Corridor project
 Government of India and the World Bank have joined forces to construct the Green National Highway Corridor Project
(GNHCP). This project aims to build 781 km of eco-friendly highways across four states (Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan,
Uttar Pradesh, and Andhra Pradesh) with a focus on safety and climate resilience.
DBS Bank India unveils 'DBS Golden Circle', an exclusive priority banking program for senior
 Development Bank of Singapore Limited, DBS Bank India has announced the launch of ‘DBS Golden Circle’, a
comprehensive priority banking program meticulously designed to cater to the unique needs of senior citizens. This
program offers a suite of exclusive benefits and services, making banking simpler and more rewarding for resident
Indian citizens aged 60 years and above, the launch marks the bank's 30th anniversary in India. DBS uses its branches
and digital services to serve customers.
L&T Finance Receives RBI Certificate for NBFC-ICC Status
 L&T Finance Ltd. received the certificate of registration as a non-banking financial company (investment and credit
company) from the Reserve Bank of India, The NBFC was earlier registered as an NBFC-Core Investment Company.
However, after the company's merger with its wholly owned subsidiaries, L&T Finance, L&T Infra Credit Ltd. and L&T
Mutual Fund Trustee Ltd., the company applied for conversion from an NBFC-CIC to an NBFC-ICC.
RBI increases UPI payment limit from Rs 1 lakh to Rs 5 lakh
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has provided major relief to UPI consumers. The central bank has increased the limit
for making payments through UPI from Rs 1 lakh to Rs 5 lakh.
 After the three-day bimonthly Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting, RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das said that
UPI has become the most preferred mode of payment due to its convenient features.

204
Pine Labs-owned Setu Partners With Axis Bank To Roll Out UPI-focused Payments Platform
 Setu, a Pine Labs company, in partnership with Axis Bank, today launched UPISetu, India’s only UPI-focused payments
platform for businesses and developers with a variety of UPI products and advanced functionalities.
Bharti Enterprises’ International Arm Buys 24.5% Stake worth $4 Billion in BT Group
 Bharti Global, the international investment arm of Bharti Enterprises, is set to acquire a 24.5% stake in the British
telecom giant BT Group plc for approximately $4 billion. The shares will be purchased through Bharti Televentures
UK Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Bharti Global.
Axis Bank and Visa unveil the ultra-luxury credit card, ‘PRIMUS’, for India’s elite
 Axis Bank, in collaboration with Visa, has launched the ‘Primus’ credit card, a new ultra-premium offering designed
exclusively for high-net-worth individuals. This invite-only card provides exceptional benefits and privileges tailored
to the discerning needs of India's elite and comes with a steep joining fees of Rs 5 lakh, reflecting the card's exclusivity,
the annual fee stands at Rs 3 lakh.
RBL Bank Launches Vijay Fixed Deposits to Honor 78th Independence Day
 RBL Bank has launched the "Vijay Fixed Deposits" scheme to celebrate India's 78th Independence Day, offering a 500-
day fixed deposit with interest rates up to 8.85% p.a. Customers can easily book this limited-time offer through the
RBL Bank MoBank app or by visiting a branch.
India's first Nifty Top 10 Equal Weight Index Fund and ETF
 DSP Mutual Fund has launched two new offerings: the Nifty Top 10 Equal Weight Index Fund and its corresponding
ETF. Both funds aim to provide investors with exposure to the top 10 companies listed on the Nifty Index, with each
stock receiving equal weight in the portfolio.
PNB launches Braille Debit Card for visually impaired customers
 State-owned Punjab National Bank has launched the PNB ANTAH DRISHTI Braille Debit Card, designed for visually
impaired customers, this contactless National Common Mobility Card (NCMC) debit card is available on RuPay
network.
NCLT Approves Slice and North East Small Finance Bank Merger
 Fintech company Slice has received approval from the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) for its merger with
North East Small Finance Bank. The Guwahati bench of the NCLT has sanctioned the scheme of arrangement and
amalgamation involving several entities, including Garagepreneurs Internet, Quadrillion Finance, Intergalactory
Foundry, RGVN (North East) Microfinance, and North East Small Finance Bank.
LIC Housing launches home loan scheme for armed forces at 8.4% rate
 LIC Housing Finance has introduced a special home loan scheme for Indian defence forces - the 'Griha Rakshak'
scheme, The NBFC is offering home loans up to Rs 2 crore at an interest of 8.4 per cent per annum to eligible applicants
with a credit score of 750 and above.
Zomato to Acquires Paytm’s Entertainment & Ticketing Business
 Zomato to acquire the movie and events ticketing businesses of Paytm for Rs 2,048 crore, This move marks Zomato’s
expansion into the broader lifestyle services sector, including dining, movies, sports ticketing, live performances,
shopping, and staycations. Meanwhile, Paytm aims to refocus on its core financial services.
IndusInd Bank Receives RBI Approval for Mutual Fund Business
 IndusInd Bank has secured approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to establish a mutual fund business. The
bank will set up a wholly-owned subsidiary to undertake asset management activities. Strategic partnership with
Invesco Ltd.
Aditya Birla Finance and AU Small Finance Bank launch co-branded credit cards
 Aditya Birla Finance Limited (ABFL), a subsidiary of Aditya Birla Capital, and AU Small Finance Bank have launched a
new range of co-branded credit cards, The cards, available on Visa and RuPay networks, aim to cater to a broad
spectrum of customer needs with four distinct variants.
Card variants and features -
ABC AU Flex: This card offers an affordable option designed for the mass market in India.
ABC AU Nxt: Aimed at millennials, this card includes specialised features tailored for younger customers.

205
ABC AU Pro: This high-end card is targeted at affluent individuals, offering premium benefits.
Bandhan Bank launches Avni Saving Account for Women Customer
 On August 22, 2024, Bandhan Bank Ltd, on the eve of its Foundation Day, announced the launch of Avni, an exclusive
savings account tailored for women. The bank also introduced its innovative loyalty program, Bandhan Bank Delights,
where customers can earn reward points known as Delight Points. These points can be redeemed for purchases and
come with exclusive offers.
Axis Bank launches Neo for Merchants, one stop solution for the merchant community
 Axis Bank launches a mobile application a one stop solution for the merchant community, in partnership with VISA
and Mintoak, Merchants can accept payments, view transaction reports, and raise service requests directly through
the mobile app christened 'Neo for Merchants'.
Tata Power Solar Systems and ICICI Bank Partner to Finance Solar Units
 Tata Power Solar Systems Ltd (TPSSL) has signed an agreement with ICICI Bank to provide financing for solar units
to residential and corporate customers, as part of the agreement, the customers can avail themselves of loans up to Rs
90 lakh with collateral-free options and tenure extending up to 5 years.
RBI clears e-mandate for auto-replenishment of FASTag, NCMC
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on Thursday announced an update to its e-mandate framework by extending its scope
to include auto replenishment of balance for FASTag and National Common Mobility Card (NCMC), which are recurring
in nature but without any fixed periodicity.

206
1
IMPORTANT ONE LINERS
NATIONAL
Uttarakhand Pioneers in Valuing Natural Resources with Gross Environment Product
 Uttarakhand has become the first state in India to assign monetary values to its natural resources,
encompassing air, water, forest, and soil, introducing the Gross Environment Product (GEP).
 The GEP, distinguishing between man-made conservation efforts like 'amrit sarovars' and natural processes
such as rainfall and reflects a 0.9% increase in environmental products from 2020 to 2022, highlighting the state's
commitment to integrating ecological health into its economic metrics.

India to Centralise Transportation Systems into Unified Hubs

 The Ministry of Roads, Transport and Highways has announced an ambitious initiative to centralise India’s
transportation networks—roadways, railways, airways, waterways, and ropeways—into integrated hubs and
terminals.
 This strategy aims to serve as a one-stop solution for 87% of the country's passenger traffic, which primarily travels
by road.
 As part of this plan, two pilot hubs will be developed in Katra and Tirupati, with additional hubs in Varanasi and
Nagpur managed by the National Highways Logistics Management (NHLM), a subsidiary of the National Highways
Authority of India focused on improving transport logistics and infrastructure.

India and Japan Strengthen Ties at 3rd 2+2 Ministerial Meeting

 India and Japan recently held their third 2+2 Foreign and Defence Ministerial Meeting in New Delhi, against the
backdrop of rising geopolitical tensions and China’s assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific region.
 Both countries emphasised their commitment to a free, open, and rules-based Indo-Pacific, aligning strategically in
response to China’s growing military presence.
 They supported the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)'s unity and central role in fostering regional
cooperation and peace, endorsing the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific.

Natal Indian Congress Marks 130th Foundation Year: A Legacy of Resistance and Unity
 The Natal Indian Congress (NIC), established on August 22, 1894, by Mahatma Gandhi, recently marked its 130th
foundation year.
 Originally founded to combat discrimination against Indians in Natal, South Africa, the NIC was the first Indian
Congress of its kind.
 Over the decades, it evolved under the umbrella of the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) from the 1920s and saw
a shift towards more radical leadership in the 1930s and 1940s, culminating in Dr. G.M. Naicker’s leadership started
in 1945.
 The NIC’s activism intensified, leading to the imprisonment of several leaders by the 1950s and 1960s.

Prime Minister Commemorates Maharaja Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya Bahadur

 The Prime Minister paid homage to Maharaja Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya Bahadur on his birth anniversary,
recognizing his transformative contributions to Tripura.
 Known as the "Modern Architect of Tripura," he was pivotal in founding the first higher educational institution and
advocating for land reforms that benefited indigenous communities.
 His efforts led to the establishment of the Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council. Maharaja Bir Bikram,
born on August 19, 1908, was also the first ruler of Tripura to travel to Europe and America. He donated land for the
Agartala airport, which was renamed in his honour in 2018.

160
State of Healthcare in Rural India, 2024" Report Highlights Critical Gaps
 The "State of Healthcare in Rural India, 2024" report highlights significant healthcare challenges in rural areas
across 21 Indian states.
 Approximately 50% of rural households have government health insurance, yet 34% lack any insurance, and 61% are
without life insurance. Access issues persist, with only 39% having nearby diagnostic facilities and a mere 12.2%
accessing subsidised medicines.
 Additionally, 73% of households with elderly require constant care, predominantly provided by family members,
underscoring the need for enhanced caregiver support and infrastructure improvements.

Bharatmala Pariyojana: Enhancing India's Road Network and Connectivity

 The Bharatmala Pariyojana, launched under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, is a comprehensive road
development initiative aimed at enhancing freight and passenger movement across India.
 Initiated in 2017, the first phase of Bharatmala was initially set for completion by 2022 but faced delays due to slow
implementation and financial hurdles.
 As of March 31, 2024, nearly 50% of the project has been completed, with completion now projected for 2027-28.
This program forms a critical part of the Ministry's Vision 2047, which seeks to establish high-speed corridors and
world-class amenities within 100-150 km of all citizens.

India Launches Jan Poshan Kendra Initiative to Boost Nutrition and Efficiency in Public Distribution
 The Indian government has initiated a pilot project to transform 60 Fair Price Shops (FPS) into "Jan Poshan
Kendras" across Gujarat, Rajasthan, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.
 This transformation is part of an effort to enhance the nutritional offerings available under the Pradhan Mantri Garib
Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY). The Jan Poshan Kendra initiative not only aims to sell additional items beyond
subsidised grains, addressing the income challenges of ration dealers, but also to improve service quality with the
introduction of digital tools and support systems to increase transparency and efficiency.
 Presently, 0.54 million FPSs distribute about 60-70 million tonnes of food grain annually to over 800 million
beneficiaries.
 The government plans to expand this initiative, converting approximately 100,000 fair price shops into "nutri-hubs"
over the next three years, aiming to further enhance the nutritional access and efficiency of India's vast public
distribution system.

Union Minister of Power Launches Three Innovative Online Platforms to Boost Power Sector Efficiency
 The Union Minister of Power has launched three online platforms—PROMPT, DRIPS, and JALVIDYUT DPR—to
enhance efficiency, transparency, and effectiveness in India's power sector.
 Developed by the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) and NTPC, PROMPT facilitates real-time tracking of thermal
power projects, DRIPS addresses power disruptions from natural disasters, and JAL VIDYUT DPR monitors
hydroelectric projects.
 These platforms aim to improve project management, disaster response, and coordination across the sector, reflecting
the Ministry's commitment to modernising infrastructure management and increasing operational transparency.

Indian Prime Minister's Historic Visit to Ukraine: Strengthening Bilateral Ties and Promoting Peace
 India's Prime Minister visited Ukraine, marking the first visit by an Indian head of state since Ukraine's independence
in 1991.
 The visit highlighted India's active stance on the Russia-Ukraine conflict, emphasising peace and resolution through
stakeholder engagement.
 Key outcomes included the establishment of an Intergovernmental Commission to enhance bilateral trade, the signing
of four agreements aimed at strengthening cooperation in agriculture, medical regulation, and cultural ties, and the
donation of four mobile hospital units to Ukraine.

161
 Additionally, the Prime Minister extended an invitation to the Ukrainian President to visit India, reinforcing bilateral
relations.

8th Dharma Dhamma Conference Focuses on Cosmology in Indian Traditions

 The 8th Dharma Dhamma conference, organised by the India Foundation in collaboration with Gujarat University,
was held in Ahmedabad, featuring Vice-President Jagdeep Dhankhar as the chief guest.
 The 2024 conference's theme, "Cosmology in Dharma and Dhamma," explored the unique aspects of Dharmic
cosmology rooted in Indian traditions which address the nature of life and the universe, suggesting that life's brevity
doesn't necessarily imply a definitive meaning.
 This conference, a critical initiative by the India Foundation, aimed to deepen the understanding and foster harmony
between Hindu and Buddhist philosophies, reflecting their enduring relevance and shared insights into cosmology, as
detailed in ancient texts such as the Vedas, Itihasa-Purana, Brahmanas, Buddhist Nikayas and Sutras, and Jain Karikas
and Sutras.

India Modifies Cross-Border Electricity Trade Guidelines Amid Regional Unrest

 The Ministry of Power has recently updated the 2018 guidelines for the Import/export (cross-border) of Electricity,
enabling power plants that export electricity to neighbouring countries to also sell their output in India.
 This change specifically allows the sale of power to the local grid in cases of payment delays from neighbouring
countries.
 This amendment comes in response to the ongoing unrest in Bangladesh, where Indian electricity suppliers like Adani
Power’s 1600 MW Godda plant in Jharkhand have been selling electricity exclusively to Bangladesh since 2023.
 Additionally, National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC) and Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) have
agreements to supply 500 MW and 300 MW to Bangladesh, respectively.

New Smartphone-Based Sensor Developed for Parkinson's Disease Management

 Scientists at the Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), an autonomous body under the
Department of Science and Technology, have developed an innovative and affordable smartphone-based sensor
system for managing Parkinson's disease.
 This portable fluorescence turn-on sensor system is designed to accurately monitor levels of L-dopa, a crucial
medication used to manage dopamine deficiencies in Parkinson’s patients.
 The sensor utilises a combination of silk-fibroin protein coated on reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles, which emit
a glow when detecting L-dopa in bodily fluids like blood, sweat, or urine.

Sikh Holy Books Returned to Indian Embassy in Qatar

 In December 2023, Qatari authorities returned two saroops of the Guru Granth Sahib to the Indian embassy after
initially confiscating them from individuals accused of unauthorised religious activities.
 Saroops are revered as living gurus within Sikhism, comprising 1,430 pages each and embodying hymns from six Sikh
gurus and various saints.
 Compiled first in 1604 by Guru Arjan Dev and later enriched by Guru Gobind Singh, the Guru Granth Sahib was
declared the eternal Guru of the Sikhs in 1708.

NGT Fines Punjab Government Rs 1,000 Crore for Waste Mismanagement

 The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has imposed a hefty penalty of Rs 1,000 crore on the Punjab government due to
its persistent failure in managing solid and liquid waste, despite previous warnings.
 This penalty, reflecting environmental damages over six months, must be deposited with the Central Pollution Control
Board within a month.

162
51st Fighter Wing Enhances Readiness in Ulchi Freedom Shield 24 Exercise
 The 51st Fighter Wing at Osan Air Base, South Korea, is actively participating in the Ulchi Freedom Shield 24, a joint
military exercise with South Korean forces running from August 19 to August 23, 2024.
 The exercise aims to boost the wing's operational readiness and strengthen command and control systems in
collaboration with the Seventh Air Force and U.S. Forces Korea.
 Key activities include local flying operations and Agile Combat Employment, emphasizing rapid response and
adaptability across various bases.
 This strategic training underscores the U.S.'s commitment to regional security and stability in the Pacific, reinforcing
a combined defense posture with South Korea.

India Surpasses China as Top Buyer of Russian Oil in July 2024

 In July 2024, India overtook China to become the leading importer of Russian oil, accounting for 44% of its total oil
imports with a daily intake of 2.07 million barrels—a 12% increase from the previous year.
 This shift was influenced by reduced refining profits in China and the availability of Russian oil at discounted rates
due to Western sanctions linked to the Ukraine conflict.
 The strategic increase in India's Russian oil purchases, including a notable rise in Russian ESPO Blend crude, has
contributed to stabilizing global oil prices and managing inflation.
 Meanwhile, Iraq and Saudi Arabia remain key suppliers, with the Middle East's overall share in India's oil imports
rising to 40%.

India-Denmark Partnership Launches Smart Laboratory on Clean Rivers to Revitalize Varuna River
 Under the collaborative Environmental Strategic Partnership between India and Denmark, the Smart Laboratory on
Clean Rivers (SLCR) project has been initiated to rejuvenate the Varuna River, with a combined funding of ₹21.8 crore.
 This innovative project aims to leverage advanced technology and a comprehensive river management plan to
enhance the river’s health and bolster the local economy and social conditions over the next 2-3 years.

IIM Bangalore Partners with Alumnus Mathew Cyriac to Launch India’s First Global Centre for PE and VC
 On August 25, 2024, the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IIM-B) signed a landmark Memorandum of
Understanding with alumnus Mathew Cyriac, Executive Chairman of Florintree Advisors, to establish India’s inaugural
Global Centre of Excellence in Private Equity and Venture Capital.
 Named after prominent investment banker Tony James, the Centre aims to be a global leader in these fields, fostering
advanced research and educational endeavours.

ASSOCHAM Environment and Carbon Conference Opens in New Delhi with Focus on Achieving Net Zero by 2070
 Shri Kirti Vardhan Singh, the Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest, and Climate Change, inaugurated the
ASSOCHAM Environment and Carbon Conference in New Delhi, emphasising collaborative efforts to achieve India's
goal of net zero emissions by 2070.
 Highlighting climate change as a global challenge requiring international cooperation, the Minister outlined India’s
commitment to bolstering climate resilience and fulfilling its Nationally Determined Contributions.

Assam Assembly Passes Law to Mandate Registration of Muslim Marriages and Divorces, Aiming to Curb Child
Marriage and Polygamy
 The Assam Legislative Assembly has enacted the Assam Compulsory Registration of Muslim Marriages and Divorces
Bill, 2024, repealing the outdated 1935 Act that allowed child marriage and marriages without mutual consent.
 This new legislation sets stringent age and consent requirements for Muslim marriages in Assam, with a woman
needing to be at least 18 and a man 21. Couples must now register their intent to marry 30 days in advance, allowing
time for any legal objections.

163
Google DeepMind's "Morni Project" Aims to Develop AI for 125 Indian Languages
 Google DeepMind's India-based "Morni Project" is pioneering AI development to comprehend and interact with 125
Indian languages, enhancing digital inclusivity across India's diverse linguistic landscape.
 Despite India's recognition of 22 official languages, Morni seeks to support over 100 additional languages, some
spoken by massive, yet digitally underrepresented populations.
 Faced with the significant challenge of scarce digital data for 73 of these languages, Google has initiated Project Vaani
in collaboration with the Indian Institute of Science and ARTPARK.

Prime Minister Modi Inaugurates Vadhvan Port Project in Maharashtra, Aiming for Global Top Ten Status
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone for the ambitious Vadhvan Port project in Palghar,
Maharashtra, on August 30, 2024.
 With an estimated cost of ₹76,000 crore, the port is designed to handle 23.2 million TEUs and aims to rank among the
world's top ten ports.
 Strategically located near Dahanu at a deep-water site, Vadhvan Port is set to enhance India's trade capabilities by
facilitating large container ships and reducing shipping costs and times.

India Conducts First National Mock Drill on Zoonotic Diseases, "Vishanu Yuddh Abhyas"
 India held its first national mock drill, Vishanu Yuddh Abhyas, from August 27 to 31, 2024, to assess preparedness for
zoonotic disease outbreaks. Initiated under the National One Health Mission (NOHM), the exercise aimed to test
coordination between sectors like human health, animal husbandry, and wildlife management. Key organisations,
including the NCDC, ICMR, and DAHD, participated, focusing on disease identification and control.

President Murmu Approves Formation of 23rd Law Commission of India

 President Droupadi Murmu has approved the establishment of the 23rd Law Commission, which will function from
September 1, 2024, to August 31, 2027.
 This new commission, consisting of a Chairperson, four full-time members, two ex-officio members, and up to five
part-time members, aims to review and suggest reforms to India's legal system.

India Launches Vishvasya Blockchain Stack and National Blockchain Portal to Boost Trust in Digital Services
 India's Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has introduced the Vishvasya Blockchain
Technology Stack, NBFLite, Praamaanik, and the National Blockchain Portal to enhance blockchain adoption and trust
in digital services.
 Central to this initiative is the National Blockchain Framework (NBF), designed to build secure, transparent, and
efficient public services using distributed infrastructure, smart contracts, and strong privacy features. Collaborating
with institutions like C-DAC and IIT Hyderabad, this initiative aims to tackle challenges like skill shortages and vendor
lock-in while promoting research and development in blockchain technology.

Indian Army Celebrates Lance Naik Charan Singh’s 100th Birthday, Honouring His Service in World War II
 Lance Naik Charan Singh (retired), a World War II veteran, was honoured by the Indian Army on his 100th birthday
in a special ceremony at his home in Himachal Pradesh.
 Enlisting in 1942 at 18, Singh served 17 years in the Army Service Corps, including during World War II and the Burma
campaign, earning honours like the Burma Star Award.
 The Indian Army, led by a Brigadier, celebrated his milestone birthday, reflecting its enduring respect for veterans.
Singh’s life and military service continue to inspire, particularly in his hometown, where his contributions are deeply
cherished.

164
Union Health Secretary Releases “Health Dynamics of India 2022-23” Report Highlighting Key Data on Healthcare
Infrastructure and Workforce
 Union Health Secretary Shri Apurva Chandra released the “Health Dynamics of India (Infrastructure and Human
Resources) 2022-23” report, providing comprehensive data on India's healthcare facilities and workforce.
 Formerly known as “Rural Health Statistics,” this report offers valuable insights to aid in policy-making under the
National Health Mission (NHM).
 It details 1,69,615 Sub-Centres, 31,882 Primary Health Centres, 6,359 Community Health Centres, and 1,340 District
Hospitals, supported by over 2.39 lakh health workers.

India-USA Joint Military Exercise Yudh Abhyas 2024 Begins in Rajasthan

 The 20th edition of the India-USA Joint Military Exercise, Yudh Abhyas 2024, commenced on September 9, 2024, at the
Mahajan Field Firing Ranges in Rajasthan.
 Running until September 22, this annual exercise strengthens defense cooperation between the two nations.
 India is represented by 600 personnel from the RAJPUT Regiment, while the US has sent troops from the 1-24 Battalion
of the 11th Airborne Division, Alaska.

Indian Army Participates in 5th Edition of Joint Military Exercise AL NAJAH with Oman
 The Indian Army has sent a contingent to Oman for the 5th edition of the India-Oman Joint Military Exercise AL NAJAH,
being held from September 13 to 26, 2024, in Salalah, Oman.
 This biennial exercise, which began in 2015, aims to strengthen military cooperation, focusing on counter-terrorism
operations.
 The Indian Army’s 60-member team, primarily from a Mechanised Infantry Regiment, will join an equal number of
personnel from Oman’s Royal Army Frontier Force.

Union Minister Launches “Rangeen Machhli” App to Boost India's Ornamental Fisheries Sector
 Union Minister Shri Rajiv Ranjan Singh launched the Rangeen Machhli mobile app in Bhubaneswar, aimed at
supporting India's growing ornamental fisheries sector under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY).
 The app provides multilingual information on popular ornamental fish, helps users find local aquarium shops, and
offers educational modules on aquarium care and ornamental aquaculture.

Port Blair to be Renamed ‘Sri Vijaya Puram’ in Honor of India’s Historical Legacy
 Union Minister Amit Shah announced that Port Blair, the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, will be renamed
Sri Vijaya Puram.
 This renaming reflects Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of replacing colonial-era names with those that honor
India’s rich history and freedom struggle.
 The new name acknowledges the region's ancient connections, particularly to the Chola dynasty, which played a
significant role in Southeast Asia.

Typhoon Yagi: Asia’s Strongest Storm of 2024 Causes Over 400 Deaths, Massive Destruction Across Multiple
Countries
 In early September 2024, Typhoon Yagi, the strongest storm of the year in Asia, struck Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, and
Thailand, causing widespread devastation.
 The typhoon resulted in over 400 deaths, forced hundreds of thousands from their homes, and led to severe flooding
and landslides.

Subhadra Yojana: Odisha’s New Scheme to Empower Women

 The Odisha government has launched the Subhadra Yojana to commemorate Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s 74th
birthday, aiming to provide ₹10,000 annually to economically weaker women aged 21 to 60.

165
 The scheme will distribute funds in two installments: ₹5,000 on Rakhi Purnima and ₹5,000 on International Women’s
Day, deposited directly into Aadhaar-linked bank accounts. Over five years, it is expected to benefit 1 crore women,
with an allocation of ₹55,825 crore. This initiative seeks to attract women voters and compete with the BJD's Mission
Shakti programme.

Chennai Celebrates 146th Birth Anniversary of Social Reformer Periyar E.V. Ramasamy
 On September 17, 2024, Chennai commemorated the 146th birth anniversary of Periyar E.V. Ramasamy, a renowned
social reformer from Tamil Nadu, with Chief Minister M.K. Stalin leading the tributes.
 Born in 1879 in Erode, Periyar initially joined the Congress party but left due to disagreements over caste issues. He
founded the Self-Respect Movement in 1925 and gained national prominence during the Vaikom Satyagraha in 1924.

Exercise AIKYA: Enhancing Disaster Preparedness and Coordination

 Exercise AIKYA is a two-day national event in Chennai organised by the National Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA) and the Army Southern Command, aimed at improving coordination among various organisations for disaster
response.
 The event gathers representatives from multiple sectors, including Railways, Civil Aviation, and Health, alongside
officials from the Indian Meteorological Department and the National Remote Sensing Centre.

4th Global Renewable Energy Investors Meet and Expo Highlights Gujarat's Leadership
 The 4th Global Renewable Energy Investors Meet and Expo was successfully held in Gujarat, marking the first
occurrence outside Delhi. Gujarat emerged as the top-performing state, excelling in various renewable energy
capacities, particularly in wind power and ranking second in solar power, with only Rajasthan surpassing it.
 The event featured significant initiatives such as the “Mission 100 GW of Renewable Energy in Gujarat” and “Gujarat
Energy Vision 2047,” presented by Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel. Union Minister Pralhad Joshi acknowledged the
state’s contribution of about 53% to India’s solar generation capacity, further reinforcing Gujarat's critical role in the
nation’s renewable energy landscape.

INTERNATIONAL
Cyber Attack Disrupts Elon Musk's Interview with Donald Trump on X
 Recently, an interview between Tesla CEO Elon Musk and former US President Donald Trump on the platform X
(formerly Twitter) was interrupted by a cyber attack known as Denial of Service (DoS).
 Types of DoS attacks include the Smurf Attack, where attackers flood their own servers by using a spoofed IP address
of the target, and the SYN Flood Attack, where the attacker begins but does not complete multiple connection requests
to the server, blocking legitimate traffic.

UN General Assembly Introduces Multidimensional Vulnerability Index to Aid Small Island States
 The UN General Assembly has recently launched the Multidimensional Vulnerability Index (MVI), a new quantitative
tool designed to assist small island developing states (SIDS) in obtaining low-interest financing.
 The MVI comprises two main components, Universal Level Quantitative Assessment which provides a summary index
that ranks countries based on their structural vulnerability and resilience, using a unified methodology to produce an
overall MVI score and Vulnerability-Resilience Country Profiles which offer a detailed, tailored analysis of a country's
specific vulnerability and resilience factors.

ESA's JUICE Probe Successfully Executes Double Slingshot Maneuver to Journey Towards Jupiter
 The European Space Agency's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) Probe recently performed a critical double slingshot
manoeuvre, utilising the gravitational forces of both the Moon and Earth.
 This intricate navigation sequence involved JUICE passing 434 miles from the Moon and then 4,229 miles from Earth,
leveraging these gravity assists to adjust its trajectory efficiently while conserving propellant.

166
 This successful execution has set JUICE on a course to reach Jupiter by 2031, aided by additional gravity assists from
Venus in 2025 and Earth in 2026 and 2029.
 JUICE aims to explore Jupiter’s three large icy moons—Callisto, Europa, and Ganymede—with the ultimate goal of
orbiting Ganymede to assess its potential to support life, building on the legacy of NASA’s Galileo mission and other
significant Jupiter missions like Juno and Cassini-Huygens.

Australia Enacts Right to Disconnect Law, Joining Global Trend

 Australia has introduced a significant labour reform granting workers the legal right to "disconnect" from work-
related communications outside their designated working hours.
 This new legislation permits workers to refuse to monitor, read, or respond to such communications unless refusal is
considered "unreasonable," a determination that depends on factors like the nature of the job and compensation for
overtime.
 This move aligns Australia with countries like France, which pioneered similar laws in 2017 to address issues
stemming from the “always on” work culture.

Sri Lanka Launches Visa-Free Entry for 35 Countries to Boost Tourism

 Starting October 1, 2024, Sri Lanka will allow citizens from 35 countries, including India, the UK, the US, and China, to
visit without a visa for six months.
 This initiative aims to increase tourism, simplify travel, and stimulate economic growth by capitalising on the sector's
significant contribution to the national income.
 The policy addresses past controversies over visa fees and positions Sri Lanka as a more accessible destination,
building on existing visa exemptions for several countries.

Telegram CEO Pavel Durov Arrested in France Amid Privacy Concerns and Legal Scrutiny
 Pavel Durov, the CEO and co-founder of Telegram, was arrested at Le Bourget airport in Paris, linked to a French
investigation into the app’s role in enabling illegal activities such as drug trafficking and cyberstalking through its
privacy features.
 A Russian expatriate and staunch privacy advocate, Durov created Telegram in 2013 to offer secure communication,
distinguishing the platform with strong encryption and large group chat capabilities.

Pacific Islands Forum 2024 Tackles Climate Change and US-China Rivalry in Tonga
 The Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) convened in Nuku'alofa, Tonga, on August 26, 2024, drawing over 1,500 delegates
from approximately 40 countries to discuss pressing issues like climate change and the strategic tussle between China
and the US in the Pacific.
 Founded in 1971, the PIF comprises 18 Pacific nations including Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji, focusing on regional
growth, security, and cooperation.
 This year's key agenda includes addressing the dire impacts of climate change, with Pacific nations facing existential
threats from rising sea levels and a significant funding gap in the Pacific Resilience Facility.

Berkshire Hathaway Hits $1 Trillion Market Cap, Led by Warren Buffett's Strategic Decisions
 Berkshire Hathaway, under the leadership of Warren Buffett, reached a landmark $1 trillion market value on August
28, becoming the first non-tech company to achieve this milestone.
 This historic valuation followed Buffett's strategic move to sell nearly half of Berkshire's Apple shares, accumulating
a massive $280 billion cash reserve. Buffett, who began his career as an investment analyst, co-founded Berkshire
with Charlie Munger in 1965, transitioning it from a textile company to a diversified conglomerate.

167
Angkor Wat Named Most Photogenic UNESCO World Heritage Site in Asia
 Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet announced that Angkor Wat has been recognized as the most photogenic
UNESCO World Heritage site in Asia by Times Travel, as reported by the Times of India.
 The list includes other iconic sites such as the Taj Mahal and Hampi in India, the Great Wall of China, the Ancient City
of Bagan in Myanmar, Borobudur in Indonesia, Ha Long Bay in Vietnam, Historic Monuments of Kyoto in Japan, Petra
in Jordan, and the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

ISRO's SSLV Successfully Launches Earth Observation Satellite
 The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully launched the third developmental flight of the Small
Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV), which precisely positioned the Earth observation satellite EOS-08 into orbit.
 This launch marks the successful completion of ISRO's SSLV Development Project. The SSLV is designed as a three-
stage launch vehicle incorporating solid propulsion stages and a liquid propulsion-based Velocity Trimming Module
(VTM) for final orbital adjustments. It aims to provide low-cost access to space with the ability to launch Mini, Micro,
or Nanosatellites ranging from 10 to 500 kg into a 500 km orbit.

Recent Blue Moon Event Sparks Interest in Its Unique Occurrence

 In August 2024, the occurrence of a "blue moon," the second full moon within a single calendar month, captivated
skywatchers and sparked discussions about its significance.
 The term "blue moon" does not refer to the moon's colour but rather to the rarity of having two full moons in one
month or four in a single season—the latter being termed a seasonal blue moon.
 Typically, a lunar cycle lasts about 29.5 days, leading to approximately 12 cycles per year. However, every 2.5 to 3
years, an extra full moon, known as a blue moon, is observed, with the next one due on May 31, 2026.

Polaris Dawn to Conduct Historic Private Spacewalk at Unprecedented Altitude

 The upcoming Polaris Dawn mission, led by billionaire Jared Isaacman, is poised to make history by conducting the
first private spacewalk at an altitude of 700 kilometres, surpassing the International Space Station's orbit.
 The mission will navigate through the radiation-rich Van Allen Belts, providing vital data on radiation effects and
testing new SpaceX spacesuits.
 Key health research will focus on Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome and decompression sickness, using
Biobanks for sample collection. Polaris Dawn, slated for launch on August 26, 2024, will also evaluate advanced
communication technologies via SpaceX's Starlink network, setting the stage for future exploratory missions and the
use of SpaceX’s Starship.

Astronomers Discover Brightest Quasar in the Universe, Providing Insight into Cosmic Beginnings
 Astronomers using the Very Large Telescope have identified J0529-4351, the brightest quasar ever observed, offering
unprecedented clarity into the early universe.
 Located in a galaxy with a supermassive black hole, this quasar outshines the Sun by over 500 trillion times and
expands at an extraordinary rate, absorbing one solar mass per day.
 Situated more than 12 billion light-years away, J0529-4351's light provides a snapshot of cosmic conditions billions
of years ago, with its vast accretion disk spanning seven light-years.

Japan's JAXA Ends Operations of "Moon Sniper" Lander, SLIM

 Japan's space agency, JAXA, has officially concluded operations of its lunar lander, the Smart Lander for Investigating
Moon (SLIM), also known as the "Moon Sniper," after unsuccessful attempts to reestablish communication.
 Launched as a small-scale lunar lander, SLIM was designed for high-precision landings to enhance understanding of
the Moon's origins and test technologies for low-gravity exploration.

168
 Despite achieving a soft landing on the Moon in January 2024, which marked Japan as the fifth country to accomplish
this, subsequent communication failures led to the cessation of its mission. This event follows other successful lunar
landing by nations like India, Russia, the USA, and China.

Scientists at JILA Near Completion of World's First Nuclear Clock

 Researchers at JILA, a joint institute of the University of Colorado Boulder and the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST), are on the verge of developing the world’s first nuclear clock.
 Unlike atomic clocks, which measure time based on atomic vibrations, nuclear clocks will measure energy changes
within an atom's nucleus, promising even greater accuracy.

DRDO and Indian Navy Successfully Test Vertical Launch Short Range Surface-to-Air Missile (VL-SRSAM)
 The Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Navy have successfully flight-tested the
Vertical Launch Short Range Surface-to-Air Missile (VL-SRSAM) at the Integrated Test Range in Chandipur, Odisha.
 The missile, launched from a land-based vertical launcher, accurately intercepted a high-speed aerial target,
demonstrating its capability to defend against airborne threats.

Indian Immunologicals and ICMR Collaborate to Develop India's First Zika Virus Vaccine
 Indian Immunologicals Limited (IIL) has partnered with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to develop
India's first Zika virus vaccine. The Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) outlines plans for phase I clinical trials, funded
by ICMR, to test the vaccine’s safety and efficacy at four key locations in India, including ACTREC Mumbai and PGIMER
Chandigarh.
 IIL is also collaborating with Griffith University, Australia, and has completed pre-clinical tests. Besides Zika, IIL is
working on vaccines for Kyasanur Forest Disease, Chikungunya, and a SARS-CoV-2 nasal booster. The Zika virus,
primarily spread by mosquitoes, currently has no licensed vaccine, making this development crucial for public health.

Asteroid 2024 PT5: Earth’s Temporary Mini-Moon from September to November 2024
 From September 29 to November 25, 2024, Earth will gain a temporary companion—a mini-moon named asteroid
2024 PT5.
 This small asteroid, about 10 meters in size, will be captured by Earth’s gravity, briefly orbiting alongside our
permanent Moon.
 Discovered by NASA’s ATLAS program, this mini-moon will follow a unique horseshoe-shaped orbit before moving
away.

India Prepares for Historic Axiom-4 Mission in 2025

 In 2025, India will mark a significant milestone in space exploration with Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla piloting
the Axiom-4 (Ax-4) mission, which will be India’s first human presence on the International Space Station (ISS) and
the second government-sponsored human spaceflight following Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma's mission in 1984.
 This collaboration with Axiom Space, announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his U.S. visit, aims to
advance India’s capabilities in human spaceflight. Shubhanshu Shukla, alongside Group Captain Prashanth Nair, will
join an international crew led by veteran astronaut Peggy Whitson.

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Sanjeev Raina Appointed as ADG of ITBP, Overseeing Forces Along India-China LAC
 Sanjeev Raina, a senior officer from the 1987 ITBP batch, has been appointed as the Additional Director General (ADG)
of the Indo-Tibetan Border Police, tasked with overseeing forces along the critical India-China Line of Actual Control
(LAC).

169
 Notably, Raina is only the second non-IPS officer to achieve this rank within the ITBP. Raina's tenure will be brief, as
he is set to retire in over a month, succeeded by IG Jaspal Singh.

B Srinivasan Appointed as New Director General of National Security Guard

 The Indian government has appointed B Srinivasan as the new Director General of the National Security Guard (NSG),
succeeding Nalin Prabhat who has been reassigned as the Special Director General of Jammu and Kashmir Police.
 A 1992 batch IPS officer from Bihar, Srinivasan will lead the elite counter-terrorism unit until his retirement in August
2027.

Apple Names Kevan Parekh as New CFO, Effective January 2025

 Apple has announced Kevan Parekh as its next Chief Financial Officer, set to take over from Luca Maestri on January
1, 2025. Parekh, an experienced electrical engineer with an extensive background in financial management at
companies like Thomson Reuters and General Motors, has been with Apple for over a decade.
 This leadership transition reflects Apple's strategic continuity and Parekh's growing influence within the company.
His promotion also underscores the notable rise of Indian-origin executives in leading global firms.

TV Somanathan Appointed as New Cabinet Secretary of India Following Rajiv Gauba’s Retirement
 TV Somanathan, a seasoned IAS officer from the 1987 Tamil Nadu cadre, has been appointed as India’s new Cabinet
Secretary on August 10, 2024, following the retirement of Rajiv Gauba, who served in the position for five years.
 Somanathan, previously the Union Finance Secretary, brings a wealth of experience in finance and administration,
having held prominent roles, including Joint Secretary in the Prime Minister's Office and Director for Corporate Affairs
at the World Bank.

Amrit Mohan Prasad Appointed New Director General of Sashastra Seema Bal
 Amrit Mohan Prasad, an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer from the Odisha cadre, has been appointed as the Director
General (DG) of the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB), as approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet. Prasad
previously served as the Special Director General of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF).

Jordan Appoints Jafar Hassan as New Prime Minister Following Elections

 King Abdullah II of Jordan has appointed Jafar Hassan as the new Prime Minister, succeeding Bisher Al-Khasawneh.
Jafar Hassan, previously the head of the King's office and a former planning minister, holds a Ph.D. in political science
from the University of Geneva and a master's degree from Harvard.

Atishi Marlena Appointed as New Chief Minister of Delhi Following Kejriwal's Resignation
 Arvind Kejriwal has resigned as Chief Minister of Delhi, paving the way for Atishi Marlena to take over leadership of
the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP).
 Born into an academic family, Atishi is an alumnus of St. Stephen’s College and has pursued further studies at Oxford
University on prestigious scholarships.
 In 2018, she dropped "Marlena" from her public name to focus on her professional identity as a leader in social work
and education.

170
BOOKS & AUTHORS
Tarun Chugh’s Book "Modi’s Governance Triumph" Released in New Delhi
 BJP General Secretary Tarun Chugh's book, Modi’s Governance Triumph: Reshaping India’s Path to Prosperity, was
launched in New Delhi, attended by Home Minister Amit Shah and Coal Minister G. Kishan Reddy.
 The book analyzes key initiatives like Make in India and GST, highlighting Modi's policies on poverty alleviation,
economic disparity, and national security. It also delves into the Atmanirbhar Bharat vision, challenges faced by the
administration, and the ambitious outlook for India's future as a global power by 2047.

Dr. Kalpana Sankar’s Autobiography Unveiled, Celebrating Women’s Empowerment

 Dr. Kalpana Sankar’s autobiography, The Scientist Entrepreneur: Empowering Millions of Women, was launched at an
event on Cathedral Road.
 The book highlights grassroots initiatives fostering women’s economic empowerment through microfinance. Dr.
Soumya Swaminathan, chairperson of MS Swaminathan Research Foundation, released the book, while other notable
figures like Zoho's Sridhar Vembu and actor Anu Hasan participated. Dr. Swaminathan praised NGOs like Hand in
Hand India, co-founded by Dr. Sankar, for bridging gaps between government programs and community needs,
offering inspiration to aspiring social entrepreneurs.

IAF Chief Launches Comic Book Series Celebrating Air Force Heroes
 Air Chief Marshal V R Chaudhari launched the first comic book in a series highlighting the Indian Air Force's rich
history and heroic deeds. Aimed at inspiring youth, the book features stories of Marshal of the Air Force Arjan Singh
DFC and the 1971 Battle of Boyra. It also provides career information for aspiring IAF personnel.
 The comic will be freely distributed during induction drives, with a digital version releasing on Air Force Day, October
8. This initiative bridges generational gaps and promotes Air Force careers through engaging storytelling.

Governor of Tamil Nadu Unveils "Sri Rama in Tamilagam – An Inseparable Bond"

 Thiru. R.N. Ravi, Governor of Tamil Nadu, presided over the release of Sri Rama in Tamilagam – An Inseparable Bond,
authored by Dr. D.K. Hari and Dr. D.K. Hema Hari. The book explores Lord Rama's deep-rooted connection with
Tamilagam (now Tamil Nadu), portraying the region as a living heritage of the Ramayana. It highlights temples as
stone renditions of the epic and emphasizes the cultural unity between North and South India.

Piyush Goyal Launches ‘India@100’ by Prof. K V Subramanian

 Union Minister Piyush Goyal launched India@100: Envisioning Tomorrow’s Economic Powerhouse, authored by Prof. K
V Subramanian, in New Delhi. During the event, Goyal emphasized India's potential to achieve Viksit Bharat
(Developed India) by 2047 through the collective efforts of its 1.4 billion citizens. He highlighted advancements across
sectors like infrastructure, employment, tourism, manufacturing, shipping, and technology as key drivers in
transforming India into a global economic powerhouse.

IMPORTANT DAYS
September 10, 2024, World Suicide Prevention Day
 On September 10, 2024, the world will observe World Suicide Prevention Day, focusing on raising awareness about
suicide prevention and reducing stigma surrounding mental health. Organized by the International Association for
Suicide Prevention (IASP) in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), the event aims to inspire
action, educate the public, and offer hope. The theme for World Suicide Prevention Day 2024-2026 is “Changing the
Narrative on Suicide” with the call to action “Start the Conversation”.

171
 The International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) first established World Suicide Prevention Day in 2003.
National Suicide Prevention Strategy (NSPS) launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2022, the NSPS
is India's first suicide prevention policy aimed at reducing suicide mortality by 10% by 2030.

August 26, 2024: 114th Birth Anniversary of Mother Teresa

Celebrating the Legacy of Compassion and Service
 August 26, 2024, marks the 114th birth anniversary of Mother Teresa, born in 1910 in Albania. Revered globally for
her humanitarian work, she founded the Missionaries of Charity in 1950 to serve the poorest of the poor. Her selfless
service earned her numerous accolades, including the Nobel Peace Prize and India’s Bharat Ratna.

August 29: International Day Against Nuclear Tests

 On August 29, the world observes the International Day Against Nuclear Tests, a reminder of the devastating effects
of over 2,000 nuclear tests since 1945.
 Established by a UN resolution in 2009, the day marks the closure of Kazakhstan's Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test site in
1991, a pivotal moment in the anti-nuclear movement.

August 25-29, 2024: World Water Week

 The Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) is organising World Water Week 2024 from August 25-29,
focusing on the theme “Bridging Borders: Water for a Peaceful and Sustainable Future.” This annual event, held since
1991, highlights the global interconnectivity of water issues and emphasises cooperation to tackle challenges related
to water security, food, nutrition, and ecosystem health.

India Water Week 2024: A Focus on Water Conservation

 President Droupadi Murmu inaugurated the 8th India Water Week in New Delhi from September 17 to 20, 2024,
bringing together Union Ministers, international representatives, and experts to emphasize the significance of water
conservation. The event featured 18 sessions promoting discussions on effective water management strategies,
alongside a “Jal Bharo” ceremony symbolizing the need to protect this vital resource. The event celebrated grassroots
initiatives, featuring stories from “Water Warriors” Ujiaro Bai and Lakmen Mary Nongkhlaw.

August 20, 2024: Sadbhavna Diwas

 Sadbhavna Diwas, first observed on August 20, 1992, commemorates Rajiv Gandhi, India's youngest Prime Minister,
known for promoting national unity and communal harmony.
 The day highlights his vision of a modern, inclusive India by encouraging peaceful coexistence, social justice, and
national integration.
 The 2024 observance reinforces the importance of civic responsibility and tolerance, with citizens taking a pledge to
foster goodwill and resolve differences peacefully through dialogue and constitutional means

August 20: World Mosquito Day

 World Mosquito Day is observed annually on August 20 to honour Sir Ronald Ross, who in 1897 uncovered the
connection between mosquitoes and malaria transmission.
 Ross's research, conducted in Secunderabad, India, identified the female Anopheles mosquito as the vector for the
Plasmodium parasite, responsible for spreading malaria. This groundbreaking discovery transformed public health
efforts, particularly in regions affected by mosquito-borne diseases, and earned Ross the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine in 1902.

172
September 1-7: National Nutrition Week (Rashtriya Poshan Maah)
 National Nutrition Week, observed annually from September 1 to September 7 in India, focuses on the significance of
a nutritious diet for physical and mental well-being. First observed in 1982, it promotes awareness about the dangers
of fast food and encourages healthy eating habits.
 Originally initiated by the American Dietetic Association in 1975, India adopted this observance to spread knowledge
about nutrition’s role in longevity and vitality. The 2023 theme, “Healthy Diet Gawing Affordable for All,” as per
UNICEF, emphasises making nutritious food accessible to everyone.

September 5: Teachers' Day (India)

 Teachers' Day in India, celebrated on September 5, commemorates the birth anniversary of Dr. Sarvepalli
Radhakrishnan, India's second President, scholar, and educationist. The day recognizes the pivotal role teachers play
in shaping society and future generations.
 Dr. Radhakrishnan believed in the transformative power of education, and this day is marked by events and activities
in schools and institutions to honour teachers.

September 8: International Literacy Day

 International Literacy Day, celebrated annually on September 8 since 1967, highlights the transformative power of
literacy in building inclusive and resilient societies. Established by UNESCO, this day addresses the challenges of
illiteracy and advocates for accessible education.
 The 2024 theme, “Promoting Multilingual Education: Literacy for Mutual Understanding and Peace,”
emphasises the role of multilingualism in fostering communication and social cohesion.

September 14: Hindi Day (Hindi Diwas)

 Hindi Day is celebrated on September 14 to commemorate the adoption of Hindi as India's official language by the
Constituent Assembly in 1949. The day, suggested by Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru, highlights the significance and
prestige of the Hindi language, symbolising the country's cultural unity.
 Schools and institutions across India organise events like essay writing, debates, and Hindi typing competitions to
inspire people towards Hindi. In addition to Hindi Day, January 10 is observed as World Hindi Day, celebrating the
global importance of the language.

September 15: National Engineer’s Day (India)

 National Engineer’s Day is celebrated on September 15 in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Sir
Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya, the Father of Indian Engineering. First observed in 1968, this day highlights his
pivotal contributions to modern infrastructure, including the invention of automatic floodgates and advanced
irrigation techniques. As India’s 19th Diwan of Mysore, Sir MV is known for transforming the region and was awarded
the Bharat Ratna in 1955.

September 15: International Day of Democracy

 The International Day of Democracy, observed annually on September 15, promotes the universal value of democracy
and assesses its global state. It emphasizes that democracy is built on the will of the people, requiring active
participation from individuals, governments, and civil society.
 Democracy safeguards human rights, supports equality, freedom, and dignity, and relies on periodic elections by
universal suffrage. This day serves as a reminder that democracy is not a singular goal, but an ongoing process that
evolves with the active involvement of its citizens.

September 16: World Ozone Day

 World Ozone Day, observed on September 16 annually, commemorates the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1987,
a global agreement to protect the ozone layer by reducing the use of ozone-depleting substances.

173
 The 2024 theme, “Montreal Protocol: Advancing Climate Action". The ozone layer, vital for shielding life on Earth from
harmful ultraviolet radiation, has been gradually healing, with projections for full recovery in mid-latitudes by the
2030s and in polar regions by 2060.

OBITUARIES
Rakesh Pal, Director General of the Indian Coast Guard
 Rakesh Pal, who served as the 25th Director General of the Indian Coast Guard, passed away at the age of 59 due to a
severe cardiac arrest in Chennai. He was in the city to attend a Coast Guard event led by Defence Minister Rajnath
Singh.
 Pal, a flag officer from Uttar Pradesh, joined the Indian Coast Guard in January 1989 after attending the Indian Naval
Academy. Over his 34-year career, he played a crucial role in modernizing the Coast Guard, earning the Vishist Seva
medal for his contributions. He became Director General in July 2023, leading the maritime law enforcement agency
which operates under the Ministry of Defence.

Maria Branyas Morera, World’s Oldest Person

 Maria Branyas Morera, the world’s oldest person at 117 years old, has passed away. Born in San Francisco in 1907,
she lived through two world wars and spent her last two decades in a nursing home in Olot, Spain.
 Officially recognized by Guinness World Records in January 2023, Maria was known for her sharp mind, fondly
recalling childhood memories despite age-related mobility and hearing issues.

General Sundararajan Padmanabhan, Former Chief of Army Staff

 General Sundararajan Padmanabhan, the 20th Chief of Army Staff, passed away at the age of 83 in Chennai due to age-
related ailments. Cremated with full military honours, he was born in Thiruvananthapuram in 1940 and had an
exemplary career after being commissioned into the Regiment of Artillery in 1959.
 Known for his strategic leadership, General Padmanabhan commanded multiple key units and was integral in counter-
terrorism operations in Kashmir. Affectionately called "Paddy," he led the Indian Army during ‘Operation PARAKRAM’
and was an Honorary ADC to the President of India. He retired in 2002 after 43 years of service.

Dr. Ram Narain Agarwal, Renowned Indian Scientist and ‘Father of Agni Missiles’
 Dr. Ram Narain Agarwal, a pioneering figure in India’s missile program, passed away at the age of 84 in Hyderabad.
Fondly known as the 'Father of Agni Missiles,' Dr. Agarwal's revolutionary contributions spanned over 22 years in
defence research, where he collaborated with luminaries like Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam.
 He played a crucial role in developing missile technologies such as re-entry systems, heat shields, and guidance
systems. His leadership in the Agni missile program, especially Agni V, significantly boosted India's strategic defence
capabilities. Dr. Agarwal also founded the Advanced Systems Laboratory (ASL), leaving behind a legacy of innovation
and excellence in missile technology. He was honoured with several prestigious awards, including the Padma Shri,
Padma Bhushan, and Lifetime Achievement Award.

Aruna Vasudev, ‘Mother of Asian Cinema’

 Aruna Vasudev, an eminent Indian film scholar and critic known as the 'Mother of Asian Cinema,' passed away at the
age of 88. A passionate advocate for Asian films, Aruna championed Indian and Asian cinema on the global stage,
fostering interest and scholarship worldwide.
 She was the founding editor of Cinemaya and the creator of NETPAC, dedicated to promoting Asian cinema. Known
for her warmth and authority, Aruna was a fixture at national and international film festivals. Among her many
accolades were the Officier des Arts et des Lettres and the Satyajit Ray Memorial Award by FIPRESCI India.

174
Death of Māori King Marks End of an Era in New Zealand
 Kiingi Tuheitia Pootatau Te Wherowhero VII, the Māori King, passed away shortly after celebrating 18 years of
leadership. He was the seventh monarch of the Kiingitanga movement, initiated in 1858 to unify New Zealand's
indigenous Māori tribes against British colonisation.
 The movement aimed to halt land sales to non-indigenous people and cease inter-tribal conflicts. Throughout New
Zealand’s history, significant clashes like the Wairau Valley incident and the Waikato War marked the struggle
between Māori and European settlers for land and sovereignty.

RANKING
Global Air Quality Study Reveals Life Expectancy Gains from Pollution Reduction
 The 2024 Air Quality Life Index by the University of Chicago highlights a critical global health issue: reducing PM2.5
levels to WHO standards could extend global life expectancy by 14.9 billion years. In India, over 40% of the population
breathes air that surpasses the national standard of 40 µg/m³, with potential gains of 1.9 additional years per person
if WHO guidelines are met.
 The report stresses uneven pollution distribution, with severe impacts in regions like South Asia and significant
improvements in countries like the US and China through rigorous policies. Compliance remains a challenge globally,
affecting life expectancy and health.

Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Named Best Airport for Third Consecutive Year
 Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA) in Hyderabad has clinched the title of Best Airport at the India Travel
Awards for the third consecutive year, underscoring its commitment to superior passenger service.
 This accolade, complemented by the Skytrax award for ‘Best Airport Staff in India & South Asia 2024,’ highlights RGIA's
consistent quality and its pivotal role in positioning Hyderabad as a key hub in South Asian air travel.

NHPC, SJVN, and RailTel Attain Prestigious Navratna Status, Expanding Investment Autonomy
 NHPC, SJVN, and RailTel have been awarded Navratna status by the Government of India, marking a significant
milestone for these public sector enterprises.
 This recognition, previously held by 17 companies, allows them greater operational freedom, including investment
autonomy of up to ₹1,000 crore per project. The status, earned through strong financial performance and high MoU
ratings, enables these companies to form joint ventures, set up subsidiaries abroad, and invest further in their sectors.

Telangana, Tamil Nadu, and Rajasthan Emerge as Fastest-Growing Large States in India
 The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has recognized Telangana, Tamil Nadu, and
Rajasthan as the fastest-growing large states in India, with each surpassing the national average GDP growth of 8.2%.
 Telangana led the way with a 9.2% growth, reaching a GSDP of ₹7.9 lakh crore, followed by Tamil Nadu at 8.2% (₹15.7
lakh crore), and Rajasthan at 8%.

India Achieves Tier 1 Status in Global Cybersecurity Index 2024, Ranking Among World's Best
 India has achieved Tier 1 status in the Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) 2024, a recognition of its commitment to
building a robust cybersecurity infrastructure.
 The GCI, developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), evaluates countries based on legal, technical,
organisational, capacity development, and cooperative measures to ensure online security. India’s impressive score
of 98.49 reflects its strong legal framework, such as the Information Technology Act (2000) and the Digital Personal
Data Protection Bill (2022), placing it among the top 47 nations globally for cybersecurity practices.

Amul Named World's Strongest Food Brand in 2024

 Amul has been named the world’s strongest food brand in Brand Finance's Global Food & Drinks Report 2024. With a
Brand Strength Index (BSI) score of 91 and a valuation of $3.3 billion, Amul saw an 11% rise in brand value.

175
 Its dominance in India’s dairy market and strong metrics in familiarity and recommendation contributed to its AAA+
rating. Hershey’s, with a $3.9 billion valuation, took second place. Despite a 4% drop in the broader food sector’s brand
value, Amul continues to thrive.

Mumbai, Delhi Rank Among Top 3 Cities Globally for Prime Residential Price Growth
 According to Knight Frank's report, Mumbai and Delhi ranked second and third globally for annual price rise in prime
residential properties in the June 2024 quarter. Mumbai saw a 13% increase, up from 6th place a year ago, while New
Delhi jumped from 26th to third with a 10.6% rise.
 Bengaluru ranked 15th with a 3.7% increase. Globally, Manila topped the list with a 26% rise, while Los Angeles and
Miami ranked 4th and 5th. Cities like Vienna and Bangkok saw declines, with Wellington ranking last.

Mumbai Named Billionaire Capital of Asia in Hurun India Rich List 2024
 The Hurun India Rich List 2024 has named Mumbai as Asia’s new billionaire capital, surpassing Beijing. Mumbai now
hosts 386 billionaires, up by 58, with a total wealth of $445 billion. This positions Mumbai third globally behind New
York (119) and London (97). Delhi ranks second in India with 217 billionaires, while Hyderabad (104) overtakes
Bengaluru (100).
 Mumbai’s rise is attributed to its robust financial sector and entrepreneurial ecosystem. Beijing's decline, with 18
fewer billionaires, reflects broader economic challenges in China.

India’s Influence Shines in TIME100 Most Influential People in AI 2024 List

 The TIME100 Most Influential People in AI 2024 list highlights India’s growing presence in the global AI landscape.
 Sundar Pichai, CEO of Google, and Ashwini Vaishnaw, India’s Minister of Electronics and Information Technology, lead
Indian representation. Tech leaders like Satya Nadella, Nandan Nilekani, and innovators such as Rohit Prasad and
Aravind Srinivas showcase India’s impact in driving AI innovation.
 The list also includes thought leaders like Amba Kak and Amandeep Singh Gill, reflecting India’s role in shaping AI
ethics and policy globally.

Switzerland Tops "Best Countries for 2024" Survey for Third Consecutive Year
 In the “Best Countries for 2024” survey, Switzerland ranked as the best country for the third year in a row, out of 89
countries.
 The survey, which assessed categories like adventure, entrepreneurship, and quality of life, saw European countries
dominate the top 25. Switzerland was followed by Japan, the USA, Canada, and Australia.
 India ranked 33rd, dropping three spots from last year, performing best in the "movers" and heritage categories, but
scoring low in social purpose and adventure. The UAE and Qatar were the only Middle Eastern countries in the top 25.

Indian Companies Shine in TIME World’s Best Companies of 2024

 TIME’s World’s Best Companies of 2024 list features 22 Indian-born enterprises, highlighting their global influence.
 HCLTech leads Indian companies, ranking 112th globally, followed by Infosys (119th) and Wipro (134th). Sectors
such as technology, banking, manufacturing, and energy are well-represented, with Mahindra Group, Reliance
Industries, and ICICI Bank also featured.
 The rankings, based on employee satisfaction, revenue growth, and sustainability, underscore India's economic
diversity and global competitiveness.

Cristiano Ronaldo Reaches 1 Billion Followers Across Social Media

 Cristiano Ronaldo has become the first person in the world to surpass 1 billion followers across various social media
platforms, highlighting his unparalleled global appeal. Here's a breakdown of his follower count:
o Instagram: 638 million
o Facebook: 170 million

176
o X (formerly Twitter): 113 million
o YouTube: 60.6 million

India Rises to Tier 1 in Global Cybersecurity Index 2024

 India has ascended to Tier 1 in the Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) 2024, released by the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU), recognizing its strong commitment to cybersecurity.
 Ranked with a score of 98.49, India is one of 47 countries in Tier 1, excelling in five assessment pillars: Legal
Measures, Technical Measures, Organisational Measures, Capacity Development, and Cooperation. India's
cybersecurity success is driven by robust legal frameworks, including the Information Technology Act and the
Digital Personal Data Protection Bill (2022).

SPORTS
Vithya Ramraj Shatters P.T. Usha’s 39-Year-Old Record at the 63rd National Open Athletics Championships
 At the National Open Athletics Championships in Bengaluru, Vithya Ramraj broke a nearly four-decade-old Indian
record in the women's 400m hurdles, previously held by the iconic P.T. Usha. Ramraj clocked in at 56.23 seconds,
besting Usha's 1985 record of 56.80 seconds.
 This historic achievement underscores a significant moment in Indian athletics, spotlighting Ramraj’s rising
prominence. The event also witnessed standout performances across various disciplines, with Tamil Nadu's Nithin
breaking the men’s 200m meet record. Ancy Sojan earned the best woman athlete title with a remarkable long jump
of 6.71 metres.

Scotland to Host Commonwealth Games 2026 After Victoria's Withdrawal

 Scotland will host the Commonwealth Games in 2026 after Victoria, Australia, withdrew due to rising costs, which
were later found to be overstated.
 Glasgow, which previously hosted the Games in 2014, will welcome athletes again but on a smaller scale. The Scottish
government has pledged to host the event without requiring extra public funds, with the Commonwealth Games
Federation providing £20 million, including £5 million for facility upgrades.

Women's T20 World Cup 2024 Relocated from Bangladesh to UAE Due to Safety Concerns
 The ICC has announced the relocation of the 2024 Women's T20 World Cup from Bangladesh to the UAE, set to take
place from October 3 to 20 in Dubai and Sharjah.
 Political unrest in Bangladesh, following Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s resignation and ongoing turmoil, led to safety
concerns and travel advisories from several participating nations.

Jannik Sinner and Aryna Sabalenka Win First Cincinnati Open Titles
 Top-ranked Jannik Sinner and women’s No. 2 Aryna Sabalenka claimed their first Cincinnati Open titles with straight-
set victories. Sabalenka defeated Jessica Pegula 6-3, 7-5, securing her 15th WTA title, while Sinner triumphed over
Frances Tiafoe 7-6 (4), 6-2, becoming the youngest Cincinnati champion since Andy Murray in 2008.
 Sabalenka’s win reinforces her as a U.S. Open contender despite recent injuries, while Sinner looks forward to the U.S.
Open after his milestone victory. Tiafoe and Pegula faced challenges in their respective finals, with errors and fatigue
contributing to their defeats.

Neeraj Chopra Secures Second Place at Lausanne Diamond League with Season's Best Throw
 Neeraj Chopra, India’s star javelin thrower, claimed a second-place finish at the Lausanne Diamond League,
showcasing his resilience.
 Despite initial struggles, Chopra surged in the final rounds, delivering an 89.49m throw in the sixth round—his
season’s best, surpassing his Paris Olympics throw. Grenada’s Anderson Peters won gold with a 90.61m throw, while

177
Germany's Julian Weber secured bronze. Battling a groin injury, Chopra’s performance earned him 15 points in the
Diamond League standings, tying him for third place.

Diana Pundole Becomes First Indian Woman to Win National Car Racing Championship
 Diana Pundole, a teacher and mother from Pune, made history by becoming the first Indian woman to win the national
championship in the saloon category at the MRF Indian National Car Racing Championship 2024 in Chennai.
 Achieving this milestone on her birthday weekend, Diana overcame personal and societal challenges in a male-
dominated sport. Her racing career, fueled by a lifelong passion, includes competing internationally at prestigious
tracks like Dubai Autodrome and Hockenheimring.

Lando Norris Triumphs at Dutch Grand Prix, Secures Second Career Win
 Lando Norris delivered an exceptional performance at the Dutch Grand Prix, claiming his second career victory with
a commanding lead over Max Verstappen. Despite losing the lead early, Norris executed a decisive overtake to regain
control, finishing over 20 seconds ahead of Verstappen, who had to settle for second on home turf. Ferrari’s Charles
Leclerc secured third place, marking a strong result for the team. McLaren enjoyed mixed fortunes with Oscar Piastri
finishing fourth, while Carlos Sainz earned fifth for Ferrari.

Avani Lekhara Creates History with Second Paralympic Gold

 Para shooter Avani Lekhara made history on August 30 by becoming the first Indian woman to win two Paralympic
gold medals. She retained her title in the women's 10m air rifle standing SH1 event at the Paris 2024 Paralympics,
setting a new Paralympic record with a score of 249.7.
 This victory adds to her gold and bronze from the Tokyo 2020 Paralympics, making her the second Indian Paralympian
after Devendra Jhajharia to win multiple golds. Avani’s accolades include the Khel Ratna Award and Padma Shri for
her contributions to Indian sports.

Lord’s to Host ICC World Test Championship Final in 2025

 The iconic Lord’s Cricket Ground in London will host the final of the ICC World Test Championship (WTC) from June
11 to June 15, 2025, marking the first time the "Home of Cricket" will stage this prestigious event.
 Previously, the WTC finals were held at Southampton's Ageas Bowl in 2021 and The Oval in 2023, where New Zealand
and Australia emerged victorious. Lord’s, steeped in cricketing tradition, will now witness the battle between the top
two teams from the ongoing WTC cycle, with June 16 reserved for potential interruptions.

Siddhartha Aggarwal Becomes Oldest Indian to Swim Solo Across English Channel
 On August 29, 49-year-old Siddhartha Aggarwal from Bengaluru became the oldest Indian to swim solo across the
English Channel, completing the 42 km swim in 15 hours and six minutes. His achievement surpasses the previous
record set by Srikaanth Viswanathan at age 46.
 Aggarwal’s journey began in 2018 with a relay swim across the Channel, and after 15 months of rigorous training
under coach Satish Kumar, he accomplished this solo feat despite challenging tides and winds. His remarkable
dedication serves as an inspiration for swimmers of all ages.

India Announces Bid for 2030 Youth Olympics at OCA General Assembly
 India's Union Minister of Youth Affairs & Sports, Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, announced India's bid to host the 2030
Youth Olympics at the Olympic Council of Asia's (OCA) 44th General Assembly on September 8, 2024.
 Competing against countries like Peru, Mexico, and Thailand, this bid aligns with India’s long-term goal of hosting the
2036 Olympics. Dr. Mandaviya highlighted India's sports initiatives, such as the ‘Khelo India’ scheme and the ‘Target
Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS)’, which have significantly boosted the country’s sports infrastructure and athlete
development. The ASMITA program, promoting women's participation in sports, was also spotlighted.

178
Jannik Sinner Wins U.S. Open, Securing His Second Grand Slam Title
 World No. 1 Jannik Sinner clinched his second Grand Slam title at the U.S. Open, defeating Taylor Fritz in a commanding
final. Despite being cleared of a doping controversy just before the tournament, Sinner overcame doubts and delivered
a dominant performance, showcasing his powerful baseline game.
 His victory not only reaffirmed his top ranking but also ended a long Grand Slam drought for American men, with the
last U.S. winner being Andy Roddick in 2003. Fritz, playing in his first Grand Slam final, fell short but remains optimistic
about his future in the sport.

Saleema Imtiaz Becomes First Pakistani Woman Nominated to ICC Development Umpires Panel
 Saleema Imtiaz has made history as the first Pakistani woman to be nominated to the ICC International Panel of
Development Umpires, as announced by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB). Imtiaz, who began her umpiring career
with the PCB women’s panel in 2008, has officiated in notable events like the 2022 Asia Cup and the 2023 ACC
Emerging Women’s Cup.
 With 22 T20Is under her belt, her nomination allows her to officiate in women’s bilateral international matches and
ICC events. Imtiaz’s achievement symbolises a growing influence of women in cricket and the PCB's commitment to
gender development in the sport.

India Clinches Fifth Men’s Asian Champions Trophy Title with Jugraj Singh’s Winning Goal
 India’s Men’s Hockey Team secured their fifth Asian Champions Trophy title in 2024 by defeating hosts China 1-0 in a
tense final. Jugraj Singh scored the decisive goal with an assist from Harmanpreet Singh, breaking the deadlock after
China’s strong defensive effort in the first half. India dominated possession but faced challenges from China’s
counterattacks, keeping the scoreboard at 0-0 until Jugraj’s second-half strike secured the win.

Awards of the Tournament:

 Top Goal Scorer: Yang Jihun (Korea) – 9 Goals
 Promising Goalkeeper: Kim Jaehan (Korea)
 Best Goalkeeper: Wang Caiyu (China)
 Rising Star: Hanan Shahid (Pakistan)
 Player of the Tournament: Harmanpreet Singh (India)
Third Place: Pakistan defeated South Korea 5-2 to claim third place.
India now holds the record for the most Asian Champions Trophy titles, with five wins.

SUMMIT’S & MOU’S

India Hosts 3rd Voice of Global South Summit
 On August 17th, 2024, India hosted the 3rd Voice of Global South Summit (VOGSS) in a virtual format, under the theme
"An Empowered Global South for a Sustainable Future". The summit saw participation from 123 countries, with
notable absences being China and Pakistan.
 This event, part of an ongoing series that began in January 2023, aims to provide a platform for developing nations to
address global challenges like the COVID pandemic, Ukraine conflict, and issues of debt, food, and energy security.
 The summit highlighted India's commitment to fostering global cooperation, emphasising initiatives like a USD 2.5
million fund for trade promotion and a USD 1 million fund for building trade policy capacity.

INDUS-X Summit 2024: Boosting US-India Defense Collaboration at Stanford University

 Scheduled for September 9-10, 2024, at Stanford University, the third edition of the INDUS-X Summit aims to deepen
US-India cooperation in defence technology and innovation.
 This strategic event will convene key leaders, including former U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, alongside
policymakers, venture capitalists, and academics from both nations. The summit’s focus is on harnessing private

179
investment to enhance the cross-border defence innovation ecosystem, continuing the momentum from its inception
in June 2023.

India and South Africa Sign Agreement to Boost Submarine Rescue Capabilities
 On September 4, 2024, the Indian and South African navies formalised an agreement to enhance submarine rescue
support, ensuring South African submarine crew safety during emergencies.
 The agreement grants South Africa access to India's Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle (DSRV), capable of rescuing
submariners from depths of up to 650 metres. This partnership, initiated after a 2023 accident that claimed the lives
of three South African navy members, reflects a commitment to maritime safety.

India and Malaysia Sign MoU on Public Administration and Governance Reforms
 The Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) of India and the Public Service
Department of Malaysia signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on August 20, 2024, for cooperation in public
administration and governance reforms.
 This five-year agreement focuses on citizen-centric services, e-governance, transparency, and public grievance
redress mechanisms. The MoU was exchanged during a ceremonial function attended by Indian Prime Minister
Narendra Modi and Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Bin Ibrahim at Hyderabad House, New Delhi.

Tata Power Solar Systems Ltd Signs Financing Agreement with ICICI Bank
 Tata Power Solar Systems Ltd (TPSSL) has partnered with ICICI Bank to offer loans for solar unit financing to
residential and corporate customers. Customers can avail loans up to Rs 90 lakh, with collateral-free options and
repayment tenures of up to 5 years.
 Additionally, higher loan amounts with collaterals are available for up to 20-year tenures. This initiative, part of
TPSSL's efforts to expand solar energy adoption, is set to make solar panel purchases more accessible to a broader
customer base.

BANKING & ECONOMY

Indian Government Launches BHASKAR Platform to Boost Startup Ecosystem
 The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) has launched BHASKAR (Bharat Startup
Knowledge Access Registry), a digital platform under the Startup India programme to strengthen India's startup
ecosystem.
 BHASKAR aims to provide startups, investors, mentors, and service providers with essential resources, enabling
better networking, collaboration, and growth opportunities.

RBI Reports Significant Decline in Outward Remittances Amid Economic Uncertainties

 According to recent data from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), there has been a significant decrease in outward
remittances under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS), with figures dropping from USD 3.890 billion in June
2023 to USD 2.181 billion in June 2024, marking a 43.93% decline.
 The reduction has been influenced by global economic uncertainties and the introduction of a 20% Tax Collection at
Source (TCS) on overseas tour packages, which has particularly affected remittances for travel, previously over 50%
of total outflows.
 This tax adjustment aligns with the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 regulations, underscoring a shift
towards tighter fiscal oversight amidst economic shifts.

180
54th GST Council Meeting Proposes Tax Cuts on Cancer Drugs and Health Insurance, Considers Adjustments for
Other Goods
 The 54th Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council meeting, chaired by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in New
Delhi, focused on reducing tax rates for essential items such as cancer drugs, health insurance, and savoury snacks.
 Key cancer drugs like Trastuzumab Deruxtecan and Osimertinib may see GST reductions from 12% to 5%, easing
treatment costs for patients.

2024-25 Budget Boosts Women-Led Development with Historic Funding Allocations

 The 2024-25 Indian budget prioritises women-led development, with the Gender Budget Statement (GBS) exceeding
₹3 lakh crore, accounting for 1% of GDP—a first. Pro-women allocations now represent 6.8% of the total budget, up
from 5%.
 The new Part C in the GBS includes schemes like PM Kisan, supporting initiatives with at least 30% funding for women,
while established women-specific programs like SAMARTHYA continue under Part A, highlighting a significant
increase in funding dedicated to enhancing women's roles in development.

Bandhan Bank Launches Avni, a Women-Focused Savings Account

 On August 22, 2024, Bandhan Bank introduced the Avni Savings Account for women, featuring benefits like free
airport lounge access, ₹10 lakh personal accident insurance, and a ₹3.5 lakh lost card liability.
 It requires a ₹25,000 minimum average quarterly balance. Accompanied by the Bandhan Bank Delights loyalty
program, users can earn and redeem points for rewards across various categories.

RBI Updates e-Mandate Framework for Auto-Replenishment of FASTag and NCMC

 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has revised its e-mandate framework to include auto-replenishment transactions for
FASTag and the National Common Mobility Card (NCMC).
 These transactions, triggered when balances fall below a set threshold, will no longer require a pre-debit notification.
The update streamlines irregular recurring payments such as tolls and mobility card top-ups.

RBI Penalizes UCO Bank and Cent Bank Home Finance Ltd for Regulatory Non-Compliance
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has imposed penalties on two financial institutions for regulatory violations. UCO
Bank was fined Rs 2.68 crore for breaches related to current account openings, deposit interest rates, and fraud
classification.
 Cent Bank Home Finance Ltd faces a Rs 2.1 lakh penalty for non-compliance with Know Your Customer (KYC)
regulations.

HDFC Bank Launches GIGA Suite for Gig Workers

 HDFC Bank has launched GIGA, a comprehensive suite of financial products for India's gig workers and freelancers.
Offerings include flexible savings accounts, business debit and credit cards, health insurance with premiums starting
at Rs 20/day, and investment options through HDFC AMC.
 Specialised loans, like collateral-free business and car loans, are also available. Partnerships with Razorpay and
Payoneer facilitate seamless domestic and international payments, enabling gig workers to manage their finances with
ease.

RBI Imposes Penalties on Three Housing Finance Companies for Non-Compliance

 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has penalised Godrej Housing Finance Ltd and Aadhar Housing Finance Ltd with fines
of Rs 5 lakh each, and HUDCO with Rs 3.5 lakh for failing to adhere to housing finance regulations.
 Godrej Housing Finance did not obtain two independent valuation reports for loans above Rs 75 lakh, Aadhar Housing
Finance violated the 'Fair Practices Code,' and HUDCO failed in customer risk categorization and creating floating
charges on depositor assets.

181
RBI Fines HDFC Bank and Axis Bank for Regulatory Non-Compliance
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has imposed penalties on HDFC Bank (₹1.91 crore) and Axis Bank (₹1 crore) for
violations related to deposit regulations, KYC norms, and agricultural loans.
 HDFC Bank faced penalties for non-compliance in areas like deposit interest rates, recovery agent conduct, and
operational issues. Axis Bank was fined for issuing multiple customer identification codes, collateral violations on
agricultural loans, and subsidiary activities outside permitted regulations.

Union Bank of India Joins Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF)
 Union Bank of India has become the first major Indian bank to join the Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials
(PCAF), reflecting a global focus on managing climate risks. PCAF provides a standardised approach for financial
institutions to assess and disclose greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions tied to their loans and investments, often referred
to as Scope 3 emissions.
 This move aligns with the RBI’s draft guidelines on climate risk disclosures, which emphasise governance, strategy,
and risk management for regulated entities.

LIC Selects Infosys for Next-Gen Digital Platform under DIVE Programme
 The Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) has partnered with Infosys to build a next-generation digital platform
as part of its DIVE (Digital Innovation and Value Enhancement) programme.
 This platform will enhance customer services, business lifecycle management, and streamline operations for sales
intermediaries. It marks a strategic shift for LIC from previous IT collaborations with Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)
and Tech Mahindra. The platform will be cloud-native, modular, and designed to integrate emerging technologies.

YES BANK and Paisabazaar Launch Co-Branded PaisaSave Credit Card

 YES BANK and Paisabazaar have partnered to introduce the YES BANK Paisabazaar PaisaSave Credit Card, designed
to reward frequent shoppers.
 The card offers 3% cashback on online transactions and unlimited cashback for all purchases, both online and offline.
It also provides a fuel surcharge waiver and a virtual Rupay Credit Card option for UPI payments. There is no joining
fee, and the annual fee of ₹499 can be waived if annual spending exceeds ₹1.2 lakh.

182
1
IMPORTANT ONE LINERS
NATIONAL
Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY Celebrates Six Years of Transforming Healthcare
 Marking its sixth anniversary, the Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY Jan Arogya Yojana (ABPMJ) continues to provide a
comprehensive health insurance cover of ₹5 lakh per family annually for secondary and tertiary care, making it the
world’s largest government-funded health insurance scheme.
 Launched in 2018, the scheme targets socio-economically disadvantaged families identified through SECC data,
covering 55 crore individuals and achieving over 7.37 crore hospital admissions.
 The National Health Authority oversees its implementation, with funding shared between the central and state
governments. With significant impact, PM-JAY has benefited the public by over ₹1 lakh crore, emphasising accessible
healthcare for all.
National Symposium ‘Exercise AIKYA’ Enhances Disaster Management Preparedness
 The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), in partnership with the Southern Command of the Indian
Army, conducted a two-day national symposium titled ‘Exercise AIKYA’ to improve disaster preparedness and
response.
 Held at the Dakshin Bharat Area Headquarters, the event aimed to integrate disaster management efforts across
six southern states/UTs, including Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh.
 Key stakeholders like the IMD, NRSC, and INCOIS participated, focusing on disaster scenarios like tsunamis, cyclones,
and landslides. Discussions highlighted recent technological advancements and strategies for rapid response,
underscoring the collaborative approach in managing regional vulnerabilities.
India Launches CSIRT-Power to Bolster Cybersecurity in Power Sector
 Union Minister Manohar Lal inaugurated the Computer Security Incident Response Team Power (CSIRT-Power)
in New Delhi to protect India’s critical power infrastructure from cyber threats.
 Tasked with responding to cybersecurity incidents, CSIRT-Power will analyze threats, share information, and
implement proactive measures within the power sector.
 The team aims to build capacity through training and collaboration, promote best practices, and coordinate responses
to prevent disruptive cyberattacks on the power infrastructure, reinforcing India’s resilience against evolving cyber
threats.
FCRA Licence of International Cooperative Alliance Revoked by Indian Government
 The Union Home Ministry has cancelled the FCRA licence of the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA), citing
rule violations, which impacts its upcoming global conference in New Delhi.
 Founded in 1895, ICA represents cooperatives worldwide, with over 1 billion members. Additionally, FCRA licences
of various NGOs, such as CNI Synodical Board of Social Service and Voluntary Health Association of India, were
also revoked for alleged illegal activities, including illegal conversions and anti-CAA funding.
 The Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA), which regulates foreign funding to organizations in India, mandates
stricter compliance to ensure funds are used appropriately.
President Murmu Inaugurates 16th ASOSAI Assembly in New Delhi
 President Droupadi Murmu inaugurated the 16th Assembly of the Asian Organization of Supreme Audit
Institutions (ASOSAI) in New Delhi on September 24, 2024.
 Over 200 delegates from 42 countries are attending, with discussions set to address public audit effectiveness and
best practices. A key symposium will explore "Digital Public Infrastructure and Gender Divide," examining how
technology can bridge gender gaps in accessing public services.
 Established in 1979, ASOSAI now includes 48 member institutions across Asia.
Central Silk Board Celebrates 75 Years of Contributions to India’s Silk Industry
 The Central Silk Board (CSB) celebrated its Platinum Jubilee on September 20, 2024, in Mysuru, marking 75 years
of advancing India's silk industry. Attended by dignitaries, the event highlighted achievements, including new
mulberry varieties and silkworm hybrids, technological innovations, and partnerships with research institutions.
 Key releases included a commemorative coin, a documentary, and the Silk Mark India website.

177
 Since its establishment in 1949, CSB has positioned India as the second-largest silk producer globally, increasing
raw silk production to 38,913 metric tonnes and silk exports to ₹2,028 crores in 2023-24, supporting sustainable
growth and global market expansion.
Girish Chandra Murmu Takes Over ASOSAI Chairmanship, Pioneers AI-Driven Audits
 On September 25, 2024, India’s Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) Girish Chandra Murmu assumed the
chairmanship of the Asian Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions (ASOSAI) for 2024-2027, marking a
significant milestone at the 16th ASOSAI Assembly.
 Under his leadership, the CAG’s office is developing an AI protocol to streamline audit report generation, aiming to
improve accuracy and reduce biases.
 Key assembly outcomes include the adoption of the New Delhi Declaration, bilateral collaborations with SAI Malaysia,
and a focus on technology-driven audits. This period emphasizes enhanced public audit practices and strengthened
regional cooperation.
India Celebrates 7th Rashtriya Poshan Maah, Strengthening the Fight Against Malnutrition
 The 7th Rashtriya Poshan Maah in 2024 has mobilized nationwide efforts to address malnutrition, highlighting
themes like Anemia Mukt Bharat and complementary feeding.
 Since its inception in 2018, this annual campaign has driven over 100 crore nutrition awareness activities. Key
focuses this year include digital monitoring through the POSHAN Tracker and a people’s movement (Jan Andolan)
promoting grassroots nutrition awareness.
 The campaign has seen substantial engagement, with Maharashtra, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh leading in organized
activities. Inaugurated in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, the event symbolizes a holistic approach, linking nutrition with
environmental sustainability.
Vice President Inaugurates 83rd CSIR Foundation Day, Emphasizes Impactful R&D
 Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar inaugurated the 83rd Foundation Day of the Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research (CSIR) in New Delhi, urging substantial contributions in R&D beyond superficial efforts. He
praised CSIR as a "Catalyst for Scientifically Imaginative Rashtra," highlighting its foundational role in India’s
progress.
 Union Minister Jitendra Singh recognized CSIR's role in empowering women in science and fostering economic
growth, aligning with the Viksit Bharat @2027 vision. Key achievements, including green hydrogen tech and
lavender farming in Jammu & Kashmir, were celebrated, while former ISRO Chairman Dr. K. Radhakrishnan spoke
on excellence in India’s space missions.
Union Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia Inaugurates 5G O-RAN Testing Lab and Wireless Center of Excellence in
Bengaluru
 Union Minister of Communications Shri Jyotiraditya Scindia inaugurated the 5G Open RAN Testing Lab at C-DOT
Bengaluru, marking a step toward building an indigenous 5G ecosystem.
 The lab will support development across core, access, transport, and security for 5G technology, aligning with the
“Atmanirbhar Bharat” vision. Scindia praised initiatives like BharatRAN-1 and BharatRAN-2, which develop O-
RAN-compliant 5G solutions.
 Additionally, he inaugurated the Wireless Center of Excellence at Tejas Networks, dedicated to advancing next-gen
wireless research, focusing on 6G, AI/ML, and Terahertz communications, pushing India’s role in global telecom
innovation.
India Prepares to Host World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA 2024)
 India will host the prestigious World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA) in New Delhi from
October 15-24, marking the first ITU standards conference in Asia.
 In preparation, the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has launched WTSA2024 Outreach Sessions
across Delhi, Hyderabad, and Bengaluru, enabling students to engage with industry experts on telecom standards
crucial for technologies like 5G and 6G.
 Additionally, DoT introduced the 5G-6G Hackathon 2024 to foster India-specific innovations. The WTSA 2024, with
participation from over 190 nations, underscores India’s influence in global telecom and technology standards.
India Joins GlobE Network Steering Committee to Combat Global Corruption
 India has been elected to the fifteen-member steering committee of the GlobE Network, a coalition focused on
combating international corruption and financial crime, as announced by the CBI on September 26, 2024.

178
 This role allows India to significantly contribute to global anti-corruption efforts, leveraging its expertise through
collaborative initiatives under the G20 framework.
 The GlobE Network, comprising 121 countries and 219 authorities, facilitates cross-border intelligence sharing
and strategic planning.
India Signs High Seas Treaty to Safeguard Marine Biodiversity
 India has signed the High Seas Treaty, officially called the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ)
Agreement, aiming to protect marine life and ensure equitable sharing of resources in international waters.
 Signed under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the treaty focuses on conserving
biodiversity across the high seas, covering 64% of the global ocean.
 With provisions for sustainable use, area-based management, and environmental assessments, the treaty emphasizes
both scientific and traditional knowledge to protect marine ecosystems. The agreement, requiring ratification by 60
countries, is a landmark step toward global ocean conservation.
Shankh Air: India’s New Airline Set for 2024 Launch
 Shankh Air, the first scheduled airline from Uttar Pradesh, is set to begin operations by late 2024, with hubs in
Lucknow and Noida’s upcoming Jewar Airport.
 Aiming to connect major cities within and beyond the state, Shankh Air plans to operate a twin-class, full-service model
with Boeing 737-800NG aircraft. The airline’s launch follows approval from the civil aviation ministry, with further
clearance from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation pending.
 As India’s aviation sector grows, Shankh Air seeks to capitalize on the demand for direct flights to underserved areas.
Cabinet Approves National Mission on Edible Oils – Oilseeds
 The Union Cabinet approved the National Mission on Edible Oils – Oilseeds (NMEO-Oilseeds), aiming to boost
India’s oilseed production from 39 million tonnes (2022-23) to 69.7 million tonnes by 2030-31.
 With a financial outlay of ₹10,103 crore, the mission focuses on key crops like mustard, soybean, and sunflower. Key
strategies include high-yield seed use, expanded cultivation on fallow lands, and technological advancements.
 This initiative aims to reduce import dependency, conserve foreign exchange, and support farmers through improved
incomes and sustainable practices.
Union MoS Satish Dubey Inaugurates 51 Solar Plants, Felicitates Hackathon Winners
 Union Minister Satish Chandra Dubey inaugurated 51 rooftop solar plants of Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL) with
a capacity of 2.428 MW, promoting sustainability.
 Additional projects include a 3 MW rooftop plant and ground-mounted projects of 20 MW and 25 MW by 2025. Dubey
also awarded winners of a “Coal Gasification” hackathon focused on innovative solutions for resource utilization.
 Other initiatives included inaugurating solar trees, participating in a “Waste to Wealth” campaign, and supporting
sports facilities under the “Khelo India” program.
Union Cabinet Approves National Maritime Heritage Complex at Lothal, Gujarat
 The Union Cabinet, chaired by PM Narendra Modi, approved the National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC) at
Lothal, Gujarat, to showcase India's maritime legacy.
 The project will unfold in phases, with Phase 1A underway, aiming for completion by 2025.
 A separate society under the Societies Registration Act will oversee NMHC operations, creating 22,000 jobs.
Highlighting Lothal's significance from the Indus Valley Civilization, the NMHC will boost tourism, research, and local
economies while reinforcing India’s ancient maritime heritage.
PM Modi Inaugurates Indian Institute of Skills (IIS) Mumbai
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Indian Institute of Skills (IIS) in Mumbai, established through a
Public-Private Partnership with Tata IIS, to create an industry-ready workforce for Industry 4.0.
 The 4-acre institute focuses on advanced technologies like AI, automation, and additive manufacturing. Aligned with
PM Modi's vision of India as the "Skill Capital of the World," IIS Mumbai partners with global and Indian OEMs to
offer hands-on training in emerging fields, including robotics, EV technology, and data analytics, enhancing youth
employability in new-age industries.
India Launches ‘Study in India’ Campaign at UAE Education Show
 India launched the ‘Study in India’ campaign at the 20th International Education Show in Sharjah to attract
international students.

179
 Organized by EdCIL under the Ministry of Education, the campaign highlights over 590 universities offering fee
waivers and scholarships. The program, aimed at positioning India as a global education hub, features a streamlined
portal for applications, visas, and course information. With India’s growing appeal in affordable, quality education,
institutions like IITs and IIMs are gaining prominence.
Wayanad Gets Advanced X-Band Radar
 Following the tragic July 2024 floods and landslides that claimed over 200 lives, the Union Ministry of Earth Sciences
approved the installation of an advanced X-band radar in Kerala’s Wayanad district.
 The radar, operating in the 8-12 GHz range, will enable high-resolution, real-time tracking of rain and soil
movements, essential for predicting landslides.
 India’s radar network expansion, including Mission Mausam’s 56 Doppler radars, aims to enhance weather
forecasting nationwide. The installation reflects India's commitment to advanced meteorological infrastructure for
disaster preparedness and response.
Launch of India’s First Indigenous Multi-Purpose Vessel ‘Samarthak’
 On October 14, 2024, the Indian Navy launched its first indigenous Multi-Purpose Vessel (MPV), ‘Samarthak,’ at
L&T Shipyard in Kattupalli, Chennai.
 Officiated by Shashi Tripathi and presided over by Admiral Dinesh K. Tripathi, this launch reinforces India’s
commitment to ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat.’
 Built by L&T, the 106-meter vessel is designed for roles such as ship towing, autonomous vehicle operations, and
testing indigenous weapons, enhancing the Navy’s operational capabilities with cutting-edge, locally developed
technologies.
Omar Abdullah Takes Oath as Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir
 Omar Abdullah, leader of the Jammu and Kashmir National Conference (JKNC), was sworn in as the Chief
Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, marking a political shift in the region.
 The oath was administered by Lieutenant Governor Manoj Sinha following the National Conference’s election win,
with Congress providing external support.
 Coming from a political legacy, Omar’s grandfather, Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah, was the region’s first Prime
Minister post-accession, and his father, Farooq Abdullah, served as Chief Minister thrice. Omar’s experience
includes a stint as Union Minister of State for External Affairs.
BEML Secures Contract for India’s First Indigenous Bullet Trains
 BEML has been awarded a ₹866.87 crore contract by Integral Coach Factory (ICF) to design and manufacture
India's first indigenous bullet trains.
 This includes two high-speed trainsets with eight cars each, featuring an operational speed of 250 km/h and a
test speed of 280 km/h.
 Scheduled for a 2026 rollout, the project supports India’s self-reliance goals and is integral to the Mumbai-
Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor, expected to partially open by August 2026.
 BEML’s Bengaluru facility will produce the trains, equipped with modern amenities and accessible design.
40th Raising Day of National Security Guard
 On October 16, 2024, Union Minister Nitin Gadkari celebrated the 40th Raising Day of the National Security
Guard (NSG), applauding its personnel for their bravery and commitment to national safety.
 Prime Minister Modi and Home Minister Amit Shah also commended NSG, noting its motto, “Sarvatra Sarvottam
Suraksha,” which emphasizes its role in counter-terrorism.
 Established post-Operation Blue Star in 1984, the NSG, known as the “Zero-Error Force,” is crucial in anti-terrorist
operations, hostage rescues, and crisis management, ensuring India’s security with precision and dedication.
Kaksar Bridge Renamed in Honor of Kargil War Hero Capt. Amit Bhardwaj
 The Kaksar Bridge has been renamed Capt. Amit Bhardwaj Setu, commemorating the sacrifice of Capt. Amit
Bhardwaj during the Kargil War.
 The renaming ceremony, attended by officials like CEC Dr. Mohd Jaffer Akhoon and Major General K. Mahesh, paid
tribute to his bravery. Capt. Bhardwaj’s sister, Sunita Dhonkaria, inaugurated a memorial at the site.
 Serving in the 4 JAT Battalion, Capt. Bhardwaj displayed heroic valor during a rescue mission in 1999, and this
renaming honors his legacy and commitment to India.

180
PM Modi Launches Saharanpur, Rewa, and Ambikapur Airports under UDAN
 Prime Minister Modi inaugurated three airports in Saharanpur, Rewa, and Ambikapur under the UDAN scheme,
aiming to enhance regional connectivity.
 Launched in 2016, RCS-UDAN has connected remote areas, benefitting over 144 lakh passengers.
 The scheme's five phases introduced key developments like helicopter routes, seaplane services, and expanded
tourism access. It has enabled regional airlines’ growth, boosted tourism, and connected 34 states/UTs with 86
operational aerodromes, transforming regional air travel in India.
India’s First Coal Gallery Opens at National Science Centre
 Union Ministers Gajendra Singh Shekhawat and Satish Chandra Dubey inaugurated India’s first coal gallery, titled
“Black Diamond – Unveiling the Depths,” at the National Science Centre, New Delhi.
 The exhibit showcases coal’s evolution, from its geological formation to modern mining and sustainable practices.
 Interactive features include a virtual mine descent, dragline simulator, and a tribute to the Raniganj rescue. The gallery
educates visitors on coal’s role in India’s energy sector, emphasizing environmental stewardship and technological
advancements in coal extraction and reclamation.

INTERNATIONAL
Nepal Celebrates Ninth Anniversary of Constitution Promulgation with Grand Festivities
 Nepal commemorated the ninth anniversary of its constitution’s declaration on September 20, 2024, with vibrant
celebrations in Kathmandu.
 Highlighted by a "National Day Concert" at Durbar Marg, the event featured cultural performances from 32 artists
representing Nepal’s seven provinces, emphasizing unity in diversity.
 Thousands attended, enjoying a fireworks display symbolizing hope for Nepal’s future. Over 5,000 security personnel
ensured safety around Narayanhiti Palace.
 Nepal’s constitution, adopted in 2015, marked a significant milestone in its democratic journey, enshrining
principles of federal democracy, inclusivity, and secularism in its 308 articles and 35 parts.
India and Bhutan Strengthen Ties on Food Safety and Regulatory Standards
 India and Bhutan have deepened cooperation on food safety through an Agreement signed on March 21, 2024,
focusing on aligning regulatory frameworks and simplifying food import procedures.
 During the Global Food Regulators Summit at Bharat Mandapam, officials from India’s FSSAI and Bhutan’s BFDA
discussed implementing the Agreement, emphasizing technical collaboration, capacity building, and mutual
recognition of Bhutanese food businesses.
 FSSAI CEO G. Kamala Vardhana Rao highlighted the initiative's role in enhancing trade, while BFDA Director Gyem
Bidha discussed export challenges. The collaboration marks a shared commitment to high food safety standards.
Anura Kumara Dissanayake Wins Sri Lanka Presidency in Political Shift
 Anura Kumara Dissanayake, leader of the National People’s Power (NPP) coalition, won Sri Lanka's
presidential election with 42% of the vote, marking a shift in the country’s political landscape.
 This election, held after the 2022 economic crisis, saw high voter turnout (76%) and defeated major contenders,
including opposition leader Sajith Premadasa. Prime Minister Dinesh Gunawardena resigned following the victory to
facilitate the transition.
 Dissanayake’s campaign focused on anti-corruption and economic reforms, resonating with voters disillusioned by
traditional political patronage, signaling a call for significant change in Sri Lanka.
Russian Cosmonauts Set New Record for Longest ISS Mission
 Russian cosmonauts Oleg Kononenko and Nikolai Chub achieved a historic milestone by spending 374 days
aboard the International Space Station (ISS), breaking the previous 370-day record set by Sergei Prokopyev,
Dmitry Petelin, and NASA's Francisco Rubio.
 Arriving on September 15, 2023, via Soyuz MS-24, they are scheduled to return on Soyuz MS-25.
 During this mission, Kononenko also reached significant milestones, surpassing Gennady Padalka’s total space time
record and becoming the first person to spend 1,000 days off Earth. However, the longest single space mission
record of 437 days by Valery Polyakov on Mir remains unbroken.

181
Global Climate 'Loss and Damage' Fund Appoints First Director, Ibrahima Cheikh Diong
 The Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage, established to aid countries impacted by climate-related disasters, has
appointed Senegalese finance expert Ibrahima Cheikh Diong as its first director.
 With $800 million pledged, the fund will be headquartered in the Philippines and is administered by the World
Bank.
 Created under the UNFCCC in 2022, the fund represents a victory for developing nations seeking support from
wealthier countries. Ahead of COP29 in Baku, the fund aims to address contentious issues of climate accountability
and disaster relief funding.
Sri Lanka’s Harini Amarasuriya Becomes First Female Prime Minister Since 2000
 President Anura Kumara Dissanayake has appointed Harini Amarasuriya as Sri Lanka's new Prime Minister,
marking a historic moment as she becomes the first woman to hold the office since Sirimavo Bandaranaike.
 Known for her work as a rights activist and educator, Amarasuriya brings a focus on social justice and progressive
leadership. She will oversee key portfolios, including Justice, Education, Health, and Investment.
 Her appointment signifies a push for gender equality in Sri Lankan politics and serves as an inspiration for future
female leaders, with hopes for impactful reforms under her leadership.
Iran Unveils Advanced Suicide Drone ‘Shahed-136B’ Amid Middle-East Tensions
 In a display of military strength, Iran has unveiled the Shahed-136B suicide drone and the Jihad ballistic missile,
marking a significant advancement in its defense capabilities.
 The Shahed-136B, an upgraded version of the Shahed-136, boasts a range of 2,500 to 4,000 kilometers and features
a more powerful warhead, reduced radar visibility, and a sleek aerodynamic design.
 Equipped with a turbojet engine, the Shahed-136B operates similarly to a cruise missile with enhanced stealth
capabilities. The drone’s larger size may require complex launch systems, but it expands Iran's reach to European
targets, bolstering its deterrence strategy against potential Western attacks.
PM Modi Advocates for Global Reform and Collective Strength at 79th U.N. General Assembly
 Addressing the U.N. General Assembly’s "Summit of the Future," Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasized the
need for reforms in global institutions to foster peace and development.
 Modi underscored collective strength over military conflict, calling for governance reforms, particularly in the U.N.
Security Council, to address Africa's underrepresentation. Citing India's democratic journey and anti-poverty
initiatives, he pledged India's support for equitable digital infrastructure and development.
 Modi highlighted threats like terrorism and technology misuse, urging coordinated international action. Concluding
with “One Earth, One Family, One Future,” Modi reaffirmed India’s commitment to global welfare and
multilateralism.
IMF Approves $7 Billion Loan to Stabilize Pakistan’s Economy
 The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has approved a $7 billion loan for Pakistan to support its struggling
economy over a 37-month period, with an initial $1 billion disbursement.
 Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif expressed gratitude to IMF Chief Kristalina Georgieva and international partners,
particularly China, for facilitating the loan.
 While the IMF acknowledged Pakistan’s recent economic recovery and stable foreign exchange, it stressed urgent
reforms to tackle ongoing challenges such as governance issues, narrow tax base, and insufficient social spending. This
loan underscores Pakistan’s need for structural changes to foster sustainable growth and economic stability.
Jaishankar Advocates for UNSC Reform at Joint L.69 and C-10 Meeting
 External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar participated in the first Joint Ministerial Meeting of the L.69 and C-10
groupings during the 79th U.N. General Assembly. He emphasized the urgent need for U.N. Security Council (UNSC)
reform, advocating for Text-Based Negotiations in the Intergovernmental Negotiations (IGN) to yield concrete
results. Jaishankar stressed the importance of enhancing representation for the Global South, including Africa, Asia-
Pacific, Latin America, and the Caribbean, in both permanent and non-permanent UNSC categories.
 The L.69 group, consisting of 42 developing nations, and the C10, representing African nations, echoed support
for a more inclusive and accountable UNSC.

182
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman Represents India at 9th AIIB Board of Governors Meeting
 Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman represented India at the 9th Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
(AIIB) Board of Governors meeting in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, held on September 25-26, 2024.
 This year’s theme, “Building Resilient Infrastructure for All,” underscored AIIB’s commitment to enhancing
infrastructure resilience against climate-related shocks.
 AIIB President Jin Liqun announced that 60% of the bank's 2024 lending would support climate financing. The
Board approved the Republic of Nauru’s membership, raising AIIB's total members to 110.
 Established in 2016, AIIB, headquartered in Beijing, counts China and India as its largest and second-largest
shareholders, respectively.
Shigeru Ishiba Set to Become Japan’s Next Prime Minister
 Shigeru Ishiba, former defence minister, is set to become Japan’s next prime minister after winning the Liberal
Democratic Party (LDP) leadership vote.
 Known for his independent stance, Ishiba aims to address inflation, improve wages, and reduce reliance on nuclear
energy. With the LDP's majority, his path to leadership is secure.
 Key policies include tackling Japan's low birth rate, boosting regional economies, and promoting an independent
defence strategy. Ishiba’s stance on nuclear power and the U.S.-Japan defence alliance may bring significant shifts in
Japan’s domestic and foreign policies.
India and Uzbekistan Strengthen Economic Ties with New Investment Treaty
 India and Uzbekistan signed a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) in Tashkent, aimed at enhancing economic
cooperation and boosting investor confidence. Finalized by India's Finance Minister and Uzbekistan’s Deputy Prime
Minister, the treaty provides protections against expropriation, assures non-discrimination, and facilitates dispute
resolution through arbitration.
 This agreement, highlighting a commitment to robust investment environments, is expected to increase bilateral
investments in key sectors like pharmaceuticals, textiles, and agriculture, significantly strengthening economic links
between the two nations.
NATO to Establish New Land Command in Eastern Finland
 NATO plans to establish a new land command in eastern Finland, near the Russian border, by 2025 to oversee
land force operations in northern Europe during potential conflicts.
 This command will work in coordination with Finland’s army and under NATO’s U.S.-based Norfolk Joint Force
Command. Announced by Finnish Defence Minister Antti Hakkanen, the command center will be located at Finland’s
Army Headquarters in Mikkeli, with an initial budget of €8.5 million. The command aims to enhance NATO’s
operational readiness in the region, without establishing a permanent multinational force, reflecting the strong
existing capabilities of Finnish forces.
Israel Bans UN Secretary-General Guterres from Entry
 Israel has banned UN Secretary-General António Guterres from entering the country, declaring him persona non
grata. Israeli Foreign Minister Israel Katz stated the ban was due to Guterres' failure to unequivocally condemn Iran's
missile attacks on Israel.
 The announcement follows a severe escalation in regional tensions, including a significant Iranian missile assault on
Israeli territory on October 1, orchestrated by Iran's Revolutionary Guard and allied groups in retaliation for Israel's
targeted killings of key Hezbollah and Hamas leaders.
 Guterres has called for a ceasefire and expressed concerns about the broadening conflict without directly naming the
involved parties.
Claudia Sheinbaum Sworn in as Mexico's First Female President
 Claudia Sheinbaum has been inaugurated as Mexico’s first woman president, succeeding Andrés Manuel López
Obrador.
 A significant figure from the Morena party, her election continues the trend of progressive governance. Sheinbaum,
previously Mexico City’s first female mayor, faces the challenge of managing a significant fiscal deficit, projected at
5.9% of GDP.
 She plans to stabilize the economy without broad tax reforms, focusing instead on enhancing tax collection efficiencies.
Domestically, her administration is committed to advancing social programs, judicial reforms, and addressing gender-
based violence, encapsulating a broad array of progressive policies.

183
Bharat Electronics and Israel Aerospace Industries Launch Joint Venture for Defense
 Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), a prominent Indian defense PSU, and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) have
established a joint venture, BEL IAI AeroSystems Private Ltd, based in Delhi. This partnership aims to offer long-
term product support for the Medium Range Surface-to-Air Missile (MRSAM) systems used by India’s defense forces.
 The MRSAM, a collaborative development between IAI and India’s DRDO, is crucial for countering aerial threats and
is deployed across multiple branches of the Indian and Israeli defense forces. This joint venture represents a strategic
move in enhancing India’s defense infrastructure and aligns with the ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative, promoting self-
reliance in defense capabilities.
Nepal, India, and Bangladesh Ink Historic Electricity Trade Pact
 Nepal, India, and Bangladesh have signed a groundbreaking tripartite agreement to facilitate cross-border electricity
trade.
 This deal allows Nepal to export surplus electricity to Bangladesh through India's transmission lines during the rainy
season from June 15 to November 15 annually. Initially, Nepal will export 40 MW of hydroelectric power at a rate of
6.4 cents per unit, projecting annual revenues of approximately USD 9.2 million.
 The agreement was signed in Kathmandu by representatives of each country's respective power authorities,
enhancing regional cooperation and economic integration in South Asia.
India and Maldives Sign $750 Million Currency Swap to Mitigate Foreign Exchange Crisis
 India and the Maldives have strengthened their bilateral ties with a $750 million currency swap agreement aimed
at supporting the Maldives in managing its foreign exchange crisis.
 The deal includes a $400 million swap and an additional ₹3,000 crore ($357 million) under the SAARC Currency
Swap Framework, valid until 2027. The agreement was finalized during discussions between Indian Prime Minister
Narendra Modi and Maldivian President Mohamed Muizzu, focusing on enhancing economic and security cooperation.
India and UAE to Enhance Financial Connectivity with UPI-AANI Integration
 Union Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal announced that India and the UAE are interlinking their national
payment systems, UPI and AANI, to facilitate seamless cross-border financial transactions.
 This initiative will enable over 3 million Indians in the UAE to perform real-time remittances, enhancing speed,
transparency, and cost-efficiency in cross-border money transfers.
 The integration is part of a broader effort to strengthen economic ties, including the launch of the JAYWAN card
scheme, based on India's RuPay technology, to foster UAE's digital payment autonomy. This collaboration was
highlighted during the 12th Meeting of the India-UAE High-Level Joint Task Force on Investments in Mumbai,
underscoring a significant advancement in bilateral relations.
President Kais Saied Re-elected for a Second Term Amid Concerns in Tunisia
 President Kais Saied of Tunisia has been re-elected for a second five-year term, securing 90.7% of the votes in an
election characterized by an exceptionally low voter turnout of 28.8%.
 The Independent High Authority for Elections of Tunisia confirmed his victory on October 7, 2024. This election has
drawn international scrutiny due to the stark reduction in voter participation from 55% in 2019, raising questions
about the engagement and legitimacy of the electoral process in Tunisia. Concerns about the suppression of opposition
figures and limited electoral competition under Saied's regime highlight ongoing tensions regarding the state of
democracy in post-revolution Tunisia.
India Influences Global Nutrition Standards at 44th Codex Nutrition Committee Meeting
 India played a crucial role at the 44th session of the Codex Committee on Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses
(CCNFSDU) held in Dresden, Germany, from October 2 to October 6, 2024.
 The Indian delegation made significant contributions, particularly advocating for the revision of outdated FAO/WHO
probiotic guidelines and promoting international harmonization in probiotic regulation.
 India also influenced the committee's decisions on nutrient reference values for young children and opposed the EU’s
proposal on carbohydrate sweetness testing in formulas, reflecting its stance on scientific validation.
India Becomes Second Largest Supplier of Restricted Tech to Russia
 India has risen to become the second-largest supplier of restricted technologies to Russia, according to US and
European officials. This development marks a significant challenge in the Western efforts to limit exports that
support President Vladimir Putin’s military capabilities amid the Ukraine conflict.

184
 Indian exports, including microchips and machine tools, surged to $95 million in July, doubling the figures from earlier
in the year. This increase complicates the strategic landscape for the US and EU, as they navigate maintaining robust
relations with India while addressing the security implications of these trades.
 Almost 20% of sensitive technologies used in Russia’s military sector now reportedly come through India, highlighting
its pivotal role in the global supply chain for dual-use technologies.
Abu Dhabi Named World's Richest City by Sovereign Wealth Funds
 As of October 2024, Abu Dhabi has claimed the title of the world's richest city in terms of sovereign wealth funds,
with an estimated $1.7 trillion in capital. This distinction underscores Abu Dhabi's substantial economic influence
driven by strategic investment policies.
 Other key cities with major sovereign wealth funds include Oslo, Beijing, Singapore, Riyadh, and Hong Kong. Together,
these cities manage two-thirds of global sovereign wealth fund assets, totaling approximately $12.5 trillion. This
concentration of financial capital highlights the significant role sovereign wealth funds play in the global economy,
with Abu Dhabi leading the pack.
President Murmu Receives Honorary Doctorate in Algeria
 During her three-nation tour, President Droupadi Murmu was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Political
Science from Sidi Abdellah Science and Technology Pole University in Algiers on October 14.
 President Murmu dedicated the honor to India, emphasizing the role of education in bridging inequalities and
enhancing mutual understanding between nations. She highlighted India's commitment to accessible quality
education, inviting Algerian students and institutions to participate in various Indian educational initiatives and
scholarship programs.
IDF Confirms Killing of Hamas Leader Yahya Sinwar in Targeted Operation
 The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) announced the killing of Yahya Sinwar, the leader of Hamas in Gaza, during a targeted
operation in Rafah on October 17, 2024.
 Sinwar, a key figure in Hamas, was confirmed deceased via DNA testing after the operation. His death is viewed by
Israel as a critical success in their ongoing efforts against Hamas, which Israel and several other countries classify as
a terrorist organization. This event marks a significant moment in the ongoing conflict between Israel and Hamas,
impacting the dynamics of military and political strategies within the region.
India Supplies Haemodialysis Machines to PNG and Medical Aid to Lebanon
 Fulfilling a commitment made during the 2023 FIPIC III Summit, India has sent its first consignment of 12
haemodialysis machines with portable RO units to Papua New Guinea (PNG) to strengthen its healthcare
infrastructure.
 This initiative aligns with India’s ongoing support to Pacific nations in addressing health challenges.
 Concurrently, India has dispatched 11 tons of a 33-ton medical aid consignment to Lebanon, providing essential
medications to support the country amidst escalating conflict in its southern regions. India’s humanitarian efforts
reflect its commitment to assisting global partners in times of need.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

ISRO Signs 75 Technology Transfer Agreements with Private Firms
 ISRO, in partnership with IN-SPACe and NSIL, signed 75 Technology Transfer Agreements (TTAs) with private firms
on September 21, 2024. This move supports India’s space sector reforms, allowing companies access to ISRO’s space-
developed technologies for applications in sectors like agriculture, defense, and telecommunications.
 The TTAs signify increased private sector involvement in space activities, aiming to drive commercial innovation and
societal benefits. Pawan Goenka, IN-SPACe chairman, highlighted the significance of these agreements in
strengthening India’s space economy and enhancing its global standing in space technology.
Indian Institutes Develop Portable X-Ray Protection Barrier for Healthcare Safety
 On September 25, 2024, researchers from Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology
(SCTIMST) and Government Engineering College, Barton Hill (GECBH) introduced a portable X-ray protection
barrier to enhance safety during X-ray-based histopathology.

185
 Created in collaboration with Hesper Tech Pvt. Ltd., the device reduces radiation exposure from millihertz to
negligible microhertz levels, protecting healthcare workers. Tested at Government Medical College,
Thiruvananthapuram, the device proved effective in limiting radiation leakage.
 This innovation underscores SCTIMST's commitment to advancing healthcare technology in India.
New Catfish Species Exostoma sentiyonoae Discovered in Nagaland’s Dzuleke River
 A new catfish species, Exostoma sentiyonoae, was discovered in the Dzuleke River, part of Nagaland's Barak
River system.
 Published in Zootaxa by Bungdon Shangningam (Zoological Survey of India) and Limatemjen (Kohima Science
College), the fish is cataloged as holotype ZSI FF 9871 and measures 75.8 mm.
 It features an adipose fin connected to upper caudal-fin rays, a slender head, and small eyes.
 This discovery, the first of its genus in Dzuleke, highlights the biodiversity potential of Nagaland’s rivers,
emphasizing the need for further exploration and conservation efforts in the region.
Scientists Uncover New Mechanism of Protein Regulation Essential for Development
 Researchers at Hyderabad’s BRIC-CDFD have identified a new role for the Wntless (WLS) protein in cellular
protein regulation, crucial for vertebrate organ development. WLS aids in the release of the Wnt3a protein, essential
for early developmental signaling in organs like the intestines and eyes.
 The study reveals that EYA proteins help regulate WLS recycling; without EYA, WLS is degraded, disrupting cell
function. Tested in various organisms, the absence of EYA led to developmental abnormalities in zebrafish. This
finding opens new avenues for research on stabilizing EYA to prevent developmental disorders.
BharatGen: India’s New AI Initiative for Public Services
 BharatGen, launched by Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh, is an ambitious generative AI project aimed at enhancing
public services and citizen engagement across India. Led by IIT Bombay under the NM-ICPS, BharatGen focuses on
developing multilingual and multimodal AI models for social equality, cultural preservation, and accessibility in
regional languages.
 Key features include an open-source platform, Indian data use for local relevance, and fostering an AI research
ecosystem. Set for completion by 2026, BharatGen aligns with India’s Atmanirbhar Bharat vision, promoting AI self-
reliance and supporting innovation across sectors.
New Reptile and Amphibian Species Discovered in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve Survey
 A recent survey in the Masinagudi Division of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve identified 33 reptile and 36 amphibian
species, including four potentially new species: two geckos, a skink, and a frog.
 Led by Deputy Director Arun Kumar P. with Field Director D. Venkatesh, this survey highlighted endangered
species like the king cobra and Nilgiri burrowing snake. The biodiversity-rich reserve supports various habitats and
is vital for local wildlife and communities.
 Future surveys, particularly in monsoon, aim to discover more species, strengthening conservation efforts in this
Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot.
Scientists Discover Massive Water Reservoir Deep within Earth’s Mantle
 Researchers from Northwestern University have uncovered a vast water reservoir 700 kilometers beneath Earth’s
surface, likely three times the volume of all surface oceans.
 This “sixth ocean” exists within a blue mineral called ringwoodite, which can trap water in its crystal structure.
Discovered through seismic analysis of over 500 earthquakes, this finding challenges the theory that Earth’s water
originated from external sources and highlights a deep reservoir’s role in stabilizing surface oceans.
 Future research aims to explore if this phenomenon is globally consistent, advancing our understanding of Earth’s
water cycle.
New Wasp Species Pseumenes siangensis Discovered in Arunachal Pradesh
 Entomologists from ATREE have discovered a new potter wasp species, Pseumenes siangensis, in Arunachal
Pradesh’s Siang Valley, underscoring the region’s biodiversity.
 This species, only the second of its genus found in India, measures 30.2 mm and features distinct body patterns.
 Belonging to the Eumeninae subfamily, potter wasps aid in natural pest control as their larvae feed on caterpillars
harmful to plants. This discovery emphasizes the need for further research in the Eastern Himalayas, an
underexplored region critical to biodiversity conservation efforts.

186
Chilean Scientists Create Reversible Neutering Vaccine for Dogs
 Chilean researchers have developed a reversible neutering vaccine for dogs, offering an alternative to surgical
neutering. This vaccine, designed by veterinarian Leonardo Saenz, temporarily halts reproductive hormones
through a single injection, making dogs infertile without invasive surgery.
 Priced at $54, it provides a simpler solution for population control on a larger scale. While traditional neutering offers
health benefits like reduced cancer risk, concerns exist over its long-term impacts on weight, joints, and overall health.
ISRO’s PSLV-C37 Upper Stage Re-enters Earth’s Atmosphere
 On October 6, 2024, the upper stage of ISRO's PSLV-C37 re-entered Earth’s atmosphere after completing its mission,
which initially launched 104 satellites, including Cartosat-2D, on February 15, 2017.
 This stage, monitored by US Space Command, descended from an orbit of 470 km to 134 km, landing in the North
Atlantic Ocean. ISRO ensured compliance with Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) guidelines,
aiming to reduce space debris. Future missions will incorporate controlled re-entry to limit orbital time to five years
or less, promoting responsible space operations.
Marburg Virus: Rwanda Faces First Outbreak with High Infection Rates Among Healthcare Workers
 Rwanda is experiencing its first Marburg virus outbreak, with 46 confirmed cases and 12 deaths, primarily
affecting healthcare workers. The Marburg virus causes Marburg Virus Disease (MVD), a severe and often fatal illness
with a mortality rate between 24% and 88%.
 Originating from Rousettus bats, it spreads through direct contact with bodily fluids or contaminated surfaces.
Symptoms include high fever, muscle pain, vomiting, and in severe cases, hemorrhaging. Currently, there are no
approved vaccines, though Rwanda is trialling experimental options to protect healthcare workers on the front lines.
NASA’s Europa Clipper Mission Begins Search for Life on Jupiter’s Moon Europa
 NASA launched the Europa Clipper mission on October 10 to explore Europa, a moon of Jupiter, for signs of
extraterrestrial life. The mission aims to study Europa's subsurface ocean, a potentially habitable environment
beneath its icy crust.
 Europa’s ocean may remain liquid due to heat generated by Jupiter's gravity, making it a prime target for life beyond
Earth. Equipped with nine scientific instruments, Europa Clipper will analyze the moon’s surface, temperature,
chemicals, and potential water plumes. While results are years away, this mission marks a pivotal step in discovering
life beyond our planet.
ESA’s PROBA-3 Mission Ready for November 2024 Launch on ISRO’s PSLV-XL
 The European Space Agency (ESA), in collaboration with ISRO, is set to launch the PROBA-3 mission in
November 2024. This innovative mission, involving two satellites flying in close formation, will create an artificial
eclipse to study the Sun’s corona, providing insights into solar flares and space weather. Utilizing advanced metrology
and satellite control technologies, PROBA-3 marks ESA’s first precision formation-flying mission.
 The international partnership underscores the importance of collaboration in space exploration, with potential
breakthroughs in predicting space weather to protect Earth’s infrastructure from solar storms.
ESA Launches Moonlight Programme for Lunar Communication and Navigation
 The European Space Agency (ESA) has introduced the Moonlight Lunar Communications and Navigation
Services (LCNS), a 20-year programme to build satellite infrastructure for Moon missions.
 Announced at the International Astronautical Congress, Moonlight will deploy around five satellites to facilitate
precise landing, rapid communication, and navigation for over 400 planned Moon missions.
 The initial satellite, Lunar Pathfinder, is set for a 2026 launch, with full services expected by 2030. Partnering with
NASA’s Artemis programme and other agencies, Moonlight will enhance Moon exploration and lay groundwork for
future Mars missions.
World’s Highest Imaging Cherenkov Telescope Inaugurated in Ladakh
 On October 4, 2024, Dr. Ajit Kumar Mohanty, Secretary of DAE, inaugurated the Major Atmospheric Cherenkov
Experiment (MACE) Observatory in Hanle, Ladakh. Standing at 4,300 meters, MACE is the highest imaging
Cherenkov telescope globally and the largest in Asia.
 Built by BARC with support from ECIL, the telescope will focus on high-energy gamma-ray observations, advancing
studies of cosmic events like supernovae and black holes. The observatory aims to foster international collaborations
in astrophysics, enhance India’s space research capabilities, and inspire future generations of Indian scientists.

187
India’s First Biopolymer Facility Inaugurated in Pune for Sustainable Plastic Alternatives
 Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh inaugurated India’s first biopolymer demonstration facility in Jejuri, Pune,
developed by Praj Industries. This facility focuses on producing Polylactic Acid (PLA) bioplastics, marking a shift
from fossil-based plastics to eco-friendly alternatives.
 The initiative aligns with India's 'Net Zero' carbon vision for 2070 and supports a growing bioeconomy, projected
to reach $300 billion by 2030.
 India ranks 12th globally in biotech, with a flourishing startup ecosystem and the BioE3 Policy promoting
sustainable growth. The facility aims to position India as a leader in biotechnology and green innovation.
WHO Recognizes India’s Success in Eliminating Trachoma as a Public Health Threat
 The World Health Organization (WHO) has certified India for eliminating trachoma, a leading cause of blindness, as a
public health problem.
 This milestone follows decades of initiatives, beginning with India’s National Trachoma Control Program in 1963,
which included surgeries, antibiotics, and WASH (water, sanitation, hygiene) efforts. By 2024, trachoma prevalence
dropped from 4% of blindness cases in 2005 to 0.008%.
 WHO praised India’s use of the SAFE strategy—Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental
improvement. India will continue surveillance and community awareness to sustain this achievement.

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Anurag Garg Appointed as NCB Director General; Other Key Government Appointments Announced
 Anurag Garg, a 1993-batch IPS officer from Himachal Pradesh, has been appointed as the Director General of the
Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) with a tenure lasting until May 23, 2026.
 Brijendra Pratap Singh has been selected as CMD of NALCO, while Manoj Kumar assumes additional charge as CVO of
Shipping Corporation of India. Extensions include Satyendra Kumar in the Ministry of Environment, and new
appointments feature Kim as DIG at NHRC and Birendra Kumar Mishra as OSD to the Minister of Panchayati Raj and
Fisheries until 2028.
Boxing Champion Nikhat Zareen Joins Telangana Police as DSP
 World boxing champion Nikhat Zareen, hailing from Nizamabad, Telangana, has officially joined the state police as
Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) after submitting her joining report to DGP Jitender.
 Zareen, a two-time world champion and Commonwealth Games gold medalist, has made significant contributions to
Indian boxing, recently securing a bronze at the 2023 Asian Games. Her appointment marks a new chapter in her
career, with the Telangana Police commending her for inspiring the state through her achievements.
Alok Ranjan Appointed NCRB Chief; Amit Garg to Head SVPNPA
 Senior IPS officer Alok Ranjan from the Madhya Pradesh cadre has been appointed as the Director of the National
Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), serving until June 2026.
 Meanwhile, Amit Garg of the Andhra Pradesh cadre will lead the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy
(SVPNPA) until October 2027.
 Additionally, several senior IPS officers, including Praveer Ranjan (CISF), Vitul Kumar (CRPF), and R Prasad Meena
(BSF), have been appointed to key roles, reflecting significant leadership transitions across major security agencies in
India.
Jitendra J Jadhav Appointed Director General of Aeronautical Development Agency
 Jitendra J Jadhav, a Distinguished Scientist with extensive experience in aeronautics, has been appointed as the
Director General of the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) effective September 11, 2024.
 Known for his leadership in projects like the Tejas Light Combat Aircraft, Jadhav’s role marks a critical shift towards
advancing indigenous aircraft capabilities. His immediate focus includes the LCA AF Mk2’s first flight by 2025 and
furthering the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft project. Jadhav’s career is marked by awards and innovations in
avionics, positioning him as a key figure in India’s aeronautical advancements.
James Cameron Joins Stability AI Board Amid Growing AI-Hollywood Synergy
 In a bold move signalling deeper collaboration between Hollywood and artificial intelligence, Stability AI appointed
James Cameron, iconic director of "Titanic" and "The Terminator," to its board of directors.

188
 Known for its innovative generative AI tools, including image and video creation technologies, Stability AI aims to
revolutionize visual media. Cameron’s involvement aligns with the company's mission to empower creators with AI-
driven artistic tools. His appointment, alongside former Facebook President Sean Parker, strengthens Stability AI’s
influence as the entertainment industry navigates the evolving role of AI in filmmaking.
Centre Appoints Chief Justices to Eight High Courts Following Collegium Recommendations
The Ministry of Law and Justice has notified the appointment of Chief Justices to eight High Courts, as announced by Union
Law Minister Arjun Ram Meghwal. This move fills critical judicial positions to ensure the efficient functioning of the
judiciary.
New Appointments
1. Justice Rajiv Shakdher (presently Judge of Delhi HC) – Chief Justice of Himachal Pradesh High Court.
2. Justice Suresh Kumar Kait (Judge of Delhi HC) – Chief Justice of Madhya Pradesh High Court.
3. Justice Indra Prasanna Mukerji (Judge of Calcutta HC) – Chief Justice of Meghalaya High Court.
4. Justice Nitin Madhukar Jamdar (Judge of Bombay HC) – Chief Justice of Kerala High Court.
5. Justice Tashi Rabstan (Judge of J&K&L HC) – Chief Justice of Jammu & Kashmir & Ladakh High Court.
6. Justice KR Shriram (Judge of Bombay HC) – Chief Justice of Madras High Court.
7. Justice MS Ramachandra Rao (presently CJ of HP HC) – Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court.
Justice Manmohan Sworn in as Chief Justice of Delhi High Court
 Justice Manmohan took the Oath of Office as Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court in a ceremony led by Lieutenant
Governor Vinai Kumar Saxena, with the Delhi Chief Minister in attendance.
 Initially recommended by the Supreme Court Collegium in July, his appointment was notified on September 21, 2024.
An alumnus of Campus Law Centre and a Senior Advocate since 2003, Justice Manmohan served as a permanent judge
from 2009 and held the role of Acting Chief Justice in 2023. His tenure as Chief Justice is set to conclude upon his
retirement on December 16, 2024.
IPS Nalin Prabhat Appointed as DGP of Jammu and Kashmir Amid Security Challenges
 The Ministry of Home Affairs has appointed IPS officer Nalin Prabhat as the Director General of Police (DGP) of
Jammu and Kashmir, effective October 1, 2024. A 1992-batch officer with expertise in counter-insurgency, Prabhat
has previously served in high-stakes roles, including as NSG DG and leader of the anti-Naxal Greyhounds unit in
Andhra Pradesh. His appointment comes amid heightened security tensions in Kashmir, where his experience in
strategic operations is anticipated to bolster law enforcement efforts. Prabhat’s decorated career, marked by multiple
gallantry awards, reflects his dedication to public service.
Aviral Jain Appointed as Executive Director of RBI
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has appointed Aviral Jain as Executive Director, effective October 1, 2024.
Previously serving as Regional Director for Maharashtra, Jain brings over 30 years of experience in supervision,
currency management, and foreign exchange regulation.
 In his new role, Jain will oversee the RBI’s Legal and Premises Departments, as well as serve as the First Appellate
Authority for RTI applications, ensuring transparency. His extensive background positions him to enhance the RBI’s
governance and operational efficiency.
India Names Sanjeev Kumar Singla as Ambassador to France; Ajit Vinayak Gupte Appointed to Germany
 The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) has appointed Sanjeev Kumar Singla, currently Ambassador to Israel, as India's
next Ambassador to France. Singla, an IFS officer of the 1997 batch and former Private Secretary to PM Narendra Modi,
brings extensive regional experience to this critical role.
 Concurrently, Ajit Vinayak Gupte, currently Ambassador to Egypt, has been named Ambassador to Germany. These
appointments reflect India’s strategic emphasis on strengthening its diplomatic influence in Europe, with a focus on
enhancing defense, economic, and cultural partnerships with key European nations like France and Germany.
Sharad Kumar Appointed as BCCI Anti-Corruption Unit Chief to Bolster Integrity Measures
 The BCCI has appointed retired IPS officer Sharad Kumar, a 1979-batch officer from Haryana, as the new head of its
Anti-Corruption Unit (ACU), bringing a wealth of law enforcement experience to combat cricket corruption.
 Kumar, formerly Director General of the National Investigation Agency (NIA) and Vigilance Commissioner, is known
for his expertise in counter-terrorism and anti-corruption. His three-year term will focus on preventing match-fixing,
combating illegal betting, and enhancing integrity measures in cricket.

189
 The appointment underscores BCCI’s commitment to safeguarding cricket’s integrity by leveraging Kumar’s
investigative skills and strategic insights.

Air Marshal SP Dharkar Appointed Vice Chief of Air Staff

 Air Marshal SP Dharkar, a seasoned fighter pilot with over 3,600 flying hours, has been appointed as the Vice Chief of
the Air Staff, succeeding Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh. A 1985 batch officer, Dharkar brings vast experience,
having commanded a MiG-27 squadron and held pivotal roles, including Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the
Eastern Air Command and Director General of the Defence Space Agency.
 With qualifications from the RIMC, NDA, and US Air War College, his leadership is expected to drive IAF modernization
and operational readiness, strengthening India’s air defense capabilities.
Dia Mirza Joins ALT Environmental Film Festival 2024 as Jury Member
 Bollywood actress and environmental advocate Dia Mirza has been appointed as a jury member for the ALT
Environmental Film Festival (ALT EFF) 2024, scheduled from November 22 to December 8. The festival will feature
72 films, including 38 India premieres, spotlighting issues such as climate change and wildlife conservation.
 For the first time, ALT EFF will reach beyond metro cities, expanding to 55 small towns and villages and using AI to
translate films into regional languages. Mirza expressed pride in supporting the festival’s mission to inspire change
through cinema and foster environmental awareness across India.
S. Paramesh Assumes Role as Director General of Indian Coast Guard
 S. Paramesh has officially taken charge as the Director General of the Indian Coast Guard, succeeding the late DG
Rakesh Pal. With over three decades of service, Paramesh brings vast operational and strategic expertise, having
commanded key vessels like the Advanced Offshore Patrol Vessel Samar and served in critical leadership roles across
the Coast Guard's eastern and western seaboards.
 An alumnus of the National Defence College and Defence Services Staff College, Paramesh has been honored with the
President’s Tatrakshak Medal for Distinguished Service. His focus will be on modernizing the Coast Guard, enhancing
surveillance, and strengthening coastal security.
Aishath Azeema Appointed as Maldives' Ambassador to India Amid Shift in Diplomatic Relations
 Following Maldivian President Mohamed Muizzu’s recent visit to India, senior diplomat Aishath Azeema has been
appointed as the Maldives' new ambassador to India, succeeding Ibrahim Shaheeb. This appointment, approved by
the Maldivian Parliament’s Foreign Relations Committee, signals a renewed commitment to strengthening Maldives-
India relations, which had previously been strained under the “India Out” policy.
 Azeema, with over three decades in the Maldivian Foreign Service, previously served as Ambassador to China, bringing
significant diplomatic experience to her new role aimed at revitalizing bilateral ties with India.
Justice Sanjiv Khanna Nominated as 51st Chief Justice of India
 Chief Justice DY Chandrachud has nominated Justice Sanjiv Khanna to succeed him as the 51st Chief Justice of India
(CJI), with Justice Khanna expected to assume office on November 10, 2024. Justice Khanna, the second-most senior
Supreme Court judge, will serve a six-month term until his retirement on May 13, 2025. With a legal career spanning
from 1983, he has held significant roles, including Senior Standing Counsel for the Income Tax Department and
Additional Public Prosecutor.
 Notably, he contributed to key rulings on the Central Vista Project, Article 370, and the electoral bonds scheme,
reinforcing his impact on landmark constitutional matters.
Vijaya Kishore Rahatkar Appointed as Chairperson of National Commission for Women
 Smt. Vijaya Kishore Rahatkar has been appointed as the Chairperson of the National Commission for Women (NCW),
making her the 9th individual to hold this role. Formerly Chairperson of the Maharashtra State Commission for
Women, Rahatkar is known for impactful initiatives such as “Sakshama” for acid attack survivors and “Prajwala”
linking self-help groups to central schemes.
 With a background in politics and education in Physics and History, her tenure will last three years or until she reaches
65. Dr. Archana Majumdar joins as a new member, reinforcing NCW’s commitment to women’s rights and
empowerment.
Sheikh Naim Qassem: Hezbollah’s New Chief Amid Tensions
 Sheikh Naim Qassem has been appointed as the new secretary-general of Hezbollah following the assassination of
Hassan Nasrallah. Qassem, Nasrallah’s deputy for over 30 years, takes on the leadership role amid escalating Israeli-

190
Lebanese tensions. Qassem has a longstanding history within Hezbollah, contributing to its formation and operations
since 1982.
 Under his leadership, Hezbollah faces both internal challenges and continued Israeli hostilities, while aiming to sustain
its influence within Lebanon and the broader region.

BOOKS & AUTHORS

Anil Raturi’s “Khaki Mein Sthitapragya: Memories and Experiences of an IPS Officer”
 Anil Raturi’s Khaki Mein Sthitapragya reflects on his three-decade IPS career, blending personal insights with lessons
in governance, policing, and ethics. Former DGP of Uttarakhand, Raturi recounts challenges, moral dilemmas, and
community relations, offering valuable guidance for officers.
 His dedication to integrity is symbolized by incidents like self-imposing a traffic fine as DGP. Through his experiences,
Raturi emphasizes honesty, duty, and the evolving societal expectations of law enforcement, underscoring his legacy
of ethical conduct and inspiring future police service aspirants.
LARA: The England Chronicles – A Cricket Legend’s Journey
 LARA: The England Chronicles celebrates Brian Lara’s unmatched cricket legacy, highlighting his record-breaking feats:
375, 400*, and 501 not out. Co-authored with Phil Walker, the book delves into Lara’s iconic high backlift, his artistry
at the crease, and his legendary innings against England.
 From his early days in Cantaro to becoming a cricket icon, Lara’s journey reflects dedication and mastery, fulfilling his
father’s dreams. The book offers fans a rare glimpse into the mind of a cricket genius and his lasting impact on the
sport.
A New Book “War” By Veteran Investigative Journalist Bob Woodward
 Veteran journalist Bob Woodward’s latest book, War, delves into the power dynamics between former U.S. President
Donald Trump, current President Joe Biden, and Russian President Vladimir Putin. The book, Woodward’s fourth on
Trump, reveals explosive details, including alleged private conversations between Trump and Putin post-presidency.
 Contrasting leadership styles, Woodward depicts Biden as steady and Trump as reckless. Known for his role in
uncovering Watergate, Woodward once again provides a critical look into U.S. political leadership, stirring discourse
on national and global power plays.
A Book Titled “Mountain Mammals of the World” By M.K. Ranjitsinh
 Renowned conservationist M.K. Ranjitsinh's Mountain Mammals of the World explores 62 species and 78 subspecies
of mountain-dwelling mammals. Published by Penguin Random House, the book combines detailed scientific insights
and breathtaking photography.
 Ranjitsinh, instrumental in India’s Project Tiger, reflects on his lifelong dedication to wildlife, drawing from decades
of conservation work. The book emphasizes the urgency of preserving fragile mountain ecosystems and aims to
inspire future generations to protect endangered species. His daughter, Radhika Raje Gaekwad, describes the book as
her father’s magnum opus.

IMPORTANT DAYS
World Cleanup Day 2024
 World Cleanup Day, celebrated on September 20, aims to promote sustainable development through global cleanup
activities. Established by UN resolution 78/122, the day emphasizes the role of clean-up efforts in maintaining a
healthy environment. The inaugural event, themed “Arctic Cities and Marine Litter,” is hosted in Norway,
spotlighting challenges in the Arctic’s fragile ecosystem.
 With support from UN-Habitat and other partners, the day mobilizes communities worldwide to engage in sustainable
practices, focusing on innovation and collaboration in waste management to protect vulnerable regions like the Arctic.
Antyodaya Diwas 2024: Honoring Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya
 Observed annually on September 25, Antyodaya Diwas commemorates the birth anniversary of Pandit
Deendayal Upadhyaya, a key Indian leader and philosopher. A pioneer of "integral humanism," Upadhyaya
emphasized uplifting society's most disadvantaged through individual and collective welfare. The term "Antyodaya"
reflects his mission of "upliftment of the last person."

191
 Marked by various programs, the day raises awareness of government initiatives like the Antyodaya Anna Yojana and
Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – NRLM, aimed at supporting the rural poor, enhancing livelihoods, and promoting self-
reliance among marginalized communities.
International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons: September 26
 Established by UNGA Resolution 68/32 in 2013, September 26 marks the International Day for the Total Elimination
of Nuclear Weapons, or Nuclear Abolition Day.
 This observance aims to raise awareness about nuclear disarmament and advocate for a global treaty to prohibit and
dismantle nuclear arsenals under international oversight.
 The date commemorates a close call in 1983 when a Soviet early warning system malfunction nearly sparked nuclear
war. Each year, the UN hosts a High-Level Meeting on Nuclear Disarmament in New York, accessible globally via live
stream, highlighting interconnected issues of peace, climate, and sustainable development.
World Tourism Day 2024
 Observed on September 27, World Tourism Day 2024 highlights the theme “Tourism and Peace,” focusing on travel’s
role in fostering global understanding and harmony.
 Established by the UNWTO in 1980, this day marks the importance of tourism in bridging cultures, driving economic
growth, and promoting sustainable practices. Celebrations worldwide include seminars, cultural events, and
community engagements that emphasize responsible tourism and its benefits to host communities and travelers.
International Day of Non-Violence 2024
 Observed on October 2nd, the International Day of Non-Violence commemorates Mahatma Gandhi's birth and his
enduring philosophy of non-violent resistance.
 Established by UN General Assembly resolution in 2007, this day aims to promote non-violence through education
and public awareness. Gandhi’s principles of peaceful protest, civil disobedience, and non-cooperation inspired India's
independence and continue to influence global social justice movements. His core teachings—opposing violence,
upholding moral integrity, and championing peaceful resistance—remain profoundly relevant in today’s quest for
conflict resolution and social change.
Lal Bahadur Shastri Jayanti 2024: Celebrating 120 Years of a Leader's Legacy
 On October 2, 2024, India commemorates the 120th birth anniversary of Lal Bahadur Shastri, sharing the date with
Mahatma Gandhi. Born in 1904, Shastri rose from humble beginnings in Uttar Pradesh to play key roles in India’s
freedom struggle and governance. As Prime Minister, his leadership inspired the Green and White Revolutions,
boosting agricultural and dairy production.
 His slogan "Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan" symbolized his dedication to soldiers and farmers. Shastri Jayanti highlights his legacy
of simplicity, integrity, and commitment to India's self-reliance, values that resonate in contemporary India.
Gandhi Jayanti 2024: Celebrating the Legacy of the Mahatma
 On October 2, 2024, India observes the 155th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, honoring his life and principles.
Born in Porbandar in 1869, Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violent resistance, or Satyagraha, took shape during his years
in South Africa and later became central to India's independence struggle. Celebrations include tributes at Raj Ghat,
prayer meetings, and cultural events across the nation.
 The United Nations also recognizes October 2 as the International Day of Non-Violence, highlighting Gandhi’s timeless
relevance in promoting peace, truth, and justice worldwide.
Indian Air Force Day 2024
 On October 8, 2024, India will celebrate the 92nd Indian Air Force Day with a grand airshow at Marina Beach, Chennai.
The theme, “Bhartiya Vayu Sena: Saksham, Sashakt, Atmanirbhar” (Capable, Strong, and Self-Reliant), emphasizes
the IAF’s commitment to self-reliance and modernization.
 Established on October 8, 1932, the IAF has grown into a formidable force, playing key roles in defense and
humanitarian missions. Distinguished attendees include Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and Air Chief Marshal A.P.
Singh, highlighting the IAF’s significance and inspiring future generations to contribute to national security.
World Mental Health Day 2024
 Observed on October 10, World Mental Health Day aims to raise awareness and support mental health initiatives
globally. The 2024 theme, "Mental Health at Work," highlights the critical link between mental well-being and the

192
workplace. With a significant portion of the global population employed, fostering safe, inclusive environments is
essential.
International Day for the Eradication of Poverty 2024
 Held annually on October 17, the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty highlights global efforts to end
poverty. The 2024 theme, “Ending Social and Institutional Maltreatment,” focuses on the social discrimination and
institutional bias faced by those in poverty. This theme aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 16, promoting just
and inclusive societies.
 Established by the UN in 1992, the day commemorates a 1987 Paris gathering, where thousands advocated for
poverty eradication as a human right, emphasizing dignity and equality for all.
World Polio Day 2024
 Observed annually on October 24, World Polio Day highlights global efforts to eradicate polio. Established by Rotary
International in 1985, this day honors Dr. Jonas Salk, who developed the first polio vaccine. Although 99% of the world
is polio-free, cases still emerge in countries like Pakistan and Afghanistan.
 Vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks in various regions, including the U.S. and India, underline the need for
continuous vaccination and surveillance. Global organizations remain committed to ending polio, emphasizing the
importance of vaccination, quick outbreak response, and international collaboration.
Commemoration of Sardar Patel’s 150th Birth Anniversary
 The Indian government will celebrate the 150th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel with a two-year
nationwide program from 2024 to 2026. Announced by Union Home Minister Amit Shah, this initiative honors Patel's
vital role in unifying India and establishing a robust democracy.
 Born on October 31, 1875, Patel was instrumental in integrating over 550 princely states post-independence and
contributed to the Indian Constitution. His legacy, celebrated as Rashtriya Ekta Diwas since 2014, continues to inspire
national unity. Key memorials include the Statue of Unity, symbolizing his enduring impact on Indian governance.
Vigilance Awareness Week 2024
 Vigilance Awareness Week, from October 28 to November 3, 2024, is initiated by the Central Vigilance Commission
(CVC) to combat corruption in India. The theme for 2024 is “Culture of Integrity for Nation’s Prosperity.”
 This observance aims to raise awareness about corruption's impact, encourage reporting of unethical practices, and
promote integrity in governance. With India ranking 93rd on the corruption perception index, the week emphasizes
the importance of ethics and transparency. The CVC, established in 1964 and given statutory status in 2003, plays a
pivotal role in fostering vigilance and integrity in public administration.

OBITUARIES
Dame Maggie Smith, A Legendary Actress Passes at 89
The world of entertainment mourns the loss of Dame Maggie Smith, the celebrated British actress known for her roles in
Harry Potter and Downton Abbey, who passed away at the age of 89. Her family confirmed that she died peacefully in a
hospital surrounded by loved ones. Smith's illustrious career spanned over six decades, earning her two Academy Awards:
Best Actress for The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie and Best Supporting Actress for California Suite. Regarded as one of the
finest actresses of her time, she leaves behind a lasting legacy in film and theater.
Tata Sons Chairman Ratan Tata Passes Away At 86
Tata Sons Chairman Ratan Tata passed away on October 9, 2024, at the age of 86 due to a prolonged age-related illness at
Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai. His death marks the end of an era, as Tata's leadership left a profound impact on India's
business and philanthropic landscape. Renowned as the "Missile Man of India," he transformed the Tata Group into a
global powerhouse. His philanthropic efforts established him as a significant benefactor, contributing around 60-65% of
his income to charity. Tata's legacy continues to inspire millions, reflecting his commitment to both business excellence
and social responsibility.
Passing of P. Venugopal: A Pioneer in Cardiac Surgery
Dr. P. Venugopal, former Director of AIIMS and a trailblazer in cardiac surgery, passed away on October 8, 2024, at the age
of 82. He was renowned for performing India’s first heart transplant and over 50,000 heart surgeries, earning him the
Padma Bhushan in 1998. Born in Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, he graduated from AIIMS and established the first open-
heart surgery clinic there in 1974. His legacy includes training over 100 cardiac surgeons and introducing innovative

193
techniques like stem cell therapy. Dr. Venugopal’s contributions have profoundly impacted cardiac care in India, inspiring
future generations.
Sanskrit Scholar Vasant Anant Gadgil Passes Away at 94
Renowned Sanskrit scholar Vasant Anant Gadgil, founder of Sharda Gyan Peetham, passed away in Pune at 94. Known for
his global contributions to Sanskrit education, Gadgil taught at Tilak Maharashtra University and promoted Sanskrit
internationally, including in the US and Africa. He researched ancient texts at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
and launched significant projects like the Sharda magazine and the Sharada Gaurav Granthamala series. Honored with the
Mahakavi Kalidas Sanskrit-Vrati National Award, Gadgil’s legacy endures through his family and lifelong dedication to
Sanskrit.
Renowned Physicist and Gender Equity Proponent Rohini Godbole Passes at 71
Professor Rohini Godbole, a celebrated physicist and Padma Shri awardee, passed away in Bengaluru at 72 after a brief
illness. Known for her groundbreaking work in particle physics and strong advocacy for gender equality in science, she
inspired countless women in STEM. Godbole’s academic journey spanned IIT Bombay, Stony Brook University, and a
professorship at IISc Bangalore. Her notable achievements include contributions to CERN and the co-editing of Lilavati’s
Daughters. Her legacy endures as a champion for women in science and an influential educator.
Justice KS Puttaswamy, Key Figure in Right to Privacy Case, Passes Away at 98
Justice K.S. Puttaswamy, the pivotal petitioner in India’s landmark right to privacy case, passed away at 98. Born in Kolar,
Karnataka, he served as a Karnataka High Court judge and later as the first vice chairperson of the Central Administrative
Tribunal in Bengaluru. His 2012 petition challenging Aadhaar’s constitutionality led to the historic 2017 Supreme Court
ruling affirming privacy as a fundamental right. Puttaswamy’s legacy endures in the landmark decision that reshaped
India’s privacy protections and impacted legislation around individual rights in the digital era.

RANKING
India Reaches Global Cybersecurity Index’s Highest Tier in 2024
 India has achieved Tier 1 status in the Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) 2024, published by the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU). Scoring an impressive 98.49, India joins the top global performers, underscoring its
commitment to cybersecurity. This recognition reflects India’s advances in legal frameworks, technical capabilities,
organizational structures, capacity development, and cooperation initiatives.
 Led by the Department of Telecommunications and supported by the Ministry of Communications, India’s Tier 1 status
enhances national security, boosts investor confidence, and sets a global benchmark in digital safety.
Kerala Tops India’s State Food Safety Index Again in 2024
 For the second year in a row, Kerala has led the State Food Safety Index (SFSI) 2024, as revealed during the FSSAI
Global Food Regulators Summit. Introduced by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) in 2018-19,
the SFSI encourages state-level food safety improvement through five assessment parameters: human resources,
compliance, food testing infrastructure, training, and consumer empowerment. Kerala achieved top inspection targets
and enhanced food-testing facilities.
 The FSSAI also launched new online portals to streamline food safety and import transparency.
India Rises to Asia’s Third Most Powerful Nation in Power Index, Surpassing Japan
 In the 2024 Asia Power Index by Australia’s Lowy Institute, India has overtaken Japan, ranking third after the US and
China. This shift signifies India’s increasing regional influence, driven by economic growth, military modernization,
and diplomatic assertiveness.
 The Asia Power Index evaluates 27 Asia-Pacific nations on military, economic, diplomatic, and cultural parameters.
While Japan remains an economic powerhouse, its slower population growth and restrained military stance have
affected its standing. India’s rise underscores its potential as a future global superpower, though challenges like
income disparity and infrastructure development remain.
Switzerland Tops World Talent Ranking 2024; India Drops to 58th
 In the IMD World Talent Ranking 2024, Switzerland leads globally, followed by Singapore, with strengths in
investment, development, and appeal. India ranks 58th with a talent score of 40.47, reflecting a decline from last year’s
56th position and 52nd in 2022.

194
 The ranking assesses 67 economies across three key factors: Investment & Development, Appeal, and Readiness.
India's drop highlights challenges in readiness and investment metrics, while the top performers maintain competitive
scores due to robust quality of life, health, and education standards.

India’s Rising Stars: Highlights from the Hurun India Under-35 List 2024
 The Hurun India Under-35 list 2024 celebrates 150 young entrepreneurs who are shaping India’s business landscape,
with notable names like Isha and Akash Ambani. It features diverse sectors, from edtech, led by innovators like Alakh
Pandey of Physics Wallah, to fintech and retail, reflecting India’s dynamic entrepreneurial environment. 82% of the
list comprises self-made entrepreneurs, emphasizing India’s entrepreneurial vigor.
 Leaders like Ghazal Alagh (Mama Earth) highlight gender diversity, although improvement is needed. Bengaluru and
Mumbai lead as innovation centers, with 29 and 26 entrepreneurs, respectively.
HAL Elevated to 14th Maharatna Status in India
 Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is now India’s 14th Maharatna Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE),
enhancing its financial and operational autonomy.
 Approved by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, this upgrade permits HAL to invest up to 15% of its net worth in
projects and ₹5,000 crore in foreign ventures without prior government consent. This status aligns HAL with other
major Maharatna PSUs like NTPC and ONGC, boosting its capacity to compete globally in the defense sector.
2024 Economic Freedom of the World Report:
 The Economic Freedom of the World 2024 report assesses 165 jurisdictions on economic freedom. The top economies
for economic freedom in 2022 were Hong Kong, Singapore, and Switzerland, with the U.S. ranking fifth.
 High economic freedom is linked to greater GDP per capita, longer life expectancy, and better quality of life. However,
economic freedom globally has declined over the past three years, reversing a 20-year improvement trend. India ranks
84th, while other major economies like Japan (11th), Germany (16th), and China (104th) show varied standings,
highlighting diverse approaches to economic policies.
India Ranks 79th in Rule of Law Index 2024
 The 2024 World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law Index places India 79th among 142 countries, marking its
performance within global and South Asian contexts. India ranks third in South Asia, following Nepal (69th) and Sri
Lanka (75th).
 Despite slight progress in anti-corruption and transparency, India faces challenges in civil liberties (102nd) and
judicial efficiency. Globally, Denmark, Norway, and Finland lead the Index, while Venezuela, Afghanistan, and
Myanmar rank lowest. India’s score emphasizes areas for improvement in government accountability, fundamental
rights, and the justice system.
Lahore Tops Global Pollution Index with AQI of 708
 Lahore has been declared the world's most polluted city once again, recording an AQI of 708 and PM2.5 levels at 431
µg/m³—86 times the WHO's safe limit. The pollution, mainly from vehicular and industrial emissions, poses severe
health risks.
 In response, the Punjab government has deployed the Anti-Smog Squad to educate farmers on eco-friendly practices
and introduced climate diplomacy to address cross-border pollution with India. Long-term strategies include adding
environmental education to schools and exploring artificial rain as a temporary solution to reduce immediate
pollution impacts.

SPORTS
India to Host First-Ever Kho Kho World Cup in 2025
 India will host the inaugural Kho Kho World Cup in 2025, welcoming 24 countries from six continents.
 Organized by the Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI) and the International Kho Kho Federation, the event will feature
16 men's and 16 women's teams. The KKFI will also introduce Kho Kho to 200 schools in 10 cities to boost grassroots
engagement.
Deepika Kumari Wins Silver at 2024 Archery World Cup Final in Mexico
 Indian archer Deepika Kumari secured a silver medal in the women’s recurve event at the 2024 Archery World Cup
Final in Tlaxcala, Mexico, on October 20. Facing China’s Li Jiaman in the final, Deepika lost 6-0, marking her sixth medal

195
at the World Cup Finals, with previous silvers in 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2015, and a bronze in 2018. At 30, she
continues to be a top international competitor for India. Deepika was the only Indian medalist in the event, where five
Indian archers, including Jyothi Surekha Vennam, participated.
New Zealand Clinches First Women’s T20 World Cup Title
 New Zealand’s women’s cricket team made history by winning their maiden T20 World Cup, led by captain Sophie
Devine.
 In a thrilling final held in Dubai, they triumphed over South Africa, marking a remarkable turnaround given their
previous struggles in the format. Key victories, particularly against India, boosted their confidence and set the stage
for this achievement. Devine’s leadership was instrumental, uniting the team and driving them to success.
18-Year-Old Nima Rinji Sherpa Sets Record by Summiting World’s 14 Highest Peaks
 Nima Rinji Sherpa, an 18-year-old Nepali mountaineer, has made history by becoming the youngest person to climb
all 14 of the world’s peaks over 8,000 meters (26,246 feet). His historic ascent was completed on October 9, 2024,
when he summited Shisha Pangma in Tibet, standing at 26,335 feet.
 Coming from a family of renowned climbers and being part of Nepal’s largest mountaineering expedition company,
Nima’s record-breaking achievement marks a significant milestone in mountaineering, underscoring the
extraordinary capabilities and contributions of the Sherpa community to high-altitude climbing.
India to Host Inaugural International Esports Championship in 2025
 India will host the first-ever International Esports Masters in March 2025, organized by the Skillhub Online Games
Federation (SOGF) and International Esports Federation (IESF). Expected to attract participants from 150 countries,
the tournament aims to elevate India's Esports profile globally.
 SOGF president Shankar Aggarwal emphasized state sponsorship's role in determining the host city, while IESF plans
to introduce a club-based format for broader community engagement. Despite infrastructure challenges, organizers
are optimistic about India’s capacity to meet the event’s high-tech requirements and foster Esports growth locally.
Jasprit Bumrah Reaches 400 International Wickets Milestone
 Jasprit Bumrah has become the 10th Indian bowler to achieve 400 international wickets, securing his place among
India’s cricket legends.
 This landmark was reached during the first Test against Bangladesh in Chennai, where Bumrah claimed four key
wickets, finishing with figures of 4/50. His career now spans 196 matches with 401 wickets at an average of 21.01.
This achievement places him in the elite company of Indian bowlers like Anil Kumble, Ravichandran Ashwin, and
Harbhajan Singh.
India's Kamal Chawla Wins Gold at World 6-Red Snooker Championship
 At the 2024 IBSF World Men’s 6-Red Snooker Championship in Mongolia, veteran Indian cueist Kamal Chawla claimed
the gold, defeating a Pakistani opponent in a thrilling comeback. After an initial setback, Chawla won six consecutive
frames to secure victory.
 This marks his first title after a runner-up finish in 2017. India also took home three bronze medals: Malkeet Singh in
the men’s category, Vidya Pillai in the women’s (losing 2-4 to Hong Kong’s Ng On Yee), and Keerthana Pandian, who
fell 0-4 to Hong Kong’s Fong Mei Mei.
Ravindra Jadeja Achieves 300 Test Wickets, Joins Elite Club in Cricket History
 In the ongoing India vs Bangladesh Test series, all-rounder Ravindra Jadeja became the first Indian left-arm spinner
to reach 300 Test wickets. This feat makes him the second fastest in history to achieve 300 wickets and 3000 runs,
following Sir Ian Botham.
 In just his 74th Test, Jadeja surpassed Indian legends Kapil Dev and Ravichandran Ashwin. With a bowling average of
24.00, he ranks second only to Ashwin among Indian bowlers with over 200 wickets. Jadeja is now the seventh Indian
bowler to claim 300-plus Test wickets, further solidifying his legacy.
Virat Kohli Becomes Fastest Cricketer to Reach 27,000 International Runs
 Indian cricket legend Virat Kohli set a new record by reaching 27,000 international runs in just 594 innings, surpassing
Sachin Tendulkar’s previous record of 623 innings.
 Kohli achieved this feat against Bangladesh in the 2nd Test match in Kanpur, joining an elite group alongside
Tendulkar, Ricky Ponting, and Kumar Sangakkara. With a career tally of 27,012 runs, Kohli’s record includes 8,870 in
Tests, 13,906 in ODIs, and 4,188 in T20Is. This milestone follows his earlier records as the fastest to 25,000 and 26,000
runs, further cementing his legacy.

196
India Wins SAFF U-17 Championship 2024 with Unbeaten Run
 The Indian Men’s U-17 football team claimed the SAFF U-17 Championship title, defeating Bangladesh 2-0 in the final
at Bhutan’s Changlimithang Stadium. After a scoreless first half, Mohammed Kaif opened the scoring in the 55th
minute, with Mohammed Arbash sealing the victory in the 95th.
 This triumph extended India’s unbeaten streak in the tournament. Mohammed Arbash was awarded Player of the
Tournament, while Aheibam Suraj Singh won Goalkeeper of the Tournament. This victory marks India’s second
consecutive U-17 SAFF title, continuing their success across junior age categories.
Carlos Alcaraz Defeats World No. 1 Sinner to Win China Open 2024
 Carlos Alcaraz triumphed over World No. 1 Jannik Sinner in a thrilling final at the China Open, winning 6-7, 6-4, 7-6.
 Alcaraz’s comeback victory marked his fourth title of 2024, following wins at Indian Wells, the French Open, and
Wimbledon. This intense match showcased both players’ skills, with Alcaraz dominating the final set tiebreaker. The
win continues his remarkable record against top-5 players, with eight victories out of nine, and solidifies his position
as a rising tennis star. The China Open, held annually in Beijing, is a prestigious ATP 500 event.
Mumbai Wins 15th Irani Cup Title, Ends 27-Year Drought
 Mumbai claimed its 15th Irani Cup title after securing a first-innings lead against Rest of India in a five-day match,
ending a 27-year wait. Led by Ajinkya Rahane, Mumbai posted 537 in the first innings, bolstered by Sarfaraz Khan's
double century. Rest of India responded with 416, with notable performances from Abhimanyu Easwaran (191) and
Dhruv Jurel (93).
 Mumbai extended their lead with a second-innings score of 329/8, supported by Tanush Kotian's century. The match
concluded as a draw, but Mumbai triumphed by virtue of the first-innings lead, with Sarfaraz Khan named Player of
the Match.
Nitish Kumar Unveils Logo and Mascot for Women's Asian Champions Trophy 2024
 Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar launched the logo and mascot, ‘Gudiya,’ for the Women's Asian Champions Trophy
2024, set to be held in Rajgir from November 11-20. Inspired by Bihar's state bird, the sparrow, Gudiya symbolizes
women empowerment in sports, holding a hockey stick and displaying defensive readiness. The logo incorporates the
Bodhi tree and a hockey stick, representing Bihar's cultural heritage and India's national sport.
 Notable attendees included Bihar’s Sports Minister, Indian women’s hockey captain Salima Tete, and Hockey India
Secretary General Bholanath Singh. Six teams will compete in the biennial championship, including India, China, and
South Korea.
Neetu David, Alastair Cook, and AB de Villiers Inducted into ICC Hall of Fame
 The ICC has honored former Indian spinner Neetu David, England’s Alastair Cook, and South Africa’s AB de Villiers by
inducting them into the Hall of Fame for 2024. David, known for her left-arm spin and best figures of 8/53 in a Test
inning, becomes the second Indian woman in the Hall of Fame.
 Cook, a legendary opener, holds the record for 159 consecutive Tests, amassing over 12,000 runs. De Villiers,
celebrated for his dynamic batting and fielding, remains a record-holder for the fastest ODI century, solidifying his
status as a modern cricket icon.
Bala Devi Becomes First Indian Woman to Reach 50 International Goals
 Indian footballer Ngangom Bala Devi has made history as the first Indian woman to score 50 international goals,
achieving this milestone during the 2024 SAFF Women’s Championship in a match against Pakistan.
 A forward for the Manipur Police and the Indian national team, Bala Devi’s journey reflects her dedication and
achievements, from her early career in Manipur to international acclaim with clubs like Rangers in Scotland.
Celebrated for her goal-scoring prowess, Bala also serves as a police inspector, inspiring the next generation of female
athletes to pursue excellence in sports.

SUMMIT’S & MOU’S

2nd Global Food Regulators Summit 2024
 The 2nd Global Food Regulators Summit was inaugurated on September 20, 2024, in New Delhi, alongside the 3rd
World Food India event, fostering global cooperation in food safety. Union Health Minister JP Nadda inaugurated the
summit, with over 50 countries participating, including WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus,
who addressed the gathering virtually.

197
 Organized by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), the summit aims to harmonize food safety
standards, address global challenges, and promote cooperation. Key topics include risk assessment, emerging food
technologies, and enhancing food safety in developing nations, highlighting India’s leadership in international food
regulation.
2024 AYUSH Medical Value Travel Summit Inaugurated in Mumbai
 Union Minister Prataprao Jadhav inaugurated the AYUSH Medical Value Travel Summit 2024 in Mumbai, aiming to
position India as a global hub for holistic healthcare. Themed “Global Synergy in Ayush: Transforming Health and
Wellness through Medical Value Travel,” the summit promotes traditional Indian medicine systems—Ayurveda, Yoga,
Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH)—integrated with modern healthcare.
 Key initiatives include a nationwide 'Women’s Health Check' and collaborations with the Ministry of Tourism to
enhance AYUSH-based medical tourism. Recent IRDAI guidelines now mandate health insurers to cover AYUSH
treatments, advancing India’s medical tourism and healthcare accessibility.
PM Modi Inaugurates ITU Telecom Standards Conference and India Mobile Congress 2024
 On October 15, 2024, PM Narendra Modi launched the first ITU telecom standards conference in India, alongside the
eighth India Mobile Congress (IMC) in New Delhi. Hosting the World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly
(WTSA) for the first time in the Asia-Pacific, India showcased its role in global telecom with a focus on 6G, AI, and IoT.
 IMC 2024, themed “Future is Now,” drew over 120 countries, 400 exhibitors, and 900 startups. This event fosters
collaboration, with India poised to shape telecom standards, benefiting startups and research through knowledge
sharing in IP and patent development.
UK to Transfer Chagos Islands Sovereignty to Mauritius, Ensuring Diego Garcia Base Operations
 The UK and Mauritius have reached a historic agreement to transfer sovereignty of the Chagos Islands, including Diego
Garcia, to Mauritius while allowing continued U.S. military presence on Diego Garcia. This development follows two
years of negotiations, initiated under former PM Rishi Sunak. The agreement enables Mauritius to resettle Chagossians
and includes UK-funded support for the displaced.
 Additionally, both nations will collaborate on environmental protection, maritime security, and infrastructure
projects. India and the U.S. endorsed the agreement, with India emphasizing decolonization and regional stability. This
landmark agreement is seen as a strategic step in the Indian Ocean’s geopolitical landscape.
India-Mauritania Strengthen Ties with Four MoUs
 During President Droupadi Murmu’s historic visit to Mauritania, India and Mauritania signed four MoUs to boost
diplomatic and cultural ties.
 Key agreements include training diplomats, cultural exchange, visa exemptions for officials, and regular foreign office
consultations. These MoUs aim to enhance collaboration across multiple sectors. Mauritania, rich in natural resources,
is an important trade partner, with 2022-23 bilateral trade reaching $378.24 million.
 The visit marks a significant step in Indo-African relations, supporting economic and diplomatic growth between the
nations.
India and Germany to Sign Labor Mobility Pact for Skilled Workers
 India and Germany will sign a labor mobility pact next week, enabling easier movement and skill recognition for Indian
professionals in Germany.
 The agreement, part of the G20 “Skills-based migration pathways” framework, aims to enhance job opportunities and
workforce formalization. Key elements include labor mobility, skill recognition, and entry into non-traditional sectors
like teaching and nursing.
 Germany plans to introduce a digital visa system, organize job fairs, and provide language courses. Currently, around
137,000 skilled Indian professionals work in Germany, with numbers expected to rise.

ECONOMY
Southern States Lead in GDP Contribution,
 A report by the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) reveals stark economic differences among
Indian states. Southern states like Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu now contribute
30% to India’s GDP, fueled by sectors like tech and industry. In contrast, West Bengal’s GDP contribution has declined
from 10.5% in the 1960s to 5.6% in 2024.

198
 Haryana’s economic strategies have outpaced Punjab’s, while Maharashtra’s GDP share has fallen to 13.3%. Poorer
states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar continue to struggle, highlighting uneven benefits from economic reforms across
India.
World Bank Establishes Fund to Support Ukraine’s Recovery
 The World Bank has set up a Financial Intermediary Fund (FIF) to aid Ukraine amid its ongoing conflict with Russia,
with expected contributions from the US, Canada, and Japan. The fund, approved by the World Bank's executive board,
aligns with the G7's $50 billion support goal for Ukraine.
 Additionally, the EU pledged €35 billion and aims to use frozen Russian assets to support Ukraine’s recovery. This
initiative, managed by World Bank President Ajay Banga, seeks global participation to alleviate Ukraine's estimated
$80–$90 billion war expenses and sustain its economy.
WHO Secures $700 Million in Funding for 2025-2028 Budget
 On October 15, 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced in Berlin that it received $700 million in new
pledges for its 2025-2028 budget, supplementing the $300 million already committed by the EU and African Union.
 WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus highlighted the essential role of this funding in strengthening
health systems to enhance societal stability. Germany pledged $392 million, making it a leading contributor. WHO
aims to shift to a funding model where 50% of its budget comes from member fees by 2030-2031, reducing its reliance
on major donors.
RBI Monetary Policy Committee Reshuffles with New Expert Members
 The Indian government has revamped the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) by
appointing three new external members, just days ahead of a crucial policy meeting.
 The new members, Ram Singh, Saugata Bhattacharya, and Dr. Nagesh Kumar, replace Ashima Goyal, Jayanth Varma,
and Shashanka Bhide, whose terms have ended. This change occurs as global economic shifts prompt central banks to
reassess their strategies. Domestically, despite economic slowdown pressures, RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das
continues to prioritize inflation targeting over preemptive rate cuts, adhering to a cautious monetary stance.
 This reshuffle could signal a pivotal adjustment in India’s monetary policy approach amid fluctuating global and
domestic economic conditions.
RBI and Maldives Monetary Authority Seal $400 Million Currency Swap Deal
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Maldives Monetary Authority (MMA) have finalized a $400 million currency
swap agreement under the SAARC Currency Swap Framework, set to last through June 18, 2027.
 This pact provides the Maldives with access to foreign exchange liquidity, crucial for managing balance of payments
stresses. The deal permits access to both US dollars and Euros, alongside Rs 30 billion in Indian Rupees, reinforcing
economic cooperation and ensuring financial stability in the region amidst economic uncertainties. This arrangement
is part of an ongoing effort since 2012 to bolster economic support among SAARC nations.
M. Rajeshwar Rao to Serve Additional Year as RBI Deputy Governor
 M. Rajeshwar Rao's tenure as Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India has been extended for an additional year,
effective October 9, 2024. This decision by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, led by Prime Minister
Narendra Modi, reflects confidence in Rao's contributions to the RBI since his initial appointment in October 2020.
 With an extensive background in banking and economics, Rao's continued leadership will be pivotal in overseeing
critical RBI departments amid evolving economic challenges. This marks his second consecutive one-year extension,
underscoring his pivotal role in the central bank's operations.
RBI Maintains Repo Rate at 6.5%
 During its recent monetary policy review from October 7-9, 2024, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) decided to keep the
repo rate steady at 6.5% for the tenth consecutive time, shifting its policy stance to "neutral." This adjustment signals
a more flexible approach to future rate changes, depending on economic indicators.
 The decision to maintain the repo rate ensures that borrowers will not see an increase in their EMIs, providing stability
in lending rates. Additionally, the RBI has maintained its GDP growth forecast for FY25 at 7.2% and expects CPI
inflation to average at 4.5%, aligning with its medium-term target. This continuity in policy aims to nurture
sustainable economic growth while maintaining price stability.

199
RBI Imposes Sanctions on Navi Finserv and Three Other NBFCs for Lending Violations
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has taken strict regulatory action against four non-banking financial companies
(NBFCs), including Navi Finserv, barring them from disbursing new loans starting October 21, 2024.
 This decision, affecting Navi Finserv, Asirvad Microfinance, Arohan Financial Services, and DMI Finance, comes after
the RBI found these entities charging excessively high interest rates and not adhering to pricing and repayment
capacity assessment guidelines. The RBI's crackdown underscores its commitment to ensuring fair lending practices
and protecting borrowers from usurious rates and unsustainable debt burdens. The affected companies are required
to rectify their compliance failures and align their operations with RBI directives to resume loan disbursal.
India and South Korea Set for Major Inclusion in FTSE Russell Bond Indexes in 2025
 FTSE Russell, a prominent global index provider, has announced the inclusion of India’s sovereign bonds in its
Emerging Markets Government Bond Index (EMGBI) starting September 2025, a move that aligns with earlier
inclusions by JP Morgan and Bloomberg Index Services.
 This significant step is expected to channel billions of dollars into India's local bond market, enhancing its global
visibility and attractiveness. Similarly, South Korean government bonds are slated to join the FTSE World Government
Bond Index (WGBI) in November 2025, reflecting their steady market performance and resolving previous concerns
about their listing.
 These inclusions are anticipated to bring substantial foreign investment into both countries, bolstering their financial
markets and contributing to economic growth.

200
1
IMPORTANT ONE LINERS
NATIONAL
PM Modi Inaugurates Airports in Saharanpur, Rewa, and Ambikapur under RCS-UDAN
● Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated three new airports in Saharanpur (Uttar Pradesh), Rewa (Madhya
Pradesh), and Ambikapur (Chhattisgarh) under the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) – UDAN from Varanasi.
● This initiative marks a significant step in boosting regional air connectivity in underserved areas. Launched in 2016
as part of India’s National Civil Aviation Policy, UDAN has facilitated travel for over 144 lakh passengers in seven years.
● The scheme has expanded connectivity through innovative measures, including tourism routes, helicopter operations,
and water aerodromes, and continues to support regional airlines.
● The new airports aim to promote tourism, enhance regional development, and further integrate remote regions into
the national aviation network, demonstrating the government’s commitment to making air travel accessible for
common citizens.
India’s First Coal Gallery Inaugurated at National Science Centre, New Delhi
● Union Ministers Gajendra Singh Shekhawat and Satish Chandra Dubey inaugurated the first-ever coal gallery, "Black
Diamond – Unveiling the Depths," at the National Science Centre, New Delhi.
● The exhibition traces coal’s journey from its formation to its role in modern energy production, featuring advanced
interactive displays like a virtual coal mine descent and a dragline simulator.
● It highlights technological advancements in coal mining, environmental practices, and Coal India Limited’s
reclamation efforts. A tribute to the Raniganj mining rescue operation celebrates miners' bravery.
● The gallery aims to educate visitors about coal’s historical and economic significance while promoting sustainable
energy innovation.
Namo Bharat Diwas: Celebrating One Year of India’s First RRTS
● India celebrated the first anniversary of its Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS), known as Namo Bharat, on October
22, 2024. The event, organised by the National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC), highlighted the
system's achievements in transforming regional connectivity.
● Operational since October 2023, the 42-kilometre corridor has served over 4 million passengers across nine stations,
including Sahibabad and Ghaziabad, with an average speed of 80 km/h. Union Ministers Manohar Lal Khattar and
Tokhan Sahu praised the initiative and honoured employees for their contributions.
● Future plans include expanding the corridor to 82 kilometres by June 2025, allowing travel from Delhi to Meerut in
under an hour, showcasing India's commitment to modern and sustainable urban transport.
Bharat Chana Dal Phase II Launched to Ensure Affordable Pulses
● Union Minister Pralhad Joshi launched Phase II of Bharat Chana Dal in Delhi-NCR, introducing 3 lakh tons of Chana
Dal at ₹70/kg and Chana Whole at ₹58/kg through outlets like NCCF, NAFED, and Kendriya Bhandar.
● The initiative aims to stabilise pulse prices during the festive season. Bharat-brand dals now include Moong and
Masur, priced at ₹107 and ₹93/kg, respectively. Policy measures like raised MSP and duty-free imports of key pulses
until March 2025 are in place to boost supply and curb prices.
● Additionally, the government has distributed 1.15 lakh tons of procured onions across 21 states, enhancing food
security nationwide.
Union Minister Rajiv Ranjan Singh to Launch 21st Livestock Census
● Union Minister Shri Rajiv Ranjan Singh, also known as Lalan Singh, will inaugurate the 21st Livestock Census on
October 25, 2024, in New Delhi.
● Conducted every five years since 1919, this edition will run until February 2025, with data collected digitally by over
1 lakh veterinarians and para-veterinarians nationwide. Covering 15 livestock species and various poultry types, the
census will document 219 indigenous breeds recognized by ICAR-NBAGR.

97
● Unique aspects include independent data on pastoralists’ livestock holdings and gender-based insights into livestock
rearing. The initiative aims to support tailored policies and sustainable growth in animal husbandry and dairy sectors.
Government Introduces Compassionate Allowance for Seniors Over 80
● The Department of Pension and Pensioners’ Welfare (DoPPW) has launched an additional pension initiative, termed
compassionate allowance, for central government pensioners aged 80 and above.
● Under the scheme, pensioners will receive incremental increases based on age brackets: 20% for those aged 80-85,
30% for 85-90, 40% for 90-95, 50% for 95-100, and 100% for those aged 100 and above. Effective from the first day
of the month in which the pensioner reaches the qualifying age, this initiative simplifies access through new guidelines.
● Designed to assist senior pensioners with rising living costs, the scheme aims to honour their contributions while
ensuring a dignified standard of living.
Indian Art Showcased at BRICS Summit Through Unique Gifts
● Prime Minister Narendra Modi presented traditional Indian artifacts to global leaders at the BRICS Summit in Kazan,
Russia, highlighting the country’s rich cultural heritage. Russian President Vladimir Putin received a Sohrai painting
from Jharkhand, depicting harmony with nature through vibrant agrarian motifs. Iran’s President was gifted a Mother
of Pearl Sea Shell Vase from Maharashtra, showcasing intricate coastal craftsmanship.
● Uzbekistan’s President received a Warli painting, an ancient tribal art from Maharashtra, symbolising simplicity and
respect for nature. These gifts, chosen under India’s One District One Product (ODOP) initiative, promote regional
crafts and sustainable development while strengthening diplomaticties.
Centre to Launch Census in 2025, Followed by Lok Sabha Delimitation
● The Central government will begin the delayed census exercise in 2025, aiming for completion by 2026. Originally
scheduled for 2021, the census faced a four-year delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
● Post-census, the BJP-led government plans a delimitation of Lok Sabha seats, expected to conclude by 2028.
Adjustments to the decadal census cycle will see the next census in 2035. While there is demand for a caste-based
census, no decision has been announced.
● Administrative preparations include the extended tenure of Registrar General Mritunjay Kumar Narayan until 2026,
with census methodology details to be revealed by Union Home Minister Amit Shah.
PM Modi and Spanish PM Pedro Sanchez Inaugurate Tata Aircraft Complex in Gujarat
● Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Spain's PM Pedro Sanchez inaugurated the Tata Aircraft Complex at Vadodara,
Gujarat, marking India’s first private-sector Final Assembly Line (FAL) for military aircraft.
● This facility will manufacture C-295 transport aircraft, with 40 of 56 aircraft to be produced locally under the “Make
in India” initiative. PM Modi highlighted the project’s rapid completion since its foundation in 2022 and its potential
to boost defense manufacturing, job creation, and MSME growth.
● The collaboration symbolizes strengthened India-Spain ties and supports India’s ambitions in aerospace, skill
development, and defense exports.
India’s First Writer’s Village Inaugurated in Dehradun
● Former President Ram Nath Kovind, along with Uttarakhand Governor Lt Gen Gurmeet Singh (retd) and Chief Minister
Pushkar Singh Dhami, inaugurated India’s first Writer’s Village in Dehradun. Conceptualized by former CM Nishank,
the village offers tranquil spaces like writing cottages, healing gardens, and a meditation center to inspire literary
creation.
● The event coincided with the ‘Sparsh Himalaya Mahotsav-2024,’ featuring the release of Nishank’s book Ram in the
Himalayas. With attendees from 65 countries, the village aims to foster cultural exchange and strengthen
Uttarakhand’s status as a literary hub.

98
PM Modi Launches ₹12,850 Crore Healthcare Projects on Ayurveda Day
● On the occasion of Dhanvantari Jayanti and the 9th Ayurveda Day, PM Narendra Modi inaugurated healthcare projects
worth ₹12,850 crore at the All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi. Key initiatives include seven ESIC projects
valued at ₹1,641 crore, benefiting 55 lakh workers and their families.
● A 300-bed ESIC hospital in Indore was inaugurated, alongside foundations for new hospitals in Karnataka, Madhya
Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Haryana. PM Modi emphasized India’s healthcare progress, including
integration of ESIC with Ayushman Bharat, the world’s largest health insurance scheme.
● These developments aim to enhance healthcare infrastructure, align with “Make in India” efforts, and provide
accessible and high-quality care nationwide.
India’s First Made-in-India C295 Aircraft to Roll Out by 2026
● India will launch its first indigenously assembled C295 military transport aircraft from Vadodara by September 2026.
Inaugurated by PM Narendra Modi and Spanish PM Pedro Sanchez, the facility will produce over 85% of the aircraft’s
components domestically, creating around 10,000 jobs.
● This “Make in India” initiative involves assembling 40 of 56 aircraft in India through a collaboration between Airbus
and Tata Advanced Systems. The project highlights India’s growing aerospace capabilities and deepening defense ties
with Spain, including technology transfer and boosting the MSME sector.
Konark Wheel Replicas Installed at Rashtrapati Bhavan
● Four sandstone replicas of the iconic Konark wheel have been installed at the Rashtrapati Bhavan Cultural Centre and
Amrit Udyan.
● This initiative, inspired by the UNESCO-listed Konark Sun Temple in Odisha, aims to celebrate India’s rich cultural
heritage and educate visitors on the artistic and historical significance of the Konark wheel. Designed as a colossal
chariot of the Sun god, the original temple wheel features intricate carvings symbolizing time, life, and spirituality.
● The replicas are part of efforts to enhance the cultural experience at Rashtrapati Bhavan, reflecting the architectural
brilliance and legacy of India’s ancient craftsmanship.
Piyush Goyal Promotes ‘One District One Product’ in Riyadh
● Union Minister Piyush Goyal inaugurated the “One District One Product” (ODOP) Wall at the Indian Embassy in Riyadh
on October 31, 2024, during his visit to Saudi Arabia.
● This initiative aims to showcase local products from Indian districts on international platforms, promoting them under
the “Made in India” campaign. ODOP seeks to transform districts into export hubs, supporting artisans and
entrepreneurs through global market access. Goyal also engaged with the Indian diaspora, celebrating Diwali and
strengthening economic ties.
● Launched in 2018, ODOP focuses on fostering economic growth and creating rural employment by promoting district-
specific products globally.
EAM Jaishankar Inaugurates India’s First Consulate in Queensland
● External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar inaugurated India’s new consulate in Brisbane on November 4, 2024,
strengthening ties with Queensland and Australia.
● This marks India’s first consulate in Queensland, complementing existing consulates in Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney.
● Led by Consul General Neetu Bhagotia, the consulate aims to support the Indian diaspora, which includes nearly
100,000 residents in Queensland, and enhance trade, education, and research collaborations.
● Jaishankar highlighted Queensland's role in driving bilateral trade, supported by the Economic Cooperation and Trade
Agreement (ECTA), which has boosted sectors like renewable energy and agriculture. He emphasized growing India-
Australia relations under the leadership of PMs Narendra Modi and Anthony Albanese.
President Murmu Witnesses Naval Operations on INS Vikrant
● On November 7, 2024, President Droupadi Murmu visited the indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant, observing
advanced naval exercises, including fighter jet take-offs, missile drills, and submarine maneuvers.

99
● She commended the Navy’s operational excellence and gender inclusivity efforts, including the induction of women
Agniveers. INS Vikrant, India’s first indigenously built aircraft carrier, highlights India’s maritime strength and self-
reliance in defense manufacturing.
Bengaluru Unveils First Digital Population Clock at ISEC
● On November 8, Bengaluru inaugurated its first digital population clock at the Institute for Social and Economic
Change (ISEC). Jointly developed with the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the clock provides real-time
population estimates for Karnataka (updates every 1 minute, 10 seconds) and India (updates every 2 seconds).
● Positioned to raise awareness about population growth's impact, the clock incorporates demographic indicators like
birth rates, death rates, and migration patterns. Additionally, ISEC launched a Census Data Research Workstation to
support in-depth demographic research and policy planning.
Centre Doubles Penalty for Stubble Burning to Curb Pollution
● In response to Supreme Court criticism, the Centre has doubled penalties for stubble burning under the Environment
Protection Act.
● Farmers with less than two acres will face ₹5,000 fines, those with 2-5 acres ₹10,000, and those with over five acres
₹30,000.
● Implemented through the CAQM Act of 2021, the rules apply to Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, and NCR regions in Rajasthan
and Uttar Pradesh. Despite reduced stubble burning incidents, Delhi’s air quality remains poor, with an average AQI
of 367. Fines aim to discourage violations and improve environmental conditions in affected regions.
ATMOS 2024: Tech Extravaganza at BITS Pilani, Hyderabad
● ATMOS 2024, a three-day tech fest at BITS Pilani’s Hyderabad campus, runs from November 8 to 10, showcasing
technical and cultural brilliance.
● Highlights include Robot Wars, Drone Racing, ATV Racing, Hackathons, and a Tech Expo featuring over 100 student
projects in AI, robotics, and software. Organized since 2012, ATMOS offers exciting competitions, workshops, and
entertainment, including celebrity interactions and concerts.
● With participation from across India, the event fosters innovation, industry connections, and prizes for winning
projects, cementing its reputation as a premier tech festival.
Sitharaman Launches MSME Outreach Programme and Expands SIDBI in Karnataka
● Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman launched the National MSME Cluster Outreach Programme in Bengaluru,
linking 150 MSME clusters virtually to enhance financial access.
● She inaugurated six new SIDBI branches in Karnataka and four Nari Shakti branches of Union Bank, empowering
women entrepreneurs.
● Sitharaman set ambitious MSME credit targets, aiming for ₹5.75 lakh crore by FY 2024-25. A new Canara Bank
Learning Centre in Bengaluru was also inaugurated. SIDBI signed an MoU with Peenya Industries Association for
capacity building, while sanction letters worth ₹36.75 crore were distributed under various schemes.
● The event underscores MSMEs' role in innovation, job creation, and India’s self-reliance.
Kartarpur Sahib Corridor Marks 5 Years of Connectivity
● The Kartarpur Sahib Corridor, inaugurated on November 9, 2019, by PM Modi, celebrates five years of enabling visa-
free access for Indian pilgrims to the Gurdwara Sri Kartarpur Sahib in Pakistan, where Guru Nanak spent his final
years.
● Over 3.4 lakh devotees have visited since its opening. The corridor symbolizes religious diplomacy, fostering ties
between India and Pakistan despite political challenges.
● Kartarpur, founded by Guru Nanak in 1504 CE, holds immense Sikh religious significance. Restored by Pakistan in
2004, the gurdwara now serves as a key site for Sikh pilgrims.

100
Justice DY Chandrachud Retires as CJI, Leaves a Lasting Legacy
● Justice DY Chandrachud concluded his two-year tenure as the 50th Chief Justice of India on November 11, 2024.
Known for landmark rulings like the Ayodhya verdict, decriminalization of gay sex, and recognizing the right to
privacy, he expanded individual rights and judicial accessibility.
● His administrative reforms included digitizing court records and improving disabled-friendly access under the e-
Courts project. A Harvard alumnus, he upheld his family legacy, following his father, Y.V. Chandrachud, as CJI.
● Justice Chandrachud’s transformative decisions have profoundly shaped India’s judiciary, making it more inclusive
and transparent.
Hindalco Tops Global Sustainability Rankings for 5th Consecutive Year
● Hindalco Industries Ltd., a part of the Aditya Birla Group, has been ranked the world’s most sustainable aluminium
company in the 2024 S&P Global Corporate Sustainability Assessment. With 87 points, the company leads in ESG
practices, climate strategy, and waste management, surpassing competitors by 22 points.
● Hindalco reduced GHG emissions by 19.54% (compared to FY 2011-12), recycled 85% of operational waste, and aims
for zero waste-to-landfill by 2030. It also committed to sourcing 30% of energy from renewables by 2030. Social
programs impacted 2.5 million lives, with ₹154 crore invested in FY24. Hindalco’s achievements reflect its leadership
in sustainability and governance.
55th International Film Festival of India: A Global Cinematic Celebration
● The 55th International Film Festival of India (IFFI) commences in Panaji, Goa, showcasing diverse global and Indian
cinema from November 20-28, 2024. With the theme "Young Filmmakers – The Future is Now," the festival celebrates
creativity, inclusivity, and cultural exchange.
● Highlights include 25 Feature Films and 20 Non-Feature Films in the Indian Panorama, tributes to icons like Raj
Kapoor, and a focus on Australia as the “Country of Focus.”
● Workshops, masterclasses, and networking events such as “Film Bazaar” provide opportunities for budding talent.
Accessibility features like ramps and braille signage emphasize inclusivity. Established in 1952, IFFI remains a
premier platform for global cinema and cultural collaboration.
5th National EMRS Fest Celebrates Tribal Heritage & Birsa Munda's Legacy
● The 5th National EMRS Cultural & Literary Fest is being held in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, from November 12-15, 2024,
organized by NESTS and hosted by OMTES. Over 2,000 tribal students from EMRSs nationwide are participating in 35
cultural events, including music, dance, and visual arts, showcasing India's tribal diversity.
● The event commemorates the 150th birth anniversary of Bhagwan Birsa Munda, celebrating his contributions as a
tribal freedom fighter and social reformer. Winners will advance to the National Kala Utsav in Bhopal, promoting
cultural expression and tribal empowerment while fostering unity and national recognition for tribal talents.
Ministry of Coal Launches Mine Opening Permission Module on SWCS Portal
● The Ministry of Coal inaugurated the Mine Opening Permission module on the Single Window Clearance System
(SWCS) portal on November 7, 2024. Launched by Secretary Vikram Dev Dutt, this initiative aims to streamline coal
mine approval processes through online applications and real-time tracking.
● It reduces paperwork, enhances transparency, and fosters an investment-friendly environment. Aligned with the
vision of a digitally enabled economy, the module accelerates coal production, supporting energy security and
sustainable development. Since SWCS's launch in 2021, such digital solutions have modernized the coal sector,
ensuring efficient and transparent operations.
Supreme Court Overturns 1967 Ruling on AMU’s Minority Status
● On November 8, 2024, the Supreme Court overturned its 1967 Azeez Basha ruling, which denied Aligarh Muslim
University (AMU) minority status. The 4-3 decision allows reassessment of AMU’s status under Article 30, considering
its origins, purpose, and administration.

101
● The ruling emphasizes that statutory recognition does not negate an institution's minority character. Founded by Sir
Syed Ahmad Khan in 1875, AMU’s role in Muslim socio-educational upliftment remains pivotal. While this decision
reopens discussions on AMU’s legacy, dissenting justices raised concerns over procedural issues and historical
interpretation.
MHA Approves CISF’s First All-Women Unit
● On November 12, 2024, the Ministry of Home Affairs approved the formation of the Central Industrial Security Force’s
(CISF) first all-women battalion.
● This historic decision aims to promote gender equality in the security sector and inspire more women to join CISF.
● The battalion will undergo specialized training to handle diverse roles, including VIP security, airport security, and
Delhi Metro duties. CISF, established in 1969 and operating under the Ministry of Home Affairs, secures 359
establishments across India.
● This initiative highlights a significant step toward empowering women and enhancing CISF’s role in safeguarding
national assets.
Govt Approves 12 Research Projects Under Technical Textiles Mission
● On November 12, 2024, the government approved 12 research projects worth ₹13.3 crore under the National
Technical Textiles Mission, chaired by Union Textiles Minister Giriraj Singh. The projects focus on geotextiles, smart
textiles, and composites, proposed by IITs, NITs, and CRRI.
● With 168 projects now approved under the mission, totaling ₹509 crore, the initiative aims to enhance R&D capacity
and develop high-performance fibers.
● The government targets $10 billion in technical textile exports and 50,000 metric tonnes of silk production by 2030,
generating 1 crore jobs and boosting industry innovation through startup support.
India International Trade Fair 2024 Opens in Delhi
● The 43rd India International Trade Fair (IITF) began on November 14, 2024, at Pragati Maidan, Delhi, featuring the
theme "Vocal for Local, Local to Global." Running until November 27, the event showcases over 3,500 exhibitors,
including participants from 11 countries like Egypt, Iran, South Korea, and UAE.
● With 1 lakh daily visitors expected, IITF 2024 emphasizes global trade and India's cultural heritage.
Website Launch Marks Preparations for 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas in Bhubaneswar
● The 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) Convention will take place in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, from January 8 to January
10, 2025, in collaboration with the state government. Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the event, as
announced by the Ministry of External Affairs.
● The convention's theme, “Diaspora’s contribution to a Viksit Bharat,” emphasizes the Indian diaspora’s role in national
progress. External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar and Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi launched the
official website, enabling online registrations and accommodation bookings.
● A youth edition of the convention, in partnership with the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, will be held, and
President Droupadi Murmu will confer the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awards during the valedictory session.
● Odisha’s Chief Minister extended an invitation to the diaspora, highlighting the state’s rich heritage and urging
participation in large numbers.
PM Modi to Launch Tribal Development Projects on Birsa Munda’s Birth Anniversary
● Prime Minister Narendra Modi will visit Jamui district, Bihar, on November 15, 2024, to mark the 150th birth
anniversary of Birsa Munda, celebrated as Janjatiya Gaurav Divas (Tribal Pride Day).
● He will unveil development projects worth over ₹6,640 crore, including two Tribal Freedom Fighters’ Museums and
two Tribal Research Institutes aimed at preserving tribal heritage. Modi will also participate in the Grih Pravesh of
11,000 houses built under the PM-JANMAN scheme for tribal communities.
● Janjatiya Gaurav Divas honors tribal contributions to India’s freedom struggle, with special tribute to Birsa Munda, a
revered leader known for his role in the Munda Rebellion.

102
IMD Launches Dedicated Weather Forecasting for Sabarimala Pilgrimage
● The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has introduced a localized weather forecasting system for the Sabarimala
pilgrimage, akin to those used for the Amarnath and Char Dham yatras.
● Three rain gauges have been installed at Sannidhanam, Pamba, and Nilakkal, offering three-day weather forecasts,
with plans to upgrade to real-time “nowcasts.”
● The initiative, requested by the Pathanamthitta district administration, aims to enhance safety in the flood-prone
region. Additionally, weather updates will be integrated into the multilingual “Swamy AI Chat Bot” app, providing real-
time assistance to pilgrims. Future upgrades include temperature monitoring and a permanent weather station.
PM Modi to Inaugurate the First Bodoland Mohotsov in Delhi
● Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the first-ever Bodoland Mohotsov on November 15, 2024, at 6:30 PM
at the SAI Indira Gandhi Sports Complex, New Delhi. The two-day event, themed “Peace and Harmony for Prosperous
Bharat,” celebrates Bodo culture, language, and literature while promoting peace and integration post the 2020 Bodo
Peace Accord.
● Key sessions will focus on Bodo culture, education under NEP 2020, and tourism. The event aims to foster prosperity,
raise awareness about Bodoland's cultural and linguistic heritage, and attract over 5,000 participants from India and
neighbouring countries.
Clean Ganga Mission Launches Dolphin Ambulance for Conservation
● The National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) has introduced a Dolphin Ambulance under the Clean Ganga Mission to
rescue injured Ganga Dolphins, India's national aquatic animal.
● With a budget of ₹1 crore, the project aims to raise awareness and train communities for dolphin conservation. Other
initiatives include a ₹78.09 lakh turtle conservation project in Uttar Pradesh, focusing on endangered species
rehabilitation, and an ₹11 crore environmental flow assessment for rivers like Chambal and Son.
● Additionally, the third season of the travelogue “Rag-Rag Mein Ganga” will spotlight ecological balance, aquatic life,
and cultural heritage.

INTERNATIONAL
Subianto Unveils Indonesia’s Largest Cabinet, Emphasising Unity
● Newly inaugurated President Prabowo Subianto announced the 109-member “Red and White Cabinet,” the largest in
Indonesia’s history. Representing seven political parties and half of Joko Widodo’s previous Cabinet, the expanded
lineup aims to ensure stable governance and national unity.
● Key reappointments, including Finance Minister Sri Mulyani Indrawati, signal policy continuity, while Subianto targets
8% economic growth through initiatives like the capital city project, defence spending, and social programs.
● Critics warn of potential bureaucratic inefficiencies due to the oversized Cabinet. Subianto’s vision emphasises
Indonesia's multicultural cohesion and economic ambitions.
India Doubles Grant to Support Education in Sri Lanka’s Plantation Areas
● India has increased its educational grant to ₹600 million to upgrade nine schools in Sri Lanka's plantation regions,
focusing on the Indian-origin Tamil community.
● Diplomatic letters exchanged between Indian High Commissioner Santosh Jha and Sri Lanka’s Education Secretary
J.M. Thilaka Jayasundara on October 18, 2024, formalised this initiative.
● The project aims to improve infrastructure and educational access in Central, Uva, Sabaragamuwa, and Southern
Provinces. Building on a ₹2.6 billion package from the previous year, this enhanced commitment underscores India’s
ongoing efforts in transforming Sri Lanka's plantation sector through better education and vocational training.
Pakistan Limits Chief Justice’s Tenure to Three Years under New Amendment
● On October 21, 2024, Pakistan enacted the Constitution (26th Amendment) Act, capping the Chief Justice’s term at
three years and forming a commission to appoint the top judge from the three senior-most Supreme Court justices.

103
● Approved with a two-thirds majority in Parliament and signed by President Asif Ali Zardari, the amendment prevents
Justice Masoor Ali Shah from succeeding Chief Justice Qazi Faez Isa, set to retire on October 25.
● While the government claims the reform promotes judicial efficiency, the opposition, led by PTI, has criticised it as
undermining judicial independence and increasing political influence.
Global Public Debt to Exceed $100 Trillion for the First Time, Says IMF
● The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projects global public debt to surpass $100 trillion in 2024, reaching 93% of
global GDP by year-end and approaching 100% by 2030. This marks a 10 percentage point increase from pre-
pandemic levels in 2019.
● The rise is driven by higher spending on green transitions, aging populations, and security needs, coupled with
political resistance to tax reforms. Fiscal uncertainties, weaker growth, and tighter financing conditions pose further
risks.
● A severe scenario predicts debt could reach 115% of GDP within three years, exceeding current projections by 20
percentage points.
Vietnam Elects Army General Luong Cuong as State President
● Vietnam’s parliament unanimously elected 67-year-old army general Luong Cuong as the new state president,
succeeding To Lam.
● The election aims to restore political stability after a tumultuous period marked by high-level leadership reshuffles,
including the death of general secretary Nguyen Phu Trong in July.
● Cuong, a seasoned military leader and prominent Communist Party figure, has served as Chief of the General
Department of Politics and a Politburo member since 2021. His election is seen as a strategic move to strengthen
governance and stability in the one-party state.
Maldives Adopts UPI to Enhance Economy and Strengthen India Ties
● Maldives President Mohamed Muizzu has announced the rollout of India’s Unified Payments Interface (UPI) to
improve financial inclusion and transaction efficiency.
● Managed by a consortium led by TradeNet Maldives Corporation, the initiative involves collaboration with banks,
telecoms, and fintech firms, overseen by the Ministry of Finance and Maldives Monetary Authority.
● The adoption follows an agreement during Indian External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar’s visit, reflecting improved
bilateral relations. The initiative addresses economic challenges, including currency issues, while boosting digital
services in a tourism-reliant economy. This marks a strategic shift in Maldives’ financial and diplomatic approach.
Egypt Declared Malaria-Free by WHO, Achieving a Public Health Milestone
● On October 20, 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially certified Egypt as malaria-free, making it the
second country to receive this certification in 2024 after Cabo Verde.
● Egypt becomes the third nation in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region to achieve this status, following the UAE
(2007) and Morocco (2010). This milestone reflects Egypt's successful malaria elimination efforts, sustained for over
14 years.
● Investments in surveillance, robust health systems, and community engagement were key to breaking the
transmission chain. Egypt's achievement stands as an inspiration for malaria-endemic nations globally.
Israel Becomes 69th Member of Asian Development Bank
● Israel has joined the Asian Development Bank (ADB) as its 69th member and 20th non-regional member, finalising
the process after approval in April 2022. This marks a strategic step for Israel to expand its economic and diplomatic
reach in Asia, a region of growing economic significance.
● Represented by Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich, Israel aims to participate in infrastructure and development
projects, leveraging its expertise in technology and innovation. Economists view this move as part of Israel’s strategy
to build stronger ties beyond its traditional allies.

104
Brazil Declines China’s Belt and Road Initiative
● Brazil has opted out of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), becoming the second BRICS member after India to do
so.
● President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s administration emphasised fostering ties with China through independent
collaborations rather than formal BRI membership. Concerns over economic benefits, geopolitical implications, and
maintaining U.S. relations influenced the decision. Brazil seeks to align Chinese investments with its priorities while
preserving autonomy.
● The move marks a diplomatic setback for China’s BRI ambitions in Latin America but underscores Brazil’s strategic
approach to balancing global partnerships.
World’s First Green Energy Island Faces Cost Challenges
● Belgium’s Princess Elisabeth Energy Island, the world’s first green energy hub in the North Sea, aims to expand wind
energy, reduce fossil fuel dependence, and meet EU renewable targets.
● Located 45 kilometres offshore, the island will support 3.5 GW of offshore wind, covering 30% of Belgium’s energy
needs. Featuring eco-friendly designs like breeding ledges and artificial reefs, the project initially budgeted at €2.2
billion now exceeds €7 billion due to supply chain disruptions and resource competition.
● Despite financial hurdles, Belgium seeks EU support to sustain this pioneering step in Europe’s renewable energy
transition.
Indian Railways Renews MoU with Switzerland for Infrastructure Modernization
● Indian Railways has renewed its MoU with Switzerland’s DETEC, continuing a partnership established in 2017 to
modernise infrastructure and boost operational efficiency. The agreement focuses on track maintenance, station
upgrades, tunnelling, and integrating Swiss technology, including advanced rolling stock and electrification systems.
● A Joint Working Group facilitates periodic collaboration, with Swiss firms contributing expertise and resources.
● Backed by India’s Ministry of Railways, this renewal underscores India’s commitment to leveraging international
partnerships to enhance railway efficiency, reliability, and service quality for both passenger and freight operations.
Francis Ford Coppola to Receive 50th AFI Life Achievement Award
● Francis Ford Coppola, the Oscar-winning filmmaker known for classics like The Godfather and Apocalypse Now, will
be honoured with the 50th AFI Life Achievement Award on April 26, 2025, at Hollywood’s Dolby Theatre.
● At 86, Coppola continues to influence cinema, recently releasing Megalopolis, despite its box office struggles. The
award recognizes his groundbreaking contributions to film and his role as a mentor and innovator through American
Zoetrope.
● Proceeds from the event will support AFI’s education initiatives, celebrating Coppola’s enduring legacy and his
inspiration to generations of filmmakers.
Duma Boko Becomes Botswana's New President; PM Modi Congratulates
● Duma Boko, a 54-year-old human rights lawyer, has been elected as Botswana’s new President, ending the Botswana
Democratic Party's 58-year rule. His Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC) secured a historic victory. Prime Minister
Narendra Modi congratulated Boko on X, expressing hopes to strengthen India-Botswana ties.
● Boko, known for his humility and commitment to justice, focused his campaign on economic reform and employment,
resonating with voters. A Harvard-trained lawyer, he has pledged to address unemployment and national challenges.
● Botswana’s capital is Gaborone, and its currency is the Pula. Neighbouring nations include Namibia, Zambia,
Zimbabwe, and South Africa.
Kemi Badenoch: First Black Woman to Lead UK’s Conservative Party
● Kemi Badenoch, 44, made history as the first Black woman to lead the UK’s Conservative Party, succeeding Rishi Sunak
after the party’s July 2024 electoral defeat. Born in London and raised in Nigeria, Badenoch became MP in 2017 and
is admired for her conservative values inspired by Margaret Thatcher.

105
● Known for opposing Critical Race Theory, advocating stricter immigration policies, and taking a Gender Critical stance,
she aims to steer the party back to its core principles of freedom and responsibility. Badenoch faces the challenge of
reviving the party before the 2029 general elections.
Donald Trump Re-Elected as 47th President of the USA
● Donald Trump has reclaimed the White House, securing 276 electoral votes, surpassing the 270 needed for victory.
Making history as the first president in 120 years to return after losing a term, Trump celebrated wins in swing states
like Wisconsin, Georgia, and Pennsylvania. JD Vance will serve as Vice President. Republicans also regained Senate
control with at least 51 seats, bolstering Trump’s agenda.
● In his victory speech, Trump emphasised unity, celebrated historic achievements, and pledged commitment to
American citizens. World leaders, including those from France, India, and the UK, extended their congratulations on
his re-election.
Maia Sandu Wins Second Term as Moldova’s President Amid Allegations of Russian Interference
● Maia Sandu secured a second term as Moldova’s pro-Western president, winning 55% of the vote against Russia-
aligned Alexandr Stoianoglo, who garnered 45%. Her victory signals continued efforts toward EU integration but
highlights deep internal divisions and alleged Russian interference.
● Accusations of vote-buying, cyberattacks, and illegal voter transport marred the election. Sandu received strong
support from the Moldovan diaspora, reflecting a shift toward pro-European policies. Challenges remain for Moldova’s
judiciary and security agencies to address electoral integrity ahead of the 2025 parliamentary elections.
● The capital of Moldova is Chișinău, and the official currency is the Moldovan Leu.
Switzerland’s Burqa Ban to Enforce From January 2025
● Switzerland will enforce its "burqa ban" from January 1, 2025, following its approval in a 2021 referendum.
● The law prohibits facial coverings like burqas and niqabs in public spaces, with violators facing fines of up to 1,000
Swiss francs ($1,144). Exceptions include health, safety, weather-related needs, religious sites, artistic performances,
and freedom of expression with prior approval.
● Initiated by the same group behind the 2009 minaret ban, the measure has drawn criticism from Muslim associations
as discriminatory, while the government defends it as aligning with Swiss values of neutrality, security, and public
order.
Zimbabwe Launches ZIMSAT-2 to Strengthen Space Programme
● Zimbabwe has launched its second satellite, ZIMSAT-2, from Russia’s Vostochny Cosmodrome. Equipped with a high-
resolution multispectral camera, the low Earth observation satellite will aid agriculture, resource mapping,
environmental monitoring, and disaster management.
● Developed by Zimbabwe’s National Geo-Spatial and Space Agency (ZINGSA) in collaboration with Southwest State
University, the satellite marks a major step in advancing space technology and capacity building.
● Zimbabwean engineers and PhD students contributed to its design, underscoring the country’s focus on scientific
innovation. ZIMSAT-2 is expected to boost economic growth through improved agricultural productivity and resource
exploration.
Australia to Ban Social Media for Children Under 16
● Australia plans to ban social media for children under 16, targeting platforms like Instagram and Facebook to combat
mental health issues, body image concerns, and cyberbullying.
● Citing Facebook’s 2021 internal research linking Instagram to low self-esteem and unrealistic beauty standards, the
ban aims to reduce risks such as depression, anxiety, and developmental disruptions.
● While the move could promote healthier lifestyles and improved social skills, experts suggest that digital literacy and
education may be more effective. They recommend parental guidance, boundaries, and family discussions to help
children navigate the digital world responsibly.

106
Li Quanhai Re-Elected as World Sailing President
● Li Quanhai was re-elected as President of World Sailing for a second four-year term during the General Assembly in
Singapore on November 9, 2024.
● Securing 55 votes, Li defeated Rodion Luka (2 votes) and Philippe Rogge (29 votes). As the only Chinese president of
an Olympic International Federation, Li pledged to prioritise innovation, youth engagement, and environmental
sustainability. He emphasised collaboration with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to advance sailing’s
global development.
● The re-election reflects Li’s continued commitment to the sport’s growth, with a focus on professionalism and
safeguarding the oceans.
Tayyab Ikram Re-Elected as FIH President
● Tayyab Ikram was re-elected as President of the International Hockey Federation (FIH) during the 49th FIH Congress
in Muscat, Oman, securing 79 out of 126 votes against Marc Coudron (47 votes).
● His two-year term will complete the mandate of former president Dr. Narinder Dhruv Batra. Ikram, a former coach for
Pakistan and China, pledged to foster unity and advance hockey globally.
● The Congress also welcomed Indonesia’s Hockey Federation as a full member, re-elected key Executive Board
members, and honoured individuals and organisations for contributions to hockey development and governance.
Navin Ramgoolam to Become Mauritius PM for Third Term
● Dr. Navin Ramgoolam is set to become Mauritius’ Prime Minister for the third time after his Alliance of Change
coalition secured a significant victory in the November 10, 2024, parliamentary elections.
● Incumbent PM Pravind Jugnauth conceded defeat on November 11, marking a historic win for the opposition.
Ramgoolam, who previously served as PM from 1995–2000 and 2005–2014, campaigned on economic and social
reforms.
● Indian PM Narendra Modi congratulated Ramgoolam, emphasising the strong ties between India and Mauritius and
inviting him for bilateral discussions to further strengthen their partnership.
Trump Appoints Elise Stefanik as U.N. Ambassador
● President-elect Donald Trump has selected Rep. Elise Stefanik, a key GOP leader and staunch ally, as U.S. Ambassador
to the United Nations. Stefanik, at 40, has served five terms representing New York’s 21st Congressional District and
is the highest-ranking Republican woman in the House.
● Known for her strong support of Israel and vocal criticism of U.N. agencies like UNRWA, Stefanik has also opposed
recent Ukraine aid packages. Her appointment opens a House seat, adding complexity to the GOP’s slim majority, while
signalling Trump’s commitment to assertive foreign policy leadership in his second term.
Australia Appoints Chris Evans as First Anti-Slavery Commissioner
● Australia has appointed Chris Evans as its first Anti-Slavery Commissioner, starting December 2024. The former
senator and human rights advocate will lead efforts to combat modern slavery, including human trafficking and forced
labour, focusing on victim support, awareness, and supply chain accountability.
● Backed by $8 million in government funding, Evans will strengthen legislative responses and collaborate with civil
society to address exploitation, particularly in the vulnerable Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme.
● His appointment marks a significant step in eradicating modern slavery, affecting an estimated 41,000 people in
Australia.
Dominica to Honour PM Modi with Its Highest National Award
● Dominica will bestow its highest national honour, the Dominica Award of Honour, on Prime Minister Narendra Modi
during the India-CARICOM Summit in Georgetown, Guyana.
● The award recognizes his contributions during the COVID-19 pandemic, notably the supply of 70,000 AstraZeneca
vaccine doses to Dominica in 2021, bolstering the nation’s healthcare efforts. It also highlights PM Modi’s role in
strengthening India-Dominica relations through support in education, IT, and sustainable development.

107
● Dominica acknowledges India’s assistance in building climate resilience and disaster preparedness, critical for the
island’s fight against climate change impacts.

APPOINTMENTS AND RESIGNATIONS

Abhyuday Jindal Appointed President of Indian Chamber of Commerce
● The Indian Chamber of Commerce (ICC) has appointed Abhyuday Jindal, Managing Director of Jindal Stainless Limited,
as its new president during its annual plenary session in New Delhi. Jindal aims to position ICC as a key driver of India’s
economic growth and innovation, targeting a USD 35 trillion economy by 2047.
● Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal highlighted the role of young leaders in promoting startups, skill development, and
sustainable business practices.
● New ICC appointments include Brij Bhushan Agarwal as Senior Vice President and Parthiv Vikram Neotia as Vice
President. Founded in 1925, ICC is India’s leading national business chamber.
Vijaya Kishore Rahatkar Appointed Chairperson of National Commission for Women
● Smt. Vijaya Kishore Rahatkar has been appointed as the Chairperson of the National Commission for Women (NCW),
becoming its 9th leader. Her three-year tenure starts immediately.
● A former Chairperson of Maharashtra State Commission for Women (2016–2021), she spearheaded impactful
initiatives like “Sakshama” for acid attack survivors and “Prajwala” for linking self-help groups to central schemes. An
author and advocate for women’s rights, Rahatkar’s appointment underscores the Modi government’s commitment
to advancing gender equality.
● Dr. Archana Majumdar has also joined as a new NCW member, further strengthening the Commission’s focus on
empowering women in India.
Vikram Dev Dutt Appointed as Coal Secretary
● Vikram Dev Dutt, a 1993-batch IAS officer from the AGMUT cadre, has assumed the role of Coal Secretary, succeeding
VL Kantha Rao.
● Previously the Director General of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Dutt takes charge at a crucial time as India
aims to increase coal production beyond 1 billion tonnes and add 80 GW of coal-fired capacity by 2032.
● These initiatives are critical for meeting the country’s rising power demand, projected to grow by 6–7% annually,
while balancing renewable energy integration and ensuring grid stability.
Justice Sanjiv Khanna Appointed as 51st Chief Justice of India
● Justice Sanjiv Khanna will assume office as the 51st Chief Justice of India (CJI) on November 11, 2024, succeeding
Justice DY Chandrachud. Appointed by President Droupadi Murmu, his tenure will last until May 13, 2025.
● A Supreme Court judge since 2019, Justice Khanna is known for his rulings on Article 370, electoral reforms, and
irretrievable marriage breakdowns. Advocating judicial restraint, he emphasises addressing systemic issues like case
delays.
● His appointment marks another milestone in a distinguished legal career, following key roles in constitutional,
taxation, and commercial law.
Dr. Neena Malhotra Appointed as India’s Ambassador to Sweden
● Dr. Neena Malhotra, a 1992 batch Indian Foreign Service officer, has been appointed as India’s Ambassador to Sweden.
● Currently serving as an Officer on Special Duty in the Ministry of External Affairs, Dr. Malhotra brings extensive
diplomatic experience, having previously served as Ambassador to Italy, the Republic of San Marino, and UN
Organizations in Rome.
● She holds a PhD from the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, and is expected to assume her role
in Sweden shortly.

108
Amitabh Chaudhry Re-Appointed as MD and CEO of Axis Bank
● Axis Bank has re-appointed Amitabh Chaudhry as its Managing Director and CEO for a three-year term from January
1, 2025, to December 31, 2027.
● The re-appointment, approved by shareholders in July and finalised by the RBI on October 24, 2024, highlights his
impactful leadership since 2019. Under Chaudhry, Axis Bank has expanded retail banking, improved digital
capabilities, and reported strong financial growth, including an 18% YoY rise in Q2 net profit to ₹6,917.57 crore.
● His continued leadership aims to bolster the bank’s position in a competitive financial sector.
Deepak Agarwal Appointed as Managing Director of NAFED
● Deepak Agarwal, a 2000-batch IAS officer from the Uttar Pradesh cadre, has been appointed by the Appointments
Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) as Managing Director of the National Agriculture Cooperative Marketing Federation
of India Ltd (NAFED) for a five-year term.
● Previously, Pankaj Kumar Bansal held the role temporarily. Agarwal’s extensive experience in public administration
and the agricultural sector makes him a suitable leader for NAFED, established in 1958 to support Indian farmers.
● His leadership is expected to strengthen agricultural marketing, cooperative structures, and supply chain operations,
aligning with the government’s goals of farmer welfare and market reforms.
Vipin Kumar Appointed Chairman of Airports Authority of India
● Vipin Kumar, a 1996-batch IAS officer from the Bihar cadre, has officially assumed the role of Chairman of the Airports
Authority of India (AAI). Previously serving as Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Education, Kumar brings a
wealth of administrative experience, including leadership roles in infrastructure and cooperative sectors.
● As AAI Chairman, he aims to enhance airport infrastructure, air navigation services, and passenger amenities, aligning
with the vision of "Viksit Bharat-2047."
● Established in 1995, AAI manages 133 airports and oversees air navigation services across 2.8 million square nautical
miles of Indian airspace.
Shashwat Sharma Appointed as Bharti Airtel’s Next CEO
● Bharti Airtel has named Shashwat Sharma as its new Managing Director and CEO, effective January 1, 2026. Currently
the Chief Operating Officer, Sharma will serve as CEO designate for 14 months, overseeing consumer businesses like
mobility, home, and DTH services.
● The structured succession plan will see outgoing MD and CEO Gopal Vittal transition to Executive Vice Chairman after
a successful 12-year tenure marked by a 10% increase in market share and a fivefold rise in market capitalization.
● Airtel’s restructuring also includes key leadership changes and a focus on operational efficiency to drive future growth.
Rajesh Kumar Singh Appointed Defence Secretary of India
● Rajesh Kumar Singh, a 1989-batch IAS officer of the Kerala cadre, has officially assumed the role of Defence Secretary
at South Block, New Delhi, succeeding Giridhar Aramane. Singh began his tenure by paying homage at the National
War Memorial, honouring India’s fallen heroes.
● With prior roles as Secretary of DPIIT and the Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Singh brings extensive
experience in fostering industrial growth, policy reforms, and rural development.
● His leadership marks a pivotal step in shaping India’s defence administration and strategic decision-making.
Dr. Jacqueline d’Arros Hughes Appointed Secretary General of World Agriculture Forum
● Dr. Jacqueline d’Arros Hughes, outgoing Director General of ICRISAT, will assume the role of Secretary General of the
World Agriculture Forum (WAF) in mid-November 2024.
● A seasoned expert with over 30 years of experience in sustainable agriculture and food security, Dr. Hughes has
contributed significantly to global agricultural advancements, including leading ICRISAT to win the Africa Food Prize
in 2021.
● As Secretary General, she will focus on strengthening partnerships, promoting innovation, and supporting smallholder
farmers through WAF’s initiatives in sustainable development, policy advocacy, and technology-driven solutions.

109
Praveena Rai Appointed CEO and MD of MCX
● Praveena Rai has officially assumed the role of CEO and MD of the Multi Commodity Exchange of India (MCX) starting
October 31, 2024, for a five-year term. With over 20 years of experience in banking and digital payments, Rai brings
expertise in transaction management and operational strategy.
● Previously the COO of NPCI, she played a pivotal role in transforming India’s digital payment ecosystem.
● At MCX, Rai will focus on digital transformation, product diversification, and enhanced customer experience to
strengthen MCX’s leadership in India’s commodity derivatives market, aligning it with the nation’s digital economy
goals.
FSIB Recommends Rahul Bhave as MD & CEO of IFCI
● The Financial Services Institutions Bureau (FSIB) has recommended Rahul Bhave, Deputy MD of IFCI Ltd, for the
position of Managing Director and CEO of IFCI.
● This follows a rigorous evaluation of four candidates based on their experience and performance.
● Additionally, Palash Srivastava, CEO of IIFCL Projects Ltd, has been recommended as Deputy MD of IIFCL. Final
decisions will be made by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, chaired by PM Narendra Modi.
● Bhave’s leadership is expected to bolster IFCI's role in industrial financing, reflecting FSIB’s focus on experienced
professionals for key financial roles.
Harsha Vardhan Agarwal to Assume FICCI Presidency on November 21
● Harsha Vardhan Agarwal, Senior Vice President of FICCI and Vice Chairman of Emami Limited, will take over as
President of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) on November 21, 2024.
● The announcement was made at FICCI's National Executive Committee Meeting. Succeeding Anish Shah, Agarwal is a
recognized business leader, named in The Economic Times ‘FORTY UNDER 40’ list in 2016.
● His leadership is expected to drive industry growth and innovation, leveraging FICCI’s role as India's oldest and largest
business organisation, established in 1927.
Sonu Sood Appointed as Brand Ambassador and Honorary Tourism Advisor for Thailand
● Actor and philanthropist Sonu Sood has been named the Brand Ambassador and Honorary Tourism Advisor for
Thailand by its Ministry of Tourism and Sports.
● Recognized for his humanitarian work during the COVID-19 pandemic, Sood will promote Thailand as a prime
destination for Indian travellers, strengthening India-Thailand tourism relations. His role includes shaping marketing
strategies and public relations initiatives to boost tourism.
● With Thailand being a popular destination for Indian tourists, this collaboration leverages Sood’s popularity to
enhance cultural and economic ties between the two nations.
Arvindar Singh Sahney Appointed Chairman of Indian Oil Corporation
● Arvindar Singh Sahney, currently the Executive Director of Business Development in Petrochemicals at Indian Oil
Corporation (IOC), has been appointed as the new chairman of India’s largest oil company.
● The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas announced the appointment on November 13, 2024.
● Approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, Sahney will serve a five-year tenure or until his
superannuation.
● This marks a rare elevation for an executive without prior board-level experience at IOC, following the precedent set
by B Ashok in 2014. He succeeds Shrikant Madhav Vaidya, whose term ended in August 2024.
Amandeep Johl Appointed CEO of Professional Golf Tour of India
● Amandeep Johl will assume the role of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Professional Golf Tour of India (PGTI) on
January 1, 2025.
● With nearly 34 years of experience in Indian and Asian golf circuits, Johl is a former national coach, PGTI board
member, and founding member of the Asian Tour.

110
● He succeeds Uttam Singh Mundy, who played a pivotal role in PGTI’s growth. Johl will work with Mundy until
December 31 to ensure a smooth transition.
● Under Johl’s leadership, PGTI aims to expand its national and international presence in professional golf.
Harbhajan Singh & Sania Mirza Named Dubai Sports Council Ambassadors
● The Dubai Sports Council has appointed Harbhajan Singh, Sania Mirza, Khabib Nurmagomedov, and Patrice Evra as
Sports Ambassadors to promote Dubai as a global sports destination. Announced in the presence of Crown Prince
Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, this initiative aims to strengthen Dubai's sports ecosystem, attract
international events, nurture local talent, and boost sports tourism.
● The ambassadors bring diverse expertise from cricket, tennis, UFC, and football, enhancing Dubai's profile in global
sports and its legacy as a hub for premier sporting events.

SPORTS
Liu Yukun and Yang Ji-in Named ISSF Athletes of the Year
● China's Liu Yukun, the Paris 2024 Olympics champion in the 50-metre rifle 3-position, was honoured as the Male
Athlete of the Year by the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF).
● South Korea's Yang Ji-in, Olympic champion in the 25-metre sports pistol, received the Female Athlete of the Year
award.
● Presented by ISSF President Luciano Rossi, the awards recognize their stellar achievements in shooting sports. The
accolades were announced during the ISSF World Cup Final, held at Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range, India, from
October 15–17, 2024, with elite shooters from 37 countries competing across 12 Olympic events.
Goa Hosts 24th National Para-Swimming Championship
● The 24th National Para-Swimming Championship, held from October 20, 2024, in Goa, celebrated exceptional talent
and resilience among Indian para-athletes.
● Participants from across the nation competed in diverse events, including the S4-S10 and junior categories,
showcasing their skills in freestyle and backstroke disciplines.
● Notable performances included Lakhan Singh’s gold in S4 100m freestyle (3:04.50) and Shashruti Vinayak’s victory in
S9 100m freestyle (1:36.83). Junior athletes like Muhammed Aasim (Kerala) and Eeshan (Karnataka) also excelled.
● Organised to inspire and promote inclusivity, the event highlighted India’s growing commitment to para-sports and
provided a platform for athletes to shine on a national stage.
Bala Devi Becomes First Indian Woman to Score 50 International Goals
● Bala Devi, a forward for the Manipur Police and Indian national football team, has made history as the first Indian
woman to score 50 international goals.
● Her landmark achievement came during the 2024 SAFF Women’s Championship against Pakistan, cementing her
legacy in Indian sports. Devi’s illustrious career spans club stints with Rangers in Scotland, where she became the first
Indian woman to score in a European league, and Odisha WFC.
● Representing India since 2005, she has been pivotal in international tournaments, including the Asian Games and
SAFF Championships. Alongside her football career, Devi serves as a police inspector in Manipur, inspiring future
generations with her dedication to sport and community.
Zimbabwe Sets Record for Highest T20I Total
● Zimbabwe's cricket team achieved a historic milestone by scoring a record-breaking 344/4 in a T20 International
against Gambia during the ICC Men’s T20 World Cup Africa Sub-Regional Qualifier B.
● Sikandar Raza led the charge with a spectacular 133* off just 43 balls, including 15 sixes, setting the record for the
joint-second fastest T20I century in 33 balls. Zimbabwe's innings also featured 27 sixes, a new world record in T20Is.
● This remarkable feat surpassed Nepal’s 314/3 in 2023, showcasing Zimbabwe's growing dominance in the format.

111
Kagiso Rabada Becomes Fastest to 300 Test Wickets by Balls Bowled
● South African pacer Kagiso Rabada has made history as the fastest bowler to claim 300 Test wickets by balls bowled,
achieving the feat in just 11,817 deliveries. At 29, Rabada surpassed legends like Waqar Younis (12,602 balls) and
Dale Steyn (12,605 balls).
● Making his Test debut in 2015, Rabada reached the milestone in his 65th match, becoming the third-fastest South
African after Steyn and Allan Donald. A key figure in South Africa’s attack, Rabada’s ability to deliver fast, swinging
deliveries with precision has cemented his place among cricket’s greats.
Ashwin Becomes Highest Wicket-Taker in ICC World Test Championship
● Ravichandran Ashwin achieved a historic milestone during the second Test against New Zealand in Pune by becoming
the highest wicket-taker in the ICC World Test Championship (WTC), surpassing Nathan Lyon.
● Ashwin’s brilliant spell, which included dismissing Tom Latham, Will Young, and Devon Conway, brought his tally to
189 WTC wickets, surpassing Lyon’s 187.
● Additionally, Ashwin’s career total of 531 Test wickets in 104 matches now places him seventh on the all-time list.
Complementing Ashwin’s performance, Washington Sundar claimed a career-best 7/59, bowling out New Zealand for
259 and reinforcing India’s dominance.
Chirag Chikkara Wins Gold at U23 World Wrestling Championships
● Chirag Chikkara became the third Indian wrestler to clinch gold at the Under-23 World Wrestling Championships,
triumphing in the men’s freestyle 57kg category with a nail-biting 4-3 win over Kyrgyzstan’s Abdymalik Karachov.
● India secured nine medals overall, including one gold, two silvers, and six bronzes, placing fourth in team rankings
behind Iran, Japan, and Azerbaijan. Notable performances included Vicky’s bronze in men’s 97kg, Sujeet Kalkal’s
bronze in men’s 70kg, and Anjli’s silver in the women’s 59kg.
● This marks a significant milestone in Indian wrestling, with Chikkara following Aman Sehrawat’s 2022 gold in this
prestigious event.
India Secures Runner-Up Spot at Asian Arm Wrestling Cup 2024
● India achieved an impressive runner-up position in the overall team standings at the Asian Arm Wrestling Cup 2024,
held at Aurika Skycity Hotel, Mumbai. Competing against nine nations, India earned 223 medals, including 63 golds,
100 silvers, and 60 bronzes, finishing behind champions Kazakhstan.
● Standout performances included Denic Lalruattluanga’s gold in Men’s Seniors 80kg Right category and Yogesh
Chaudhary’s double gold in Women’s Seniors 80kg+ Left and Right categories.
● Organised by the People’s Arm Wrestling Federation India (PAFI) under Preeti Jhangiani, the event emphasised India’s
rising prominence in arm wrestling and set the stage for the official Asian Arm Wrestling Championship in 2025.
Mandeep Jangra Wins WBF Super Featherweight World Title
● Indian boxer Mandeep Jangra clinched the World Boxing Federation’s (WBF) super featherweight world title by
defeating Britain’s Conor McIntosh in the Cayman Islands. The 31-year-old, trained by Olympic silver medallist Roy
Jones Jr, dominated the 10-round bout with powerful punches and consistent stamina.
● With this victory, Jangra has now achieved 11 wins, including seven knockouts, out of 12 professional fights since his
2021 debut. Jangra, a Commonwealth Games silver medallist in 2014, described the win as a career highlight and
hopes it inspires more Indian boxers to pursue professional careers.
● He emphasised the immense talent of Indian boxers and the need for strong promoters to elevate them globally. The
WBF, established in 1988 and headquartered in Luxembourg, is led by President Howard Goldberg.
Max Verstappen Wins Brazil Grand Prix 2024 in Stunning Comeback
● Max Verstappen secured a phenomenal victory at the Brazil Grand Prix 2024, overcoming challenging rain-soaked
conditions at Sao Paulo’s Interlagos circuit. Starting 17th on the grid, Verstappen delivered an exceptional
performance, showcasing his mastery on wet tracks.

112
● The victory brought him closer to his fourth consecutive Formula 1 world championship, placing him among F1
legends like Michael Schumacher and Lewis Hamilton. This triumph underscores Verstappen’s skill, resilience, and
versatility, solidifying his position as one of the greatest drivers in F1 history.
Arjun Erigaisi Becomes World No. 2 in Chess Live Ratings
● Indian chess prodigy Arjun Erigaisi climbed to the world No. 2 spot in live chess ratings on November 7, 2024, after
defeating Alexey Sarana in Round 3 of the Chennai Grand Masters tournament.
● His live rating soared to 2805.8, surpassing Fabiano Caruana (2805.0) and Hikaru Nakamura (2802.0). Arjun now
trails only Magnus Carlsen (2831.0) globally.
● Recently becoming the 16th player to cross the 2800 rating milestone, Arjun narrowly missed entering FIDE’s official
“2800 club.” This achievement highlights his growing dominance in the chess world and solidifies his position as
India’s top player.
Alexander Zverev Clinches 2024 Paris Masters Title
● German tennis star Alexander Zverev secured his second Masters 1000 title of 2024 by defeating France’s Ugo
Humbert 6-2, 6-2 in the Paris Masters final. This victory, showcasing Zverev’s dominance on indoor hard courts,
propelled him to World No. 2 in the ATP rankings, surpassing Carlos Alcaraz.
● Throughout the tournament, Zverev displayed exceptional form, defeating top-seeded players Stefanos Tsitsipas and
Holger Rune in earlier rounds. With seven career Masters 1000 titles, including this year’s Italian Open, Zverev
continues to solidify his place among the top players in men’s tennis.
3-Year-Old Anish Sarkar Becomes World’s Youngest-Rated Chess Player
● Anish Sarkar, a three-year-old from Kolkata, India, has stunned the chess world by achieving a FIDE rating of 1555,
becoming the youngest-rated chess player globally. Forsaking typical toddler pastimes like Peppa Pig, Anish idolises
chess legends such as Levy Rozman and Magnus Carlsen.
● His journey began a year ago, gaining attention through ChessBase India for grasping advanced concepts. Competing
in events like the West Bengal U9 Championship, Anish scored 5.5/8 against older players. Officially rated on
November 1, his milestone highlights the growing prominence of young talents in global chess.
Harmanpreet Singh and PR Sreejesh Shine at FIH Hockey Star Awards 2024
● The FIH Hockey Star Awards 2024, held on November 8 in Muscat, Oman, celebrated global hockey excellence.
● Indian captain Harmanpreet Singh won Men’s Player of the Year for his stellar performances, including being the top
scorer at the Paris 2024 Olympics and leading India to gold in the Asian Champions Trophy.
● PR Sreejesh, dubbed the “Great Wall of India,” won Men’s Goalkeeper of the Year after his heroic contributions in the
Paris Olympics. The awards highlight their pivotal roles in elevating Indian hockey on the world stage.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

IIT Madras to Launch International Research Centre in Dubai by 2025
● IIT Madras is set to open its first international flagship centre in Dubai by early 2025, focusing on research, innovation,
and entrepreneurship.
● Established in collaboration with the Dubai Department of Economy and Tourism, the IITM Global Dubai Centre will
specialise in Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, Robotics, and Sustainable Energy.
● Signed during GITEX Global 2024, the agreement aims to connect Dubai with India’s entrepreneurial ecosystem, foster
deep-tech startups, and enhance R&D capabilities. This initiative strengthens economic ties between India and the
UAE, aligning with Dubai's vision of becoming a global innovation hub.
NASA’s Europa Clipper Begins Journey to Explore Jupiter’s Icy Moon
● NASA’s Europa Clipper spacecraft launched on October 14, 2024, aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket from Kennedy
Space Center, Florida.

113
● Aiming to determine if Europa's subsurface ocean can support life, the spacecraft will travel 1.8 billion miles to arrive
in Jupiter’s orbit by April 2030.
● Equipped with advanced instruments like ice-penetrating radar and thermal sensors, Europa Clipper will conduct 49
close flybys, studying Europa’s icy crust, potential organic compounds, and tectonic activity.
● Powered by record-breaking solar arrays, the mission builds on discoveries from the Galileo mission, which revealed
Europa’s vast, salty ocean beneath its icy surface.
IIT Madras to Launch International Research Centre in Dubai by 2025
● IIT Madras announced the launch of its first international flagship centre in Dubai, set to open in early 2025.
● Established in collaboration with the Dubai Department of Economy and Tourism, the IITM Global Dubai Centre will
focus on Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, Robotics, and Sustainable Energy.
● Signed during GITEX Global 2024, the agreement aims to connect Dubai with India’s entrepreneurial ecosystem, drive
innovation, and enhance research and technology transfer.
● This initiative supports the growth of deep-tech startups and strengthens economic ties between India and the UAE.
New Missile Testing Range Approved in Andhra Pradesh
● The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS), chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved the establishment
of a missile testing range in Nagayalanka, Andhra Pradesh.
● This facility, managed by DRDO, will focus on tactical missile systems, including surface-to-air and anti-tank missiles.
The initiative aims to enhance India’s defence capabilities and create local employment.
● Additional CCS approvals included the procurement of Predator drones from the U.S. and two nuclear submarines
under Project ATV. Andhra Pradesh CM N. Chandrababu Naidu hailed the project as a boost to national security and
technological development.
Meta Partners with IndiaAI to Advance Open-Source AI Innovation
● Meta has collaborated with IndiaAI and MeitY to foster open-source AI innovation in India. Key initiatives include
establishing the Shrijan Generative AI Center at IIT Jodhpur, addressing national challenges in healthcare, mobility,
and education, and launching the “AI for Skilling and Capacity Building” program under YuvaAI to train 100,000 youth
in AI and large language models.
● Meta pledged Rs 750 lakhs over three years for the centre, partnering with institutions like AIIMS Jodhpur. This aligns
with India’s vision of becoming a $5 trillion economy by empowering youth and promoting ethical AI research.
China Launches Shenzhou-19 Crew to Expand Space Station Operations
● China successfully launched the Shenzhou-19 spacecraft on a Long March-2F rocket from Jiuquan Satellite Launch
Centre, carrying three astronauts, including Wang Haoze, China’s first female space engineer.
● The crew will undertake a six-month mission to fine-tune operations at the country’s low-orbit space station. Tasks
include 86 scientific experiments across life sciences, microgravity physics, and space medicine, as well as
extravehicular activities and equipment management.
● The mission highlights China’s advancing space ambitions, including international collaborations and plans for lunar
exploration and extraterrestrial research.
ISRO Launches Analogue Space Mission in Leh to Simulate Extraterrestrial Conditions
● On November 1, 2024, ISRO initiated its analogue space mission in Leh, Ladakh, to simulate life in interplanetary
habitats. Developed in collaboration with the Human Spaceflight Centre, AAKA Space Studio, and IIT Delhi, the mission
leverages Ladakh's extreme climate to mimic Martian and lunar conditions.
● Objectives include testing astronaut challenges, such as confinement and mobility, and evaluating technologies for
future exploration missions.
● This cost-efficient initiative represents a significant step in India’s space exploration strategy, addressing logistical
and environmental hurdles for establishing extraterrestrial bases.

114
ISRO to Launch EU’s Proba-3 Solar Observation Mission in December 2024
● ISRO will launch the European Union’s Proba-3 Solar Observation Mission from Sriharikota aboard the PSLV-XL rocket
in December 2024. The satellite will study the Sun’s corona, marking India’s third collaboration with the EU after
Proba-1 and Proba-2.
● This mission underscores India’s growing space leadership, aligned with ambitious goals to establish the Bharatiya
Antariksha Station by 2035 and send the first Indian to the Moon by 2040.
● With a ₹1,000-crore fund for startups and strong EU-India partnerships, ISRO aims to expand India’s share in the
global space economy to 10%.
LignoSat: World’s First Wooden Satellite Launches for Space Feasibility Study
● Japanese scientists, in collaboration with Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry, have launched LignoSat, the
world’s first wooden satellite.
● Crafted from honoki wood, the satellite aims to test the material’s resilience in space conditions, including
temperature extremes (-100°C to 100°C) and cosmic radiation.
● Sent to the ISS via a SpaceX mission, LignoSat reflects sustainable space exploration, minimising environmental impact
with decomposable materials.
● Part of a long-term strategy, the project envisions timber-based habitats on celestial bodies, promoting renewable
resources for future space missions.
IIT Madras and ISRO Collaborate on Spacecraft Thermal Research Centre
● IIT Madras and ISRO have signed an MoU to establish a Centre of Excellence in Fluid and Thermal Sciences, focusing
on spacecraft thermal management, hybrid rocket combustion, and cryogenic tank thermodynamics.
● With Rs 1.84 crore in seed funding from ISRO, the Centre aims to address complex thermal challenges in space
technology.
● This collaboration strengthens the long-standing partnership between ISRO and IIT Madras, fostering industry-
academia innovation and advancing India's self-reliance in space exploration. The initiative will contribute to cutting-
edge solutions for spacecraft and launch vehicle thermal systems.
DRDO Successfully Tests Long-Range Land Attack Cruise Missile (LRLACM)
● On November 12, 2024, DRDO conducted the maiden flight test of the Long Range Land Attack Cruise Missile
(LRLACM) from the Integrated Test Range in Chandipur, Odisha.
● With a range of 1,000 km, the missile demonstrated advanced avionics and waypoint navigation, successfully
achieving all test objectives. Developed by DRDO's ADE in Bengaluru, with support from BDL Hyderabad and BEL
Bengaluru, the missile can launch from mobile platforms and ships.
● Defence Minister Rajnath Singh praised the achievement, marking a significant step in India's indigenous missile
development under the Defence Acquisition Council's Mission Mode Project.

BOOKS AND AUTHORS

“Mountain Mammals of the World” by M.K. Ranjitsinh: A Legacy of Conservation
● M.K. Ranjitsinh, a pioneer in Indian wildlife conservation, unveils his magnum opus, Mountain Mammals of the World,
published by Penguin Random House.
● The book documents 62 species and 78 subspecies of large mammals inhabiting mountain ecosystems, blending
scientific insights, personal anecdotes, and stunning photography.
● Drawing from decades of fieldwork, Ranjitsinh explores the behaviour, habitats, and conservation challenges of
species like the snow leopard and Siberian snow sheep.
● Highlighting his legacy with Project Tiger and efforts to save the barasingha, the book also underscores the urgency
of conserving fragile mountain ecosystems amid climate change and habitat loss.

115
“Friends – India’s Closest Strategic Partners” by Prof. Sreeram Chaulia: A Deep Dive into India’s Foreign Relations
● Prof. Sreeram Chaulia's latest book, Friends – India’s Closest Strategic Partners, explores India's evolving role as a
global leader and trusted ally.
● Highlighting seven key partnerships, the book delves into India's foreign policy philosophy of "Vishwa Mitra" (World
Friend) and its strategic alliances in an uncertain world.
● Launched at an event featuring External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, the book offers historical and contemporary
perspectives on India’s global positioning. Prof. Chaulia, Dean at the Jindal School of International Affairs, brings his
expertise to this timely analysis, adding to his notable works on global politics.
Law Minister Arjun Ram Meghwal Launches ‘Maa-Mother,’ A Poetic Tribute to Motherhood
● Law and Justice Minister Arjun Ram Meghwal launched Maa-Mother, a poetry collection by Dr. Davendra Kumar
Dhodawat, in New Delhi.
● The bilingual book, written in Hindi and English, explores the emotional and spiritual essence of motherhood,
highlighting themes of love, sacrifice, and nurturing.
● Attended by Kerala Governor Arif Mohammed Khan and West Bengal Governor Dr. C.V. Anand Bose, the event
underscored the cultural significance of celebrating motherhood. Dr. Dhodawat, Additional Secretary to the Governor
of Kerala, uses heartfelt poetry and illustrations to honour the profound impact mothers have on society.
Dr. S. Jaishankar Launches Why Bharat Matters in Dubai
● External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar unveiled his new book, Why Bharat Matters, on November 14, 2024, at the
Mohammed Bin Rashid Library in Dubai.
● The book delves into India’s evolving role in a rapidly transforming global landscape marked by technological
advances, climate change, and shifting power dynamics.
● Highlighting India’s progress in autonomy, diversity, and representation, Dr. Jaishankar emphasised the choice of
"Bharat" in the title to symbolise India’s authentic and evolving identity.
● A key theme is self-reliance and critically assessing global narratives. He also encouraged youth to engage with foreign
policy, stressing its growing relevance in a globalised world.

IMPORTANT DAYS
United Nations Day 2024: Date, History, and Significance
● United Nations Day, celebrated annually on October 24, marks the establishment of the UN in 1945 with the
ratification of its Charter.
● This global observance highlights the UN’s mission to promote peace, security, human rights, and sustainable
development.
● The 2024 theme, yet to be announced, is expected to address global challenges such as climate change, inequality, and
multilateral cooperation. The day reflects on the progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and
emphasises the importance of international collaboration in addressing pressing global issues.
● Originating from the San Francisco Conference, the UN aims to prevent conflicts and foster diplomacy.
World Polio Day 2024: A Reminder of Global Eradication Efforts
● Observed annually on October 24, World Polio Day highlights the global fight to eradicate poliomyelitis, a crippling
disease caused by the poliovirus.
● Established by Rotary International in 1985 to honour Dr. Jonas Salk, the developer of the first polio vaccine, the day
underscores the progress made through initiatives like the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, which has reduced cases
by over 99% since 1988.
● Despite being declared polio-free in regions like India and Southeast Asia, the disease persists in countries like
Pakistan and Afghanistan, with vaccine-derived poliovirus also posing risks globally.

116
● This day emphasises the importance of vaccination, surveillance, and international cooperation to ensure a polio-free
future.
Commemoration of Sardar Patel’s 150th Birth Anniversary Announced
● The Indian government will celebrate Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s 150th birth anniversary with a two-year nationwide
program from 2024 to 2026, announced by Union Home Minister Amit Shah on October 23, 2024.
● The initiative honours Patel’s pivotal role in unifying over 550 princely states and establishing India’s democracy.
Born on October 31, 1875, in Gujarat, Patel, known as the “Iron Man of India,” played a key role in India’s independence
movement and post-independence unification.
● His contributions are celebrated annually as Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day), with memorials like the Statue
of Unity symbolising his enduring legacy.
Vigilance Awareness Week 2024: Promoting Integrity and Ethical Governance
● Observed from October 28 to November 3, 2024, Vigilance Awareness Week is an initiative by the Central Vigilance
Commission (CVC) to combat corruption and promote ethical governance.
● The theme, “Culture of Integrity for Nation’s Prosperity,” emphasises building a vigilant society opposing corruption.
● It aims to educate citizens about the harms of corruption, encourage whistleblowing, and strengthen transparency in
governance. India’s 93rd rank on the 2023 Corruption Perception Index highlights the importance of such initiatives.
● Established in 1964 and granted statutory status in 2003, the CVC leads anti-corruption efforts, fostering systemic
improvements and accountability nationwide.
Indian Army Infantry Day: October 27, 2024
● Infantry Day, celebrated annually on October 27, honours the bravery and central role of the infantry in safeguarding
India’s sovereignty and security.
● The date marks the historic 1947 landing of the 1st Battalion of the Sikh Regiment at Srinagar airfield to thwart
Pakistani Kabaili Raiders during the Jammu and Kashmir conflict.
● Referred to as the “Queen of the Battle,” the infantry has been pivotal in wars like the 1962 Sino-Indian War, the 1965
and 1971 wars with Pakistan, and the 1999 Kargil conflict.
● Prime Minister Narendra Modi lauded infantry personnel for their courage and dedication, emphasising their critical
role in operations like counter-terrorism in the North and Northeast, Operation Blue Star, and Operation Snow
Leopard in Ladakh. Infantry Day serves as a reminder of their enduring valour and sacrifice.
Ayurveda Day 2024: Celebrating Innovation and Global Impact
● The 9th Ayurveda Day, observed on October 29, 2024, aligns with Dhanvantari Jayanti and highlights the theme
“Ayurveda Innovations for Global Health.”
● This day underscores Ayurveda’s holistic approach to addressing global health challenges, including non-
communicable diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and climate-related health issues.
● Celebrated in over 150 countries, the event promotes preventive health, women’s wellness, and workplace wellness
while supporting global initiatives like the SDGs.
● Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate projects worth ₹12,850 crore, including the expansion of the All India
Institute of Ayurveda and Ayush Centers of Excellence.
National Unity Day 2024: Honouring the Iron Man of India
● India celebrated National Unity Day on October 31, 2024, marking the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel,
the "Iron Man of India."
● Renowned for uniting 562 princely states post-independence, Patel’s legacy as India’s first Deputy Prime Minister and
Home Minister was honoured nationwide.
● The celebration featured the Ekta Diwas Parade with 16 marching contingents, martial arts displays, and the Surya
Kiran flypast by the Indian Air Force.

117
● Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute at the Statue of Unity in Kevadia, Gujarat, emphasising Patel’s dedication
to national sovereignty.
World Science Day for Peace and Development 2024: “Youth at the Forefront”
● World Science Day for Peace and Development, observed on November 10, emphasises science's role in fostering
global peace and sustainable development.
● Established by UNESCO in 2001 following the 1999 World Conference on Science, it highlights the importance of
connecting science with society.
● The 2024 theme, "Youth at the Forefront," encourages young engagement in science, particularly in addressing global
challenges like climate change and healthcare.
● This 22nd edition aligns with the International Decade of Sciences for Sustainable Development (2024-2033),
promoting innovation, collaboration, and the responsible use of scientific knowledge for a better future.
National Education Day 2024: Honouring Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
● Observed annually on November 11, National Education Day commemorates the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad, India’s first Education Minister, who significantly shaped the nation’s educational framework.
● Celebrated since 2008, the day underscores education's role in personal and societal empowerment.
● Azad's legacy includes establishing institutions like AICTE, IIT Kharagpur, and UGC. Government initiatives like PM
SHRI Schools, Samagra Shiksha, and NIPUN Bharat reflect his vision for inclusive, quality education.
● The 2024 budget prioritises education with ₹73,498 crore allocated, including ₹9,302 crore for Kendriya Vidyalayas.
● NEP 2020 continues to guide transformative educational reforms, ensuring India’s youth are equipped for global
challenges.
Children’s Day 2024: Honouring India’s Future Generation
● Celebrated annually on November 14, Children’s Day in India commemorates the birth anniversary of Pandit
Jawaharlal Nehru, the nation’s first Prime Minister, affectionately called "Chacha Nehru."
● Initiated in 1964 after Nehru’s death, the day emphasises children’s rights, education, and welfare.
● Schools and communities organise events such as games, debates, and creative competitions to foster joy and inspire
young minds.
● The 2024 theme, “For Every Child, Every Right,” echoes global calls for access to education, safety, and health.
● This observance reaffirms Nehru’s vision of nurturing children as the foundation for a prosperous and inclusive future.
Birsa Munda Jayanti 2024: Celebrating Tribal Pride and Legacy
● Observed annually on November 15, Birsa Munda Jayanti honours the birth anniversary of Bhagwan Birsa Munda, a
revered tribal leader and freedom fighter.
● Born in 1875 in Ulihatu, Jharkhand, Birsa Munda led the Ulgulan movement against British colonial rule and fought
for the rights of tribal communities.
● Known as "Janjatiya Gaurav Divas" or Tribal Pride Day, the day also celebrates tribal heritage and culture.
● Declared as a National Tribal Pride Day in 2021, the occasion highlights Birsa Munda's legacy as a social reformer,
who promoted unity, education, and moral living among tribes.
● Despite his untimely demise at 24, his contributions continue to inspire the nation, making this day a tribute to tribal
identity and resilience.
Guru Nanak Jayanti 2024: Celebrating the 555th Birth Anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev Ji
● Guru Nanak Jayanti, also known as Gurpurab or Guru Nanak Prakash Utsav, will be celebrated on November 15, 2024,
marking the 555th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism.
● Observed on the Purnima Tithi (Full Moon) of Kartik month, it begins at 6:19 AM on November 15 and ends at 2:58
AM on November 16. Born in 1469 in Talwandi (now Nankana Sahib, Pakistan), Guru Nanak preached unity, equality,
and selfless service.
● This festival is significant as a reminder of his timeless teachings on humanity and social harmony.

118
OBITUARIES
Sanskrit Scholar Vasant Anant Gadgil Passes Away at 94
● Sanskrit scholar Vasant Anant Gadgil, founder of Sharda Gyan Peetham, passed away at 94 in Pune.
● Renowned for promoting Sanskrit globally, he taught at Tilak Maharashtra University and researched ancient texts
like the Vedas.
● He founded the "Sharda" magazine and authored works like the Sanskrit biography of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar,
"Bhimayanam."
● Honoured with awards like the Mahakavi Kalidas Sanskrit-Vrati National Award, Gadgil also celebrated Rishi
Panchami to recognize intellectual contributions.
● His legacy continues through his family and contributions to Sanskrit education.
Renowned Physicist and Gender Equity Advocate Rohini Godbole Passes Away
● Renowned physicist and Padma Shri awardee Professor Rohini Godbole passed away at 72 in Bengaluru.
● A pioneer in particle physics and field theory, she critiqued the Standard Model and contributed to CERN’s accelerator
design.
● A champion of gender equity, she co-edited Lilavati’s Daughters and authored pivotal works on women in STEM.
● Honoured with the French National Medal of Merit (2021), she inspired generations through her research and
advocacy for women’s participation in science.
Justice K.S. Puttaswamy, Key Figure in Right to Privacy Case, Passes Away at 98
● Justice K.S. Puttaswamy, petitioner in the landmark Right to Privacy case, passed away at 98. Born in 1926 in Kolar,
Karnataka, he served as a Karnataka High Court judge and first vice chairperson of the Central Administrative
Tribunal.
● In 2012, he filed a petition challenging the Aadhaar scheme's constitutionality, leading to the 2017 Supreme Court
verdict recognizing privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21.
● His advocacy reshaped India's legal landscape on individual rights and privacy.
● Justice Puttaswamy's contributions remain pivotal in safeguarding constitutional liberties.
Bibek Debroy, Chairman of PM’s Economic Advisory Council, Passes Away at 69
● Renowned economist Bibek Debroy, chairman of the Prime Minister’s Economic Advisory Council (EAC-PM), passed
away at 69.
● A prolific scholar, he contributed significantly to economic policy and public discourse, influencing governance,
infrastructure, and macroeconomics.
● Known for his Sanskrit translations, including the Mahabharata, Debroy bridged ancient wisdom with modern
thought.
● Prime Minister Modi hailed him as a "towering scholar" who enriched India's intellectual and cultural heritage.
● A Padma Shri awardee, Debroy’s legacy as a visionary economist and literary luminary endures.
Renowned Polo Player H S Sodhi Passes Away at 86
● Harinder Singh Sodhi, fondly called ‘Billy,’ a legendary Indian polo player and Arjuna Awardee, passed away at 86 due
to age-related ailments.
● Renowned for achieving a rare handicap of plus-five, he played alongside icons like Hanut Singh and Sawai Man Singh
of Jaipur. Beyond polo, he managed India’s equestrian team at the 1980 Moscow Olympics.
● His brother, Ravinder Singh Sodhi, is also an Arjuna Award-winning polo player, reflecting a family legacy in the sport.
● Sodhi’s contributions to Indian polo remain celebrated and deeply admired.

119
Legendary Sarangi Virtuoso Pandit Ram Narayan Passes Away at 96
● Pandit Ram Narayan, a revolutionary sarangi maestro, passed away on November 8, 2024, at 96 in Mumbai.
● Credited with elevating the sarangi from an accompaniment to a celebrated solo instrument, his contributions
spanned Indian classical and Bollywood music, with iconic works in Mughal-e-Azam and Pakeezah.
● Internationally acclaimed, he performed at venues like Royal Albert Hall and BBC Proms.
● Recipient of the Padma Vibhushan and Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, he inspired generations, leaving a legacy of
innovation and reverence for the sarangi in global music.
Madan Mohan Somtiya, Freedom Fighter and Member of Mewar Praja Mandal, Passes Away at 102
● Madan Mohan Somtiya, a renowned freedom fighter and member of the Mewar Praja Mandal, passed away at 102 in
Rajasthan's Rajsamand district. Born in 1922, he played a pivotal role in India's independence movement,
participating in the Quit India Movement and enduring multiple arrests.
● Known for his defiance, including blackening Queen Victoria’s statue in Udaipur, he was honored by leaders like
Pranab Mukherjee and Ashok Gehlot for his contributions to social justice and the freedom struggle.
● Somtiya’s legacy remains a symbol of courage and dedication to the nation.
World-Renowned Mridangam Maestro Varadarao Kamalakara Rao Passes Away at 88
● Eminent Mridangam scholar Varadarao Kamalakara Rao passed away at 88 in Rajahmundry, leaving behind an
unparalleled legacy in Carnatic music.
● A disciple of Palghat Mani Iyer, Rao was celebrated for his rhythmic innovations and collaborations with legends like
Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer and Mandolin Srinivas.
● He earned prestigious accolades, including the Central Sangeet Natak Akademi Award and the President’s Medal.
● Rao’s international recognition peaked with a performance at the United Nations.
● A dedicated mentor and cultural icon, his influence endures through students and admirers, ensuring his rhythms
resonate across generations.

RANKINGS
Princess Mikasa, Oldest Member of Japan’s Imperial Family, Passes Away at 101
● Princess Mikasa, the oldest member of Japan’s royal family, passed away at 101. Born Yuriko Takagi in 1923, she
married Prince Takahito, Emperor Hirohito’s younger brother, becoming a key figure in the imperial family.
● Her life spanned World War II and post-war recovery, marked by resilience through personal and societal hardships.
● She raised five children, though tragically all three sons predeceased her. Her passing highlights the dwindling heirs
in Japan’s imperial lineage, leaving Prince Hisahito as the only young male heir under the Imperial Household Law.
Economic Freedom of the World: 2024 Annual Report Released
● The 2024 Economic Freedom of the World Report assessed 165 countries, ranking Hong Kong, Singapore, and
Switzerland as the top three for economic freedom in 2022.
● The report highlights that economically freer nations enjoy higher GDP per capita (7.6 times greater), longer life
expectancy, and reduced poverty.
● India ranked 84th, trailing major economies like Japan (11th) and Germany (16th). However, global economic
freedom has declined over the past three years, reversing a two-decade trend.
● Criticisms of the report include debates on its correlation with growth, especially in welfare-heavy northern European
economies.
India Ranks 79th in World Justice Project’s Rule of Law Index 2024
● The World Justice Project’s Rule of Law Index 2024 places India 79th out of 142 countries, reflecting a modest
improvement from last year.

120
● Regionally, India ranks 3rd in South Asia, trailing Nepal (69th) and Sri Lanka (75th). Globally, Denmark, Norway, and
Finland lead the rankings, while Venezuela ranks lowest. India's strengths lie in Open Government (44th globally),
while challenges persist in Fundamental Rights (102nd) and Civil Justice (107th).
● The report underscores the need for reforms in judicial efficiency, corruption reduction, and upholding civil liberties.
Lahore Declared the Most Polluted City in the World Again
● Lahore has been named the world's most polluted city, with an alarming Air Quality Index (AQI) of 708, and PM2.5
levels exceeding the WHO’s safe limits by 86 times.
● The crisis is attributed to vehicular and industrial emissions, crop burning, and ineffective policies.
● Health warnings have been issued, urging residents to wear masks and limit outdoor activities.
● The Punjab government has launched measures, including an Anti-Smog Squad, farmer education on stubble burning
alternatives, and climate diplomacy with India. However, experts predict long-term solutions may take years to yield
results.
Global AI Preparedness: India’s Position Among Leading Nations
● Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping global economies, with the market projected to grow at a 36.6% CAGR by 2030.
● The IMF’s AI Preparedness Index 2023 ranks 174 countries based on digital infrastructure, human capital, innovation,
and legal frameworks.
● Singapore leads with a score of 0.80, followed by Denmark and the U.S. India ranks 72nd with a score of 0.49,
showcasing high AI usage but lagging in infrastructure and policies.
● Neighbouring China ranks 31st (0.63), while Sri Lanka and Bangladesh rank 92nd and 113th, respectively.
Henley Passport Index 2024: India Ranks 83rd
● The Henley Passport Index 2024, released in October, ranks Singapore as the world's most powerful passport,
granting visa-free access to 195 countries.
● India stands at 83rd, offering visa-free access to 58 nations. The index, published by UK-based Henley & Partners,
evaluates global mobility based on visa-free access and diplomatic strength.
● Among neighbouring countries, Maldives ranks highest at 53rd (94 visa-free destinations), while Pakistan ranks
102nd (33 destinations).
● The rankings emphasise Singapore's diplomatic excellence and highlight India's growing yet limited global mobility.
QS Asia Rankings 2025: India Shines with Six Universities in Top 100
● India excelled in the QS Asia Rankings 2025, with IIT Delhi (44th), IIT Bombay (48th), and IIT Madras (56th) leading
among 161 Indian universities ranked.
● India dominates South Asia, with IIT Delhi emerging as the region’s top institution.
● Other top-ranked Indian universities include IISc (62nd), IIT Kanpur (67th), and Delhi University (81st).
● The rankings highlight India’s strength in academic reputation and employer reputation, reflecting its global impact
in research and education.
● This success underscores India's growing prominence as a hub of innovation and higher education excellence.
Hurun India Philanthropy List 2024: Top Philanthropists and Key Insights
● The EdelGive-Hurun India Philanthropy List 2024 showcases Shiv Nadar & Family as the top philanthropist, donating
₹2,153 crore towards education.
● Among 203 philanthropists contributing ₹8,783 crore, Mukesh Ambani & Family, the Bajaj Family, and Kumar
Mangalam Birla also ranked high. Education remained the leading cause, with ₹3,680 crore donated.
● Youngest philanthropist Nikhil Kamath (38) emphasised youth-driven impact, while Rohini Nilekani emerged as the
top female philanthropist.
● The rise of self-made donors (109) reflects growing social responsibility, with Mumbai leading as the top
philanthropic hub. Total donations saw a 55% surge in two years.

121
ISA Launches 3rd World Solar Report Series
● The International Solar Alliance (ISA) launched the 3rd edition of its World Solar Report at the 7th Assembly.
● Released by India’s Minister Pralhad Joshi, the report covers solar market growth, investment trends, technological
advancements, and green hydrogen potential.
● Key findings include a surge in global solar capacity (1,418 GW in 2023), a 90% drop in solar PV costs since 2010, and
$393 billion solar investment in 2023.
● ISA aims for $1 trillion in solar investments by 2030, with a focus on Africa for green hydrogen.
London Tops Global City Brands Rankings Again
● London has secured the top spot in the Global City Index for the second consecutive year. The ranking, released by
Brand Finance, is based on a survey of 15,000 people across 20 countries.
● The survey evaluates cities across seven key pillars: business & investment, liveability, culture & heritage,
sustainability, governance, education, and people & values.
● Following London, the top 10 cities include New York, Paris, Tokyo, and Dubai.
India's Historic Rise: Ranked 6th Globally in WIPO Patent Filings 2023
● India has ranked 6th globally in patent filings for the first time in 2023, with 64,480 patents filed, reflecting a 15.7%
growth from 2022.
● This marks the fifth consecutive year of double-digit growth in India's patent activity. The country now ranks among
the top 10 nations for intellectual property filings, including patents, trademarks, and industrial designs.
● Globally, patent filings surged, with China leading the way. Asia, led by India, continues to dominate global patent
activity, contributing to nearly 69% of global filings.

SUMMIT’s AND MOU’s

2024 BRICS Summit: Expanding Cooperation and New Milestones
● The 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan saw the introduction of BRICS Pay, a payment system to reduce dependency on the
US dollar.
● The Kazan Declaration supported UN reforms and Palestine's full membership. Notably, China, Russia, and India
strengthened ties, while India-China relations saw a resolution of a long-standing military standoff.
● BRICS expanded with Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and UAE joining, boosting its global influence.
● The summit's focus was on multilateralism, with discussions on de-dollarization, space cooperation, and a potential
common BRICS currency to enhance global economic governance.
Colombia Hosts COP16: Nearly 200 Countries Engage in Dialogue
● The United Nations Biodiversity Conference (COP16) commenced in Colombia, bringing together nearly 200 countries
to address biodiversity loss.
● The conference focuses on implementing the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, a treaty signed by
196 nations to protect ecosystems.
● Key discussions include setting aside 30% of territories for conservation and reducing harmful environmental
subsidies.
● The conference also aims to enhance biodiversity monitoring and develop a framework for the equitable sharing of
genetic resources. Only 31 countries have submitted their biodiversity plans as the summit begins.
Asia Clean Energy Summit 2024
● The 11th Asia Clean Energy Summit (ACES) was held in Singapore from October 22-24, 2024, as part of the Singapore
International Energy Week.
● Co-organized by the Energy Research Institute @ NTU and the Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore, the
summit focused on shaping a sustainable future for the Asia-Pacific region.
● Key themes included net-zero targets, technological innovations, and financing sustainable development.

122
● The event also hosted the inaugural Asia Carbon Summit, addressing the development of carbon markets and the role
of carbon credits in driving greener economies.
India Hosts Maiden Asian Buddhist Summit to Strengthen Asia's Spiritual Development
● India hosted the inaugural Asian Buddhist Summit (ABS) in New Delhi on November 5-6, 2024, under the theme "Role
of Buddha Dhamma in Strengthening Asia."
● Organised by the Ministry of Culture and the International Buddhist Confederation (IBC), the summit focused on how
Buddha’s teachings can address modern challenges and contribute to spiritual growth across Asia.
● This event reflects India's Act East Policy, aiming for cultural and spiritual unity in the region.
● The summit brought together Sangha leaders, scholars, and practitioners to explore Buddhism's role in fostering
peace and development.
Indian Navy Hosts 3rd Mahasagar Summit on Maritime Security
● The Indian Navy hosted the third edition of the Mahasagar summit, focusing on "Training Cooperation to Mitigate
Common Maritime Security Challenges in the IOR."
● The virtual summit, led by Admiral Dinesh Kumar Tripathi, gathered senior leaders from 10 countries, including
Bangladesh, Maldives, Sri Lanka, and Tanzania.
● Discussions emphasized enhancing training cooperation to address maritime challenges such as piracy, illegal fishing,
and environmental threats in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
● Launched in 2003, Mahasagar is a bi-annual event promoting maritime security and regional collaboration,
reaffirming India’s leadership in IOR maritime stability.
COP29: The Crucial Climate Summit in Baku, Azerbaijan
● COP29, held in Baku from November 11–22, 2024, focuses on securing financial commitments for climate action, with
an emphasis on the "New Collective Quantified Goal" (NCQG).
● The summit aims to address climate finance, carbon markets, and updated emission reduction targets. Despite
geopolitical tensions, particularly the re-election of Donald Trump, discussions aim to advance global cooperation on
climate solutions.
● The summit is critical for ensuring progress towards achieving climate goals, including reducing reliance on fossil
fuels and enhancing resilience in vulnerable nations. The outcome will shape future climate efforts worldwide.
PM Modi’s Three-Nation Visit: G20 Summit in Brazil, Nigeria, and Guyana (Nov 16-21)
● Prime Minister Narendra Modi will embark on a three-nation visit from November 16-21, 2024, which includes
attending the G20 Summit in Brazil, visiting Nigeria, and concluding with a state visit to Guyana.
● At the G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro, Modi will focus on key issues like climate change, debt, and gender equality.
● He will also strengthen India-Nigeria ties and participate in the CARICOM-India Summit in Guyana, marking his first
visit there since 1968.
G20 Rio Summit 2024: A Focus on Global Challenges and Turbulence
● The 19th G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro concluded with the adoption of the Rio Declaration, addressing global issues
such as climate change, the Ukraine war, and economic inequality.
● Key highlights included the reaffirmation of climate action, condemnation of terrorism, and calls for peace in conflict
zones like Gaza and Lebanon.
● Brazil’s President proposed taxing billionaires to reduce inequality, while the Global Alliance Against Hunger aims to
feed 500 million people by 2030.
● Despite some agreements, tensions remained over funding for climate change and geopolitical conflicts, notably over
the Ukraine war.
India and Australia: Highlights from the 2nd Annual Summit
● On November 19, 2024, Prime Ministers Narendra Modi and Anthony Albanese held the 2nd India-Australia Annual
Summit in Rio de Janeiro.

123
● Key highlights included strengthening economic ties with the India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade
Agreement (ECTA), advancing renewable energy and space cooperation, and enhancing defense and security
collaboration.
● Both leaders committed to regional stability, emphasizing the Indo-Pacific and strengthening Quad cooperation.
● New consulates in Bengaluru and Brisbane, along with educational partnerships and sports diplomacy, were also
discussed.
● The summit marked significant progress in the India-Australia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP).

BANKING AND ECONOMY

IMF Maintains India’s GDP Growth at 7% for FY25, 6.5% for FY26
● The IMF has kept India's GDP growth projections at 7% for FY25 and 6.5% for FY26.
● The economy, having largely absorbed post-pandemic pent-up demand, is now aligning with its potential growth
trajectory. India’s resilience amidst global uncertainties is reflected in these projections.
● The RBI also maintains a 7.2% growth forecast for FY24, supported by strong consumption and investment.
● India is benefiting from the global shift in manufacturing production, particularly in comparison to advanced
economies. Additionally, inflation is projected at 4.4% for FY25 and 4.1% for FY26.
India’s Economic Growth Projected at 7-7.2% for FY25
● Deloitte India projects the economy to grow between 7.0% and 7.2% in FY25, despite a 6.7% slowdown in Q1.
● Key drivers include moderating inflation, record Kharif crop production, and increased government spending. The
RBI's 7.2% growth forecast supports this outlook.
● Employment trends are positive, with manufacturing and services sectors showing growth, and female labour force
participation increasing. However, challenges remain in informal sectors.
● The government's focus on clean energy and sectors like semiconductors and electronics is expected to generate new
employment, ensuring sustained economic growth amid global uncertainties.
NIPFP Lowers India’s FY25 GDP Growth Estimate to 6.9-7.1%
● The National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) has revised India’s FY25 GDP growth forecast to 6.9-7.1%,
down from 7.1-7.4%.
● This adjustment follows a slowdown observed in the June quarter, attributed to a sharp contraction in net exports and
reduced government consumption due to the election model code of conduct.
● The NIPFP also highlighted a 19.5% decrease in capital expenditure, though a rebound is expected in the second half
of FY25.
● The RBI maintains a 7.2% growth forecast, while the IMF keeps its estimate at 7%.
Drop in India’s Foreign Exchange Reserves to $688.26 Billion
● India's foreign exchange reserves decreased by $2.163 billion to $688.267 billion for the week ending October 18,
2024.
● This follows a significant drop of $10.746 billion in the previous week. Key components include a decrease in Foreign
Currency Assets by $3.865 billion to $598.236 billion, while gold reserves increased by $1.786 million to $67.444
billion.
● Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) fell by $68 million, and Reserve Position with the IMF dropped by $16 million. The
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) manages the country's forex reserves, ensuring stability and supporting international
trade.
RBI’s Diwali Plan: Transporting 102 Tonnes of Gold from England
● On Dhanteras (October 29, 2024), the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) successfully transported 102 tonnes of gold from
the Bank of England to secure storage facilities in India.

124
● This strategic move aims to bolster India’s gold reserves amid global geopolitical tensions. As of September 2024,
RBI's total gold reserves stood at 854.73 metric tonnes, with 510.46 tonnes held domestically.
● The share of gold in India’s foreign exchange reserves increased from 8.15% to 9.32% over the past six months,
emphasizing the importance of gold in strengthening financial stability.
Govt Reconstitutes CAC to Strengthen Apprenticeship Training and Drive Industry Reforms
● The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) has restructured the Central Apprenticeship Council
(CAC) to reform apprenticeship programs and boost workforce development.
● The new CAC, with 54 members, includes representatives from industry associations, PSUs, state governments, and
experts.
● Key members include PSUs like BHEL, IOC, and HAL, along with private companies like TATA Group and Maruti Suzuki.
MSDE Minister Jayant Chaudhary chairs the council, with Vikramjit Singh Sahney as vice-chairman.
● The council will guide the government on apprenticeship policies under the Apprenticeship Act, 1961, aiming to
expand apprenticeship participation.
Amit Shah Greenlights Rs. 725.62 Crore for Fire Services Expansion
● Union Home Minister Amit Shah has approved Rs. 725.62 crore for expanding and modernising fire services in
Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and West Bengal.
● This funding, approved by a high-level committee led by Shah, will support disaster response and fire safety
infrastructure in these states. Chhattisgarh will receive Rs. 147.76 crore, Odisha Rs. 201.10 crore, and West Bengal Rs.
376.76 crore.
● The initiative is part of the government’s broader effort to strengthen disaster management systems and align with
Prime Minister Modi’s vision for a disaster-resilient India.
PSBs Post Strong H1 FY25 Growth, Driven by Reforms & Technology
● Public Sector Banks (PSBs) reported an 11% YoY growth in business, reaching Rs 236 trillion in H1 FY25. Net profit
surged by 25.6%, totaling Rs 85,520 crore, while operating profit rose by 14.4%.
● The banks' global credit portfolio grew by 12.9%, while the deposit portfolio rose by 9.5%. NPAs improved, with gross
NPAs down to 3.12% and net NPAs to 0.63%. PSBs have embraced advanced technologies like AI, cloud, and
blockchain to enhance services.
● They also implemented re-KYC for PMJDY accounts, strengthening digital banking and regulatory compliance.
India’s Industrial Output Grows 3.1% in September 2024
● India’s industrial production rose by 3.1% in September 2024, marking a recovery from the 0.1% decline in August.
● Manufacturing led the growth with a 3.9% increase, driven by sectors like coke and refined petroleum products (5.3%)
and electrical equipment (18.7%).
● Electricity generation grew by 0.5%, while mining saw a slight increase of 0.2%. In the use-based classification,
consumer durables experienced a strong 6.5% growth, and intermediate goods rose by 4.2%.
● Despite a slowdown from last year’s 6.4%, the overall performance signals a steady recovery in industrial output.
India’s CPI for October 2024: Key Highlights
● India's year-on-year inflation based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for October 2024 was 6.21%, with rural
inflation at 6.68% and urban inflation at 5.62%.
● The Consumer Food Price Index (CFPI) indicated higher food inflation, at 10.87%, with rural at 10.69% and urban at
11.09%.
● Key contributors to food inflation included vegetables (42.18%), oils and fats (9.51%), and pulses (7.43%).
● Housing inflation stood at 2.81%, while electricity inflation was 5.45%. Compared to September 2024, CPI increased
by 1.34%, and CFPI rose by 2.58%.

125
India's October 2024 Exports Surge 17%, Trade Deficit Hits $27 Billion
● India's merchandise exports surged by 17.3% in October 2024, reaching $39.2 billion, the fastest growth in 28 months,
driven by pre-Christmas demand in Western countries.
● Engineering goods, electronic goods, chemicals, and garments led the charge, with petroleum exports down by 22.1%.
However, imports reached a record $66.34 billion, pushing the trade deficit to $27.1 billion.
● Cumulatively, from April to October, exports grew by 3.2%, while imports rose by 5.7%, leading to a trade deficit of
$164.65 billion. Services exports grew 21.3% to $34 billion, with a surplus of $17 billion.
WPI Inflation Hits 4-Month High of 2.36% in October 2024
● India's Wholesale Price Index (WPI) inflation surged to 2.36% in October 2024, driven primarily by a sharp increase
in food prices, especially vegetables (up 63.04%) and potatoes (up 78.73%).
● Food inflation rose to 13.54%, compared to 11.53% in September. Manufactured product inflation increased to 1.5%,
while fuel and power prices saw a decline, with high-speed diesel and petrol prices dropping by 6.23% and 7.35%,
respectively. Core inflation remained low at 0.3%.
● This marked a rebound in inflation from the 1.84% recorded in September, following a volatile trend in earlier months
of 2024.
India’s Outward FDI Hits $3.7 Billion in October 2024
● India’s outward foreign direct investment (FDI) surged to $3.7 billion in October 2024, marking a significant rise from
$2.55 billion in October 2023. However, there was a slight decline from $3.77 billion in September 2024.
● Notably, equity commitments dropped to $655.84 million, while debt commitments surged to $1.24 billion, reflecting
a growing preference for debt-based investments. Guarantees for overseas units remained stable at $1.33 billion.
● This shift towards debt over equity is indicative of changing investment strategies by Indian businesses in the
international market.
SBI Named Best Bank in India for 2024 by Global Finance Magazine
● State Bank of India (SBI) has been named the Best Bank in India for 2024 by Global Finance Magazine at its 31st Annual
Best Bank Awards in Washington.
● The award, accepted by SBI Chairman CS Setty, highlights the bank’s dedication to providing exceptional services and
promoting financial inclusion.
● This recognition reflects SBI's role in the evolving banking landscape, strengthening customer trust and its
commitment to digital innovation and expanding financial access nationwide through initiatives like the YONO
platform.
IDFC FIRST Bank Launches Real-Time International Money Transfer Tracking
● IDFC FIRST Bank, in collaboration with Swift, has introduced India's first real-time tracking service for international
money transfers.
● Available through its mobile app and internet banking, this service allows customers to monitor cross-border
transactions with complete transparency.
● The integration with Swift GPI enables users to track the exact status of funds, receive alerts for potential issues, and
take corrective actions swiftly.
● The service is free under the "Pay Abroad" feature, with no additional charges, and is aimed at enhancing the
experience for users making international remittances for education, medical expenses, and family maintenance
under the RBI’s Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS).
● This move aligns with IDFC FIRST Bank's technology-led vision and commitment to customer satisfaction.
Deutsche Bank Infuses ₹5,113 Crore to Boost India Operations
● Deutsche Bank has made a significant capital infusion of ₹5,113 crore into its Indian operations, marking the largest
investment in recent years.

126
● This brings its regulatory capital to ₹30,000 crore, reflecting a 33% increase from 2023 and a threefold growth over
the last decade.
● The bank plans to focus on key sectors like digital transformation, sustainable finance, and infrastructure
development, aligning with India’s strategic role in global economic trends.
● This expansion underscores Deutsche Bank’s long-term commitment to India, which has become one of the bank's
most important global markets. The infusion follows a strong profit growth of 35% for FY24, highlighting the bank’s
growing market position in India.
RBI Designates 10-Year Sovereign Green Bonds Under FAR for Non-Resident Investments
● The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has designated 10-year Sovereign Green Bonds (SGrBs) as 'specified securities' under
the Fully Accessible Route (FAR), allowing non-resident investments.
● These bonds, planned for issuance in the second half of FY2024-25, are part of the government's ₹6.61 lakh crore
borrowing program.
● The move aligns with India’s efforts to increase inclusion in global bond indices, such as JPMorgan’s GBI-EM GD and
Bloomberg’s EM Local Currency Government indices. This strategy aims to attract international capital and support
sustainable development.
SBI Unveils Innovation Hub at Singapore Fintech Festival
● State Bank of India (SBI) launched the ‘SBI Innovation Hub’ in collaboration with APIX at the Singapore Fintech
Festival, held from November 6-8, 2024.
● The hub aims to drive financial innovation and digital transformation by providing a platform for global FinTechs and
startups to develop next-generation financial solutions.
● It offers access to over 250 financial service APIs in a secure Sandbox environment, facilitating seamless collaboration
and customization.
● The initiative also includes opportunities for hackathons, challenges, and partnerships, allowing innovators to reach
SBI’s expansive customer base in India.
ADB Approves $200 Million Loan for Uttarakhand Livability Improvement Project
● The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved a $200 million loan for the Uttarakhand Livability Improvement
Project, aimed at enhancing urban infrastructure and climate resilience in five cities of Uttarakhand: Haldwani,
Champawat, Kichha, Kotdwar, and Vikasnagar.
● The project will focus on improving water supply, sanitation, drainage, flood management, and urban mobility. It also
includes gender empowerment initiatives and disaster resilience measures.
● The total project cost is $465.9 million, with co-financing from ADB, the European Investment Bank, and the
Uttarakhand Government. This initiative aligns with India's urban development goals, aiming for sustainable, livable
urban spaces.
SBI Seeks $1.25 Billion in 2024’s Largest Dollar-Denominated Loan
● State Bank of India (SBI) is seeking a $1.25 billion, five-year loan, which would be the largest dollar-denominated loan
from India's financial sector in 2024.
● Arranged by CTBC Bank, HSBC, and Taipei Fubon Bank, the loan is intended for general corporate purposes.
● Despite a decrease in India's total dollar-denominated loan volume by 27% in 2024, SBI's reliance on foreign currency
borrowing continues, as evidenced by this loan and its earlier $750 million borrowing in July.
● The loan will be issued from the Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City), India's financial hub.

127
1
 He played a significant role in shaping Haryana's political and social landscape and was instrumental in strengthening
the Indian National Lok Dal (INLD).
 His career witnessed both achievements and controversies, including his involvement in a recruitment scam that led
to imprisonment.
 Political leaders across party lines expressed their condolences, acknowledging his contributions to the state.
 Chautala's passing marks the end of an era in Haryana's political history, leaving behind a legacy of leadership and
influence.

RANKING
India Drops Two Spots in Global Climate Index but Remains in Top 10 Performers
 India secured the 10th position in the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) 2025, slipping two spots from last
year while maintaining its place among the top 10 global performers.
 Strengths include low per-capita emissions (2.9 tCO₂e), significant progress in renewable energy adoption,
advancements in electric vehicle (EV) deployment, and improved energy efficiency standards.
 Challenges persist with heavy reliance on coal and a growth-driven climate approach to meet rising energy demands
from industrialization and population growth.
 India reaffirmed its net-zero target by 2070 and aims to install 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030.
 Globally, Denmark (4th), Netherlands (5th), and the UK (6th) topped the rankings, while Iran (67th), Saudi Arabia
(66th), UAE (65th), and Russia (64th) ranked lowest due to oil dependency.
 The top three spots remain vacant as no country achieved a “very high” performance standard.
 The index, published by Germanwatch, New Climate Institute, and Climate Action Network International, assesses 63
countries and the EU, collectively contributing 90% of global emissions.
India Ranks 23rd in Sustainable Trade Index 2024
 India secured the 23rd position globally in the Sustainable Trade Index 2024, jointly published by the Hinrich
Foundation and IMD.
 The index evaluates countries based on three pillars: Economic Growth, Societal Advancement, and Environmental
Resilience.
 India’s Scores Across Pillars:
o Economic Factors: 62.3 – Strong growth supported by ‘Make in India,’ expanding global trade partnerships, and a
booming industrial sector.
o Societal Aspects: 13.3 – Challenges persist in poverty alleviation, gender inequality, and healthcare access.
o Environmental Resilience: 43.1 – Strengths include adoption of renewable energy and global agreements, but
challenges remain in air pollution, deforestation, and waste management.
 Globally, New Zealand (1st), United Kingdom (2nd), and Australia (3rd) topped the rankings, while Iran (67th), Saudi
Arabia (66th), and UAE (65th) were at the bottom.
 The report emphasizes India's potential to drive sustainable trade practices but highlights the urgent need for
comprehensive social reforms, aggressive environmental measures, and enhanced global collaborations to address
inequalities and environmental challenges.
India Among Top 10 Countries Globally in AI Readiness
 India ranks among the Top 10 countries globally in AI readiness, securing 2nd place for AI specialist talent and 3rd in
AI research publications, according to a report by the Boston Consulting Group (BCG).
 AI is revolutionizing sectors like Business Services (16% of GDP), Retail (10%), Public Services (6%), Agriculture
(17%), and Construction (8%).
 In Agriculture, AI adoption through precision farming enhances productivity and risk management, while in retail, AI
optimizes supply chains and reduces waste.
 The report highlights challenges such as infrastructure gaps, workforce skill development, and ethical AI governance.
 Recommendations include building advanced AI research hubs, improving cloud infrastructure, training rural
workforces, and developing ethical guidelines to mitigate AI biases.
 Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are emphasized as crucial drivers for innovation, resource sharing, and
technological advancement.
 India’s AI advancements position it as a leader in leveraging AI for economic growth, improved governance, and global
competitiveness.

208
India’s Rise in THE Interdisciplinary Science Rankings 2025: A Milestone in Research Excellence
 India secured a significant milestone in the Times Higher Education (THE) Interdisciplinary Science Rankings 2025,
with 65 Indian universities making it to the global list.
 Anna University emerged as the highest-ranked Indian institution at 42nd place, followed by VIT University (65th),
SRM Institute of Science and Technology (84th), and KIIT University (92nd).
 Other notable Indian universities in the top 100 include the University of Delhi (98th) and Lovely Professional
University (99th).
 Globally, MIT (USA), Stanford University (USA), and the National University of Singapore claimed the top three spots.
 The rankings emphasize India's growing strength in interdisciplinary research, integrating fields like engineering, life
sciences, and computer science to address global challenges such as healthcare, environmental sustainability, and
technological advancements.
 This recognition reflects India's increasing focus on cross-disciplinary collaboration, research innovation, and its
rising influence in global academia.
India Joins Top 50 in Network Readiness Index 2024: A Digital Milestone
 India climbed 11 positions to secure 49th place in the Network Readiness Index (NRI) 2024, marking significant
progress in network infrastructure, digital transformation, and technological innovation.
 India's NRI score improved from 49.93 in 2023 to 53.63 in 2024.
 Globally, India ranked 1st in AI Scientific Publications, AI Talent Concentration, and ICT Services Exports.
 The country also secured 2nd position in FTTH/Building Internet Subscriptions, Mobile Broadband Internet Traffic,
and International Internet Bandwidth.
 India ranked 2nd among lower-middle-income countries, following Vietnam.
 Telecom growth highlights include a rise in tele-density to 84.69%, 119 crore wireless connections, and an increase
in broadband subscribers to 94.4 crore.
 India’s 5G rollout in 2022 boosted its mobile broadband speed ranking from 118th to 15th globally.
 With the Bharat 6G Vision, India aims to lead 6G technology innovation.
 Globally, the USA, Singapore, and Finland secured the top three ranks, while among India's neighbors, China ranked
17th, Bangladesh 89th, Sri Lanka 95th, and Pakistan 97th.
IndiGo Ranks Among Worst Airlines Globally in AirHelp 2024 Report
 IndiGo Airlines ranked 103rd out of 109 in the 2024 AirHelp Score report, placing it among the worst global
performers.
 The report evaluates airlines based on punctuality, customer claims, food quality, seating comfort, and crew service.
 Despite this ranking, IndiGo maintains a 61.3% market share in India, carrying over 7.25 crore passengers in 2024.
 Air India fared better, securing the 61st position.
 Top Performers in 2024 AirHelp Report:
o 1st: Brussels Airlines
o 2nd: Qatar Airways
o 3rd: United Airlines
 Worst Performers:
o 109th: Tunisair
o 102nd: Aer Lingus
o 101st: Ryanair
Kerala Ranks Among Top States for Employability in India
 Kerala secures the 5th position in the India Skills Report 2025, following Maharashtra, Delhi, Karnataka, and Andhra
Pradesh.
 71%, showcasing Kerala's focus on education, skill development, and inclusivity.
 Kerala ranks 2nd for employability in the 18-21 age group and 3rd in B.E./BTech and polytechnic domains.
 Thiruvananthapuram and Kochi rank as preferred cities for fostering computer and English skills.
 The Additional Skill Acquisition Program (ASAP) has trained 2.5 lakh youth with industry-relevant skills.
 Kerala ranks 3rd in fostering computer skills nationwide.
 India leads globally in AI skill penetration, with a projected demand of 1 million AI professionals by 2026.
 Kerala maintains the highest youth employment rate at 29.9%.
 Initiatives like Skill India Mission, PMKVY, and SANKALP align curricula with industry requirements to address skill
gaps.

209
QS World University Rankings: Sustainability 2025 – IIT Delhi Leads India’s Green Charge
 QS Quacquarelli Symonds released the third edition of the ‘QS World University Rankings: Sustainability 2025’,
assessing universities on environmental impact, social responsibility, and governance.
 IIT Delhi emerged as the top-ranked Indian institution, securing the 171st global position, a significant jump from
426th in 2024.
 IIT Delhi's rise is credited to green campus initiatives, innovative research, and sustainable development projects.
 Other IITs, including IIT Kharagpur (202nd), IIT Bombay (234th), IIT Kanpur (245th), and IIT Madras (277th), also
demonstrated notable improvements.
 The rankings highlight Indian institutions' growing commitment to sustainability through research, carbon footprint
reduction, and clean energy promotion.
India Ranks 39th in Travel and Tourism Development Index 2024
 India climbed to the 39th position in the World Economic Forum's Travel and Tourism Development Index (TTDI)
2024, improving from 54th in 2021.
 The rise reflects India's strong recovery in global tourism and its growing prominence in medical and cultural tourism.
 Government initiatives like Swadesh Darshan, PRASHAD, and Assistance to Central Agencies have played a key role in
boosting tourism infrastructure.
 India has enhanced accessibility with 500 new air routes, 150 new airports, and high-speed trains like Vande Bharat.
 The Advantage Healthcare India portal supports international patients seeking medical treatment, solidifying India’s
position as a global medical tourism hub.
 India's rich cultural heritage, with 43 World Heritage Sites and extensive infrastructure investments, further
strengthens its tourism appeal.

SUMMIT’S & MOU’S

Sagarmanthan 2024: Charting India’s Maritime Future
 India’s maritime sector, with a 7,500 km coastline, 12 major ports, and 200+ minor ports, handles 95% of trade by
volume and 70% by value.
 Port capacity grew from 871.52 million tonnes in 2014-15 to 1,629.86 million tonnes in 2023-24, an 87% increase,
while cargo volume reached 819.22 million tonnes in FY24.
 Paradip Port became India’s largest cargo-handling port in FY24, managing 145.38 million tonnes.
 The Sagarmala Programme, with ₹3,714 crore allocated across 130 projects, focuses on port-led development, while
MIV 2030 emphasizes modernization and inland waterways.
 ₹82 billion is allocated for port infrastructure by 2035, with ₹76,220 crore earmarked for the new Vadhavan Port.
 The Green Tug Transition Program aims to replace fuel-based harbor tugs with eco-friendly alternatives by 2040.
 Sagarmanthan 2024, held on November 18–19 in New Delhi, focused on themes like the Blue Economy, maritime
logistics, and sustainable growth.
Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty Launched by Brazil’s President Lula
 Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva launched the Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty on November
18, 2024, during the G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro.
 The initiative includes 148 founding members: 82 countries, international organizations like the FAO and UNICEF,
financial institutions such as the World Bank, and NGOs like BRAC and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
 The Alliance aims to eradicate hunger and poverty by 2030 through cash transfers to 500 million people and
expanding school meal access to 150 million children.
 Key pillars focus on localized policy adaptation, financial mobilization, and evidence-based knowledge sharing.
UN Climate Change Conference COP 29 to be Held in Baku, Azerbaijan
 COP 29 will take place in November 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan, alongside CMP 19 (Kyoto Protocol), CMA 6 (Paris
Agreement), SBSTA 61, and SBI 61 sessions.
 The conference will focus on the enhanced transparency framework, the collective quantified finance goal, and
advancing the next round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
 The theme, “In Solidarity for a Green World,” emphasizes enhancing ambition and enabling action to achieve the 1.5°C
climate goal.
 Led by Azerbaijan's Minister Mukhtar Babayev, COP 29 will emphasize financial and technical support for
implementing NDCs.

210
 A ‘Roadmap to Mission 1.5°C’ outlines strategies to overcome barriers and enhance cooperation, supported by forums
like the G20 and Petersberg Climate Dialogue.
 The conference aims to set global benchmarks for transparency, resource allocation, and sustainable climate
transitions ahead of the next NDC submissions in 2025.
COP29 Climate Talks Conclude with $300 Billion Pledge
 The COP29 summit in Baku ended with a pledge by developed nations to provide $300 billion annually in climate
finance for developing countries by 2035, falling far short of the $1.3 trillion demanded by 2030.
 India strongly criticized the pledge as “abysmally poor” and the process as “stage-managed”, emphasizing the lack of
inclusivity and fairness in the distribution of funds.
 Chandni Raina, Adviser to the Department of Economic Affairs, highlighted the failure of developed nations to take
responsibility for historical greenhouse gas emissions.
 Other developing nations like Nigeria and Bolivia echoed concerns over inequity, arguing that reliance on private and
multilateral finance mechanisms shifts responsibility from developed nations.
 The delayed implementation timeline raised alarms, with experts warning that the financial gap jeopardizes the 1.5°C
target outlined in the Paris Agreement.
 Immediate financial and technological support is seen as critical to achieving effective mitigation and adaptation goals
globally.
PM Modi Inaugurates Historic Global Cooperative Conference 2024 in New Delhi
 Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi inaugurated the Global Cooperative Conference 2024 at Bharat Mandapam, New
Delhi, marking the launch of the United Nations International Year of Cooperatives 2025.
 Union Home Minister Amit Shah, Bhutan’s Prime Minister, and Fiji’s Deputy Prime Minister attended the event
alongside other global dignitaries.
 PM Modi emphasized the vision of “Sahkar Se Samriddhi” (Prosperity through Cooperation) and highlighted the role
of cooperatives in empowering farmers, women, and rural communities.
 Key initiatives announced include strengthening the legal framework for cooperatives, establishing a cooperative
university, and introducing a new cooperative policy.
13th National Seed Congress 2024 Inaugurated in Varanasi
 The 13th National Seed Congress was inaugurated on November 28, 2024, by Union Minister Shri Shivraj Singh
Chouhan via virtual address at the International Rice Research Institute South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC) in
Varanasi.
 Attended by over 700 delegates, including dignitaries like Shri Surya Pratap Shahi (UP Agriculture Minister) and Dr.
Yvonne Pinto (Director General, IRRI), the event emphasizes innovation, collaboration, and technology in the seed
sector.
 Key initiatives launched include the Abstract Compendium and Rice Fallow Webpage & Atlas for optimizing crop
planning in Eastern Indian states using geospatial technology.
 Plenary sessions focused on India’s Role in the Global Seed Sector, South-South Collaboration, and Public-Private
Partnerships.
 Uttar Pradesh announced plans for 200 seed parks and emphasized increased oilseed and millet cultivation.
 Discussions addressed seed affordability, quality assurance, and emerging technologies to tackle food security and
climate change challenges.
 The event highlights India’s leadership in the global seed market and aims to strengthen public-private partnerships
for sustainable agricultural growth.
PM Modi to Inaugurate Rising Rajasthan Global Summit on December 9, 2024
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the Rising Rajasthan Global Summit on December 9, 2024, at the Jaipur
Exhibition and Convention Center (JECC) in Sitapura.
 The three-day event (December 9–11) will focus on attracting investments in key sectors such as mining, stone,
education, medicine, and automobiles.
 The opening day of the summit will be powered entirely by solar energy, reflecting Rajasthan’s leadership in
renewable energy production and commitment to sustainability.
 Chief Minister Bhajanlal Sharma and Industry Minister Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore are overseeing the preparations
to ensure smooth execution.

211
 Rajasthan aims to achieve energy self-reliance by 2027 and strengthen its position as a top destination for industrial
investments.
 The summit is expected to serve as a platform for national and international investors to explore opportunities,
driving economic growth and innovation in the state.
Kaziranga Hosts 12th International Tourism Mart Showcasing Northeast India
 The 12th International Tourism Mart (ITM) began on November 27, 2024, in Kaziranga, Assam, highlighting Northeast
India’s tourism potential.
 Union Minister for Tourism and Culture, Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, inaugurated the event alongside Assam CM
Himanta Biswa Sharma and Arunachal Pradesh CM Pema Khandu.
 The Mart promotes collaboration between tourism stakeholders, emphasizing sustainable tourism and eco-friendly
practices under the “Travel for Life” initiative.
 Key launches included the Coffee Table Book “Guwahati and Around” by Assam Tourism Development Corporation.
 Major attractions included Kaziranga National Park, the Moidams of Charaideo (43rd UNESCO World Heritage Site),
and local cultural heritage sites.
 Activities featured B2B meetings, state presentations, cultural performances, food demonstrations, and technical
visits to landmarks like Kaziranga National Park and Hathikuli Tea Estate.
Chennai to Host World Maritime Conference 2024
 The World Maritime Technology Conference (WMTC) 2024 will be held in Chennai from December 4–6, 2024, hosted
by the Institute of Marine Engineers (India), Chennai Branch.
 Organized every three years under the World Maritime Technology Congress, the event will bring together 21
organizations from 17 countries, including global leaders, maritime professionals, and technology experts.
 Chennai, one of India’s oldest and most significant seaports, serves as a strategic maritime hub with robust
shipbuilding, logistics, and trade infrastructure.
 Key themes include innovation in maritime technology, sustainable maritime practices, AI and automation integration
in shipping, and enhancing global trade connectivity.
 The conference aims to facilitate knowledge sharing, showcase technological advancements, address industry
challenges, and foster international cooperation in maritime sustainability and infrastructure.
 The event highlights Chennai's role as a key maritime trade gateway, contributing significantly to India’s economic
and historical maritime success.
24th BIMSTEC Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) Held Virtually
 The 24th BIMSTEC Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) was hosted virtually by Thailand on December 20, 2024, with India
represented by Jaideep Mazumdar, Secretary (East), Ministry of External Affairs.
 The meeting reviewed progress since the last SOM in March 2023 and focused on key areas such as sustainable
development, regional connectivity, security, and people-to-people exchanges.
 Several key documents, including Plans of Action for cooperation and new cooperation mechanisms, were finalized.
 Discussions also addressed preparations for the upcoming 6th BIMSTEC Summit.
 India reiterated its commitment to BIMSTEC, aligning with policies such as Neighbourhood First, Vision SAGAR, and
Act East Policy.
 Areas for future cooperation included maritime and digital connectivity, health, food security, trade, investment, and
capacity building.
 The meeting was chaired by Paisan Rupanichkij from Thailand, with Nepal represented by Amrit Rai.
 India emphasized its vision for a vibrant, prosperous, and robust BIMSTEC region, underscoring the importance of
BIMSTEC Centres of Excellence.

ECONOMY
Morgan Stanley Cuts India’s FY25 Growth Forecast to 6.7%
 Morgan Stanley revised India’s FY25 growth forecast from 7% to 6.7%, citing weaker-than-expected Q2 data.
 Q2 growth is now expected at 6.3%, with a recovery projected in the second half of FY25.
 Recovery drivers include better agricultural output and increased government spending.
 Inflation forecast for FY25 is 4.9%, expected to ease to 4.3% in FY26.
 The RBI is expected to cut rates in April 2025 to aid economic recovery.
 FY26 and FY27 growth forecasts are maintained at 6.5%.

212
 Global outlook downgraded for China and corporate earnings.
India’s Unemployment Rate Drops to 6.4% in Q2
 India's urban unemployment rate decreased to 6.4% in the July-September 2024 quarter.
 This marks the lowest unemployment rate observed in recent years, down from 6.6% in the previous quarter.
 The rate remained consistent with the same period last year (2023).
 Men’s unemployment decreased to 5.7%, while women’s unemployment decreased to 8.4%.
 The Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) increased to 50.4%, with women’s LFPR slightly rising to 25.5%.
 The Worker Population Rate (WPR) for urban areas was 47.2%, with men at 70.7% and women at 23.4%.
 Positive employment trends indicate progress in job creation, but the gender gap in participation highlights areas for
further policy improvement.
India Secures $98 Million ADB Loan to Enhance Horticulture Health
 India has secured a $98 million loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to boost horticulture productivity.
 The project focuses on promoting disease-free planting material systems, enhancing crop yields, and building
resilience to climate change.
 The initiative aligns with the Atmanirbhar Clean Plant Programme (CPP) and aims to establish clean plant centres
with advanced diagnostic facilities.
 Key collaborators include the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, National Horticulture Board, and Indian
Council of Agricultural Research.
 The project will work with private nurseries, state governments, and researchers to ensure sustainability and success.
FDI Inflows Jump 45% to USD 29.79 Billion in H1 FY 2024-25
 India’s foreign direct investment (FDI) surged by 45% to USD 29.79 billion in the first half of FY 2024-25, compared
to USD 20.5 billion in the same period last year.
 Growth was driven by strong inflows in the services (USD 5.69 billion), telecom, computer software/hardware, and
pharmaceutical sectors.
 Key contributing countries included Singapore (USD 7.53 billion), Mauritius (USD 5.34 billion), USA (USD 2.57 billion),
and the Netherlands (USD 3.58 billion).
 Maharashtra emerged as the top recipient state with USD 13.55 billion, followed by Gujarat (USD 4 billion), Karnataka
(USD 3.54 billion), and Telangana (USD 1.54 billion).
 Non-conventional energy received significant FDI inflows of USD 2 billion.
 Total FDI, including equity, reinvested earnings, and other capital, reached USD 42.1 billion, reflecting a 28% growth
compared to the same period last year.
 The Q1 (April-June) saw a 47.8% rise to USD 16.17 billion, while Q2 (July-September) recorded a 43% increase to USD
13.6 billion.
GST Collection for November Rises by 8.5% to ₹1.82 Trillion
 India’s GST revenue rose by 8.5% in November 2024, reaching ₹1.82 lakh crore compared to ₹1.68 lakh crore in
November 2023. Growth was primarily driven by a 9.4% increase in domestic transactions, amounting to ₹1.40 lakh
crore. Revenue from imports increased by 6%, totaling ₹42,591 crore.
 Central GST (CGST): ₹34,141 crore; State GST (SGST): ₹43,047 crore; Integrated GST (IGST): ₹91,828 crore; Cess:
₹13,253 crore. Refunds worth ₹19,259 crore were issued, marking an 8.9% decline compared to last year. Net GST
collection, after refunds, rose by 11% to ₹1.63 lakh crore.
 In October 2024, GST revenue stood at ₹1.87 lakh crore (second-highest collection), while April 2024 recorded the
highest-ever GST collection of ₹2.10 lakh crore. States showing significant GST growth include Jammu & Kashmir
(25%), Sikkim (52%), Mizoram (16%), Tripura (18%), and Delhi (18%). States with slower growth include Haryana
(2%), Punjab (3%), Uttar Pradesh (5%), Tamil Nadu (8%), and Telangana (3%). Negative growth was recorded in
Rajasthan (-1%), Andhra Pradesh (-10%), and Chhattisgarh (-1%).
 The steady growth in GST collections reflects sustained economic recovery and increased domestic consumption.
Singapore Tops FDI Inflows to India, Contributing 50% in Q3
 Singapore emerged as the largest source of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India during the July-September 2024-
25 quarter, contributing 50% of the total FDI inflows.
 Total FDI inflows for the quarter reached USD 13.6 billion, marking a 43% year-on-year increase.
 Singapore's contribution amounted to over USD 7.5 billion in Q3 FY25.

213
 From April 2000 to March 2024, Singapore's cumulative FDI into India totaled USD 159.94 billion, reflecting its
longstanding economic partnership with India.
 Singapore was India’s 6th largest global trade partner in FY23-24, with bilateral trade valued at USD 35.61 billion.
 Trade with Singapore accounted for 29% of India’s trade with ASEAN countries in FY23-24.
 The surge in FDI signals renewed confidence in India’s economic outlook, with Singapore playing a pivotal role in
driving foreign investment growth.
World Bank Approves $188.28 Million Loan for Maharashtra’s Backward Districts
 The World Bank approved a $188.28 million loan for Maharashtra to drive economic growth in underdeveloped
districts.
 The loan, provided by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), has a 15-year maturity
period, including a 5-year grace period.
 The initiative focuses on district-level planning, e-governance services, and private sector engagement to accelerate
economic development and job creation.
 A "Maha Databank" will be established to create a data governance framework for evidence-based planning and
addressing challenges like gender disparity.
 The project aims to upgrade digital platforms, including MAITRI 2.0 (for business services) and the RTS portal (for
government services), to enhance access for private and public sectors.
 Districts achieving annual performance targets will receive fiscal incentives to encourage efficient governance and
service delivery.
 The program seeks to address fragmented governance and lack of credible data, improving institutional capability
and governance at the district level.
 This initiative will particularly focus on sectors like tourism, aiming for sustainable and broad-based development
across Maharashtra.
RBI Leads Global Gold Purchases with Record Reserves Surge
 India’s gold reserves surged to 882 tonnes in October 2024, with the RBI adding 27 tonnes during the month.
 The Reserve Bank of India purchased 77 tonnes of gold from January to October 2024, marking a five-fold increase
compared to the same period in 2023.
 In October alone, global central banks purchased 60 tonnes of gold, with India contributing 45% of the total.
 India, Turkey, and Poland accounted for 60% of global net gold purchases in 2024, reflecting a strategic shift towards
gold as a reserve asset.
 Turkey added 17 tonnes, marking its 17th consecutive month of net gold purchases, totaling 72 tonnes for 2024.
 Poland accumulated 8 tonnes in October, bringing its 2024 total to 69 tonnes, with a target of 20% gold allocation in
reserves.
India’s Employment Growth: Unemployment Rate Falls to 3.2% in 7 Years
 India’s unemployment rate decreased from 6% in 2017 to 3.2% in 2024, marking a significant improvement in the
employment landscape.
 Worker Population Ratio (WPR) rose from 46.8% in 2017-18 to 58.2% in 2023-24, reflecting robust job creation.
 Employment grew by 36%, adding 170 million jobs between 2016-17 and 2022-23, with GDP growth averaging 6.5%
during this period.
 Youth unemployment rate fell from 17.8% in 2017-18 to 10% in 2022-23, showing better job opportunities for
younger workers.
 Female labor force participation saw steady growth, supported by women-centric workforce policies.
 Gig economy workforce is projected to reach 23.5 million by 2029-30, highlighting the sector's rapid growth.
 Agriculture still employs 45% of the workforce, but employment in manufacturing and services sectors is rising.
RBI Introduces Secured Overnight Rupee Rate (SORR)
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) introduced the Secured Overnight Rupee Rate (SORR) as a new benchmark for
interest rate derivatives, replacing the Mumbai Inter-Bank Offer Rate (MIBOR).
 Developed by Financial Benchmarks India Limited (FBIL), SORR is based on secured overnight transactions like
market repo and tri-party repo (TREPS).
 Unlike MIBOR, which relies on polling data, SORR reflects actual market transactions, covering 98% of overnight
market activity, ensuring transparency and resistance to manipulation.
 The initiative aligns with global standards, mirroring the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR).

214
 While the immediate market impact remains limited, SORR aims to strengthen hedging instruments and expand non-
resident access to onshore Interest Rate Derivative (IRD) markets.
 The benchmark enhances market stability and credibility by focusing on secured repo transactions.
RBI Unveils [Link] to Combat Financial Fraud
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has launched [Link], an AI-powered tool to detect mule bank accounts used
for financial fraud and money laundering.
 Developed by the RBI Innovation Hub (RBIH), [Link] uses advanced machine learning algorithms to analyze
transaction data and identify suspicious patterns.
 Mule accounts are typically operated by individuals from lower-income or tech-illiterate backgrounds, exploited to
launder illicit funds.
 The tool focuses on analyzing 19 specific mule account behaviors, addressing shortcomings of traditional detection
systems like high false positives and slow processing.
 Successfully piloted in two public sector banks, [Link] demonstrated improved detection accuracy.
 RBI’s initiative aligns with broader cybersecurity efforts, including a hackathon on “Zero Financial Frauds,” aiming to
strengthen India’s financial ecosystem against digital fraud.
ADB Revises India’s GDP Growth Forecast for FY25 and FY26
 The Asian Development Bank (ADB) revised India’s GDP growth forecast to 6.5% for FY25 (from 7%) and 7% for FY26
(from 7.2%) due to weaker industrial output, muted public spending, and tight monetary policies.
 Q2FY25 GDP growth slowed to 5.4%, a drop from 6.7% in the previous quarter, impacting projections.
 Inflation is forecasted at 4.7% for FY25 and lowered to 4.3% for FY26, driven by declining Brent crude oil prices.
 Growth in agriculture (3.5%) and services (7.1%) sectors provided economic resilience.
 South Asia’s GDP growth projection was also revised to 5.9% for 2024 and 6.3% for 2025, reflecting India’s slowdown.
 Monetary tightening and lagging government capital expenditure further constrained growth, despite positive
indicators like strong urban labor force participation and favorable PMI readings.
Centre Earns ₹8,625 Crore via Disinvestment in FY25
 The Indian government has raised ₹8,625 crore through minority stake sales in public sector enterprises during FY25,
as reported by MoS Finance Pankaj Chaudhary in Lok Sabha.
 No specific disinvestment target has been set for FY25, continuing the policy initiated in FY24.
 Disinvestment methods include minority stake sales and strategic disinvestment, with the latter involving the transfer
of substantial equity and management control.
 Privatization focuses on transferring equity and control to private buyers, while strategic disinvestment may involve
other CPSEs or private investors.
 The policy emphasizes exiting sectors where competitive markets have matured, enabling capital infusion,
technological upgrades, and improved management practices.
 Since 2016, the government has approved strategic disinvestment in 36 cases involving PSEs, subsidiaries, and joint
ventures.
 Profitability is not considered a criterion for privatization or strategic disinvestment decisions.
55th GST Council Meeting: Key Proposals and Reforms
 Chaired by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, the meeting discussed tax reforms impacting sectors like luxury
goods, food delivery, insurance, and aviation.
 Proposed 28% GST on luxury items: wristwatches above ₹25,000, shoes over ₹15,000, and garments above ₹10,000;
affordable items retain lower rates.
 Suggested GST reduction for platforms like Swiggy and Zomato to 5% (from 18%) without ITC, aimed at lowering
delivery costs.
 Exemptions proposed for health and life insurance premiums, especially for senior citizens, to enhance affordability.
 Proposal to include Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) under GST to allow airlines to claim ITC, though states resist due to
revenue concerns.
 Rate hikes proposed: compact vehicles and pre-owned EVs to 18% (from 12%), sin goods like cigarettes and aerated
drinks to 35% with cess.

215
1
IMPORTANT ONE LINERS
NATIONAL
India’s First Bio-Bitumen Stretch Inaugurated on NH-44
 Nitin Gadkari inaugurated India’s first bio-bitumen-based National Highway stretch on NH-44 in Mansar, Nagpur,
Maharashtra. Developed using lignin-based bio-bitumen technology by Praj Industries, in collaboration with CSIR-
CRRI, NHAI, and Oriental.
 Bio-bitumen uses lignin from plant biomass, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 70% compared to fossil-based
bitumen. Aims to reduce India’s 50% import dependency on bitumen while supporting industrial sustainability.
Promotes agricultural waste utilization, converting stubble into bio-bitumen, helping mitigate stubble burning issues.
Kaamya Karthikeyan: Youngest Female to Conquer Seven Summits
 Kaamya Karthikeyan, a 17-year-old from Navy Children School, Mumbai, became the youngest female to conquer the
Seven Summits, scaling the highest peaks on each continent. Completed the feat on December 24, 2024, by summiting
Mount Vinson in Antarctica.
 Peaks climbed: Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Elbrus, Mount Kosciuszko, Mount Aconcagua, Mount Denali, Mount
Everest, and Mount Vinson.
 Began mountaineering at age 7 and became the youngest Indian to scale Mount Everest at age 16.

India’s First Glass Bridge Inaugurated at Kanniyakumari

 Tamil Nadu CM MK Stalin inaugurated India’s first glass bridge in Kanniyakumari on December 30, 2024, alongside
dignitaries Udhayanidhi Stalin and Kanimozhi.
 Connects Vivekananda Rock Memorial and the Thiruvalluvar Statue under a Rs 37-crore project by the Tamil Nadu
government.
 Bridge dimensions: 77 meters long, 10 meters wide, with a bowstring-arch design and a transparent glass surface
offering stunning sea views.
 Built for marine-grade durability, reducing reliance on ferry services and improving tourist accessibility.
 Part of Tamil Nadu’s initiative to boost local tourism and commemorate the silver jubilee of the Thiruvalluvar Statue’s
unveiling.
India’s Metro Rail Network Becomes World’s Third Largest
 India's metro rail network surpassed 1,000 km of operational lines, making it the third-largest globally after China and
the United States.
 Metro services now span 11 states and 23 cities, with the first system launched in Kolkata (1984) and the largest in Delhi
(395 km).
 Recent milestones include:
o Delhi Metro Phase-IV extension (Janakpuri to Krishna Park, 2.8 km).
o Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut RRTS (Namo Bharat corridor, 13 km).
o Kolkata’s underwater metro under the Hooghly River (520 meters).
 Over 998 km of metro projects are under construction, reflecting a commitment to urban transit expansion.
Jammu Becomes Indian Railways’ 69th Division
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Jammu Railway Division on January 6, 2025, making it the 69th
division under the Northern Railway Zone.
 Covers 742.1 route kilometers, including Pathankot-Jammu-Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla, Bhogpur-Sirwal-Pathankot,
Batala-Pathankot, and the narrow-gauge Pathankot-Joginder Nagar line.
 Features iconic projects like the Chenab Rail Bridge (world's highest at 359 meters) and the Anji Khad Bridge (India's
first cable-stayed rail bridge).
 Created by reorganizing the Firozpur Division, it enhances rail connectivity across Jammu, Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh,
Punjab, and Ladakh.
 Boosts regional development, including tourism, employment, and socio-economic progress.
 Final trial runs for New Delhi to Srinagar direct train services scheduled for January 7-8, 2025, aiming for seamless
connectivity from Kashmir to Kanyakumari.

135
Amit Shah to Launch CBI’s BHARATPOL Portal
 Union Home Minister Amit Shah to launch the BHARATPOL portal, developed by the Central Bureau of Investigation
(CBI), on January 7, 2025, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. Designed to provide real-time international police
assistance and streamline communication with INTERPOL for combating transnational crimes. Focuses on areas like
cybercrime, financial crimes, online radicalization, organized crimes, drug trafficking, and human trafficking.
 Portal replaces traditional communication methods, facilitating quicker INTERPOL notices and international cooperation.
 CBI, as India’s National Central Bureau (NCB) for INTERPOL, will oversee operations to connect law enforcement agencies
at central, state, and UT levels. 35 CBI officers to be awarded Police Medals during the event, including the President’s
Police Medal for Distinguished Service and the Union Home Minister’s Medal for Excellence in Investigation.
Aero India 2025: Showcasing India's Aerospace and Defence Leadership
 Aero India 2025 will be held from February 10-14, 2025, at Air Force Station, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, under the theme
“The Runway to a Billion Opportunities.”
 Highlights include:
o Defence Ministers’ Conclave themed “BRIDGE”, focusing on global defence partnerships and strategic cooperation.
o CEOs’ Round-Table, fostering collaborations between global leaders and Indian defence manufacturers.
o Manthan Start-up Event, showcasing indigenous defence technologies and innovation.
o Public days on February 13-14, featuring air displays and static exhibitions of advanced military platforms.
 Aims to strengthen India’s aerospace and defence sector and promote international partnerships.
 Bilateral meetings with defence ministers and officials will explore manufacturing and strategic opportunities.
Centre Launches India’s First Organic Fisheries Cluster in Sikkim
 Union Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Minister Rajiv Ranjan Singh inaugurated India’s first organic fisheries cluster
in Soreng District, Sikkim, on January 7, 2025.
 The cluster promotes sustainable, chemical-free, and antibiotic-free fish farming to cater to global eco-conscious
markets.
 Aligns with Sikkim’s organic farming practices, reinforcing its reputation for sustainability.
 Part of 50 projects under PMMSY, valued at ₹50 crore, aimed at boosting aquaculture across northeastern states
(excluding Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram).
 Focus on ecologically healthy practices, minimizing environmental pollution and protecting aquatic ecosystems.
 Supports the government’s vision to enhance farmers’ incomes and promote sustainable aquaculture.
Prabowo Subianto to Be 2025 Republic Day Chief Guest
 Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto will be the chief guest at India’s 2025 Republic Day parade, marking a
significant step in India-Indonesia relations. Indonesia’s first President Sukarno was India’s first Republic Day guest
in 1950, reflecting historical ties spanning over 2,000 years.
 2023-24 bilateral trade stood at USD 26.69 billion, with India importing coal, crude palm oil, minerals, and exporting
refined petroleum, vehicles, and agriculture products.
 The visit emphasizes maritime cooperation, defense partnerships, and economic engagement, key to India’s Act East
Policy. The Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (2018) and Shared Vision on Maritime Cooperation in Indo-Pacific
form the foundation for enhanced ties. Indonesia is India’s largest trading partner in ASEAN, and the visit underscores
cultural and economic bonds while bolstering strategic cooperation.
PM to Inaugurate Z-Morh Tunnel, Boosting Kashmir-Ladakh Connectivity
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the Z-Morh tunnel on January 13, 2024, enhancing connectivity between
Kashmir and Ladakh. Ensures year-round access to Sonamarg, which was previously inaccessible in winter due to snow
and avalanches.
 Located between Gagangir and Sonamarg in Ganderbal district, the 6.5 km tunnel is built under the Thajiwas Glacier
at a cost of ₹2,680 crore. Features an intelligent traffic management system and bypasses landslide-prone areas for safer
travel.
 Boosts winter tourism in Sonamarg and supports military logistics to Ladakh. Will connect to the upcoming Zojila
Tunnel, set to be Asia’s longest, reducing travel time between Ganderbal and Kargil from 3 hours to 20 minutes.

136
Union Minister Sonowal Unveils National River Traffic and Navigation System (NRT&NS)
 Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal launched the National River Traffic and Navigation System (NRT&NS) on
January 11, 2025, during the Inland Waterways Development Council (IWDC) meeting in Kaziranga, Assam. The system
aims to improve safety and efficiency in inland waterway transport across India.
 Announcements included ₹50,000 crore investments over five years for infrastructure enhancement along national
waterways and ₹1,400 crore in initiatives for 21 inland waterway states. The Riverine Community Development Scheme
was introduced to promote infrastructure, trade, tourism, and skill training for coastal communities.
 Infrastructure plans include developing shipbuilding and repair facilities, reducing logistics costs, and boosting
employment for riparian communities. Cargo movement on national waterways recorded a 7% growth (April-November
2024), and cruise tourism saw significant growth under the Cruise Bharat Mission.
 Regional developments include six floating steel jetties on the Godavari River (NW 4) in Andhra Pradesh and feasibility
studies for additional projects.
India Sets New Record with 30 GW Green Energy Addition in 2024
 India achieved a record renewable energy capacity addition of 30 GW in 2024, a 113% increase from 13.75 GW in
2023, according to the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE). The total cumulative renewable energy capacity
now stands at approximately 218 GW, showcasing India’s accelerating shift toward clean energy. India targets 500 GW
renewable capacity by 2030, requiring an annual addition of 50 GW over the next six years.
 The highest capacity addition for a fiscal year was 18.48 GW in 2023-24, reflecting sustained growth since 2014, when total
capacity was 35.84 GW.
 Minister Pralhad Joshi highlighted this milestone as a testament to India’s commitment to reducing its carbon footprint
and advancing sustainability goals. BHEL and ONGC have partnered to accelerate renewable energy projects, supporting
India’s green energy transition.
APAAR ID: One Nation One Student ID Card Launched
 The Ministry of Education introduced APAAR ID (Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry), a digital student ID
aimed at centralizing academic data such as degrees, credits, and scholarships. Each student receives a unique 12-digit
APAAR number, simplifying record access and ensuring efficient academic data management.
 Administered by the Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) under NEP 2020, APAAR ID integrates academic records in a secure
digital registry, benefiting over two crore students.
 Registration is done via [Link] or DigiLocker by providing Aadhar and mobile details, along with school or university
information. After registration, students can download their APAAR card, which includes a QR code for easy verification.
Rupee Hits Record Low of ₹86 Against U.S. Dollar
 The rupee fell 14 paise to a record low of ₹86.00 against the U.S. dollar on January 10, 2025, pressured by a strong
dollar, foreign fund outflows, and rising crude oil prices.
 Foreign institutional investors (FIIs) offloaded ₹7,170.87 crore in the capital markets on January 9, 2025, contributing
to the rupee’s depreciation.
 Crude oil prices surged 1.96% to $78.43 per barrel, while the dollar index rose 0.01% to 109.01, adding to the pressure.
 The Sensex dropped 241.30 points to 77,378.91, and the Nifty declined 95 points to 23,431.50, marking a three-session
losing streak in domestic markets.
 Analysts predict the rupee may trade in the range of ₹85.80–₹86.15, with possible RBI intervention providing some
support.
 The rise in U.S. bond yields to 4.69% and anticipation of restrictive trade measures under the new U.S. administration
added to the rupee's woes.
PM Modi Commissions INS Surat, INS Nilgiri, and INS Vagsheer
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi commissioned INS Surat, INS Nilgiri, and INS Vagsheer on January 15, 2025, at
Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited in Mumbai, bolstering India's maritime defense. INS Surat: A Visakhapatnam-class
guided missile destroyer (Project 15B) with 75% indigenous content, armed with BrahMos missiles, MRSAM, and
advanced stealth features.
 INS Nilgiri: The lead ship of Project 17A, a stealth frigate featuring BrahMos missiles, MRSAM, and future-ready upgrades
like VL-SRSAM. INS Vagsheer: The sixth Kalvari-class submarine (Project 75), designed for anti-surface and anti-
submarine warfare, long-range strikes, and intelligence missions, with future integration of air-independent propulsion

137
technology. Reflects India’s progress in indigenous defense production, enhancing self-reliance and countering
strategic challenges in the Indian Ocean amid growing Chinese activity.
Cabinet Approves 8th Pay Commission Implementation
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the Union Cabinet approved the formation of the 8th Central Pay Commission (CPC)
on January 16, 2025, to revise salaries, allowances, and pensions for central government employees and pensioners. Union
Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announced that the Chairman and two members will be appointed soon, with
recommendations to be implemented by January 1, 2026.
 The commission will review basic pay, Dearness Allowance (DA), House Rent Allowance (HRA), and pensions,
impacting over one crore employees and pensioners. Proposed adjustments include increasing the minimum basic pay
from ₹18,000 to approximately ₹51,480 and raising the fitment factor from 2.57 to 2.86. Aligns with the 10-year review
cycle; the 7th Pay Commission, constituted in 2014, implemented changes in 2016.
Domestic Migrants Report: EAC-PM
 The Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) released a working paper titled "400 Million
Dreams!":
 Decline in Domestic Migration: The number of domestic migrants decreased by approximately 12%, from 45.58 crore
in 2011 to 40.20 crore in 2023. Consequently, the migration rate dropped from 37.64% to 28.88% during this period.
 Migration Patterns:
o Short-distance migrations (within 500 km) constitute over 75% of migration flows.
o Major urban centers like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, and Kolkata remain primary destinations.
o Significant migration corridors include Uttar Pradesh to Delhi, Gujarat to Maharashtra, Telangana to Andhra Pradesh,
and Bihar to Delhi.
 State-Specific Trends:
o West Bengal, Rajasthan, and Karnataka have seen an increase in the percentage of arriving migrants.
o Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh have experienced a decline in their share of total migrants.
Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2023-24
 The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2023-24, conducted by the Ministry of Statistics and
Programme Implementation (MoSPI), reveals key insights into India's consumption patterns:
 Increase in Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE):
o Rural areas: MPCE rose by approximately 9.2% to ₹4,122.
o Urban areas: MPCE increased by about 8.3% to ₹6,996.
 This growth indicates a significant rise in household spending across both sectors.
 Regional Disparities:
 Highest MPCE:
o Sikkim: Rural – ₹9,377; Urban – ₹13,927
o Chandigarh: Rural – ₹8,857; Urban – ₹13,425
 Lowest MPCE:
o Chhattisgarh: Rural – ₹2,739; Urban – ₹4,927
o Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu: Rural – ₹4,311
o Jammu and Kashmir: Urban – ₹6,327
Chhattisgarh Links Forest Ecosystem to Green GDP
Chhattisgarh has become the first Indian state to integrate its forest ecosystem services into the Green Gross Domestic Product
(Green GDP), highlighting the economic and environmental value of forests.
Key Points:
 Valuation of Ecosystem Services: The state plans to quantify benefits such as carbon sequestration, water conservation,
and biodiversity preservation, incorporating these into its economic assessments.
Economic and Cultural Significance: Forests cover 44% of Chhattisgarh's land, providing resources like tendu leaves, lac,
and medicinal plants, vital to the rural economy. They also hold cultural importance for tribal communities and support eco-
tourism activities.
 Policy Objectives: By linking forest ecosystem services to Green GDP, Chhattisgarh aims to enhance budget planning and
develop policies that balance economic growth with ecological sustainability.
 Implementation Strategy: The initiative involves scientific assessment of ecosystem services, including measuring CO₂
absorption by trees and evaluating the economic impact of water resources provided by forests.

138
Annual Ground Water Quality Report 2024
The Annual Ground Water Quality Report 2024, released by the Union Minister of Jal Shakti, provides a comprehensive
analysis of India's groundwater quality.
 Standardized Monitoring: For the first time, the report implemented a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for
groundwater quality monitoring, ensuring uniformity in data collection, analysis, and interpretation across over 15,200
monitoring locations and 4,982 trend stations.
 Dominant Water Chemistry: Calcium and bicarbonate ions are prevalent in India's groundwater, indicating a calcium-
bicarbonate type water chemistry.
 Contaminant Concerns:
o Nitrate: Approximately 20% of samples exceeded safe nitrate levels, with Rajasthan (49%), Karnataka (48%), and
Tamil Nadu (37%) being the most affected.
o Fluoride and Arsenic: Elevated levels were detected in certain regions, posing health risks.
 Agricultural Suitability: Over 81% of groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation, with 100% of samples from North-
Eastern states rated as "excellent."

INTERNATIONAL
India-Kuwait Elevate Ties to Strategic Partnership
 During PM Modi's visit to Kuwait on December 21-22, 2024, India and Kuwait elevated their relationship to a Strategic
Partnership. PM Modi received Kuwait’s highest civilian award, ‘The Order of Mubarak Al-Kabeer,’ for enhancing
bilateral ties.
 Both nations agreed to form Joint Working Groups on trade, technology, education, and defense, and strengthen people-
to-people ties. Signed an MoU on defense cooperation, including joint military exercises, maritime safety, and
cybersecurity collaboration.
 Kuwait expressed interest in India’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve Program, emphasizing energy ties in oil, gas, and
renewables. Renewed the Cultural Exchange Programme (2025-2029) and Sports Executive Programme (2025-2028)
to bolster cultural and educational links.
Trump Appoints Sriram Krishnan as Senior AI Policy Advisor
 President-elect Donald Trump appointed Sriram Krishnan, an Indian-American entrepreneur and venture capitalist, as
Senior Policy Advisor for Artificial Intelligence (AI) at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. Krishnan
will work with David Sacks, the White House AI & Crypto Czar, to shape AI policies, ensure US leadership in AI, and
collaborate with the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.
 Krishnan’s career includes roles at Microsoft (Windows Azure), Facebook (mobile ad scaling), Snap, Twitter, and
Andreessen Horowitz (a16z), where he led their London office.
 His role will focus on AI innovation, national policy coordination, and addressing global tech challenges. The
appointment has been widely celebrated, especially by the Indian-American community, recognizing his expertise and
influence in blending technology with public policy.
Azerbaijan Airlines Crash in Kazakhstan
 An Azerbaijan Airlines Embraer 190 jet en route from Baku to Grozny crashed near Aktau, Kazakhstan, on December
26, 2024, due to heavy fog. The aircraft was carrying 62 passengers and 5 crew members, with 32 survivors rescued,
though several passengers sustained injuries.
 Flight deviation: The plane was rerouted over the Caspian Sea, significantly altering its planned path before the crash.
Emergency responders acted swiftly to rescue survivors from the wreckage.
 Passenger footage revealed chaotic scenes, including injuries and attempts to exit the aircraft during the emergency.
 The incident underscores the risks of rerouting under adverse weather conditions and highlights the unpredictable nature
of air travel emergencies.
China Approves $137-Billion Mega Dam on Brahmaputra Near Indian Border
 China has approved the construction of the world’s largest hydropower dam on the Yarlung Zangbo (Brahmaputra) in
Tibet, near the Indian border, with an estimated cost of $137 billion. Raises strategic concerns for India and Bangladesh
over water control, potential flooding risks during conflicts, and impacts on downstream riparian states.
 India is constructing a counter-dam in Arunachal Pradesh and relies on a hydrological data-sharing framework under
the 2006 Expert Level Mechanism (ELM).

139
 Located in the seismically active Tibetan Plateau, the project faces risks due to its proximity to tectonic boundaries,
though China claims the dam prioritizes ecological protection and uses advanced engineering techniques. The proposed
25,154-foot vertical drop makes this project larger than the Three Gorges Dam, with significant implications for regional
geopolitics and environmental stability.
US Officially Declares Bald Eagle as National Bird After 250 Years
 President Joe Biden signed a historic law on December 24, 2024, formally designating the bald eagle as the national
bird of the United States, nearly 250 years after its symbolic use began. The bald eagle has appeared on the Great Seal of
the US since 1782, symbolizing strength, courage, and freedom, but was never officially recognized until this legislation.
 Spearheaded by Minnesota lawmakers, the law acknowledges the bird’s significance and its recovery from near
extinction, protected under the National Emblem Act of 1940.
 Once critically endangered, the bald eagle population has rebounded significantly since 2009, reflecting successful
conservation efforts. The designation coincided with President Biden signing 50 other laws, including a federal anti-
hazing law, further highlighting the bird’s unique indigenous status to North America and its enduring legacy as a symbol
of the nation.
South Korea Parliament Impeaches Acting President Han Duck-soo
 South Korea’s parliament impeached Acting President Han Duck-soo on December 27, 2024, deepening the nation’s
political crisis. The impeachment follows President Yoon Suk Yeol’s impeachment on December 14, 2024, after his
imposition of martial law on December 3.
 Han faced criticism for refusing to appoint three Constitutional Court judges, obstructing the impeachment process and
violating constitutional duties.
 The opposition accused Han of avoiding a special investigation into Yoon's martial law decision and failing to uphold the
law. Amid the crisis, South Korea’s economic instability worsened, with the Korean won hitting its lowest level in 16
years. If the impeachment is upheld, Finance Minister Choi Sang-mok will assume the role of acting president under South
Korean law.
China Unveils World's Fastest High-Speed Train Prototype: CR450
 China introduced the CR450, the world's fastest high-speed train prototype, capable of test speeds of 450 km/h and a
commercial operating speed of 400 km/h. The CR450 surpasses the current CR400 Fuxing trains (350 km/h), reducing
travel times, such as the Beijing-Shanghai route from 4.5 hours to just over 3 hours.
 Features include 20% energy efficiency improvement with water-cooled permanent magnet traction systems,
enhanced stability, and noise reduction technologies for passenger comfort.
 The CR450 follows iconic projects like the Shanghai Maglev (430 km/h) and aims to extend networks internationally
through Southeast Asia. Expected to debut commercially in 2025, the CR450 represents a milestone in sustainable,
efficient, and advanced rail travel.
Switzerland Enforces Facial Covering Ban
 Switzerland implemented a ban on facial coverings, including burqas and niqabs, in public spaces starting January 1,
2025. Violators face fines of up to CHF 1,000 ($1,143).
 Exceptions include coverings for security, health, weather reasons, artistic performances, entertainment, or
advertising.
 Aligns Switzerland with other European countries like France and Austria with similar restrictions. Approved through a
referendum in 2021, reflecting public support.
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) Outbreak in China
 China is experiencing a surge in human metapneumovirus (HMPV) cases, with children, the elderly, and
immunocompromised individuals most affected. HMPV, first identified in 2001, causes respiratory infections with
symptoms such as cough, fever, nasal congestion, and in severe cases, bronchitis or pneumonia.
 The virus spreads via respiratory droplets, close contact, and contaminated surfaces, with an incubation period of three
to six days. High-risk groups include young children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems.
 Hospitals in northern China are overwhelmed, particularly with cases in children under 14, prompting preventive
measures like mask-wearing, social distancing, and frequent handwashing.

140
Pakistan Begins Two-Year Term as Non-Permanent UNSC Member
 Pakistan started its two-year term on January 1, 2025, as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council
(UNSC), marking its eighth term. Pakistan secured 182 votes in the UN General Assembly, exceeding the required two-
thirds majority.
 During its term, Pakistan will preside over the UNSC in July 2025 and serve on critical committees like the ISIS and Al
Qaeda Sanctions Committee. Ambassador Munir Akram emphasized Pakistan’s commitment to addressing global
challenges, promoting peace, and resolving disputes, including the Kashmir issue. This tenure coincides with significant
global and regional challenges, including conflicts in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, as well as rising geopolitical
tensions and an arms race.
Mike Johnson Re-Elected as US House Speaker
 Mike Johnson, a Republican from Louisiana, was re-elected as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives on the first
day of the new Congress. His re-election faced opposition from hard-right Republicans, including members of the
Freedom Caucus. President-elect Donald Trump played a crucial role in rallying GOP support, securing Johnson’s victory
amid internal divisions.
 Democrats, led by Hakeem Jeffries, opposed Johnson, questioning his ability to lead effectively given the GOP's narrow
majority and internal discord. The election was time-sensitive due to the January 6 deadline for certifying Trump’s 2024
presidential victory.
 Johnson’s win follows the ousting of former Speaker Kevin McCarthy, reflecting ongoing leadership challenges within the
Republican Party.
Hanoi Declared World’s Most Polluted City
 Hanoi, Vietnam's capital, recorded PM2.5 levels of 266 µg/m³ on January 3, 2025, making it the world’s most polluted
city. Major pollution sources include heavy traffic, industrial emissions, and trash burning, leading to severe air quality
deterioration.
 Health impacts are significant, with increased respiratory issues, particularly among the elderly, and reduced visibility
affecting daily life. The government plans to combat pollution by promoting electric vehicles (EVs), targeting 100%
electric taxis and 50% electric buses by 2030.
World’s Oldest Person, Tomiko Itooka, Dies at 116 Years
 Tomiko Itooka, aged 116, passed away in January 2025, recognized by Guinness World Records as the world’s oldest
person. Born in May 1908, she lived through both World Wars, significant technological advancements, and profound
societal changes.
 Managed her husband’s textile factory office during World War II and lived independently after his death in 1979.
Officially verified as the world’s oldest person in September 2024, following the death of the previous record holder,
Maria Branyas Morera.
 Sister Inah Canabarro Lucas, aged 116, from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is officially recognized as the world’s oldest living
person by LongeviQuest. She assumed the title following the passing of Tomiko Itooka of Japan on December 29, 2024.
Born on June 8, 1908, Sister Lucas is a nun, teacher, and professor, with a remarkable legacy in education and faith.
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau Announces Resignation
 Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada, resigned as leader of the Liberal Party after nearly a decade in power, citing
internal party conflicts and declining public support. Trudeau will remain as caretaker prime minister until the
Liberal Party elects a new leader.
 His resignation comes amid increasing support for opposition leader Pierre Poilievre and the Conservative Party.
Trudeau highlighted his achievements, including COVID-19 response, support for Ukraine, climate policies, and
economic reforms, but expressed regret over failing to implement electoral reform.
 Canada’s parliament will be suspended until March 24 to allow time for the Liberal Party's leadership transition.
Poilievre criticized Trudeau's tenure as a “dark chapter”, emphasizing his agenda of tax cuts, stricter immigration
controls, and stronger national defense.
Wildfires Ravage Los Angeles: A State in Crisis
 Southern California faces catastrophic wildfires in January 2025, with Los Angeles County severely affected. Over
179,000 residents are under mandatory evacuation, and at least 10 deaths have been reported.

141
 Major fires, including the Pacific Palisades and Eaton fires, have collectively destroyed over 10,000 structures, with
insured losses estimated to exceed $8 billion. The Palisades fire has burned 20,000 acres (6% contained), while the Eaton
fire has scorched 14,000 acres (0% contained).
 Santa Ana winds, gusting up to 80 mph, and prolonged drought conditions have intensified the crisis, fueling rapid fire
spread.
 High-profile areas, including celebrity homes, have been devastated, with celebrities like Leighton Meester and Paris
Hilton losing properties. Severe power outages, school closures, and traffic disruptions add to the region's challenges.
Climate change, dry vegetation, and high temperatures contribute to the worsening wildfire crisis.
Hindenburg Research Shuts Down
 Hindenburg Research, founded by Nate Anderson in 2017, has announced its closure, citing Anderson’s personal
priorities as the reason. Renowned for uncovering corporate fraud, the firm impacted companies like Nikola Corp., Adani
Group, and Icahn Enterprises.
 In 2020, Hindenburg alleged fraud at Nikola, leading to a $125 million SEC settlement and the criminal conviction of
founder Trevor Milton. The 2023 Adani Group report accused the conglomerate of corporate fraud, causing a $150
billion market cap loss and significant global attention.
 Allegations against Icahn Enterprises highlighted a “Ponzi-like” structure, resulting in a shareholder lawsuit and
heightened scrutiny.
 Anderson plans to open-source Hindenburg’s investigative methods in the next six months and support employees in
starting their own firms. The firm’s investigations caused major financial and reputational impacts, reshaping
perceptions of corporate accountability.
India and Spain Declare 2026 as ‘Dual Year’ for Culture, Tourism, and AI
 India and Spain will celebrate 2026 as a ‘dual year’ focusing on culture, tourism, and artificial intelligence (AI)
collaboration. Cultural exchanges will include art exhibitions, music and dance performances, literature festivals, and
architectural collaborations.
 Tourism promotions will emphasize reciprocal visits, direct flight connections, and joint marketing campaigns.
 Plans include AI collaboration in healthcare, education, and industry through research, workshops, and AI centers.
Bilateral trade between India and Spain is valued at USD 10 billion, spanning railways, clean technology, drones, and
space exploration.
World Malaria Report 2024
The World Malaria Report 2024, published by the World Health Organization (WHO), presents the following key findings:
 Increase in Malaria Cases: In 2023, there were an estimated 263 million new malaria cases across 83 countries, up
from 252 million in 2022 and 226 million in 2015.
 High Mortality Rates: The disease caused approximately 597,000 deaths in 2023, with African children under five
years old being the most affected demographic.
 Geographical Burden: The African Region continues to bear the heaviest burden, accounting for 94% of global malaria
cases and 95% of malaria-related deaths in 2023.
 Challenges in Malaria Control:
o Drug and Insecticide Resistance: The report notes significant concerns regarding resistance to treatments and
insecticides.
o Impact of Climate Change and Conflicts: Factors such as climate change, conflicts, and inequalities in healthcare
access are hindering progress in malaria control efforts.
 Advancements in Vaccination: The introduction of new malaria vaccines, such as the R21/Matrix-M vaccine, has shown
promise in preventing severe disease and death, with countries like Nigeria beginning to offer vaccinations to young
children.
Henley Passport Index 2025
The Henley Passport Index 2025 provides the following key insights:
 Top-Ranked Passport: Singapore has reclaimed the top position, offering visa-free access to 195 destinations.
 India's Ranking: India's passport is ranked 85th, granting holders visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 57 countries.
 Notable Declines: The United States has dropped to the 9th position, with visa-free access to 186 destinations.
 Bottom Rankings: Afghanistan remains at the lowest rank, with visa-free access to only 26 destinations.

142
APPOINTMENTS AND RESIGNATION
Justice Madan Lokur Appointed Chairperson of UN Internal Justice Council
 Justice Madan B. Lokur, former Supreme Court Judge of India, appointed Chairperson of the UN Internal Justice Council
(IJC). Appointed by UN Secretary-General António Guterres, effective immediately until November 12, 2028. The IJC
advises the UN on its internal justice system, ensuring impartiality and professionalism.
 Other IJC members include Carmen Artigas (Uruguay), Rosalie Balkin (Australia), Stefan Brezina (Austria), and Jay Pozenal
(USA). Justice Lokur is recognized globally for his judicial expertise in social justice, environmental issues, and human rights.
 This appointment highlights India's growing influence in international legal and governance frameworks.
Justice GS Sandhawalia Appointed Chief Justice of Himachal Pradesh High Court
 Justice Gurmeet Singh Sandhawalia appointed as the Chief Justice of Himachal Pradesh High Court, effective from the
date he assumes office.
 Appointment followed a Supreme Court Collegium recommendation, with official notification issued on December 23,
2024, after a three-month delay. Previously served as the senior-most puisne Judge of the Punjab and Haryana High
Court. His Judicial career began on September 30, 2011, with elevation as a permanent judge on January 24, 2014.
President Appoints New Governors for Five States
 Ajay Kumar Bhalla appointed as Manipur Governor, replacing Anusuiya Uikey. A former Union Home Secretary, he
brings expertise in addressing the ongoing ethnic violence in the state.
 Arif Mohammed Khan, former Kerala Governor, transferred to Bihar, succeeding Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar.
Known for his intellectual and administrative acumen.
 Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar, reassigned from Bihar to Kerala, aims to bring stability and balance to governance.
 Hari Babu Kambhampati, transferred to Odisha, replacing Raghubar Das, whose resignation was accepted.
 General (Dr.) V.K. Singh, a retired Army officer and former Union Minister, appointed as Mizoram Governor, bringing
strategic leadership to the region.
Faiz Ahmed Kidwai Appointed as DGCA Director General
 Faiz Ahmed Kidwai, a 1996-batch IAS officer from the Madhya Pradesh cadre, appointed as the Director-General (DG)
of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA).
 His appointment fills the position vacated by Vikram Dev Dutt, who was promoted to Secretary and transferred to the
Ministry of Coal.
 Previously, Kidwai served as Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare.
 Key challenges include addressing disputes over new pilot duty and rest norms introduced in January 2024, which
increased weekly rest for pilots to 48 hours and curtailed night flying hours.
V. Narayanan Takes Over as ISRO Chief and Space Secretary
 Dr. V. Narayanan, a seasoned scientist with nearly 40 years of experience in rocket and spacecraft propulsion,
appointed as the Secretary of the Department of Space and Chairman of ISRO, effective January 14, 2025. He succeeds
S. Somanath, with a tenure of 2 years or until further orders.
 Dr. Narayanan has been the Director of the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) and played a key role in ISRO
missions, including the development of GSLV Mk III and Chandrayaan-3 propulsion systems.
 Academic qualifications include an MTech in Cryogenic Engineering and a PhD in Aerospace Engineering from IIT
Kharagpur.
 Recognized with awards like the ASI Gold Medal, ISRO Outstanding Achievement Award, and Team Excellence Award.
Key contributions include leading the Cryogenic Propulsion for GSLV Mk III and the Chandrayaan missions, and heading
the Human Rated Certification Board (HRCB) for the Gaganyaan mission.
Justice Arun Mishra Appointed as Ombudsman of BCCI
 Justice Arun Mishra, former Supreme Court judge, appointed as Ombudsman and Ethics Officer of the BCCI to oversee
ethical practices and resolve disputes in Indian cricket.
 Mishra's career includes significant achievements: elected as the youngest Chairman of the Bar Council of India, and
served as Chief Justice of Rajasthan and Calcutta High Courts.
 BCCI appointments also include Devajit Saikia as Secretary, replacing Jay Shah (now ICC Chairman), and Prabhtej Singh
Bhatia as Treasurer.

143
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Project VISTAAR: Transforming Indian Agriculture Digitally
 IIT Madras and the Ministry of Agriculture launched Project VISTAAR to modernize India's agricultural extension
system. VISTAAR (Virtually Integrated System to Access Agricultural Resources) aims to provide digital crop advisory,
improve supply chain management, and share updates on government schemes with farmers. Leverages a database of
over 12,000 agri-focused start-ups, developed by YNOS Venture Engine at IIT Madras, to address agricultural challenges
and promote innovative solutions.
 Farmers gain real-time access to information on best practices, weather forecasts, pest control, and sustainable
techniques, enhancing decision-making and productivity. Focuses on capacity building and training farmers for long-term
sustainability and scalability of digital agricultural services.
Nadi Tarangini: India’s First Ayurvedic Diagnostic Device Approved by CDSCO
 Nadi Tarangini, an AI-powered pulse diagnostic device developed by Atreya Innovations, became the first Ayurvedic
medical device to receive CDSCO approval on January 6, 2025. Combines modern technology with Ayurvedic
practices, using piezoelectric pressure sensors to analyze 22 parameters, including Tridosha balance, stress, and
digestive health.
 Produces a 10-page health report in 10 Indian languages, with an accuracy of 85%. Developed after six years of
research by Prof. J.B. Joshi and Dr. Aniruddha Joshi, receiving ₹5 crore in seed funding and a production capacity of
5,000 devices per year.
 Recognized with patents in the US, Europe, Indonesia, and India, and highlighted by PM Narendra Modi in Mann Ki Baat.
Priced at ₹55,000, the device is used in 1250 Ayurvedic clinics, having tested over 5 lakh individuals, paving the way for
standardizing Ayurveda globally.
4IUCN Lists Western Ghats as Key Freshwater Biodiversity Hotspot
 The Western Ghats has been identified as a critical global hotspot for threatened freshwater species in the IUCN's first-
ever multi-taxon global freshwater fauna assessment. One-quarter of global freshwater species are at high risk of
extinction, with the Western Ghats housing over 300 freshwater fish species, one-third of which are threatened.
 The study highlights pollution, dam construction, water extraction, invasive species, and agriculture as the primary
threats to biodiversity.
 The Humpbacked Mahseer, a critically endangered fish, is one of the species at risk in this region. Kerala, with the highest
number of threatened freshwater fishes in India, is home to the Periyar River, a key conservation priority.
New Launchpad of ISRO Coming Up at Sriharikota
 The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the construction of a third launchpad at ISRO’s
Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, with a budget of ₹3,985 crore. The project, to be completed in 4 years, aims
to support Next Generation Launch Vehicles (NGLVs) and enhance India’s space transportation capabilities.
 The launchpad will handle payloads up to 30,000 tonnes to low Earth orbit (LEO), significantly increasing capacity from
the current limit of 8,000 tonnes. It will also support human spaceflight missions and future space exploration plans like
the Indian crewed lunar landing by 2040.
 Strategic significance: Boosts India's space standing globally, enabling more frequent launches for national, commercial,
and human spaceflight missions.
First Black-eyed Pea Sprouts in Space by ISRO
 ISRO successfully germinated black-eyed pea (lobia) seeds in space using its Compact Research Module for Orbital
Plant Studies (CROPS), marking a major milestone in space agriculture.
 This achievement demonstrates the potential for growing sustainable food sources on long-duration space missions,
crucial for astronaut nutrition and psychological well-being.
 The CROPS-1 mission simulated Earth-like conditions, using soil-like media, and achieved successful germination within
4 days, with initial growth observed by the 5th day.
 Key challenges addressed included microgravity, radiation, temperature fluctuations, and limited light.

144
SPORTS WORLD
Richa Ghosh Smashes Record-Breaking Fifty in Women’s T20Is
 Richa Ghosh, India’s wicketkeeper-batter, set a new record by scoring the joint-fastest fifty in women’s T20Is in just 18
balls during the third T20I against West Indies Women at the DY Patil Stadium. She equaled the record held by Sophie
Devine (New Zealand) and Phoebe Litchfield (Australia).
 Richa surpassed Smriti Mandhana's previous record for the fastest fifty by an Indian in T20Is (24 balls, 2019).
 Her blistering innings featured 3 boundaries and 5 sixes, contributing significantly to India's highest-ever total in
women’s T20Is—217/4. Richa’s performance highlights the growing dominance of Indian women’s cricket, showcasing
the rise of young talent and the increasing power-hitting capabilities in the women’s game.
Delhi to Host 2025 Para Athletics World Championships
 India will host the 2025 Para Athletics World Championships for the first time, from September 26 to October 5, 2025,
at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, New Delhi. The 12th edition of the championships marks the largest international
Para sports event ever hosted in India.
 Over 1,000 athletes from 100+ countries are expected to compete, with the event serving as a qualifier for the 2028 Los
Angeles Paralympic Games.
 India showcased progress in Para athletics with 17 medals, including 6 golds, at the 2023 Kobe Championships. The
event aims to promote inclusivity, empower persons with disabilities, and strengthen India’s role in Para sports. Seen
as part of India’s strategy for future global events, including the 2029 World Athletics Championships and a potential bid
for the 2036 Olympics.
India to Host ISSF Junior World Cup 2025
 India will host the ISSF Junior World Cup 2025 in Rifle, Pistol, and Shotgun events, marking the first time this
prestigious competition will be held in the country. This announcement solidifies India’s reputation as a global hub for
shooting sports, with nine ISSF events hosted over the past decade.
 The National Rifle Association of India (NRAI) credited the Government of India and the Ministry of Sports for their
support in securing this event. India previously hosted the Senior ISSF World Cup in Bhopal (2023) and the ISSF World
Cup Final (2024). The event will showcase young shooting talents globally, strengthen India’s infrastructure, and boost
the domestic promotion of shooting sports.
India Clinches Women’s U19 T20 Asia Cup Title
 India won the inaugural U19 Women’s T20 Asia Cup by defeating Bangladesh by 41 runs in the final at Bayuemas Oval,
Kuala Lumpur, on December 22, 2024.
 India’s innings: Scored 117/7 in 20 overs, powered by Gongadi Trisha’s 52 off 47 balls with 5 fours and 2 sixes, and
Mithila Vinod’s 17 off 12 balls.
 Bangladesh’s chase: Bowled out for 76; Juairiya Ferdous top-scored with 22 runs, and Fahmida Choya added 18 runs.
 Indian bowling:
o Aayushi Shukla: Tournament’s top wicket-taker, claimed 3/17.
o Sonam Yadav and Parunika Sisodia: Took 2 wickets each.
o VJ Joshitha: Struck early by dismissing Eva for a duck.
 Bangladesh lost their last 7 wickets for 21 runs in 40 balls.
 Key performers:
o India: Gongadi Trisha (52 runs), Aayushi Shukla (3 wickets).
o Bangladesh: Farjana Easmin (4/31), Juairiya Ferdous (22 runs).
Lakshya Sen Secures Third Place at King Cup
 Lakshya Sen, India’s badminton star, secured third place at the inaugural King Cup International Badminton Open in
Bangkok, Thailand. Defeated Alex Lanier (France) with a scoreline of 21-17, 21-11, showcasing dominance in the second
game. Narrowly lost to Hu Zhe’an (China), the reigning World Junior Champion, in straight games 19-21, 19-21.
 Took an early lead in the bronze-medal match, maintaining control despite a brief comeback by Lanier. Prize money:
Approximately ₹36 lakh. Lakshya’s performance reinforced his status as one of India’s top shuttlers, demonstrating
consistency and resilience on the international stage.

145
Bumrah Breaks Record for Fastest 200 Wickets by an Indian
 Jasprit Bumrah became the fastest Indian bowler to reach 200 Test wickets, achieving the milestone in just 44 Tests
during the Boxing Day Test of the Border-Gavaskar Trophy at the MCG, Melbourne. Bumrah surpassed Mohammed
Shami, who reached the mark in 9896 balls, by achieving it in just 8484 balls.
 Bumrah is the fourth-fastest overall to 200 wickets in terms of deliveries bowled, trailing only Waqar Younis, Dale Steyn,
and Kagiso Rabada. Bumrah reached the milestone with a remarkable average of 19.56, the best in the 200-wicket club.
 He remains a leading pacer in the competition with 151 wickets. His stellar performance, including four wickets in the
first innings, underlines his dominance in Test cricket and solidifies his place among cricket’s elite bowlers.
Magnus Carlsen, Nepomniachtchi Share Blitz Title: Controversy Ensues
 Magnus Carlsen and Ian Nepomniachtchi shared the World Blitz Championship title at the FIDE Rapid and Blitz
Championship in New York, sparking significant controversy.
 The decision came after a tied final match, with both players drawing three tiebreak games. Carlsen proposed sharing the
title, which Nepomniachtchi agreed to.
 A leaked video showed Carlsen suggesting, "If FIDE refuse, we can just play short draws until they give up," raising
accusations of match-fixing and manipulation.
Inaugural Kho Kho World Cup 2025: Trophies and Mascots Unveiled
 The Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI) unveiled trophies and mascots for the inaugural Kho Kho World Cup 2025,
scheduled from January 13-19 at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, New Delhi. The event will feature men’s and
women’s teams from 24 countries across six continents, showcasing Kho Kho on the global stage. The men’s trophy
(blue) represents trust and determination, while the women’s trophy (green) symbolizes growth and vitality. Both
feature contemporary designs with intricate detailing.
 Tejas and Tara, the mascots, are gazelles symbolizing brilliance, energy, guidance, and aspiration, adorned with traditional
Indian motifs. The event will be broadcast free on Disney+ Hotstar and DD Sports, promoting the sport worldwide.
Lionel Messi Honoured with the US Presidential Medal of Freedom
 Lionel Messi, captain of the Argentina men’s football team, received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest
civilian honour in the United States, becoming the first male footballer to achieve this distinction. Messi, currently
playing for Inter Miami CF, was recognized for his outstanding contributions to football and his global influence on
sports and culture.
 The award was presented by President Joe Biden at the White House alongside 18 other distinguished individuals,
including Hillary Clinton, Denzel Washington, and Magic Johnson. The US Presidential Medal of Freedom, established
in 1945, honours individuals for contributions to the national interest, world peace, and cultural or public endeavors.
 Messi’s career includes 8 Ballon d’Or awards, a 2022 FIFA World Cup victory, and numerous accolades, cementing his
legacy as one of the greatest footballers in history.
Anju Bobby George Named Chairperson of AFI’s Athletes Commission
 Anju Bobby George, a legendary long-jumper and 2003 World Championships bronze medalist, has been appointed as
the Chairperson of the Athletics Federation of India (AFI) Athletes Commission.
 The commission includes nine athletes, with six women, emphasizing gender parity. Notable members include Neeraj
Chopra, a two-time Olympic medalist, Jyotirmoyee Sikdar, Krishna Poonia, and Sudha Singh.
 Neeraj Chopra, despite his active athletic career, accepted the nomination alongside Avinash Sable and Bahadur Singh
Sagoo, the newly elected AFI president.
 The commission was formed through elections held in October 2024, with additional members nominated by the AFI
Executive Council.
 Adille Sumariwalla, the outgoing AFI president, continues as an ex-officio member and chairs committees on government
liaison and ethics.
Smriti Mandhana Smashes India’s Fastest Women’s ODI Century
 Smriti Mandhana scored the fastest century by an Indian in women’s ODIs, reaching 100 runs off 70 balls, surpassing
Harmanpreet Kaur’s 87-ball record. She became the first Indian woman to score 10 ODI centuries, tying for third on
the all-time list with Tammy Beaumont.
 Mandhana smashed 7 sixes and 12 fours, equaling Harmanpreet’s record for most sixes in a Women’s ODI innings. She
formed a 233-run opening partnership with Pratika Rawal, the third-highest for India in Women’s ODIs. This

146
performance occurred during the 3rd ODI against Ireland Women at the Niranjan Shah Stadium, Rajkot, where
Mandhana captained the team in Harmanpreet Kaur’s absence.
Djokovic Breaks Federer’s Record for Grand Slam Match Count
 Novak Djokovic set a new record on January 17, 2025, by playing his 430th Grand Slam match, surpassing Roger
Federer’s 429 matches. The milestone was achieved during Djokovic’s second-round victory at the Australian Open
against Jaime Faria, with a score of 6-1, 6-7 (4), 6-3, 6-2.
 Djokovic’s career Grand Slam record now stands at 379 wins and 51 losses (.881 winning percentage), compared to
Federer’s 369-60 (.860 winning percentage). Djokovic holds the record for most Grand Slam singles titles (24) and has
played in 37 Grand Slam finals, six more than Federer.
Karnataka Clinch Vijay Hazare Trophy For Record 5th Time
 Karnataka won the Vijay Hazare Trophy 2024-25, defeating Vidarbha by 36 runs in the final on January 19, 2025, at
the Kotambi Stadium, Vadodara. Karnataka posted a challenging total of 348/6 in 50 overs, led by Ravichandran Smaran
(101 off 92 balls), Krishnan Srijith (78 off 74 balls), and Abhinav Manohar (79 off 42 balls).
 Vidarbha fought valiantly but were bowled out for 312 in 48.2 overs, with key contributions from Dhruv Shorey (100 runs)
and Harsh Dubey (63 off 30 balls). This victory marks Karnataka's fifth Vijay Hazare Trophy title, following wins in 2013-
14, 2014-15, 2017-18, and 2019-20, solidifying their legacy in domestic cricket.

BOOKS & AUTHORS

A Book Titled ‘BRING IT ON: The Incredible Story of My Life’ by Dr. Deepa Malik
 HarperCollins India has announced the publication of ‘BRING IT ON: The Incredible Story of My Life,’ a memoir by Dr.
Deepa Malik, India’s first female Paralympic medalist.
 Deepa Malik won a silver medal in shot put at the 2016 Rio Paralympics, earning 23 international medals in her
illustrious career.
 She has been honored with awards such as the Padma Shri, Khel Ratna Award, and Arjuna Award for her contributions
to sports.
 The book chronicles her journey of overcoming spinal tumors, societal barriers, and the stigma associated with disabilities,
redefining challenges as opportunities for growth.
Pankaj Mishra’s The World After Gaza: A Reflection on Global Morality
 Pankaj Mishra’s latest book, The World After Gaza, examines the ongoing conflict in the Palestinian Gaza Strip, highlighting
its devastating impact on human rights and global morality.
 Published by Juggernaut Books, it reflects on the atrocities and injustices of the war, presenting a stark critique of
modern political and moral failures.
 Mishra documents the crisis, emphasizing its historical context and the dangers of rising division, hostility, and
resentment.
 He critiques the instrumentalization of Holocaust memory, arguing that invoking fear to justify expansionist policies
degrades the memory of Holocaust victims.
 The book warns of a troubling future shaped by rising extremism, moral decline, and political instability, urging readers
to prepare for challenging times.

IMPORTANT DAYS
First-Ever World Meditation Day Celebrated on December 21, 2024
 United Nations declared December 21 as World Meditation Day through a resolution on November 29, 2024. Theme:
“Meditation for Global Peace and Harmony.”
 India hosted a special event at UN Headquarters, New York, with Sri Sri Ravi Shankar leading a live global meditation
session. The day highlights meditation’s role in fostering mental well-being, unity, and addressing global challenges.
Meditation, rooted in India’s heritage, has evolved into a universal practice promoting emotional and physical resilience.
National Mathematics Day 2024: Honoring Srinivasa Ramanujan
 Celebrated annually on December 22, marking the birth anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan. Established in 2012 by
former Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh to honor Ramanujan’s contributions.

147
 Ramanujan, born in Erode, Tamil Nadu (1887), revolutionized mathematics with discoveries in infinite series, number
theory, and continued fractions. Collaborated with G.H. Hardy at Cambridge University, becoming the second Indian
elected to the Royal Society (1918).
 Known for 1729, the Hardy-Ramanujan Number, the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different
ways. Passed away at 32 years old (1920), leaving a legacy that inspires mathematicians worldwide. Mathematics is
celebrated for its role in science, engineering, and daily problem-solving, exemplifying Ramanujan’s impact. The Man
Who Knew Infinity, a book and film, showcases Ramanujan’s life and work.
National Farmers Day 2024
 Celebrated annually on December 23, marking the birth anniversary of Chaudhary Charan Singh, India's fifth Prime
Minister. Recognizes the vital contribution of farmers to India’s agrarian economy and food security.
 Theme for 2024: "Empowering ‘Annadatas’ for a Prosperous Nation", focusing on farmers' welfare and sustainable
agriculture. Commemorates Chaudhary Charan Singh’s advocacy for land reforms, farmer welfare policies, and rural
development. Highlights key issues like fair crop pricing, climate change adaptation, modern technology access, and
sustainable farming.
Celebrating Good Governance Day - Honoring Atal Bihari Vajpayee's Legacy
 Observed annually on December 25, marking the birth anniversary of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, India’s former Prime Minister.
Established in 2014 by the Narendra Modi-led government to emphasize accountability in governance. Vajpayee's
contributions include telecom reforms, the Golden Quadrilateral project, and successful Pokhran nuclear tests (1998).
Known for his humility, Vajpayee served as Prime Minister for three terms and delivered the first Hindi speech at the UN
General Assembly.
 India promotes good governance through initiatives like the District Good Governance Index, National e-Governance
Plan, and the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005. Challenges to governance include corruption, gender inequality,
judicial delays, and centralized administration.
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas 2025
 Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) is observed annually on January 9 to honor the contributions of the Indian diaspora to
India's development.
 The 18th PBD Convention was held from January 8–10, 2025, in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, under the theme "Diaspora’s
Contribution to a Viksit Bharat" (Developed India).
 Initiated in 2003, PBD strengthens India’s ties with its overseas citizens and promotes diaspora engagement in national
growth.
 Events included Youth Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, plenary sessions on leadership, sustainability, and women’s
contributions, and the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awards to honor distinguished diaspora members.
World Hindi Day 2025: Promoting the Global Significance of Hindi
 World Hindi Day (Vishwa Hindi Diwas) is celebrated annually on January 10 to promote Hindi as a global language.
 The 2025 theme, "A Global Voice of Unity and Cultural Pride", emphasizes Hindi's role in uniting cultures and fostering
international exchange.
 Initiated in 1949, Hindi was adopted as India’s official language in the Devanagari script, reflecting its widespread use
and cultural significance.
 Globally, Hindi ranks as the fourth most spoken language, with 4.46% of the world’s population using it.
National Youth Day 2025
 National Youth Day (Rashtriya Yuva Diwas) is observed annually on January 12 to commemorate Swami
Vivekananda’s birth anniversary.
 Instituted by the Government of India in 1984, the first celebration took place on January 12, 1985.
 The day aims to inspire youth with Swami Vivekananda’s teachings on spiritual growth, national unity, and youth
empowerment.
 Celebrations include parades, seminars, meditation sessions, and cultural programs, held at Ramakrishna Mission
centers, schools, and colleges.
 Activities like essay-writing, quiz competitions, and youth conventions emphasize youth participation in nation-
building.
 Swami Vivekananda, born January 12, 1863, is remembered for introducing Vedanta and Yoga to the West and his iconic
Chicago Speech (1893).

148
77th Indian Army Day 2025
 Indian Army Day, observed annually on January 15, commemorates the transfer of leadership to Indian hands in 1949,
with Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa becoming the first Indian Commander-in-Chief. The 2025 theme, “Samarth Bharat,
Saksham Sena” (Empowered India, Capable Army), highlights the army's role in safeguarding India’s sovereignty and
promoting self-reliance.
 For the first time, the Army Day Parade will be held in Pune, featuring military bands, equipment displays, aerial fly-pasts,
and combat drills. Events include parades, ethnic performances, and exhibitions of cutting-edge weaponry at the
Cariappa Parade Ground in Delhi.
 This day honors the bravery and sacrifices of soldiers and showcases the Indian Army’s contributions to national security,
peacekeeping, and disaster relief.

OBITUARIES
Shyam Benegal, Renowned Filmmaker, Passes Away at 90
 Shyam Benegal, an iconic filmmaker known for socially impactful and realistic cinema, passed away on December 23,
2024, in Mumbai at the age of 90, due to kidney-related ailments. Born on December 14, 1934, in Hyderabad, Benegal
was a pioneer in blending art-house and commercial cinema, addressing issues like class struggles, gender dynamics,
and colonial history.
 Key films include Ankur (1974), Nishant (1975), Manthan (1976), Bhumika (1977), Zubeidaa (2001), and The Making
of the Mahatma (1996). He worked with celebrated actors like Naseeruddin Shah, Shabana Azmi, Smita Patil, and Girish
Karnad. Awards include the Padma Shri (1976), Padma Bhushan (1991), and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award (2005),
Indian cinema’s highest honor.
Jimmy Carter, 39th U.S. President and Nobel Laureate, Passes Away at 100
 Jimmy Carter, the 39th President of the United States, passed away at 100 in Plains, Georgia, on December 30, 2024.
 Born on October 1, 1924, Carter graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy and served in the Navy before managing his
family’s peanut farm.
 Elected in 1976, his presidency was marked by economic challenges, including high inflation and the Iran hostage crisis.
 Achievements include the Camp David Accords (1978), a historic peace agreement between Israel and Egypt.
 The Iran hostage crisis overshadowed his term, with 52 Americans held hostage until 1981, shortly after his presidency
ended.
 Post-presidency, he founded the Carter Center (1982), championing human rights, democracy, and global health.
 Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (2002) for international conflict resolution and humanitarian efforts.
Dr. R. Chidambaram, India’s Nuclear Visionary, Passes Away at 88
 Dr. Rajagopala Chidambaram, a key figure in India’s nuclear program, passed away on January 4, 2025, at Jaslok
Hospital, Mumbai, at the age of 88. Integral to India’s nuclear journey, he contributed to the 1974 ‘Smiling Buddha’ test
and led Operation Shakti (1998), solidifying India as a nuclear power.
 He served as Principal Scientific Advisor (2002–2018), advancing fields like energy security, supercomputing, and
nanotechnology. Initiatives like RuTAG empowered rural communities, while projects like SETS enhanced India’s
cybersecurity and National Knowledge Network (NKN) fostered educational collaboration. Awards include the Padma
Shri (1975) and Padma Bhushan (1999) for his contributions to science and technology.
Legendary Director David Lynch Passes Away at 78
 David Lynch, renowned Hollywood director and writer, passed away at 78 on January 18, 2025, leaving a lasting legacy
in modern cinema.
 Known for his surreal style and exploration of the human psyche, Lynch transformed genres like psychological thrillers
and horror.
 Iconic works include:
o Eraserhead (1977): His debut feature, introducing his unique surrealist approach.
o Blue Velvet (1986): A cult classic.
o Mulholland Drive (2001): A critical masterpiece.
o Twin Peaks (1990): A groundbreaking TV series blending crime, drama, and surrealism.
 Lynch received numerous accolades:

149
o Four Academy Award nominations.
o Palme d’Or (1990) for Wild at Heart.
o Honorary Academy Award (2019) for lifetime achievement.
o Emmy Awards and a Peabody Award for Twin Peaks.

RANKING
India Ranks 49th in Network Readiness Index 2024
 India has climbed 11 places to rank 49th in the 2024 Network Readiness Index (NRI), up from 60th in 2023, with an
improved score of 53.63. Published by the Portulans Institute, the NRI evaluates nations on their ability to leverage
technology for governance and citizen engagement.
 Key advancements include: Progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance global research and citizen services.
Enhanced mobile networks and broadband connectivity, driven by government focus on digital infrastructure.
3 Indians Feature in Forbes’ 2024 Power Women List
 Forbes’ 21st annual list of the World’s 100 Most Powerful Women highlights leaders in business, politics, and
philanthropy.
 Nirmala Sitharaman (Rank 28): India’s Finance Minister, managing a $4 trillion economy projected to become the
third-largest by 2027.
 Roshni Nadar Malhotra (Rank 81): Chairperson of HCL Technologies, overseeing a $12 billion enterprise.
 Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw (Rank 82): Founder of Biocon, leading it to become a biopharmaceutical leader.
 Claudia Sheinbaum, President of Mexico, tops the list, followed by Ursula von der Leyen and Christine Lagarde.
Recap 2024: Most Populated Indian Cities
 India, with a population of over 1.4 billion in 2024, is the world’s most populous country. Delhi is the largest city, with
a population of 33.8 million, ranking second globally.
 Mumbai follows with 21.6 million, making it the 9th most populous city worldwide. Kolkata, at 15.5 million, ranks 18th
globally, while Bangalore’s 14 million places it 23rd.
 Chennai, with 12 million residents, ranks 28th. Hyderabad’s population is 11 million, ranking 34th, while Ahmedabad
and Surat house 8.8 million and 8.3 million people, ranking 45th and 50th, respectively.
 Pune, with 7.3 million residents, ranks 58th, and Jaipur, with 4.3 million, ranks 112th. India’s urbanization continues
to accelerate, with major cities emerging as economic and cultural hubs.
 Declining fertility rates and projected population stabilization by 2050 highlight India’s demographic shift. The rise
of these densely populated cities reflects the nation’s growth and its challenges in sustainable urban development.
Recap 2024: Top 10 Richest Cities in India
 In 2024, India experienced significant growth in the number of billionaires, with 94 new billionaires, bringing the total to
approximately US$ 1 trillion in wealth.
 This surge has positioned India as one of the fastest-growing billionaire hubs globally. Mumbai, the financial capital of India,
leads with 386 billionaires, surpassing Beijing and becoming the "billionaire capital of Asia."
 New Delhi, with 217 billionaires, ranks second, benefiting from its political significance and thriving sectors like
technology and finance. Hyderabad ranks third with 104 billionaires, driven by its booming technology and
pharmaceutical industries.
 Bengaluru holds fourth place, with 100 billionaires, known as India’s IT capital. Chennai, with 82 billionaires, ranks fifth,
bolstered by its industrial and manufacturing sectors.
 Kolkata ranks sixth with 69 billionaires, known for its heritage and commerce. Ahmedabad follows with 67 billionaires,
thriving in textiles and pharmaceuticals.
 Pune, with 53 billionaires, benefits from its growing IT and educational sectors. Surat, the diamond capital, ranks ninth
with 28 billionaires, and Gurugram rounds out the top 10 with 23 billionaires, emerging as a hub for finance, IT, and real
estate.
India Ranked Second for Cyberattacks in 2024
 In 2024, India became the second most targeted nation globally for cyberattacks, with 95 entities affected by data theft,
following the United States, which had 140 attacks.

150
 The finance and banking sectors were the hardest hit, with 20 victims. Other sectors impacted include government,
telecommunications, healthcare, and education.
 Major data breaches included the leak of 850 million records of Indian citizen data from Hi-Tek Group, customer data
from Star Health and Allied Insurance, and 2TB of data from Telecommunications Consultants India.
 The report also identified 108 ransomware incidents in India, with Lockbit being the most active group, responsible for
over 20 incidents.
 This surge in cyberattacks highlights the critical need for enhanced cybersecurity measures to safeguard sensitive data
and ensure public trust as India continues its rapid digital transformation.

ECONOMY
GDP to Grow at 6.6% in FY25: RBI
 The RBI projects India’s GDP growth at 6.6% for FY25, driven by a revival in rural consumption, increased government
spending, and strong services exports. NPAs hit a 12-year low of 2.6%, with net NPAs at 0.6%, indicating improved
asset quality in banks.
 Inflation may ease due to a strong kharif harvest, but risks from extreme weather and geopolitical tensions remain.
Risks include moderation in urban demand, global uncertainties, and protective trade policies.
 India’s financial system remains stable, with capital buffers in banks at 14%, exceeding regulatory minimums.
RBI Reports 98.12% of ₹2,000 Notes Returned
 As of December 31, 2024, 98.12% of ₹2,000 denomination banknotes have been returned to the banking system, leaving
₹6,691 crore still with the public. The ₹2,000 notes were withdrawn from circulation in May 2023, when ₹3.56 lakh crore
was in circulation.
 Public could exchange or deposit these notes at all bank branches until October 7, 2023, after which deposits were only
allowed at 19 RBI issue offices. India Post facilitated the transfer of ₹2,000 notes to RBI offices for deposit into accounts.
The RBI continues to accept ₹2,000 notes at its issue offices across various cities, including Mumbai, Delhi, and Chennai.
Government Forms Committee to Update WPI Base Year
 The Government of India has formed an 18-member committee, chaired by Professor Ramesh Chand, to revise the base
year of the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) from 2011-12 to 2022-23. The committee aims to enhance the accuracy of
inflation measurement by considering recent economic changes, including the expansion of the service sector. The
committee will focus on commodity selection, price collection methodology, and developing a Producer Price Index
(PPI).
 The WPI currently tracks wholesale prices of goods, while the PPI will expand to include both goods and services, providing
a more comprehensive view of inflation at the producer level. The committee is expected to submit its final report within
18 months.
India’s Economic Growth Projections: UN’s “World Economic Situation and Prospects 2025” Report
 The United Nations forecasts India’s economy to grow by 6.6% in 2025 and 6.7% in 2026, driven by strong private
consumption, investment, and infrastructure development. Public sector investment in infrastructure projects,
including digital connectivity and water supply, is expected to drive economic growth.
 The manufacturing and services sectors, along with exports in pharmaceuticals and electronics, will contribute to the
expansion.
 Favorable monsoons in 2024 are expected to boost agricultural output in 2025. South Asia is projected to grow at 5.7%
in 2025, driven by India’s performance. Inflation is expected to decrease to 4.3% in 2025, staying within the Reserve Bank
of India’s target range. Risks include geopolitical tensions, external demand slowdown, debt challenges, and climate
hazards.
India’s Projected Economic Growth: World Bank
 India is projected to grow at 6.7% in both FY26 and FY27, maintaining its position as the fastest-growing major economy.
Growth is driven by strong performances in the services and manufacturing sectors, supported by government reforms
and improved infrastructure.
 The global economy is projected to grow by 2.7% in 2025 and 2026, with South Asia’s GDP expected to rise to 6.2%,
primarily due to India’s robust growth.

151
 Challenges include high debt, weak investment, and climate change costs, requiring domestic reforms to boost private
investment and trade relations. Fiscal deficits in India are expected to continue shrinking, aided by growing tax revenues.
Cabinet Approves ₹11,440 Crore Revival Package for Debt-Ridden RINL
 The Union Cabinet has approved a ₹11,440 crore package to revive Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL), also known
as Vizag Steel. The plan includes ₹10,300 crore as equity capital and converting ₹1,140 crore of working capital loans
into preference shares.
 RINL reported a negative net worth of ₹4,538 crore as of March 2024, with significant financial distress, including loan
defaults.
 The company will begin full production with two blast furnaces in January 2025, aiming to expand to three furnaces by
August 2025 to stabilize the steel market. The revival also includes efforts to secure raw materials, modernize the plant,
and improve operational sustainability.
Trend and Progress of Banking in India 2003-24
The Reserve Bank of India's "Trend and Progress of Banking in India 2023-24" report highlights key developments in the
banking sector:
 Robust Balance Sheets: Indian banks maintained strong financial positions, with continued expansion in loans and
deposits. Gross non-performing assets (NPAs) declined to a 13-year low of 2.5% by September 2024, down from 2.7%
in March 2024. Net NPAs also decreased to 0.57% from 0.62% during the same period.
 Moderation in Loan Growth: Loan growth decelerated for the sixth consecutive month in December 2024, registering a
12.4% year-on-year increase, compared to 15.6% in December 2023. This slowdown is attributed to the Reserve Bank
of India's tighter lending norms, particularly concerning unsecured loans.
 Profitability Under Pressure: Banks faced challenges due to increased provisions for bad loans and a rise in non-
performing assets. For instance, HDFC Bank reported a 17% increase in loan loss provisions and an uptick in its non-
performing assets ratio. Similarly, RBL Bank experienced an 86% drop in quarterly profits due to doubling provisions.

152
1
 The Neurological Society of Pune has urged caution but reassured that GBS is treatable, though severe cases may
require ICU admission and ventilatory support.
NBFC's not under Writ Jurisdiction: SC
 The Supreme Court ruled that private companies, including NBFCs and scheduled banks, are not subject to writ
jurisdiction as they do not perform public functions or duties.
 NBFCs are not classified as "State" under Article 12, and their regulatory oversight does not automatically make them
liable to writ jurisdiction.
 The "Function Test" determines whether an entity is subject to writ jurisdiction based on its public duties or statutory
obligations.
 NBFCs’ responsibilities are limited to their account holders and borrowers, not the general public, making them
ineligible for writ enforcement. A writ can only be issued against private entities if they deny rights concerning a public
duty imposed by law.
 Writs are legal orders issued under Articles 32 (Supreme Court) and 226 (High Courts) to enforce Fundamental Rights.
The Supreme Court can issue writs only for Fundamental Rights violations, while High Courts can issue writs for both
Fundamental and legal rights.
AnSI Proposed inclusion of 179 Communities into SC, ST and OBC
 A three-year ethnographic study by the Anthropological Survey of India (AnSI) and Tribal Research Institutes (TRIs)
has categorized 268 denotified, semi-nomadic, and nomadic tribes for the first time.
 The study, commissioned by a NITI Aayog panel, recommends 179 communities for inclusion in Scheduled Castes (SC),
Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBC) lists across 26 states and union territories.
 The study recommends 46 communities for inclusion in the Other Backward Classes (OBC) list, 29 communities for
the Scheduled Castes (SC) list, and 10 communities for the Scheduled Tribes (ST) list.
 Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of fresh additions, with 19 communities recommended for inclusion, followed
by Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan, each with eight communities.
 63 communities (over 20%) were found "not traceable", likely due to assimilation, migration, or name changes.
 The study was completed in August 2022, but the Social Justice Ministry is awaiting final scrutiny by NITI Aayog before
proceeding further.
One Nation, One Time
 The Indian government has introduced the ‘One Nation, One Time’ initiative to mandate the use of Indian Standard
Time (IST) across all sectors for uniform and precise timekeeping.
 The Legal Metrology (Indian Standard Time) Rules, 2025, drafted by the Department of Consumer Affairs in
collaboration with NPL and ISRO, aim to synchronize communication networks, public services, and critical
infrastructure.
 India will replace reliance on foreign GPS satellites with its indigenous NavIC system for time synchronization,
enhancing self-reliance and cybersecurity.
 Five Legal Metrology laboratories will be established across India to maintain accuracy through atomic clocks located
at NPL (Delhi), Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar, and Guwahati.
Declining Global TFR; Including Data on Indian Population Trends: GBD 2021
 India’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) declined from 6.18 in the 1950s to 1.9 in 2021, falling below the replacement level of
2.1, as per the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021 study.
 The study projects that India’s TFR could further drop to 1.04 by 2100, raising concerns over demographic and socio-
economic impacts.
 Southern states, where fertility rates dropped below replacement levels earlier, are experiencing an ageing population,
shrinking workforce, and growing social security demands.
 Kerala, which achieved replacement-level fertility in 1988, is witnessing youth migration and an increasing elderly
population, leading to greater reliance on migrant labour, projected to reach 60 lakh by 2030.
 Attempts to reverse fertility decline have largely failed globally, as seen in South Korea, where pro-natal policies have
not prevented the TFR from dropping to 0.73 in 2023.

135
Sahitya Akademi Award 2024
 The Sahitya Akademi Awards 2024 announced 22 winners, with Bengali and Urdu awards pending, bringing the total
to 24.
 The awards recognize outstanding literary works in novels, poetry, essays, and plays and are the second-highest
literary honor in India after the Jnanpith Award.
 Established in 1954, the Sahitya Akademi functions as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Culture. Eligibility
criteria include works in 22 languages of the Eighth Schedule, along with English and Rajasthani, totaling 24 languages,
as well as translations of Indian literary works. The author must be an Indian citizen to qualify for the award.
 Other Sahitya Akademi awards include the Bal Sahitya Puraskar for children’s literature and the Yuva Puraskar for
authors under 35.
 The Akademi also runs initiatives like Gramalok to support remote writers and Dalit Chetna to encourage Dalit
literature.
National Mission on Cultural Mapping
 The Ministry of Culture has launched the National Mission on Cultural Mapping (NMCM) to preserve and promote
India's cultural heritage. Implemented by the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA), the mission aims to
document cultural heritage and support rural economic development.
 As part of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, NMCM launched the ‘Mera Gaon Meri Dharohar’ (MGMD) portal in June 2023 to
document the cultural heritage of 6.5 lakh villages.
 Currently, 4.5 lakh villages have been uploaded on the MGMD portal ([Link] with their cultural
portfolios.
 The MGMD portal records diverse cultural elements, including oral traditions, customs, historical significance, art
forms, traditional food, fairs, festivals, and local landmarks.
 The mission aims to complete the database of all 6.5 lakh villages and upload their details onto the MGMD portal.
 Other components include Sanskriti Pratibha Khoj (Cultural Talent Search), National Cultural Workplace, and outreach
initiatives like newsletters, magazines, and publicity campaigns.
Dr. Jitendra Singh to Preside Over 12th All India Pension Adalat
 The 12th All India Pension Adalat will be held on February 13, 2025, under the chairmanship of Dr. Jitendra Singh,
Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances, and Pensions, in New Delhi.
 The event will focus on resolving long-pending pension cases (over 120 days) in 16 Ministries/Departments, including
the Ministry of Home Affairs, Defence, Railways, and CBDT.
 Pension Adalats serve as a single platform where concerned stakeholders, including Ministries, CPAO, and Banks,
collaborate for on-the-spot grievance redressal.
 Since the initiative began in September 2017, 11 Pension Adalats have been conducted, resolving 18,005 cases with a
71% success rate as of December 2024.
 The 12th Pension Adalat will address 180 cases related to different Ministries and ensure timely resolution of pension
grievances, reducing litigation.
President Droupadi Murmu Inaugurates National Tribal Festival ‘Aadi Mahotsav’ in New Delhi
 The National Tribal Festival 2025 (Aadi Mahotsav 2025) is being held from February 16 to 24, 2025, at Major Dhyan
Chand National Stadium, New Delhi, organized by TRIFED under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
 Hon’ble President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu, inaugurated the event, which features 600+ tribal artisans, 500+
performing artists, and 25+ tribal food stalls.
 International participation includes delegations from Sri Lanka and Indonesia, exploring trade opportunities.
 25+ MoUs signed with design institutes, corporate houses, and PSUs. MoU with IFCA for tribal cuisine promotion and
HPMC for value addition to minor forest products like Mahua.
 The Ministry of Tribal Affairs won the Best Tableau Award 2025 for its Republic Day 2025 Tableau, highlighting tribal
heritage, the Jal-Jungle-Jameen theme, and Bhagwan Birsa Munda’s 150th birth anniversary celebrations.
 Aadi Mahotsav 2025 serves as a major platform for tribal artisans, promoting their handicrafts, textiles, pottery,
jewellery, and organic products at national and international levels.

136
India’s First Open-Air Art Wall Museum Marks IMD’s 150-Year Journey
 Dr. Jitendra Singh inaugurated India’s first “Open-Air Art Wall Museum” at Mausam Bhawan, New Delhi, celebrating
150 years of the India Meteorological Department (IMD).
 Developed in collaboration with Delhi Street Art, the initiative transforms IMD’s headquarters walls into a visual
narrative of India’s meteorological history and advancements.
 The art showcase features 38 murals, illustrating IMD’s impact on agriculture, disaster management, and daily life,
along with scientific advancements in weather forecasting, satellites, and radars.
 The murals integrate India’s cultural heritage, depicting references to Kalidasa’s Meghaduta and Tansen’s musical
influence on weather.
 Dr. Jitendra Singh highlighted IMD’s contributions to disaster risk reduction and economic sectors like agriculture,
aviation, and marine industries through accurate weather forecasts.
 Dr. M. Ravichandran, Secretary, Ministry of Earth Sciences, emphasized that art enhances public engagement by
making meteorology more accessible.
 Mayuri Saini, Director of Delhi Street Art, dedicated the project to her late founder, Yogesh Saini, acknowledging his
vision for transforming urban spaces.
Centre Releases 15th Finance Commission Grants for Rural Local Bodies
 The Union Government has released Fifteenth Finance Commission (XV FC) Grants for Rural Local Bodies (RLBs) in
Bihar, Haryana, and Sikkim for the financial year 2024–25.
 Bihar received ₹821.8021 crores as the second installment of Untied Grants, along with ₹47.9339 crores of the
withheld portion of the first installment, covering 38 District Panchayats, 530 Block Panchayats, and 8,052 Gram
Panchayats.
 Haryana received ₹202.4663 crores as the second installment of Untied Grants, along with ₹7.5993 crores of the
withheld portion of the first installment, covering 18 District Panchayats, 142 Block Panchayats, and 6,195 Gram
Panchayats.
 Sikkim received ₹6.2613 crores as the second installment of Untied Grants, covering 4 District Panchayats and 186
Gram Panchayats.
 Untied Grants will be used by Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) for location-specific needs under the 29 subjects listed
in the Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution, excluding salaries and establishment costs.
 Tied Grants are designated for sanitation, Open Defecation Free (ODF) status maintenance, waste management, fecal
sludge management, drinking water supply, rainwater harvesting, and water recycling.
GI Tag for Virgin Coconut Oil of Andaman
 Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) from Nicobar district received a Geographical Indication (GI) tag, enhancing its global
recognition and marketability.
 The initiative aims to economically empower tribal women, enabling them to participate actively in local and global
markets.
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi highlighted this achievement in the 118th episode of "Mann Ki Baat" on January 19,
2025, emphasizing the role of SHGs in positioning Andaman and Nicobar as a global contributor.
 VCO is made using traditional, chemical-free methods, maintaining high quality and purity. The GI tag will boost the
region’s economy, fostering sustainable livelihoods and increasing demand for indigenous products.

Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2024

The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2024, conducted by the NGO Pratham Foundation, provides a
comprehensive overview of the current state of education in rural India. The survey reached 649,491 children across
17,997 villages in 605 rural districts, assessing various aspects of enrollment, foundational literacy and numeracy (FLN),
digital literacy, and school facilities.

137
THIS TABLE SUMMARISES THE ASER REPORT 2024
Category Sub-category Details
Pre-primary Education Enrollment among 3-year-olds rose from 68.1% in 2018 to
(Ages 3-5) Enrollment Trends 77.4% in 2024. Gujarat, Maharashtra, Odisha, and
Telangana achieved near-universal enrollment.
Anganwadi centers remain predominant. 37.5% of 5-year-
Types of Institutions olds attended private schools in 2024, up from 30.8% in
2022.
Proportion of 'underage' children entering Standard I
Age of Entry to Standard I
decreased from 25.6% in 2018 to 16.7% in 2024.
Elementary Education Enrollment rate remained high at 98.1% in 2024, slightly
Overall Enrollment
(Ages 6-14) down from 98.4% in 2022.
Government vs. Private Government school enrollment increased from 65.5% in
Schools 2018 to 66.8% in 2024.
23.4% of Standard III children could read Standard II level
Reading Skills text in 2024 (up from 20.9% in 2018). Standard V reading
levels improved from 38.5% in 2022 to 44.8% in 2024.
Numerical subtraction ability in Standard III increased
Arithmetic Skills from 28.2% in 2018 to 33.7% in 2024. Standard V division
skills rose from 27.9% in 2018 to 30.7% in 2024.
Older Children (Ages 15- Proportion of 15-16-year-olds not enrolled in school
Enrollment
16) decreased from 13.1% in 2018 to 7.9% in 2024.
90% of 14-16-year-olds have a smartphone at home. 80%
Digital Literacy
know how to use it, and 57% use it for education.
School Facilities and Foundational Literacy and Over 80% of schools received directives to implement FLN
Infrastructure Numeracy (FLN) activities, and a similar proportion had at least one trained
Initiatives teacher.
Student attendance in government primary schools
Attendance increased from 72.4% in 2018 to 75.9% in 2024. Teacher
attendance improved from 85.1% to 87.5%.
Usable girls' toilets increased from 66.4% in 2018 to 72%
School Facilities
in 2024. Drinking water access rose from 74.8% to 77.7%.

INTERNATIONAL
China Unveils World’s Longest Tunnel, Enhances BRI Connectivity
 China has completed the Tianshan Shengli Tunnel, the world’s longest expressway tunnel, measuring 22.13 kilometers
in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
 The tunnel is a crucial part of the Urumqi-Yuli Expressway, connecting Urumqi in northern Xinjiang to Yuli County in
the south.
 Once operational, it will reduce travel time across the Tianshan Mountains from three hours to 20 minutes.
 The project began in April 2020, facing challenges like high-altitude conditions (over 3,000 meters), complex
geological formations, and proximity to the Tianshan No. 1 Glacier and water sources.
● The project enhances north-south connectivity within Xinjiang, facilitating economic growth and regional integration.
It aligns with China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), strengthening trade routes and economic ties with neighboring
regions.

Nigeria Joins BRICS as Partner, Aims for Global Collaboration

 Nigeria has been admitted as the ninth BRICS partner country, joining Belarus, Bolivia, Cuba, Kazakhstan, Malaysia,
Thailand, Uganda, and Uzbekistan.
 BRICS was established in 2009 by Brazil, Russia, India, and China, with South Africa joining in 2010 as a counterbalance
to the G7 industrialized nations.

138
 In 2023, the bloc expanded by adding Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the UAE, with Saudi Arabia invited to join.
 Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Malaysia have formally applied for full membership, while other countries have expressed
interest.
 Nigeria, Africa’s largest country by population and a major economy, aligns with BRICS in South-South cooperation
and global governance reforms.

Federal Judge Halts Trump’s Birthright Citizenship Order

 The 9th US Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco upheld a lower court ruling blocking President Donald Trump’s
executive order that sought to end birthright citizenship in the United States.
 Trump’s order, signed on January 20, 2025, after his return as the 74th US President, directed government agencies to
deny automatic citizenship to children born in the US if neither parent was a US citizen or a lawful permanent resident.
 The order faced immediate lawsuits from Democratic-led states and immigrant rights advocates, citing violations of
the 14th Amendment of the US Constitution.
 Judge John Coughenour, a federal judge in Seattle, was the first to rule against Trump’s order, calling it “blatantly
unconstitutional” and issuing a temporary restraining order on January 23, later converting it into a permanent
preliminary injunction.
 The 9th Circuit’s ruling maintains a nationwide block on the policy, rejecting the Trump administration’s argument
that the ruling should be limited to specific states.
 Federal judges in Maryland, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire have also blocked the executive order.
 The US Justice Department is appealing the decisions in Maryland and Massachusetts, increasing the likelihood that
the case may reach the US Supreme Court.
 As of now, the White House and the Justice Department have not issued official statements regarding the 9th Circuit’s
decision.
WEF 2025: Crystal Awards Honor Beckham, Furstenberg, and Yamamoto
 The 55th World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting commenced in Davos, Switzerland, under the theme
“Collaboration for the Intelligent Age”.
 David Beckham (football legend), Diane von Furstenberg (fashion designer), and Riken Yamamoto (architect) received
the Crystal Awards for contributions to social, environmental, and creative progress.
 WEF President and CEO Borge Brende emphasized the forum’s role in addressing geopolitical, geo-economic, and
technological shifts through global collaboration.
 Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw highlighted global interest in Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s economic policies,
with discussions on India’s digital transformation and new digital architecture.
 Former Union Minister Smriti Irani, as Founder and Chairperson of the Alliance for Global Good, is leading discussions
on equity, inclusion, and sustainable development at the We-Lead Lounge.
 Maharashtra CM Devendra Fadnavis and Andhra Pradesh CM N. Chandrababu Naidu are showcasing investment
opportunities to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from global business leaders.

UK Becomes First Country to Criminalize AI-Generated Child Abuse Content

 Britain will be the first country to introduce laws against AI-generated child sexual abuse material, as announced by
the UK government on February 1, 2025.
 The new law will criminalize the possession, creation, or distribution of AI tools used to generate child sexual abuse
images, punishable by up to five years in prison.
 UK Interior Minister Yvette Cooper described the rise of AI-driven child abuse tools as a “disturbing phenomenon”,
exacerbating online child exploitation and grooming.
 The UK government will ban AI models specifically designed for child abuse, urging other countries to follow suit.
 The measures will be introduced in the Crime and Policing Bill during its parliamentary session.
 The Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) reported detecting 3,512 AI-generated child abuse images on a single dark web
site in just 30 days in 2024.
 The number of the most severe category of child abuse images rose by 10% in a year, indicating a growing trend in AI-
assisted exploitation.
 A recent inquiry found that around 500,000 children in the UK experience some form of abuse annually, with online
abuse increasing significantly.

139
First Black Mrs World: Mrs South Africa Makes History
 Tshego Gaelae, a 34-year-old attorney from Soweto, South Africa, has made history as the first Black woman to win
the Mrs World 2025 title.
 She was crowned at the grand finale in Las Vegas, following in the footsteps of Candice Abrahams (2016), the only
other South African to win the title.
 Gaelae’s victory marks a milestone in the pageant’s 40-year history, symbolizing inclusivity and representation in
global pageantry.
 Grand Finale in Las Vegas: She captivated the judges with poise, intelligence, and advocacy work, wearing an elegant
white gown by South African designer Claris by Gerrit Pienaar.
Argentina Cuts Ties with WHO
 Argentina has announced its withdrawal from the World Health Organization (WHO), following a similar move by the
United States under President Donald Trump in January 2025.
 President Javier Milei, a libertarian and vocal Trump supporter, cited “deep differences” with the WHO’s management
of global health issues, particularly its handling of the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Foreign Minister Gerardo Werthein has been instructed to oversee Argentina’s exit from the organization.
 The move aligns with Trump’s past criticism of WHO for mishandling global health crises and imposing “unfairly
onerous” financial obligations on member nations.
 Professor Juan Gabriel Tokatlian of Universidad Torcuato Di Tella stated that Argentina’s relationship with WHO is
governed by law, and a formal withdrawal would require new legislation.
 US withdrawal significantly impacts WHO’s financial stability, as the US was WHO’s largest donor, contributing $950
million in 2024, nearly 15% of WHO’s total budget.
 Argentina’s annual contribution of $8 million is relatively small, but its exit raises concerns that other politically
aligned nations may follow.

India and Nicaragua Forge Partnership for Quick Impact Projects

 India and Nicaragua signed an umbrella agreement to implement Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) in Managua, the capital
of Nicaragua, on February 6, 2025.
 The agreement was signed by Indian Ambassador to Panama, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica, Sumit Seth, and Nicaragua’s
Foreign Minister, Valdrack Jaentschke.
 The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) focuses on key development areas, including physical infrastructure such
as roads and community centers, and social infrastructure, including education, healthcare, and sanitation.
 The Indian Embassy in Panama emphasized the agreement’s significance in enhancing bilateral ties and fostering
global development through targeted partnerships.
 India has maintained warm and cooperative relations with Nicaragua since diplomatic ties were established in March 1983.
 While India’s Embassy in Panama is concurrently accredited to Nicaragua, Nicaragua’s Embassy in Tokyo is
concurrently accredited to India.
India to Ratify Cape Town Convention
 The Union Cabinet has approved a bill to ratify the Cape Town Convention, which will strengthen aircraft leasing
activities in India. The bill, once passed by Parliament, will provide legal backing for the Cape Town Convention,
ensuring enforceability in India’s aviation sector.
 Civil Aviation Secretary Vumlunmang Vualnam confirmed the approval, stating that ratification will support aircraft
leasing, acquisition, and manufacturing in India.
 The Protection and Enforcement of Interests in Aircraft Objects Bill, cleared by the Union Cabinet, aims to implement
provisions of the Cape Town Convention and Cape Town Protocol.
 Under the Cape Town Convention, lessors can reclaim aircraft leased to airlines in case of default, preventing legal
hurdles.
 India signed the Cape Town Convention but has yet to ratify it, leading to past leasing issues, such as during Go First’s
insolvency resolution, when lessors were initially unable to reclaim their aircraft.
 The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) has now ordered Go First’s liquidation, further highlighting the need for
a robust leasing framework.

140
 The Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024, which replaced the 90-year-old Aircraft Act, came into effect on January 1,
2025, facilitating aircraft design, manufacturing, and ease of doing business in India’s aviation sector.
India-Qatar to Double Trade to $28B by 2030
 India and Qatar upgraded ties to a strategic partnership, aiming to double bilateral trade from $14.08 billion to $28
billion in five years.
 Qatar Investment Authority (QIA) has invested $1.5 billion in retail, IT, education, healthcare, with plans to expand in
infrastructure, ports, AI, renewable energy, and startups.
 Key agreements signed, including a revised Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) and MoUs on economic
partnership, archives, youth affairs, and sports.
 India is exploring an FTA with Qatar alongside ongoing GCC trade negotiations.
 600 Indians jailed in Qatar, including eight ex-Navy personnel, with seven returning home. A prisoner transfer
agreement awaits ratification.
Bangladesh Launches ‘Operation Devil Hunt’
 Bangladesh’s interim government, led by Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus, launched "Operation Devil Hunt",
deploying army troops to curb unrest in Gazipur.
 The move follows student protests after an attack on ex-minister AKM Mozammel Haque’s residence, with 70 attacks
reported across 35 districts.
 Sheikh Hasina’s Dhanmondi-32 residence was set on fire, escalating tensions six months after her ouster.
 Protesters demand the trial of Hasina, confiscation of Awami League assets, and cancellation of the party’s registration.
 The BNP warned of a political conspiracy, while Yunus called for law and order restoration and an end to attacks on
Hasina’s family.

Amending CLNDA: India’s Gateway to Nuclear Expansion

 India plans to amend the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damages Act (CLNDA) to unlock stalled nuclear projects with
France’s EDF and US-based Westinghouse.
 The move marks a policy shift from 2015, addressing supplier liability concerns that have stalled deals for six EPR1650
reactors in Maharashtra and six AP1000 reactors in Andhra Pradesh.
 ₹20,000 crore allocated for five Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) as part of India’s 100 GW nuclear energy target by
2047.
 Western firms oppose CLNDA’s liability clause, which contradicts international norms (CSC); India’s ₹1,500 crore
nuclear insurance pool (2019) failed to reassure them.
 Modi’s Feb 10-13 visits to France and the US could finalize long-pending nuclear agreements signed two decades ago.
Who is Tulsi Gabbard, First Hindu to Lead US Intelligence
 Tulsi Gabbard was confirmed as Director of National Intelligence (DNI) in the US, overseeing 17 intelligence agencies,
after being nominated by President Donald Trump in November 2024.
 A former Democratic congresswoman, Gabbard left the party in 2022 and has been vocal on national security issues,
criticizing Biden’s support for Ukraine and pro-Palestine protests.
 She made history as the first Hindu member of the US House of Representatives, taking her oath on the Bhagavad Gita
and later gifting the same copy to PM Modi in 2019.
 She has openly criticized Pakistan for harboring terrorists, condemned the 2019 Pulwama attack, and opposed the US
visa ban on Modi following the 2002 Gujarat riots.
 In 2014, she made a 15-day visit to India at Modi’s invitation, supporting initiatives like International Yoga Day and
maintaining a longstanding bond with the Indian leader.

China to Build First Deepwater ‘Space Station’ in South China Sea

 China plans to establish a deep-sea research station 2,000 meters below the South China Sea, a region rich in methane
hydrates and rare minerals, by 2030.
 The facility, designed for long-term habitation, will host six scientists for month-long missions and feature a life
support system and an integrated surveillance network.
 Research will focus on methane emissions, biodiversity, tectonic activity, and methane hydrates as a future energy
source, with applications in climate research, medicine, and disaster prediction.

141
 Unmanned submersibles, surface ships, and seabed observatories will assist in data collection, while a fiber-optic
network will strengthen China’s marine infrastructure.
 China’s deep-sea push positions it ahead of the US and Russia, with implications for energy security, marine science,
and strategic dominance.
Philippines Set to Acquire $200 Million Akash Missile System from India
 India expects to finalize a $200 million deal to supply Akash short-range missiles to the Philippines this year, following
Manila’s military modernization push amid tensions with China.
 This would be India’s second major defense export to the Philippines, after the $375 million BrahMos missile sale in
2022.
 The Akash missile system (25 km range), developed by India’s DRDO and manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Ltd, was
previously exported to Armenia in a $230 million deal.
 India is ramping up defense exports, which have grown 150% since 2020, surpassing $2.4 billion in 2024, though still
below China, Australia, and South Korea.
 The Philippines seeks more BrahMos missiles and submarines as it strengthens its military amid rising South China
Sea disputes.
“Imagine a world with more women in science” Campaign Launched By UNESCO
 UNESCO launched the campaign on February 15, 2025, marking the 10th anniversary of International Day of Women
and Girls in Science (February 11).
 The initiative, using #EveryVoiceInScience, aims to highlight the impact of diverse perspectives and promote gender
equality in STEMM fields.
 Global Gender Gap in Science: Women comprise only one-third of the global scientific community, and hold just 1 in
10 STEM leadership roles.
 India’s STEMM Representation: Women account for 43% of STEMM enrolment, but only 18.6% of scientists and 25%
of R&D projects are led by women.
 Key Challenges: Social norms, lack of female role models, workplace bias, and gender stereotypes hinder women’s
participation in science.
BRICS Summit in Rio Amid U.S. Tariff Threats
 Brazil will host the 17th BRICS Summit in Rio de Janeiro on July 6-7, 2025, with leaders discussing global governance
reforms and economic cooperation.
 BRICS has expanded to include Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, UAE, and Saudi Arabia, with Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Malaysia
seeking membership.
 U.S. President Donald Trump has warned BRICS nations of 100% tariffs if they establish an alternative currency or
payment system challenging the U.S. dollar.
 BRICS, founded in 2009, has grown beyond economic collaboration, focusing on financial sovereignty and reducing
Western dominance in global trade. The summit could reshape global trade and finance, as BRICS nations seek greater
independence from the dollar amid growing geopolitical tensions.

Oxfam Report on Global Inequality

The Oxfam Report on Global Inequality 2024, titled "Takers Not Makers," offers a comprehensive analysis of the escalating
economic disparities worldwide. Released in January 2025 to coincide with the World Economic Forum in Davos, the
report highlights the widening chasm between the ultra-wealthy and the rest of the global population.
Key Findings:
1. Surge in Billionaire Wealth: In 2024, billionaire wealth increased by $2 trillion, marking a growth rate three times
faster than in 2023. This surge translates to an approximate daily increase of $5.7 billion. The total number of
billionaires rose to 2,769, with their combined wealth reaching $15 trillion.
2. Emergence of Trillionaires: Oxfam projects that, based on current trends, the world is on track to witness the
emergence of at least five trillionaires within the next decade.
3. Stagnation in Poverty Reduction: Despite the burgeoning wealth of billionaires, the number of people living in poverty
has remained virtually unchanged since 1990. Approximately 3.5 billion individuals continue to live in poverty,
underscoring the deepening economic divide.

142
4. Concentration of Wealth: The report reveals that the world's five richest individuals have seen their wealth more than
double since 2020, while 60% of humanity has become poorer during the same period.
5. Factors Driving Inequality:
o Inheritance and Monopolies: A significant portion of billionaire wealth is attributed to inheritance, monopolistic
practices, and cronyism. Monopolistic corporations dominate markets, set prices, and suppress competition,
further enriching their owners.
o Cronyism and Corruption: The ultra-rich often leverage their wealth to influence government policies in their
favor, perpetuating a cycle of inequality.
6. Global Wealth Distribution: The report indicates that the richest 1% of the global population possesses more wealth
than the remaining 95%, highlighting the extreme concentration of wealth.

India and Qatar Elevate Trade Ties

India and Qatar have recently elevated their bilateral relations to a strategic partnership, marking a significant
enhancement in their economic and diplomatic engagements. This development was formalized during the state visit of
Qatar's Emir, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani, to New Delhi on February 17-18, 2025.
Key Outcomes of the Strategic Partnership:
1. Bilateral Trade Enhancement:
o Trade Target: Both nations have set an ambitious goal to double their bilateral trade from the current $14 billion
to $28 billion within the next five years.
o Free Trade Agreement (FTA): Discussions are underway to explore the feasibility of a bilateral Free Trade
Agreement, aiming to further facilitate trade and investment flows.
2. Investment Initiatives:
o Qatar's Investment Commitment: Qatar has pledged to invest $10 billion in India, focusing on sectors such as
infrastructure, technology, manufacturing, food security, logistics, and hospitality.
o Qatar Investment Authority (QIA): As part of this commitment, the QIA plans to establish an office in India,
facilitating smoother investment operations and collaborations.
3. Financial and Digital Collaboration: QNB's Presence in India: QNB aims to expand its footprint in India by establishing
an office in the Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City), promoting financial sector collaboration.
4. Energy Sector Collaboration: LNG Supply Agreements: QatarEnergy has entered into a long-term agreement with
India's Petronet LNG to supply 7.5 million metric tons of liquefied natural gas annually from 2028 to 2048, reinforcing
energy ties.
5. Trade Relations:
o Qatar's Ranking for India: In the fiscal year 2023-2024, Qatar was India's 17th largest trading partner, with
bilateral trade totaling $14.08 billion.
o India's Ranking for Qatar: In 2024, India emerged as Qatar's third-largest trading partner, accounting for 11.57%
of Qatar's total exports, valued at approximately $15.148 billion.

World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting 2025

The World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting 2025 took place in Davos, Switzerland, from January 15 to 19, under
the theme "Collaboration for the Intelligent Age." This 55th gathering convened nearly 3,000 leaders from over 130
countries, including more than 350 heads of state and government, business executives, policymakers, and representatives
from international organizations.
Key Themes and Discussions:
o Leaders addressed the challenges of fostering sustainable economic growth amid geopolitical tensions and
technological advancements. The global public debt, surpassing $100 trillion, was highlighted as a significant concern
impacting future economic strategies.
o The rapid evolution of AI was a central topic, with discussions focusing on its potential benefits and associated risks.
The concept of a "5-year AI shelf life" underscored the swift pace of technological change and the need for adaptive
strategies.
o Environmental risks were emphasized as long-term concerns, with extreme weather events and biodiversity loss
projected to intensify over the next decade. The necessity for global collaboration to implement sustainable solutions
was a recurring theme.

143
Notable Initiatives and Announcements:
 Global Plastic Action Partnership (GPAP): GPAP achieved its goal of establishing 25 national partnerships by 2025,
becoming the largest initiative combating plastic pollution.
 AI Governance: The forum facilitated discussions on establishing frameworks for responsible AI development,
addressing ethical considerations, and mitigating potential risks associated with rapid technological advancements.
 Climate Commitments: Despite varying national policies, business leaders reaffirmed their dedication to climate
initiatives, emphasizing the integration of sustainability into core business strategies.

International Big Cat Alliance become a treaty-based intergovernmental organization

The International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) has officially become a treaty-based intergovernmental organization as of
January 23, 2025.
 Launched by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in April 2023 during the 50th anniversary of Project Tiger, the
IBCA aims to conserve seven major big cat species globally: tigers, lions, leopards, snow leopards, cheetahs, jaguars,
and pumas.
 Membership: To date, 27 countries have consented to join the IBCA, with five nations—India, Nicaragua, Eswatini,
Somalia, and Liberia—formally depositing their instruments of ratification, acceptance, or approval, thereby becoming
founding members.
 Headquarters: The IBCA is headquartered in New Delhi, India, serving as the central hub for global big cat conservation
efforts.
 Objectives: The alliance seeks to facilitate collaboration among member countries, share conservation practices,
provide technical expertise, and strengthen existing conservation platforms to protect big cat species.

APPOINTMENTS
Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya Takes Oath as Chief Justice of Delhi High Court + Justice Alok Aradhe
Appointed as Chief Justice of Bombay High Court
 Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya took oath as the Chief Justice of Delhi High Court on January 21, 2025,
administered by Lieutenant Governor V.K. Saxena at Raj Niwas.
 Previously served as Chief Justice of Bombay High Court, appointed in July 2023, and as a judge in Allahabad High
Court since 2011.
 Justice Alok Aradhe succeeded Justice Upadhyaya as the 48th Chief Justice of Bombay High Court on January 22, 2025.
 Justice Aradhe previously served as Chief Justice of Telangana High Court and held judicial positions in Madhya
Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, and Karnataka High Courts.
 Justice Aradhe has handled key cases, including the 66-year-old Nizam-era property dispute and Telangana political
cases, and played a role in modernizing court operations through live-streaming and hybrid court modes.
 The Bombay High Court currently has 67 judges, with 52 permanent and 15 additional judges, against a sanctioned
strength of 94.
Jitender Pal Singh Appointed as India’s New Ambassador to Israel
 Jitender Pal Singh has been appointed as India’s next ambassador to Israel, succeeding the current envoy at a critical
time amid ongoing Middle East tensions.
 A 2002-batch Indian Foreign Service (IFS) officer, Singh is currently serving as Joint Secretary, overseeing India’s
relations with Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran.
 He has been India’s key point person for engaging with the Taliban since their takeover of Afghanistan in August 2021,
traveling to Afghanistan multiple times for diplomatic talks.
 His role included meetings with senior Taliban leaders such as Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi and Defence
Minister Mullah Yaqoob, laying the groundwork for India-Taliban engagements.
 He previously served as Deputy High Commissioner in Islamabad, Consul General in Istanbul, and was stationed in
Afghanistan after the 2008 terror attack on India’s embassy in Kabul.

144
SPORTS
Gujarat to host 1st Olympic Research Conference
 Gujarat will host the first-ever International Olympic Research Conference from January 27-30, 2025, at Rashtriya
Raksha University (RRU), Gandhinagar.
 The conference will focus on economic models for financing the Olympics in India, discussing sustainable sports
infrastructure to avoid financial burdens.
 Organized in collaboration with the Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, the event aims to support India’s bid
for the 2036 Olympics.
 Indian Olympic Association (IOA) President PT Usha and VP Gagan Narang will participate along with experts in
Olympic studies and sports infrastructure.
 The event will discuss building sustainable sporting venues to avoid financial strain and long-term maintenance costs
post-Olympics.
 The conference will help position India as a strong contender to host the 2036 Olympics, ensuring financial
sustainability and efficient infrastructure planning.
Khelo India Winter Games 2025: A Celebration of Sports and Culture in Ladakh and J&K + Ladakh Tops Khelo India
Winter Games 2025; Army Retains Ice Hockey Title
 Khelo India Winter Games (KIWG) 2025 commenced on January 23, 2025, at NDS Stadium, Leh, Ladakh, with the snow
games scheduled from February 22-25, 2025, in Jammu & Kashmir.
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi lauded Ladakh and J&K for hosting the national-level winter sports event, emphasizing
its role in boosting tourism and sports culture in India.
 Union Minister Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya declared the games open despite adverse weather preventing his arrival at
Leh.
 The event featured ice hockey, skating, and other winter sports, with 594 participants (428 athletes) from various
states, Union Territories, and institutional teams like the Army and ITBP.
 Ladakh emerged as the top performer, securing 7 medals, including 4 golds, while the Indian Army retained its ice
hockey title by defeating ITBP 2-1 in the final.
 Tamil Nadu showcased strong skating performances, winning three gold medals, while Maharashtra secured the most
medals (10) but finished third overall with two golds.
 Ladakh’s women’s ice hockey team claimed the title by defeating ITBP 4-0, avenging last year's loss.
 The second phase of KIWG 2025 will take place in Gulmarg, Jammu & Kashmir, from February 22 to 25.
PM Modi Kicks Off 38th National Games in Dehradun
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 38th National Games in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, reaffirming India's
commitment to hosting the 2036 Olympics.
 The Games will run until February 14, 2025, featuring 10,000 athletes competing across 32 disciplines.
 Events are being held in seven cities of Uttarakhand, with Dehradun as the main venue. 450 gold, silver, and bronze
medals are at stake in the competition. Uttarakhand shuttler Lakshya Sen handed over the Games torch to PM Modi,
who placed it in its designated position.
 Indian Olympic Association President P.T. Usha and Commonwealth Games Federation chief Chris Jenkins attended the
ceremony. 25,000 spectators packed the Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, braving the chilly weather.
 The PM arrived in a decorated golf cart with Uttarakhand CM Pushkar Singh Dhami before declaring the Games open.
Modi had also inaugurated the last two editions of the National Games in Gujarat (2022) and Goa (2023).
Bumrah Crowned ICC Men’s Test Cricketer of the Year
 Jasprit Bumrah won the ICC Men's Test Cricketer of the Year 2024, finishing as the highest wicket-taker in Test cricket
for the year. He took 71 wickets in 26 innings with a bowling average of 14.92 and a strike rate of 30.10.
 Bumrah's performance ranked him among the top 10 pacers with the most Test wickets in a calendar year. He was far
ahead of his closest bowling rival, England's Gus Atkinson, who took 52 wickets in 21 innings.
 Other top wicket-takers in 2024 included Shoaib Bashir (49), Matt Henry (48), and Ravindra Jadeja (48). Bumrah was
nominated alongside Joe Root, Harry Brook, and Travis Head for the award.

145
 He joins the ranks of legendary bowlers like Dennis Lillee (85 wickets in 1981), Alan Donald (80 in 1988), and Joel
Garner (79 in 1984) in terms of dominant performances in a year.
Australia Clinches ICC Women’s Championship Trophy
 Australia won the ICC Women’s Championship Trophy for the third consecutive time. The team secured 39 points from
24 matches, finishing at the top of the standings.
 Alyssa Healy, Australia’s captain, received the trophy in Melbourne from Cricket Australia Chair & ICC Director Mike
Baird.
 The championship, first introduced in 2014, ensures regular bilateral series and structured qualification for the ICC
Women’s Cricket World Cup 2025.
 The 2022-25 cycle featured 10 teams, with India, England, South Africa, Sri Lanka, and New Zealand also qualifying
directly for the Women’s Cricket World Cup 2025.
 Bangladesh, West Indies, Pakistan, and Ireland failed to qualify directly and will compete in the Qualifier tournament
along with Scotland and Thailand. Jay Shah (ICC Chair) praised Australia’s dominance, while Alyssa Healy credited
strategic planning and teamwork for their success.
ICC U19 Women’s T20 World Cup Final, India Lift The World Cup
 India U19 women’s cricket team won the ICC U19 Women’s T20 World Cup 2025, defeating South Africa by 9 wickets
in the final at Bayuemas Oval, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
 This marks India’s second consecutive title in the tournament. Gongadi Trisha was the Player of the Tournament,
finishing as the top run-scorer (309 runs in 7 innings) and taking 9 wickets.
 South Africa batted first but struggled, getting bowled out for 82 in 20 overs. India chased the target comfortably,
scoring 84/1 in 11.2 overs, with Trisha (44) and Sanika Chalke (28)** guiding the team to victory.
 Final Scorecard: South Africa: 82/10 in 20 overs (Mieke van Voorst 23, Trisha 3/15) India: 84/1 in 11.2 overs (Trisha
44, Chalke 28, Kayla Reyneke 1/14**) Result: India won by 9 wickets.
Meghalaya to Host 2027 National Games
 Meghalaya will host the 39th National Games in February/March 2027 as confirmed by Indian Olympic Association
(IOA) President PT Usha.
 The IOA flag will be handed over to Meghalaya during the closing ceremony of the 38th National Games in Haldwani,
Uttarakhand, on Friday.
 Meghalaya Chief Minister Conrad Sangma called it a "huge honour" and will attend the closing ceremony to accept the
IOA flag.
 The 38th National Games in Uttarakhand (January 28 - February 14, 2025) featured 10,000 athletes and officials from
38 teams, across seven cities, with Dehradun as the main venue.
 The National Games have seen a revival, with four editions being staged in five years, following delays in previous
years. Previous National Games were held in Kerala (2015), Gujarat (2022), and Goa (2023).
Shikhar Dhawan Named ICC Champions Trophy 2025 Ambassador
 Shikhar Dhawan has been named Ambassador for the ICC Champions Trophy 2025, scheduled from February 19 to
March 9, 2025, in Pakistan and Dubai.
 Dhawan is India’s highest run-scorer in Champions Trophy history (701 runs) and the only player to win the Golden
Bat twice (2013, 2017).
 Other official ambassadors include Sarfaraz Ahmed (Pakistan’s 2017-winning captain), Shane Watson (Australia), and
Tim Southee (New Zealand).
 The ICC Champions Trophy, introduced in 1998, serves as a key ODI tournament in international cricket. Dhawan’s
legacy in the tournament highlights his consistency, ability to perform under pressure, and crucial role in India’s
success.
Kevin Durant Reaches 30,000 Points – 8th Player in NBA History
 Kevin Durant became the eighth player in NBA history to surpass 30,000 career points. He achieved the milestone with
a free throw in the Phoenix Suns' 119-112 loss to the Memphis Grizzlies.
 Durant reached the landmark in 1,101 career games, making him the joint-third fastest alongside Kareem Abdul-
Jabbar.

146
 Only Wilt Chamberlain (941 games) and Michael Jordan (960 games) reached 30,000 points in fewer games.
 Durant has averaged 27.2 points per game, ranking fourth all-time among players with at least 500 NBA games, behind
Jordan (30.1), Chamberlain (30.1), and Elgin Baylor (27.4).
 Durant has won two NBA championships with the Golden State Warriors, is a four-time scoring champion, and has
averaged at least 20 points per game in each of his 17 seasons.
 Ja Morant presented Durant with the game ball, calling him "one of the greats". Durant has also won four Olympic gold
medals with Team USA.
Cristiano Ronaldo Tops 2025’s Highest-Paid Athletes List
 Cristiano Ronaldo has been ranked as the highest-paid athlete of 2025, earning $285 million. His earnings include
$200 million from Saudi club Al Nassr and $65 million from endorsements and business ventures.
 Jon Rahm ($218M), Lionel Messi ($135M), and LeBron James ($128.7M) are among the top earners.
 The rankings include football, basketball, golf, and American football players. No female athlete made the top 100 list,
with the highest-paid woman, Coco Gauff ($30.4M), failing to meet the $37.5M threshold required for inclusion.
 The total earnings of the top 100 athletes reached $6.2 billion, reflecting a 14% increase from 2024.
 Golf and American football players have made significant inroads into the top earnings bracket.
Saudi Arabia to Host Inaugural Olympic Esports Games 2027
 The International Olympic Committee (IOC) officially launched the Olympic Esports Games in July 2023 to integrate
esports with traditional sports. Saudi Arabia has been selected as the host for the first-ever Olympic Esports Games in
2027.
 The Saudi Olympic and Paralympic Committee (SOPC) is partnering with the IOC to organize the event. The Esports
World Cup Foundation (EWCF) has been named the Founding Partner of the Games.
 A joint committee between IOC and SOPC has been formed, co-chaired by IOC Member Ser Miang Ng and HRH Prince
Abdulaziz bin Turki Al Faisal. The roadmap to the 2027 Olympic Esports Games begins in 2025, with planning and
game selection underway.
Manu Bhaker Wins BBC Indian Sportswoman of the Year 2024
 Manu Bhaker was named the BBC Indian Sportswoman of the Year 2025 for her performance at the Paris Olympics.
She won two bronze medals, becoming the first Indian athlete since Independence to win multiple medals at a single
Olympic Games.
 Her medals came in the 10m air pistol individual event and the 10m air pistol mixed team event. The award nominees
included Aditi Ashok (golf), Avani Lekhara (para shooting), Smriti Mandhana (cricket), and Vinesh Phogat (wrestling).
 The nominees were shortlisted by a jury of sports journalists and writers. The ISWOTY Award, now in its fifth edition,
honors women athletes in India for their achievements.
 Manu Bhaker, 22, previously won BBC’s Emerging Player of the Year award in 2021 and is a recipient of the Arjuna
Award.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

India’s First AI University to Open in Maharashtra
 Maharashtra will establish India’s first Artificial Intelligence (AI) university, focusing on AI research, skill development,
and technological innovation.
 A task force, chaired by the state IT department’s principal secretary, includes experts from IIT Mumbai, IIM Mumbai,
Google India, Mahindra Group, L&T, and government officials.
 Experts from the Rajiv Gandhi Science and Technology Commission and the Data Security Council of India are part of
the project.
 Maharashtra aims to become a global AI hub, contributing to India’s technological advancement and digital
transformation.
ISRO Set To Launch Its 100th Satellite On Jan 29 + GSLV-F15 launched successfully from Sriharikota
 ISRO successfully conducted its 100th launch on January 29, 2025, from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in
Sriharikota, with the GSLV-F15 rocket carrying the NVS-02 satellite.

147
 The NVS-02 satellite, part of the Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) system, was placed in a Geosynchronous
Transfer Orbit and will replace IRNSS-1E.
 This was the 17th flight of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) and the 11th with an Indigenous
Cryogenic stage, showcasing India’s advancements in space technology.
 ISRO Chairman Dr. V. Narayanan called it a significant milestone, crediting past visionaries like Vikram Sarabhai, Satish
Dhawan, and APJ Abdul Kalam for India's space progress.
 Union Minister Jitendra Singh congratulated ISRO, calling the achievement a reflection of India’s commitment to space
exploration and technological excellence.
 The first ISRO launch was on August 10, 1979, with the experimental SLV-3 E10 carrying the Rohini Technology
Payload; since then, ISRO has executed six generations of launch vehicles.
India to Launch First Human Submersible Under Deep Ocean Mission
 India will operate its first human underwater submersible at a depth of 500 meters in 2025 as part of the Deep Ocean
Mission, announced Earth Sciences Minister Jitendra Singh.
 The submersible is indigenously developed and will later aim to reach a depth of 6,000 meters, aligning with India's
other scientific milestones like the Gaganyaan space mission.
 The mission aims to explore deep-sea resources, including critical minerals, rare metals, and marine biodiversity,
contributing to economic growth and environmental sustainability.
 The Deep Ocean Mission is a major step in India's "Blue Economy" strategy, ensuring long-term benefits for scientific
research, environmental resilience, and resource management.
BIMTECH Launches BIMCOIN: India’s First Campus Blockchain Currency
 Birla Institute of Management Technology (BIMTECH) launched ‘BIMCOIN’, a blockchain-based digital currency,
designed exclusively for its institutional ecosystem.
 BIMCOIN enables secure, transparent, and instant transactions among students, vendors, and administrators,
ensuring decentralization and fraud protection.
 The currency operates on blockchain technology with features like smart contracts, streamlining payments, enhancing
security, and promoting ethical financial practices.
 Beyond payments, BIMCOIN serves as an educational tool, providing students with hands-on experience in blockchain,
digital currencies, and real-world financial systems.
 BIMTECH Director Prabina Rajib emphasized BIMCOIN’s role in fostering financial literacy and technological
innovation among students.
Sunita Williams Sets New Spacewalk Record
 Sunita Williams set a new record for the longest spacewalking time by a woman, clocking 62 hours and 6 minutes at
the International Space Station (ISS) during a mission with fellow astronaut Butch Wilmore.
 She surpassed former astronaut Peggy Whitson’s record of 60 hours and 21 minutes, becoming fourth on NASA's all-
time list for spacewalking time.
 Williams and Wilmore conducted a spacewalk on January 30, lasting 5 hours and 26 minutes, where they removed
degraded radio communications hardware and collected samples to study microorganisms on the ISS exterior.
 The two astronauts have been stranded at the ISS since June 2024 due to technical issues with Boeing’s Starliner
spacecraft, which was originally meant to return them to Earth after a week-long mission.
 NASA plans to bring them back to Earth in late March 2025 aboard a SpaceX spacecraft, as Boeing’s Starliner remains
grounded.
ISRO Unveils FEAST 2025 Software at IIT Hyderabad
 ISRO unveiled the latest version of Finite Element Analysis of Structures (FEAST) software at the 8th National Finite
Element Developers’ Meeting at IIT-Hyderabad on February 2, 2025.
 The meeting, attended by over 250 industry leaders, academicians, and researchers, aimed to promote indigenous
finite element-based structural analysis software.
 ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan emphasized FEAST’s capabilities and its role in upcoming projects, including the Human
Mission, Bharatiya Antariksh Station, and Next Generation Launch Vehicle.

148
 Developed by Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), FEAST software is used for structural analysis across aerospace,
automobile, civil, mechanical, and marine engineering. It enables engineers to test designs virtually before physical
construction.
 VSSC Director S. Unnikrishnan Nair highlighted India's push for self-reliance in numerical simulation software,
mentioning the upcoming launch of Pravaha, an indigenous computational fluid dynamics software.
 The event featured design competitions, quiz contests, and an exhibition showcasing FEAST’s journey and
applications. IIT-H Director B.S. Murty was also present at the event.
Government Report on National Health Mission between 2021-2024
 NHM engaged over 12 lakh additional healthcare workers between FY 2021-24, strengthening human resources
across the healthcare sector. 220 crore COVID-19 vaccine doses were administered under NHM, ensuring widespread
immunization coverage.
 Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) declined by 83% since 1990, surpassing the global decline of 45%. Under-5 Mortality
Rate (U5MR) reduced by 75% since 1990, compared to a global reduction of 60%.
 Tuberculosis incidence decreased from 237 per 1,00,000 in 2015 to 195 in 2023, while TB mortality declined from 28
to 22 in the same period. 1.56 lakh Ni-kshay Mitra volunteers support 9.4 lakh TB patients under the Pradhan Mantri
TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan.
 1.72 lakh Ayushman Arogya Mandir centers operational by FY 2023-24, expanding access to healthcare services.
National Sickle Cell Anemia Elimination Mission screened over 2.61 crore individuals, aiming for disease eradication
by 2047.
 The U-WIN pilot was launched to track vaccination events, ensuring real-time immunization coverage. Pradhan Mantri
National Dialysis Programme benefited 4.53 lakh dialysis patients in FY 2023-24, expanding access to life-saving
treatment.
 7,998 public health facilities were certified under National Quality Assurance Standards (NQAS), ensuring improved
healthcare delivery. 24x7 Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and First Referral Units (FRUs) expanded, with 12,348 PHCs
and 3,133 FRUs operational nationwide.
Elon Musk Unveils Grok 3 AI: The Smartest AI on Earth
 Elon Musk's xAI unveiled Grok 3, an advanced AI model surpassing its predecessor and competing AI in science, coding,
and math. Musk described Grok 3 as ‘scary smart’, emphasizing its deep understanding and relentless pursuit of truth.
 Grok 3 outperformed major AI models like Google's Gemini 2 Pro, DeepSeek V3, and OpenAI’s GPT-4o in key
benchmarks. The AI chatbot was developed in just eight months and is expected to run on xAI’s Colossus
supercomputer, utilizing over 100,000 Nvidia GPU hours.
 A new subscription model, "Super Grok," was introduced, offering advanced capabilities and early access to new
features via the Grok app and website ([Link]). Musk explained the meaning of ‘Grok’, referencing Robert Heinlein’s
novel Stranger in a Strange Land, where it means deep understanding and empathy.
Indore, Udaipur Join Global Wetland Cities Network
 Indore (Madhya Pradesh) and Udaipur (Rajasthan) became the first Indian cities to be accredited as Wetland Cities
under the Ramsar Convention. The accreditation recognizes cities that prioritize wetland conservation and sustainable
urban development.
 An independent Advisory Committee accredited 31 new cities globally, bringing the total to 74, with China leading
with 22 accredited cities, followed by France (9).
 Bhopal was also nominated but missed out due to concerns over the impact of a proposed road project on the Bhoj
wetland's ecological character.
 Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav called the recognition a reflection of India's commitment to holistic
urban development alongside ecological conservation.

149
BOOKS AND AUTHORS
How India Led the G20 – Amitabh Kant’s Inside Story
 Amitabh Kant, India’s G20 Sherpa, released his book “How India Scaled Mt G20: The Inside Story of the G20 Presidency”
(Rupa Publications), revealing behind-the-scenes details of India's G20 Presidency.
 The book highlights the challenges, negotiations, and triumphs of the G20 Summit hosted in New Delhi in September
2023.
 The New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration (NDLD) was finalized after 300 hours of negotiations and over 250 bilateral
meetings.
 PM Narendra Modi actively monitored the process, receiving updates every two hours and emphasizing the
importance of consensus. Russia insisted on including the term ‘sanctions’ in the declaration but withdrew after India’s
firm stance, warning of a 19-1 vote against Russia.
 Unlike the 2022 Bali Summit, India achieved consensus on the declaration on the first day, avoiding prolonged
negotiations.
Soumitra Chatterjee – The Legacy of Apu and Beyond
 Soumitra Chatterjee and His World by Sanghamitra Chakraborty explores the life and contributions of Soumitra
Chatterjee, the legendary Bengali actor, poet, artist, and theatre personality.
 The book highlights his collaboration with Satyajit Ray, starring in 14 films, including The World of Apu, The Golden
Fortress, The Elephant God, The Goddess, The Lonely Wife, and The Home and the World. His mentors included
Rabindranath Tagore, Shishir Bhaduri, and Satyajit Ray, who shaped his career in theatre and cinema.
 He was known for his wit, empathy, and love for ‘adda’ (Bengali social gatherings), maintaining a simple and relatable
personality despite his fame.
‘I Am a Soldier’s Wife’: A Tribute to Brigadier LS Lidder
 ‘I Am a Soldier’s Wife’ by Geetika Lidder is a heartfelt memoir honoring Brigadier LS Lidder, a distinguished Indian
Army officer, capturing his bravery, leadership, and personal journey.
 The book was launched in the presence of Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi, who praised Brigadier Lidder’s
humanity and professionalism. The memoir highlights his role as a military strategist, his ability to connect with
soldiers at all levels, and his contributions as a defense attache in Kazakhstan, strengthening India’s military
diplomacy.
 It also recounts the tragic 2021 helicopter crash, which claimed his life along with General Bipin Rawat, India’s first
Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), and other senior officers. Geetika Lidder shares her resilience and emotional strength,
ensuring that Brigadier Lidder’s legacy of duty, kindness, and sacrifice continues to inspire future generations.
 The book serves as a tribute to soldiers and their families, reflecting on the price of freedom and national service.
Vice President of India Launches Gopichand P. Hinduja’s Book “I Am?”
 Vice President of India, Shri Jagdeep Dhankhar, launched the book “I Am?”, compiled by Gopichand P. Hinduja,
Chairman of the Hinduja Group, at Vice President Enclave. The event was attended by political leaders, business
magnates, and diplomats, marking it as a significant occasion.
 In his address, Vice President Dhankhar highlighted the book’s alignment with Sanatan Dharma and Bharatiyata,
emphasizing its global significance, with recognition from King Charles III and Sheikh Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan.
Ashok P. Hinduja, Chairman of Hinduja Group (India), shared how their multicultural business philosophy is rooted in
Sanatan Traditions.
 Swami Chidanand Saraswati, President of Parmarth Niketan Trust, underscored the book’s message of inclusivity and
collective well-being, linking it to the philosophy of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam.
 The event was attended by dignitaries, including National Security Advisor Ajit Doval, Rajya Sabha MP Dr. Abhishek Manu
Singhvi, British High Commissioner Lindy Cameron, HDFC Capital CEO Vipul Rungta, and Jindal Steel Chairman Navin Jindal.
Arun Shourie’s “The New Icon: Savarkar and the Facts”
 Arun Shourie, one of India’s most respected public intellectuals, has authored “The New Icon: Savarkar and the Facts”,
a book critically examining the legacy of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar.

150
 Released on January 31, 2024, the book presents a scathing critique of Savarkar’s ideological influence on modern
Indian politics. It follows Shourie’s 1997 work “Worshipping False Gods”, which challenged historical narratives, but
unlike B.R. Ambedkar, Savarkar lacks a socio-political protective shield, making this analysis more impactful.
 The book delves into Savarkar’s alleged role in Mahatma Gandhi’s assassination, linking his ideology to Nathuram
Godse. Initially scheduled for release on January 30, it was postponed due to backlash from Savarkar’s supporters.
 Shourie scrutinizes Savarkar’s courtroom statements, arguing they were fabricated, with “not a syllable surviving
scrutiny.” The book positions Savarkar at the center of a deeply controversial national debate.

IMPORTANT DAYS
Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti 2025: Parakram Diwas
 Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti 2025 will be celebrated on 23rd January, marking his 128th birth anniversary. The
Government of India declared January 23rd as Parakram Diwas in 2021 to honor his bravery and leadership in India's
freedom struggle.
 Born on January 23, 1897, in Cuttack, Odisha, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was a freedom fighter, INA leader, and
nationalist icon. He resigned from the Indian Civil Service (ICS) to join the Indian National Congress (INC), later
founding the Forward Bloc (1939) and leading the Indian National Army (INA) with the slogan “Delhi Chalo”. In 1943,
he established the Provisional Government of Free India.
 Celebrations include educational talks, parades, and cultural programs nationwide. The Subhas Chandra Bose Aapda
Prabandhan Puraskar, awarded annually on January 23rd, recognizes excellence in disaster management. For 2024, it
was awarded to 60 Parachute Field Hospital, Uttar Pradesh.
International Day of Education 2025
 International Day of Education 2025 is observed on January 24, marking the seventh annual celebration. Established
by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 2018, the day highlights the importance of inclusive, equitable, and
quality education in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4).
 The 2025 theme, ‘AI and Education: Preserving Human Agency in a World of Automation’, emphasizes the role of
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education, ensuring human oversight and creativity remain central despite automation.
 Education Day aligns with India’s National Education Day (November 11), honoring Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
National Voters’ Day 2025
 India marks its 15th National Voters’ Day (NVD) on January 25, 2025, celebrating the power of voting in strengthening
democracy. Established in 2011, the day coincides with the foundation of the Election Commission of India (ECI) on
January 25, 1950 and emphasizes voter awareness, participation, and inclusivity.
 The 2025 theme, “Nothing Like Voting, I Vote for Sure,” promotes participatory democracy, encouraging citizens to
take pride in voting. Following the 2024 Lok Sabha Elections, India’s electorate has reached 99.1 crore, with 21.7 crore
young voters (18-29 years) and an increase in the Electoral Gender Ratio from 948 (2024) to 954 (2025).
 President Droupadi Murmu presided over the national function in New Delhi, where the Best Electoral Practices
Awards were presented. Events included a conference on election management, the launch of the ECI Coffee Table
Book: India Votes 2024, and the screening of My Vote My Duty, a voter awareness film by Raj Kumar Hirani.
Republic Day 2025
 Republic Day 2025 will be celebrated on January 26, marking the 75th anniversary of the adoption of the Indian
Constitution in 1950. This day commemorates India’s transition into a sovereign democratic republic, replacing British
rule with a constitutional framework led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the chief architect.
 The 2025 theme, “Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas” (Golden India: Heritage and Development), highlights India’s
commitment to preserving cultural heritage while embracing modern development.
 The Republic Day Parade in New Delhi, held at Kartavya Path, will showcase India’s military strength, cultural diversity,
and technological advancements. Highlights include military parades by the Army, Navy, and Air Force, state tableaux,
cultural performances, and an Air Force flypast featuring the tricolor formation.
International Day of Clean Energy 2025
 The International Day of Clean Energy 2025 was observed on January 26, following its declaration by the United
Nations General Assembly (UNGA) under resolution A/77/327.

151
 The day aims to raise awareness and mobilize action for a just and inclusive clean energy transition, addressing both
energy poverty and climate change.
 Despite technological advancements, 685 million people worldwide still lack electricity, with 80% residing in Sub-
Saharan Africa.
 Aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7), this day emphasizes the need for universal energy access by
2030, requiring investment in renewable infrastructure, policy innovation, and global cooperation.
 The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), established on January 26, 2009, supports this transition by
providing research, policy recommendations, and international collaboration platforms.

Lala Lajpat Rai’s 160th Birth Anniversary: Legacy of the ‘Punjab Kesari’
 India commemorated the 160th birth anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai on January 28, 2025, honoring his contributions
as a freedom fighter, social reformer, journalist, and nationalist leader.
 Known as the ‘Punjab Kesari’ (Lion of Punjab), he played a key role in India’s independence movement and was a part
of the ‘Lal-Bal-Pal’ trio alongside Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal.
 Born on January 28, 1865, in Dhudike, Punjab, he was an active member of the Indian National Congress (INC) and
founded the Servants of the People Society (1921) to promote social reform, education, and self-reliance. He opposed
British policies, led anti-colonial agitations, and was deported to Mandalay in 1907.
 He led protests against the Simon Commission in 1928, where he was fatally injured during a brutal lathi charge. His
famous words, “Every blow on my body will prove a nail in the coffin of the British Empire”, became a rallying cry for
revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad.

Indian Newspaper Day 2025

 Indian Newspaper Day 2025 was observed on January 29, marking the 245th anniversary of India’s first newspaper,
Hicky’s Bengal Gazette, introduced by James Augustus Hicky in 1780.
 Also known as National Newspaper Day, it highlights the impact of newspapers in shaping India’s socio-political
landscape and promoting freedom of expression and democracy.
 The Vernacular Press Act of 1878, imposed by the British, attempted to curb press freedom, but newspapers played a
key role in India’s independence movement. Post-independence, the Press Enquiry Committee (1947) and Justice
Rajadhyaksha Press Commission (1954) laid the foundation for press reforms, leading to the establishment of the
Press Council of India (PCI) in 1966 to uphold journalistic ethics and press freedom.
Martyrs’ Day 2025: Remembering Mahatma Gandhi on His Death Anniversary
 Martyrs’ Day (Shaheed Diwas) 2025 was observed on January 30, marking the 77th death anniversary of Mahatma
Gandhi, who was assassinated on January 30, 1948, by Nathuram Godse at Birla Bhawan, Delhi. This day honors
Gandhi’s sacrifice and all martyrs who fought for India’s independence.
 Prayer meetings and tributes were held at Raj Ghat, Delhi, attended by leaders, officials, and citizens to commemorate
his contributions. Educational institutions across India organized cultural programs, speeches, and essay competitions
to instill patriotism among students.
 Martyrs’ Day serves as a reminder of the struggles for India’s freedom, reinforcing the values of nonviolence, unity,
and patriotism that Gandhi stood for.

World Wetlands Day 2025

 World Wetlands Day 2025 was observed on February 2, raising global awareness about the importance of wetlands in
biodiversity, climate resilience, and sustainable livelihoods.
 The 2025 theme, ‘Protecting Wetlands for Our Common Future’, emphasizes the need for conservation efforts to
safeguard these ecosystems for future generations.
 The Ramsar Convention, supported by UNESCO, plays a crucial role in protecting and sustainably managing wetlands
worldwide. The 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties (COP15) will be held in July 2025 at Mosi-
oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, focusing on global wetland conservation goals.
 India expanded its Ramsar Sites list to 89 in February 2025, with new designations in Sikkim and Jharkhand, including
Khecheopalri Wetland and Udhwa Lake.

152
World Cancer Day 2025: Date, Theme, History, and Awareness
 World Cancer Day 2025 was observed on February 4, emphasizing global efforts to raise awareness, promote
prevention, and improve cancer care. Established in 2000 at the World Cancer Summit in Paris, it is led by the Union
for International Cancer Control (UICC) under the Paris Charter Against Cancer to advocate for early detection,
research, and equitable healthcare access.
 The 2025 theme, “United by Unique”, launches a three-year campaign (2025-2027) focusing on personalized patient
journeys, inclusive cancer care, and advocacy for tailored treatments.
 Cancer remains a leading global health challenge, causing 10 million deaths in 2022 (WHO). Common symptoms
include unexplained weight loss, persistent fatigue, abnormal lumps, chronic pain, and changes in skin or bowel habits.
 Treatment options range from surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy to emerging innovations
like AI-driven diagnosis, liquid biopsies, targeted therapy, and mRNA vaccines.

World Radio Day 2025

 World Radio Day 2025 was observed on February 13, celebrating radio’s role as a powerful medium for
communication, information dissemination, and cultural diversity.
 Established by UNESCO in 2011 and later adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2013, the day highlights
radio’s impact, particularly in remote and underserved communities.
 The evolution of radio began with Guglielmo Marconi’s first successful radio transmission in 1895, although Jagadish
Chandra Bose demonstrated radio wave transmission earlier in November 1895.
 All India Radio (AIR), established in 1956, remains one of the largest radio networks, while FM radio was introduced
in 1977, with private stations emerging in 2001.
 Radio operates using electromagnetic waves, with AM (Amplitude Modulation) providing broader coverage and FM
(Frequency Modulation) offering better sound quality.

National Women’s Day 2025: Date, History, and Significance

 National Women’s Day 2025 was observed on February 13, marking the birth anniversary of Sarojini Naidu, a freedom
fighter, poet, and social reformer. Known as the ‘Nightingale of India’, she was a pioneering leader in India’s
independence movement and a strong advocate for women’s empowerment.
 The Government of India designated February 13 as National Women’s Day to honor her contributions. She was the
first woman President of the Indian National Congress (1925) and India’s first female Governor (1947, United
Provinces). She actively participated in the Civil Disobedience and Quit India Movements, facing multiple
imprisonments.
 Apart from politics, she was a renowned poet, with notable works like The Golden Threshold (1905), The Bird of Time
(1912), and The Broken Wing (1917). She also played a key role in inter-caste marriage reform and international
advocacy for Indian rights.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti 2025: Date, History, Significance, and Celebrations
 Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti 2025 was observed on February 19, marking the 395th birth anniversary of Shivaji
Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha Empire. The day is also celebrated as per the Hindu calendar on the 3rd day of
Phalgun month.
 Born in 1630 at Shivneri Fort, Maharashtra, Shivaji Maharaj was raised by his mother, Jijabai, who instilled in him
values of courage, justice, and devotion to Hindu traditions. He is remembered for his guerilla warfare tactics, military
skills, and governance. In 1674, he was crowned “Chhatrapati” at Raigad Fort.
 Shivaji Maharaj was known for promoting Marathi and Sanskrit in administration, ensuring religious harmony, and
advocating self-governance.

153
OBITUARIES
Wing Commander (Retd) Dr. K. Ramchand Passes Away at 82
 Wing Commander (Retd) Dr. K. Ramchand, a renowned aerospace engineer and former Director of the Centre for
Airborne Systems (CABS) under DRDO, passed away on January 17, 2025, at the age of 82. His contributions to India’s
aerospace sector played a crucial role in national security.
 A graduate of the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Dr. Ramchand earned both his Master’s degree and Ph.D.
in Aerospace Engineering, later receiving the ‘Distinguished Alumni Award’ from IISc. Serving over two decades in the
Indian Air Force (IAF), he was part of the Communications Squadron, handling missions for senior military officials.
 As Director of CABS (2002), he led the indigenous development of the Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C)
aircraft, which was inducted into the IAF in 2017 and played a key role in the 2019 Balakot airstrike. He authored ‘The
Incredible Journey of the Indian AWACS’, launched at Aero India 2019.

Renowned Sculptor Latika Katt Passes Away at 76

 Latika Katt, one of India’s most celebrated sculptors, passed away at 76. Known for her monumental sculptures and
detailed busts, she worked with bronze, terracotta, stone, and papier-mache, earning national and international
recognition.
 Her journey began at Banaras Hindu University (BHU) before completing her master’s at MS University, Baroda and
further training at the Slade School of Art, London.
 Her iconic works include the 20-foot bronze sculpture of Jawaharlal Nehru at Jawahar Bhawan, Delhi, and Rodin-esque
busts of figures like Ramkinkar Baij, Mulk Raj Anand, and Mahatma Gandhi. Her sculpture ‘Makarsankranti Nahan at
Dashaswamedh Ghat’ won the Beijing Art Biennale Award in 2010.
Horst Köhler, Former German President and IMF Chief, Passes Away at 81
 Horst Kohler, former President of Germany (2004–2010) and Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund
(IMF) (2000–2004), passed away at 81 after a brief illness. Born in 1943 in German-occupied Poland, he spent his
early years in refugee camps before settling in Ludwigsburg, Germany.
 As Deputy Finance Minister under Chancellor Helmut Kohl, he played a crucial role in introducing the West German
mark to East Germany in 1990 after the fall of communism. His leadership at the IMF focused on global financial
stability before he was nominated as President of Germany in 2004.
 During his presidency, he dissolved parliament in 2005 to call new elections and publicly challenged government
policies on globalization and economic interests. His resignation in 2010 followed criticism of his remarks linking
foreign military actions to Germany’s economy.

Veteran Actor Brian Murphy Passes Away at 92

 Brian Murphy, the veteran British actor best known for playing George Roper in Man About the House (1973–1976)
and its spin-off George and Mildred (1976–1979), passed away at 92.
 Born on September 25, 1932, on the Isle of Wight, Murphy served in the RAF at Northwood before transitioning to
theatre with Joan Littlewood’s Theatre Workshop.
 He later became a household name in British television, with guest roles in The Avengers, Callan, Z-Cars, and Dixon of
Dock Green. His character in Man About the House later inspired the American sitcom Three’s Company..

Sam Nujoma, Namibia’s First President, Passes Away at 95

 Sam Nujoma, Namibia’s first president and a key figure in its independence movement, passed away on February 10,
2025, at the age of 95. Revered as the “Father of the Namibian Nation”, he led Namibia’s liberation from apartheid
South Africa in 1990 and served as president for 15 years (1990–2005).
 He co-founded SWAPO (South West African People’s Organization) in 1960, leading its armed struggle against South
African rule. Under international pressure, South Africa withdrew in 1990, and SWAPO won the country’s first
democratic elections, making Nujoma Namibia’s first president.

154
 During his presidency, he established Namibia’s democratic Constitution, promoted reconciliation, and advocated for
women’s empowerment. He strengthened ties with China, Russia, Cuba, and North Korea, while also becoming the first
African leader hosted by US President Bill Clinton in 1993.
 Nujoma remained a symbol of African independence, alongside Nelson Mandela, Julius Nyerere, Robert Mugabe, and
Kenneth Kaunda.
Shyam Benegal, The Maestro of Indian Parallel Cinema, Passes Away at 90
 Shyam Benegal, a pioneer of Indian parallel cinema, passed away on December 23, 2024, at the age of 90.
 Born in Hyderabad, with roots in Karnataka, remained actively involved in cinema until 2023, with his final project
being Mujib: The Making of a Nation, a biopic on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
 His iconic films include Ankur (1974), Nishant (1975), Manthan (1976), Bhumika (1977), Kalyug (1981), and Kondura
(1978), each addressing critical social themes. Veteran actor Anant Nag, who worked with Benegal in six films,
described him as a mentor and an enigmatic force in cinema.
 Benegal was also deeply involved in documentaries, producing works like Bharat Ek Khoj and Netaji Subhas Chandra
Bose: The Forgotten Hero. His collaborations with Shama Zaidi, Girish Karnad, and Govind Nihalani enriched Indian
cinema, leaving behind a timeless legacy of storytelling and cinematic excellence.
Padma Shri Awardee Sukri Bommagowda Passes Away at 88
 Sukri Bommagowda, a renowned folk singer and Padma Shri awardee, passed away on February 13, 2025, at the age
of 88. A revered figure in Karnataka’s Halakki Vokkaliga community, she played a pivotal role in preserving traditional
folk music.
 Known as a “walking encyclopedia” of Halakki folk traditions, she memorized nearly 5,000 folk songs, covering themes
of marriage, festivals, and life events. In the 1980s, All India Radio recorded hundreds of her songs, ensuring their
preservation for future generations.
 Awarded the Padma Shri in 2017, she also received the Rajyotsava Award and Nadoja Award for her cultural
contributions. Her life and work are now included in Karnataka’s school textbooks, inspiring young students.
 Her home became a cultural hub, attracting schoolchildren eager to learn about folk traditions. Leaders across
Karnataka mourned her passing, recognizing her immeasurable contribution to folk music and social activism.
Milind Rege: Mumbai Cricket’s Encyclopedia Passes Away at 76
 Milind Rege, former Mumbai cricket captain and a stalwart of Indian domestic cricket, passed away on February 19,
2025, at the age of 76 due to cardiac arrest. Known for his deep cricketing knowledge, Rege made significant
contributions both as a player and an administrator, shaping Mumbai’s cricketing legacy.
 As an off-spinning all-rounder, he played 52 First-Class matches for Mumbai, being part of five consecutive Ranji
Trophy-winning teams. After retiring, he became a selector and mentor, helping discover talents like Sachin Tendulkar
and Yashasvi Jaiswal. He also served as an advisor to the Mumbai Cricket Association (MCA) for four years.
 Beyond cricket, he was head of Tata Sports Club and played a key role in corporate cricket development.

RANKINGS
India Slips to Third Place in Edelman Trust Barometer 2025 Rankings
 The Edelman Trust Barometer 2025, released ahead of the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting, ranked India third
globally in overall trust in institutions, dropping from second place despite maintaining a stable trust score. China and
Indonesia secured the top two positions.
 The survey highlighted economic disparities in trust levels, with India ranking fourth among high-income groups
(80%) and third among low-income groups (65%), reflecting a 15% trust gap. Developing nations, including China
(77%), Indonesia (76%), and India (75%), reported higher trust levels than developed countries such as Japan (37%),
Germany (41%), and the US (47%).
 Concerns over wealth inequality, misinformation, and discrimination have risen, with 67% believing the wealthy avoid
fair taxation and 63% struggling to differentiate credible news from misinformation. Hostile activism has increased,
with 53% of young respondents supporting extreme protest methods.

155
 Despite declining trust in government and media, employers remain the most trusted institution globally, with 75%
trust among employees.

Tata Tops India, Apple Leads Globally in 2025 Brand Rankings

 The Brand Finance Global 500 report for 2025 has ranked Tata Group as India’s most valuable brand, with a record
$31.6 billion valuation, marking a 10% growth. This makes Tata the first Indian brand to surpass $30 billion in value
and places it 60th globally among the top 100 brands.
 Globally, Apple remains the most valuable brand with a brand value of $574.5 billion, followed by Microsoft at $461.1
billion and Google at $413 billion. The report highlights the dominance of technology brands, with Apple seeing an
11% growth, Microsoft recording 35% growth, and Google rising by 24%.
 Several Indian brands have made significant gains, with Infosys growing by 15% to $16.3 billion, LIC surging 36% to
$13.3 billion, and Reliance Group increasing 17% to $9.8 billion. The Indian banking sector also gained prominence,
with HDFC ($14.2 billion), SBI ($9.6 billion), and ICICI ($6.4 billion) entering global rankings.
India Ranks 4th in Global Firepower Index 2025
 India has secured the 4th position in the Global Firepower Index 2025, maintaining its strong global military stature
behind the United States, Russia, and China. With a Power Index score of 0.1184,
 The Global Firepower Index ranks 145 countries based on over 60 parameters, including manpower, resources,
financial strength, and geography, but does not account for nuclear capabilities. The United States (0.0744), Russia
(0.0788), and China (0.0788) remain the top three, while South Korea (5th), the UK (6th), and France (7th) follow
India.
 India's high ranking is attributed to its large manpower, vast natural resources, and strategic geographical position.
However, challenges such as oil dependency, external debt, and lower mine warfare capabilities persist.
 Meanwhile, Pakistan has dropped from 9th to 12th place, reflecting a decline in its relative military strength. India's
consistent ranking underscores its growing defense capabilities and strategic military advancements.
India Tops Global Domestic Flight Load Rankings
 India has emerged as the global leader in passenger load factor (PLF) for domestic flights, recording an 86.4% load
factor in 2024, surpassing the US (84.1%) and China (83.2%), according to the latest International Air Transport
Association (IATA) report.
 The report also highlighted strong global air travel trends, with total air traffic increasing by 10.4% in 2024, and
international traffic rising by 13.6%. The overall global load factor reached a record 83.5%, demonstrating efficient
capacity utilization.
 IATA Director General Willie Walsh noted that record travel demand in 2024 underscored aviation’s critical role in
economic growth, job creation, and trade. The 2025 outlook projects an 8.0% growth in travel demand, aligning with
historical trends.
Zepto Becomes World’s Second Most Downloaded Food & Drink App
 Zepto, India’s quick commerce startup, has become the second most downloaded food and drink app globally in 2024,
surpassing KFC and Domino’s, according to Sensor Tower.
 McDonald’s secured the top position, while other Indian apps like Zomato (#5) and Swiggy (#9) also ranked among
the top 10. Blinkit secured the 10th position, further highlighting the rapid growth of India’s quick commerce sector.
 Zepto recorded a 300% surge in downloads in late 2024, driven by innovations like the "Buy Now, Pay Later" feature,
which enhanced customer engagement. For the first time, Zepto's monthly active users surpassed Blinkit in Q4 2024.
 The company raised $350 million in November 2024, following a $340 million funding round in August, bringing its
total funding to $1.95 billion. Zepto is expanding services with instant returns and exchanges and a women-only dark
store in Chennai. It also plans to increase its IPO size to $800M–$1B and target $5.5 billion in sales by FY26.
India Ranks 3rd in Global LEED Green Buildings 2024
 India has retained its third position in the U.S. Green Building Council’s (USGBC) LEED certification rankings for 2024,
with 370 projects covering 8.50 million gross square meters (GSM) of green-certified space. China ranked first with
over 25 million GSM, followed by Canada with 10 million GSM.

156
 India’s consistent performance in LEED certifications highlights its commitment to sustainable construction and eco-
friendly urban development. The country has seen steady growth in LEED-certified space, improving from 7.23 million
GSM in 2023 and 10.47 million GSM in 2022.
 Despite the United States not being included in the rankings, it remains the largest LEED market globally with over 56
million GSM of certified space.
India’s Logistics Performance Sees Major Leap in Global Rankings
 India has made significant progress in the World Bank’s Logistics Performance Index (LPI) 2023, securing the 22nd
position in the International Shipments category and 38th place overall among 139 countries.
 The PM GatiShakti National Master Plan (2021) and the National Logistics Policy (2022) have streamlined cargo
movement and enhanced last-mile delivery efficiency. India's port turnaround time has been reduced to 0.9 days,
outperforming major economies like the USA (1.5 days) and Germany (1.3 days).
 Technology has played a crucial role, with initiatives like the Logistics Data Bank Project, using RFID tracking for real-
time cargo monitoring, and increased automation in ports and warehouses improving efficiency.
 India aims to position itself as a global logistics hub under the Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047, focusing on port
expansion, sustainability measures, and boosting shipbuilding capacity.
 India's steady rise from 54th in 2014 to 38th in 2023 reflects its policy-driven transformation, with further
advancements in infrastructure, digitalization, and green logistics set to strengthen its global trade position.
India’s Rank in Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 2024
 India has ranked 96th out of 180 countries in the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 2024, released by Transparency
International, with a score of 38.
 This marks a decline from 39 in 2023 and 40 in 2022, indicating a slight increase in perceived public sector corruption.
The CPI evaluates nations on a scale from 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean).
 Globally, Denmark (1st), Finland (2nd), and Singapore (3rd) remain the least corrupt nations, while South Sudan (8
points), Somalia (9 points), Venezuela (10 points), and Syria (12 points) are ranked among the most corrupt. Among
India’s neighbors, China ranks 76th, Sri Lanka 121st, Pakistan 135th, and Bangladesh 149th.
 The report highlights rising corruption threats to climate action, democratic stability, and economic governance.
Global corruption trends show stagnation, with 148 countries either worsening or showing no improvement since
2012, and the global average CPI score remaining at 43.
 Developed nations like the US (ranked 28th, score 65) and France (25th, score 67) have also experienced declines,
while Russia and Ukraine continue to struggle due to political instability.

Mukesh Ambani Tops Asia’s Wealthiest Families List

 Mukesh Ambani and the Ambani family have retained the top spot in Bloomberg’s 2025 rankings of Asia’s richest
families, reaffirming their dominance in business and wealth creation.
 India features prominently in the rankings, with six Indian families securing spots in the top 20. The Shapoorji Pallonji
Group (Mistry family), O.P. Jindal Group (Jindal family), Aditya Birla Group (Birla family), Bajaj Group (Bajaj family),
and Hinduja Group (Hinduja family) are among the wealthiest, reflecting India’s strong industrial and economic
influence.
 The Mistry family, a major stakeholder in Tata Sons, holds the 4th position, while the Jindals rank 7th, recognized for
their steel and energy businesses. The Birla family (9th), Bajaj family (13th), and Hindujas (18th) further highlight
India’s legacy in business and industrial expansion.
 On the global stage, Thailand’s Chearavanont family (2nd) and Indonesia’s Hartono family (3rd) follow the Ambanis,
while Hong Kong’s Kwok family (5th) and South Korea’s Lee family (10th, Samsung Group) remain significant players.

Forbes India 30 Under 30 2025 Recognizes 42 Young Achievers Across 19 Categories

 The Forbes India 30 Under 30 list for 2025 highlights 42 young achievers under 30, spanning 19 diverse categories,
including the newly introduced Artificial Intelligence (AI) sector.

157
 Notable honorees include Devika Gholap, recognized for advancing digital pathology in cancer diagnostics, and
National Award-winning actress Aparna Balamurali for her contributions to Indian cinema. Devan Chandrasekharan,
the youngest honoree at 18, leads Fuselage Innovations, showcasing early entrepreneurial success.
 This year’s edition includes 11 women achievers, with 12 professionals recognized alongside entrepreneurs for their
significant contributions. A standout achievement is a financial deal worth $500 million, demonstrating the economic
impact of young leaders.

BJP Emerges as India’s Richest Political Party in 2023-24 with ₹4,340.47 Crore Income
 The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has been ranked as India’s richest political party for the financial year 2023-24, with
a total income of ₹4,340.47 crore, according to the latest Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) report. The Indian
National Congress (INC) ranked second, with an income of ₹1,225.11 crore, while other national parties, including
CPI(M), AAP, BSP, and NPEP, reported significantly lower earnings.
 The combined income of all six national parties stood at ₹5,820.91 crore, with BJP alone contributing 74.56% of the
total. BJP’s income grew by 83.85% from ₹2,360.84 crore in 2022-23, while INC witnessed a 170.82% increase, rising
from ₹452.37 crore to ₹1,225.11 crore. CPI(M) also saw an 18.34% growth in income.
 The primary sources of income for political parties were donations, contributions, and fundraising through coupons.
BJP received ₹3,967.14 crore from donations, followed by INC (₹1,129.66 crore) and CPI(M) (₹74.86 crore).
Reliance Beats Apple, Ranks 2nd in FutureBrand 2024
 Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) has secured the second spot globally in the FutureBrand Index 2024, surpassing
Apple, Nike, Disney, and Netflix. This marks the first time an Indian company has entered the top three of this
prestigious ranking, which evaluates brand perception rather than financial performance. Samsung claimed the top
position, while Reliance outperformed major US and global brands.
 Reliance's rapid ascent from 13th place in 2023 to 2nd in 2024 is attributed to its strong consumer trust, strategic
expansion, and diversified presence across energy, telecommunications, digital services, and retail.
 The FutureBrand Index 2024 reflects a shift in global brand dominance, with Asia-Pacific and Middle Eastern brands
gaining influence. While the finance sector saw the strongest growth, technology and energy sectors experienced
volatility, with Alphabet (Google) falling from No. 1 in 2014 to No. 57 in 2024 and Meta (Facebook) dropping from No.
11 to No. 52.

SUMMIT’s AND MOU’s

Viksit Bharat@2047: Path to Progress NITI Aayog Conclave
 NITI Aayog hosted a conclave on ‘Towards Viksit Bharat @ 2047’ on February 6, 2025, in New Delhi, focusing on
strengthening the economy, national security, global partnerships, and legal frameworks.
 Key participants included NITI Aayog's Vice Chairman, Members, CEO, Chief Economic Advisor, and the Defence
Secretary.
 The panel on Economic Growth and Global Competitiveness by 2047 highlighted regulatory reforms, infrastructure
expansion, global supply chain integration, sovereign credit ratings, and energy security as crucial factors for India's
long-term economic resilience.
 A session on Strategic Partnerships for Development emphasized India’s leadership in renewable energy, trade
liberalization, technological collaboration, and digital public infrastructure in global partnerships.
 Discussions on Supply Chain Resilience and National Defence focused on securing supply chains, balancing civilian
and military logistics, improving procurement procedures, and cybersecurity in defence operations.
PM-AASHA Scheme Extended to Support Farmers Until 2025-26
 The government has approved the continuation of the Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan (PM-
AASHA) Scheme till 2025-26 under the 15th Finance Commission cycle to ensure remunerative prices for farmers and
stabilize market prices of essential commodities.
 Under the Price Support Scheme (PSS), procurement of Tur, Urad, and Masur will be undertaken up to 100% of the
production of each state for 2024-25, aiming to boost domestic pulse production and reduce import dependency.

158
 The Budget 2025 announced that 100% procurement of Tur, Urad, and Masur will continue for the next four years
through Central Nodal Agencies (NAFED and NCCF) to ensure self-sufficiency in pulses.
 Union Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan approved Tur procurement in nine states—Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh—for a total quantity of
13.22 LMT under the Price Support Scheme for Kharif 2024-25.
 Procurement has already started in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Telangana, with 0.15 LMT Tur
procured, benefiting 12,006 farmers as of February 15, 2025.
 The government reaffirmed its commitment to purchasing 100% of Tur production through NAFED and NCCF,
ensuring price stability and farmer welfare.
Bhupender Yadav Opens ‘Waste Recycling and Climate Change 2025’ Conclave
 Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav emphasized that India must maximize resource efficiency and adopt a
circular economy to achieve its goal of becoming a developed country by 2047.
 Speaking at the "Waste Recycling and Climate Change" conclave, he called for industries to integrate circularity in
product design and adopt advanced recycling technologies.
 Recycling critical minerals can reduce India's dependence on imports and support sustainability efforts.
 India’s circular economy could be worth $2 trillion by 2050, potentially creating 10 million jobs.
 India generates vast amounts of waste, including 1.6 million tonnes of e-waste, 1.15 million tonnes of battery waste,
and 4.1 million tonnes of plastic waste annually. However, only 33% of e-waste, 2% of construction waste, and 14% of
metal scrap are currently recycled.
 Additional Secretary Amandeep Garg highlighted that India aims to generate 50% of its power from non-fossil fuel
sources, requiring significant critical minerals, 55% of which are concentrated in just 15 countries.
 India imported $5.47 billion worth of critical minerals in 2022-23, underscoring the need for domestic recycling to
secure supply chains and reduce dependency.
India to Host Inaugural WAVES Summit in Mumbai from May 1-4, 2025
 India to host first World Audio Visual Entertainment Summit (WAVES) in Mumbai from May 1-4, 2025.
 Aims to be a global platform for the entertainment sector, similar to Davos for the economy.
 Announced by Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw after PM Narendra Modi chaired a meeting of Advisory Board.
 Features top media CEOs, entertainment icons, creative professionals discussing animation, gaming, entertainment
technology, cinema.
 Eminent participants: Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Chiranjeevi, Rajnikanth, Deepika Padukone, Satya Nadella,
Sundar Pichai, Mukesh Ambani, Anand Mahindra.
 Aims to boost India’s creative economy, foster collaborations, strengthen global entertainment presence.

What is India Energy Week 2025?

 India Energy Week 2025 was held from February 11 to 14, 2025 at Yashobhoomi Convention Centre, New Delhi. The
event was organized by the Federation of Indian Petroleum Industry (FIPI) under the Ministry of Petroleum and
Natural Gas.
 Recognized as the world’s second-largest energy conference, attracting key industry leaders and international
stakeholders. Focused on energy transition, green hydrogen, biofuels, LNG partnerships, and oil and gas exploration.
 India is progressing towards producing 5 million metric tons of green hydrogen annually by 2030. The Open Acreage
Licensing Program (OALP) Round X was launched, covering 200,000 sq. km to boost oil and gas exploration.
 Strengthening LNG supply partnerships with the US, aiming to increase natural gas share in India’s energy mix from
6% to 15%. India is expanding global energy investments in Brazil, Venezuela, Russia, and Mozambique.
 Avinya’25 – Energy Startup Challenge awarded startups for innovations in CO₂ capture, ESG solutions, and renewable
energy. Vasudha – Oil and Gas Startup Challenge recognized AI-driven solutions in upstream oil and gas.
 India Energy Week 2025 introduced nine thematic zones, covering hydrogen, biofuels, renewables, LNG, Make in India,
city gas distribution, petrochemicals, innovation, and digitalization. India, the world’s third-largest energy consumer,
is focusing on secure, sustainable, and affordable energy solutions.

159
India Hosts First-Ever International Conference on Governance
 Dr. Jitendra Singh inaugurated the 4-day International Conference on Governance in New Delhi, hosted by India for the
first time with 55 countries participating. The event, organized by IIAS and the Department of Administrative Reforms,
focused on “Next Generation Administrative Reforms – Reaching the Last Mile.”
 Dr. Singh released the book “Viksit Bharat @ 2047 – Governance Transformed” and highlighted India's governance
transformation since 2014, including its economic rise from the ‘Fragile Five’ to the ‘First Five’ and improvement in
the Global Innovation Index (81st to 39th place).
 Key achievements include 80% broadband coverage, Swamitva Mission for land mapping, and 46% of global digital
transactions occurring in India (16.8 billion in October 2024 alone).
 Reforms in public services include CPGRAMS grievance redressal, RTI 2.0 for one-click information access, and Mission
Karmayogi for civil servants.

BHARAT TEX 2025: A Premier Global Textiles Event Showcasing India’s Textile Industry
 Bharat Tex 2025, India’s largest global textile event, was held from February 14-17, 2025, at Bharat Mandapam, New
Delhi, covering 2.2 million sq. ft. with over 5,000 exhibitors and 1,20,000 visitors from 120+ countries.
 The event aligned with India’s "Farm to Fibre, Fabric, Fashion, and Foreign Markets" vision, targeting ₹9 lakh crore
textile exports by 2030 from the current ₹3 lakh crore.
 India ranks as the 6th largest global textile exporter, contributing 8.21% to national exports, with 45 million direct and
100 million indirect employment opportunities.
 The GREAT Scheme approved ₹50 lakh funding per startup for innovations in medical, industrial, and protective
textiles, while IIT Indore & NIT Patna received ₹6.5 crore for specialized courses in Geotextiles, Geosynthetics, and
Sports Textiles.
 Focused Zones showcased Intelligent Manufacturing, Technical Textiles, Home Textiles, Apparel, Handlooms, and
Handicrafts, emphasizing sustainability and digital integration.
 "Indie Haat", from Feb 12-18, 2025, at National Crafts Museum, New Delhi, featured 85 artisans and 80+ handloom &
handicraft products, promoting rural artisans.
 "Breathing Threads" Fashion Show celebrated Indian handloom traditions in sustainable fashion, attracting global
buyers and industry leaders.
 Bharat Tex 2024, the previous edition, set a strong foundation with 3,500+ exhibitors, 3,000+ overseas buyers, and
1,00,000 visitors, covering 2 lakh sq. meters with 50+ knowledge sessions.
Ajmer Hosts First-Ever All India Transgender Conference
 Ajmer is hosting the first-ever All India Kinnar Mahasammelan, a 10-day transgender conference at a private school
in Vaishali Nagar, starting February 17, 2025.
 The event is organized by Gaddipati Saloni Nayak in memory of her mentor, Anita Bai, to address transgender rights,
traditions, and spirituality.
 Over 2,000 transgender members from across India are attending, with strict security measures allowing only invited
members to participate.
 A grand ritualistic pavilion (pandal) has been set up 20 meters from the temple, with live LED streaming of ceremonies
for attendees.
 Special stalls for medical services, banking, perfumes, and travel are part of the event.
 The Kinnar Akhara Parishad acknowledges leaders like PM Narendra Modi and UP CM Yogi Adityanath for their
contributions to the community.
 Community leaders describe the event as the “Maha Kumbh of the Kinnar Community”, emphasizing religious
harmony, unity, and cultural traditions.

160
ECONOMY
Global Investment Trends Monitor for 2024: (UNCTAD)
 Global FDI increased by 11% to $1.4 trillion in 2024, but excluding European conduit economies, it declined by 8%.
Developed economies saw a 43% FDI surge, mainly due to multinational transactions, but flows dropped 15% without
conduit economies.
 Greenfield investments fell 8% in number and 7% in value, despite growth in semiconductors and AI investments.
International project finance deals dropped 26% in number and nearly 31% in value, while cross-border M&A deals
fell 13% but rose 2% in total value.
 FDI in Europe declined 45% (excluding conduit economies), with Germany (-60%), Italy (-35%), and Spain (-13%)
seeing major declines. North America’s FDI rose 13%, led by a 10% increase in the US, where M&A values surged 80%.
 Greenfield project announcements fell 10% globally, but North America saw a 20% rise, with the US recording a 93%
increase in project values. Developing Asia’s FDI fell 7%, with China’s inflows dropping 29% for the second consecutive
year, now 40% below 2022 levels.
 India’s FDI rose 13%, with growth in greenfield project announcements, while ASEAN’s FDI increased 2% to a record
$235 billion. Africa’s FDI inflows surged 84% to $94 billion, driven by a megaproject in Egypt, but without it, FDI rose
23% to $50 billion.
 Latin America and the Caribbean’s FDI fell 9%, with Brazil’s FDI declining 5%, though greenfield projects showed
future growth potential. Mexico’s FDI grew 11%, despite weaker regional project announcements in Central America.
India’s Retail Inflation Drops to 4.31% in January 2025
 India’s retail inflation fell to 4.31% in January 2025, the lowest in five months, down from 5.22% in December 2024,
mainly due to moderating food prices.
 Food inflation declined to 6.02% (from 8.39% in December), with vegetable price inflation dropping to 11.35% from
26.6%, driven by fresh winter supplies.
 The RBI cut the repo rate by 25 basis points to 6.25%, the first reduction in nearly five years, aiming to support
economic growth amid moderating inflation.
 In October 2024, inflation peaked at 6.2% (14-month high), with food inflation at 10.9%, but recent trends indicate
supply-side improvements.
 The RBI, led by Governor Sanjay Malhotra, will monitor inflation trends and potential further rate cuts, depending on
economic conditions.
Wholesale Price Index (WPI) for January 2025: Inflation Rate and Key Highlights
 India’s Wholesale Price Index (WPI) inflation stood at 2.31% in January 2025, slightly down from 2.37% in December
2024, driven by higher prices of manufactured food products, textiles, and non-food articles.
 Primary Articles inflation fell to 4.69%, with food articles dropping 3.62% month-over-month, while non-food articles
and crude petroleum prices increased.
 Fuel & Power inflation remained negative at -2.78%, though mineral oil and electricity prices increased. Manufactured
Products inflation rose to 2.51%, with 15 out of 22 industries witnessing price increases.
 The WPI Food Index inflation fell to 7.47% from 8.89% in December, as vegetable prices dropped sharply by 22.72%
due to improved supply.
 Month-over-month WPI declined by 0.45%, marking the second consecutive monthly fall, with Primary Articles (-
2.01%) and the Food Index (-2.30%) showing the biggest drops.
 Fuel & Power Index increased by 0.47%, with mineral oil and electricity prices rising, while coal prices remained
stable. The final WPI inflation for November 2024 was confirmed at 2.16%, with a weighted response rate of 95.5%,
and the next WPI release is scheduled for March 17, 2025.

161
1
Sarbananda Sonowal Unveils ‘One Nation-One Port’ Initiative
• The Union Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways (MoPSW) has launched the ‘One Nation: One Port Process’
(ONOP) and other key initiatives to modernise India’s maritime infrastructure and strengthen its position in global trade.
ONOP aims to standardize port operations across India, eliminating inconsistencies in documentation and processes,
reducing costs, and improving operational efficiency.
• Sagar Ankalan, which includes the Logistics Port Performance Index (LPPI) 2023-24, was also introduced to benchmark
port efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainability, fostering improvement in service quality and global competitiveness.
• The Bharat Global Ports Consortium aims to expand India’s maritime influence by fostering international
collaborations, enhancing port-to-port connectivity, attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), and developing smart,
green, and digital ports.
• Future initiatives will focus on smart ports, utilizing AI and blockchain for automation, adopting renewable energy
sources, and enhancing maritime security and digitalization. These efforts align with India’s broader goals of
‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ and ‘Viksit Bharat 2047’, positioning India as a global maritime hub.
India’s First River Dolphin Population Survey
• India's first comprehensive river dolphin population survey was conducted from 2021 to 2023, covering the Ganga,
Brahmaputra, and Beas rivers, and revealed a total of 6,327 river dolphins across the country.
• The survey was conducted by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), in collaboration with state forest departments, non-
profit organizations like WWF, Aaranyak, and Turtle Survival Alliance. Key findings include:
Gangetic Dolphins (Platanista gangetica gangetica): 6,324 dolphins, with the highest concentration in Uttar Pradesh
(2,397) and Bihar (2,220).
Indus River Dolphins (Platanista gangetica minor): 3 dolphins, found only in the Beas River, Punjab.
Survey Area: A total of 8,507 km surveyed, including 7,109 km in the Ganga basin and 101 km in the Beas river.
• Project Dolphin, launched by Prime Minister Modi on August 15, 2020, aims to enhance conservation efforts for river
dolphins. Key findings in the Ganga Basin:
Chausa-Manihari stretch in Bihar had the highest concentration with 1,297 dolphins.
The Bhind-Pachnada stretch of the Chambal River in Uttar Pradesh had the highest dolphin density.
Kanpur-Vindhyachal and Narora-Kanpur stretches had lower dolphin densities.
Uttarakhand Cabinet Approves Unified Pension Scheme and New Excise Policy for 2025
• The Uttarakhand Cabinet, led by Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami, has approved two significant decisions: the
Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) and the Excise Policy 2025. Unified Pension Scheme (UPS):
➢ The scheme aligns with the Central Government's initiative and aims to provide a stable, assured pension payout for
government employees covered under the National Pension System (NPS).
➢ The UPS will come into effect from April 1, 2025, offering financial security to retirees and reducing uncertainties in post-
retirement income.
• The new policy includes liquor sale restrictions near religious places to respect cultural sentiments. The government has
abolished sub-shops and metro liquor sales to curb unauthorized sales and ensure more transparency in the sector.
• The policy enforces MRP regulations, with penalties for shops charging more than the maximum retail price. The state aims
to achieve an excise revenue target of ₹5,060 crore for 2025-26, with significant growth in revenue collection in recent
years.
• The Uttarakhand government has introduced financial aid for 45 writers and 21 new literary awards, alongside the
Uttarakhand Sahitya Bhushan award, to preserve and promote the region’s rich cultural heritage.
Ganga Water Treaty: India-Bangladesh Begin Talks Ahead of 2026 Renewal
• On March 6, 2025, India and Bangladesh held the 86th Joint Committee meeting in Kolkata under the Ganga Water
Treaty, initiating discussions for its renewal before it expires on December 12, 2026.
• Signed in 1996 by PM H.D. Deve Gowda and PM Sheikh Hasina, the 30-year treaty governs the sharing of Ganga waters
at Farakka and emphasizes bilateral cooperation. The Joint Rivers Commission (JRC), set up in 1972, oversees water-
related matters concerning 54 shared rivers.
• Water Sharing Provisions under the treaty:
○ ≤70,000 cusecs: Shared equally (50%-50%).
○ 70,000–75,000 cusecs: Bangladesh gets 35,000 cusecs, India gets the rest.

144
○ >75,000 cusecs: India receives 40,000 cusecs, the balance goes to Bangladesh.
PM Modi Conferred with Honorary Order of Freedom of Barbados
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi was awarded the Honorary Order of Freedom of Barbados, the country's highest
honour. The award was presented by President Dame Sandra Mason in Bridgetown, and received on Modi’s behalf by
Union Minister Pabitra Margherita.
• The recognition highlights Modi’s leadership and assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The announcement was
made by Barbados PM Mia Mottley during her meeting with Modi at the 2nd India-CARICOM Leaders’ Summit on
November 20, 2024, in Georgetown, Guyana.
• PM Modi dedicated the honour to 1.4 billion Indians and emphasized India-Barbados ties. India and Barbados have
shared diplomatic relations since 1966, marked by consistent engagement and development cooperation.
PAC questions NHAI on delay in Bharatmala project
• The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) headed by senior Congress leader and Lok Sabha MP K.C. Venugopal has raised
concerns over delays and cost escalations in the implementation of the Bharatmala Pariyojana, India's ambitious highway
development program.
• The Bharatmala Pariyojana Phase-I, initially scheduled for completion by FY2022, is now anticipated to extend to
FY2026, indicating a four-year delay. The average cost per kilometer has risen to ₹23.80 crore, a 54% increase from the
initially estimated ₹15.52 crore per km.
• The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) highlighted irregularities in the awarding of contracts, including violations
of tendering processes and instances where successful bidders did not meet tender conditions or provided falsified
documents. Projects were awarded without securing necessary land acquisitions and forest clearances, leading to delayed
commencements and completions.
Tahawwur Rana’s Extradition to India Approved by U.S. Supreme Court
• The U.S. Supreme Court has denied Tahawwur Rana’s plea to block his extradition to India, where he faces charges linked
to the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks. Rana, a Pakistani-Canadian and former Pakistan Army doctor, is accused of aiding
David Coleman Headley in conducting reconnaissance for the attacks that killed 166 people.
• In 2011, a U.S. court convicted him for supporting Lashkar-e-Taiba and plotting against a Danish newspaper, sentencing
him to 14 years in prison. U.S. President Donald Trump approved his extradition in February 2025.
• Rana’s plea, claiming risk due to his Pakistani origin, was rejected by the court in March 2025. India and U.S. authorities
are coordinating the extradition, expected to be completed by the end of March 2025.
Suman Chakraborty Wins 2026 TWAS Award for Engineering and Computer Sciences
• Professor Suman Chakraborty of IIT Kharagpur received the 2026 TWAS Award by UNESCO for his work in low-cost
medical diagnostic technologies. The biennial award by The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) honors scientists
from developing countries for significant contributions to science and sustainable development.
• He pioneered Paper and Pencil Microfluidics, enabling miniaturized diagnostic devices and energy-harvesting
systems using basic materials. Developed a reagent-free anemia screening technique using blood drop patterns on pre-
wetted paper.
• Invented a portable CBC device using a spinning disc, suitable for resource-limited settings. Led the creation of
COVIRAP, a molecular diagnostic platform for infectious diseases, offering rapid, cost-effective testing and receiving
global regulatory approvals.
Supreme Court Upholds Arrest Powers under GST with Safeguards
• The Supreme Court of India upheld the constitutional validity of arrest provisions under the Customs Act, 1962 and the
CGST Act, 2017, while stressing the need for legal safeguards to prevent misuse.
• It ruled that officials under both Acts, possessing powers like arrest, search, and seizure, must follow procedural
safeguards laid down in the CrPC, 1973. Recording of “reason to believe” based on substantial evidence is mandatory
before initiating an arrest to ensure transparency and accountability.
• Arrested individuals must be informed of specific grounds, including evidence, to enable them to exercise legal rights
such as seeking bail or challenging the arrest. The Court declared that using arrest powers to coerce tax payments is
unlawful, affirming that such recovery is impermissible, and affected individuals may seek refunds and initiate
disciplinary action against erring officials.

145
Lok Sabha Passes Bills of Lading Bill, 2025 to Modernize Maritime Law
• On March 10, 2025, the Lok Sabha passed the Bills of Lading Bill, 2025, replacing the Indian Bills of Lading Act, 1856
to align with modern international shipping standards. The 1856 Act, consisting of only three sections, focused on
transfer of rights and confirmation of goods loaded onto vessels.
• The new bill simplifies language, logically reorganizes provisions, and empowers the Central Government to issue
directions for effective implementation. It repeals colonial-era provisions, supporting India’s legal modernization and
business facilitation in maritime trade.
• The reform aims to boost global trade relations and improve alignment with international maritime practices. Union
Minister Sarbananda Sonowal highlighted the bill as a step toward realizing PM Modi’s vision of a modern, accessible,
and decolonized legal system.
Dr. Jayshree Vencatesan Becomes First Indian to Receive Ramsar Award
• Dr. Jayshree Vencatesan, co-founder of Care Earth Trust, became the first Indian to receive the Ramsar Award for
'Wetland Wise Use' in recognition of her contributions to sustainable wetland management.
• The Ramsar Award, under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, is given in three categories: international
collaboration, wise use, and wetland protection. Dr. Vencatesan is a prominent scientist advocating for diverse
knowledge systems in environmental research. She also mentors young female conservationists, promoting women’s
leadership in environmental protection.
• Her organization, Care Earth Trust, established in 2000, focuses on biodiversity conservation through research,
advocacy, and capacity building. She led the documentation of the Pallikaranai Marsh in Chennai, identifying it as vital
for flood control and home to over 337 species.
Parliamentary Standing Committee Recommends Key Reforms for Farmer Welfare
• The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Agriculture, chaired by Charanjit Singh Channi, submitted a report
proposing major reforms to improve farmers' and farm laborers' welfare. It recommended renaming the Department of
Agriculture and Farmers Welfare to include ‘Farm Labourers Welfare’ in its title.
• The report proposed establishing a National Commission for Minimum Living Wages to ensure fair pay for farm
laborers. It suggested extending the PM-Kisan scheme to include farm laborers and doubling the benefit from ₹6,000 to
₹12,000 per farmer annually.
• The committee called for a legally guaranteed Minimum Support Price (MSP) for all crops, including organic produce.
A debt waiver scheme was proposed for both farmers and farm laborers to reduce financial distress.
• It recommended financial incentives for crop residue management to curb stubble burning and encourage
sustainability. The report suggested compulsory free crop insurance for smallholder farmers with up to two hectares
of land. It raised concerns over declining agriculture budget allocations, which fell from 3.53% in 2020–21 to 2.54% in
2024–25, urging increased funding.
Education Ministry Launches APAAR ID for Student Record Digitization
• The Ministry of Education, under the NEP 2020, introduced the Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry
(APAAR) ID to digitize and streamline student academic records. Each student is assigned a unique 12-digit APAAR ID,
acting as a digital academic identity throughout their education.
• The system maintains centralized records of all academic qualifications and co-curricular achievements in a single
digital repository. APAAR IDs are integrated with DigiLocker and the Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) for secure
storage and efficient management of academic credentials and credits.
India Advances Carbon Credit Trading Scheme for 2026 Launch
• India is developing its Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) to build a carbon market aligned with its Paris Agreement
climate goals. The Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act, 2022 authorizes the government to implement the scheme,
replacing the PAT scheme to focus on reducing GHG emission intensity.
• The CCTS includes a compliance mechanism for obligated entities and a voluntary mechanism for broader participation
in carbon trading. Carbon Credit Certificates (CCC) represent one tonne of CO₂ equivalent (tCO₂e) reduction, enabling
entities to buy, sell, or offset emissions.
• The scheme is governed by the National Steering Committee for Indian Carbon Market (NSCICM) and implemented by
the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE). The Indian carbon market is scheduled to become operational in 2026.

146
Supreme Court Issues Notice on PIL Challenging CAG Appointment Process
• On March 17, 2025, the Supreme Court issued a notice to the central government over a PIL challenging the current
method of appointing the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India.
• The Centre for Public Interest Litigation (CPIL) filed the PIL, arguing that the executive-only appointment by the Prime
Minister undermines the independence of the CAG.
• The petition proposes a neutral selection committee comprising the Prime Minister, Leader of the Opposition, and the
Chief Justice of India. A bench of Justices Surya Kant and N Kotiswar Singh sought the government's response and tagged
the PIL with a related pending matter.
• Advocate Prashant Bhushan, representing CPIL, raised concerns over alleged stalled audits in BJP-ruled states like
Maharashtra. Article 148 of the Constitution governs the CAG's appointment and tenure, ensuring protections similar to
a Supreme Court judge.
Maharashtra Inaugurates First Temple Dedicated to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
• Maharashtra inaugurated its first Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj temple in Maradepada, Bhiwandi (Thane district),
marking a historic cultural milestone.
• The 2,500 sq ft temple, inspired by Maratha fort architecture, includes a 5,000 sq ft fort-style boundary wall with
bastions, surveillance paths, and a 42-foot entrance gate.
• The temple houses a 6.5-foot blackstone (krishnashila) statue of Shivaji Maharaj, sculpted by Arun Yogiraj, also known
for crafting the Ayodhya Ram Temple idol.
• The site aims to honour the valour and legacy of the Maratha ruler, with Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis proposing to
declare it a pilgrimage site to promote Maratha cultural heritage.
Farmer Leaders Arrested Amid Escalating Protests in Punjab
• On March 19, 2025, 28 farmer leaders, including Sarwan Singh Pandher and Jagjit Singh Dallewal, were detained by
Punjab Police in Mohali after meeting Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan in Chandigarh to discuss
demands such as a statutory Minimum Support Price (MSP).
• Dallewal, who was on an indefinite hunger strike, was moved to a medical facility following his detention.
Simultaneously, Punjab Police dismantled protest sites at the Shambhu and Khanauri borders, which had been
occupied by farmers for over a year.
• The Samyukt Kisan Morcha (SKM) and SKM-Non Political (SKM-NP) accused the BJP-led Centre and AAP-led Punjab
government of acting in corporate interests. Union Minister Ravneet Singh Bittu criticized CM Bhagwant Mann,
claiming the arrests were done under central directives.
• In response, farmer unions announced plans to intensify protests, including demonstrations outside AAP legislators'
residences on March 10 and 15, demanding fulfillment of their demands.
Aurangzeb’s Tomb Sparks Controversy Amid Demolition Demands in Maharashtra
• In March 2025, demands for the demolition of Aurangzeb's tomb by right-wing groups and some political leaders
triggered communal tensions in Maharashtra. The tomb is located in Khuldabad, within the dargah of Sheikh
Zainuddin, and features an open-air, unadorned grave in accordance with Aurangzeb’s wish for simplicity.
• A marble screen was added by Lord Curzon in the early 20th century to honor Aurangzeb’s legacy.
• The site is designated a 'Monument of National Importance' and is protected by the Archaeological Survey of India
(ASI), preventing any unauthorized alteration or demolition.
• Maharashtra CM Devendra Fadnavis acknowledged public sentiments but stressed that legal procedures must be
followed due to the tomb’s protected status. Former CM Uddhav Thackeray criticized the controversy, arguing it distracts
from present-day issues, noting that Aurangzeb died over 300 years ago.
Andhra Pradesh to Honour Potti Sriramulu with 58-Foot Statue in Amaravati
• The Andhra Pradesh government announced a 58-foot-tall statue of Potti Sriramulu in Amaravati, commemorating his
58-day hunger strike that led to the creation of the Andhra State.
• The statue will be accompanied by a memorial and completed before his next birth anniversary. Sriramulu’s ancestral
home in Padamatipalli village, Prakasam district, will be converted into a museum showcasing his life and legacy.
• Plans include building a modern health center and high school in the village to improve local infrastructure in Sriramulu’s
memory. His 125th birth anniversary will be celebrated through monthly events, culminating in a grand celebration on
March 16, 2026.

147
• Born on March 16, 1901, Sriramulu’s death on December 15, 1952, after a prolonged fast, led to the formation of Andhra
State on October 1, 1953, setting a precedent for linguistic states in India.
Bengal Leads India in Bird Count for Third Consecutive Year
• Bengal has topped India’s Great Backyard Bird Count (GBBC) for the third consecutive year, recording 543 species out
of the total 1,068 species documented across the country. The GBBC 2025 took place from February 14 to 17, with fewer
participants due to exam conflicts, but Bengal maintained its dominance in species diversity and number of observers.
• The top district in Bengal for species count was Darjeeling, with 252 species, although this was a decrease from 308 in
2024. South 24 Parganas had the most checklists in Bengal, with 513 entries. Notable bird sightings included Ibisbill in
Jhalong (North Bengal), Spotted Crake in Baruipur, and Common Starling in Malda.
• Over 5,300 participants took part across India, with 344 participants from Bengal. Baharuddin Sk was the top observer,
recording 310 species, and Santanu Manna uploaded the most checklists (112). Top 5 States based on species count:
➢ Bengal: 543 species
➢ Uttarakhand: 446 species
➢ Assam: 414 species
➢ Maharashtra: 414 species
➢ Karnataka: 380 species.

INTERNATIONAL
Brazil Joins OPEC+ as Observer for Global Energy Influence
• Brazil has joined OPEC+ as an observer, allowing participation in global oil policy discussions without committing to
production quotas. The decision was approved by Brazil’s National Council for Energy Policy and aligns with President
Lula’s strategy to use oil revenues for funding green energy transition. As an observer, Brazil retains full control over
its oil production, enabling it to protect national interests while influencing energy market policies.
• Brazil’s entry into OPEC+ strengthens its global energy presence and enhances ties with other major oil producers.
Environmental concerns have been raised over Brazil’s oil exploration near the Amazon River, but the government argues
these are essential for economic growth and climate funding.
• Petrobras, the state-run oil company, plans to increase diesel production by 120,000 barrels per day in 2025 to reduce
fuel import dependence. Petrobras faced a 10.5% drop in oil and gas output in Q4 2024 due to maintenance and offshore
disruptions.
• Brazil aims to use its observer status to encourage OPEC+ members to invest in renewable energy while preparing to host
the UN climate summit. The move positions Brazil as a key voice in global energy policy, balancing economic priorities
with environmental sustainability.
FATF Plenary Session (February 2025)
The February 2025 FATF Plenary, led by President Elisa de Anda Madrazo (Mexico), hosted delegates from 200+
jurisdictions, addressing key issues like money laundering, terrorism financing, and online child exploitation. Updates
to FATF Standards were approved to strengthen the risk-based approach and encourage financial inclusion,
acknowledging that 1.4 billion people lack banking access.
• A landmark report on financial flows linked to online child sexual exploitation was approved and will be launched in
London on March 13, 2025. Lao PDR and Nepal were added to the Grey List, while the Philippines was removed for
progress in AML/CFT compliance
• Kenya joined the plenary as a guest jurisdiction, while Russia's suspension from FATF continues. Public consultations
were launched on Recommendation 1 (financial inclusion), Recommendation 16 (payment transparency), and
proliferation financing compliance
• Giles Thomson (UK) was appointed FATF Vice-President (2025–2027), succeeding Jeremy Weil (Canada). Participation
of FATF-Style Regional Bodies (FSRBs) was expanded to strengthen global cooperation.
• The Women in FATF Initiative continued, with the 2nd Mentoring Programme set to launch in March 2025. A Private
Sector Collaborative Forum will be held from March 25–27, 2025, in Mumbai, focusing on compliance by lawyers,
accountants, and real estate professionals.

148
Green Transition Alliance India: Denmark’s New Climate Initiative
• Denmark launched the Green Transition Alliance India (GTAI) to enhance collaboration with India on sustainable
energy solutions under the Green Strategic Partnership (GSP) framework established in 2020. The initiative is led by the
Embassy and Consulate General of Denmark in India and focuses on renewable energy, green fuels, and energy
efficiency.
• GTAI supports India’s net zero goal by 2070 and Denmark’s target of 2045, aiming to fast-track global carbon neutrality
efforts. Participating Danish companies include Grundfos, Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners, Baettr, Novonesis,
MASH Makes, ROCKWOOL, and A.P. Moller-Maersk.
• Strategic partners include the Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC), Indo-Danish Chamber of Commerce (IDCC),
Confederation of Danish Industry (DI), and IIT Madras Energy Consortium. The alliance will operate through three
working groups on renewable energy, green fuels, and energy efficiency.
• GTAI builds on earlier initiatives like the Green Fuels Alliance India (GFAI) and Wind Alliance India (WAI) to promote
technology transfer and green investment. Ambassador Rasmus Abildgaard Kristensen emphasized Denmark’s
expertise in green technologies and called for urgent global climate action.

Cali Fund Launched at CBD COP16 to Boost Biodiversity Finance

• The Cali Fund was launched on February 25, 2025, at CBD COP16 in Rome, aiming to boost biodiversity finance through
direct contributions from private companies benefiting from Digital Sequence Information (DSI).
• Developed after a historic agreement at COP16 in Colombia (2024), the fund supports the Kunming-Montreal Global
Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) target to halt biodiversity loss by 2030.
• Industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture, and biotechnology using DSI must now contribute a share
of their revenue to conservation efforts. DSI refers to digital genetic data derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms,
widely used in research and commercial applications.
• The fund will support conservation projects, biodiversity action plans in developing countries, scientific research,
and indigenous communities, with at least 50% of funds allocated to the latter.
• Managed by UNDP, UNEP, and the Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office (MPTFO), the fund ensures transparent governance
and global collaboration.
• Key figures supporting the fund include Susana Muhamad (COP16 President), Astrid Schomaker (CBD Executive
Secretary), and Marcos Neto (UNDP). The Cali Fund is the first UN biodiversity fund to receive direct business
contributions, setting a global precedent for equitable benefit-sharing in biodiversity conservation.
UAE Introduces Blue Visa: 10-Year Residency for Foreigners
• The UAE launched the Blue Visa, a 10-year residency permit for individuals contributing to environmental
sustainability and climate action, during the World Governments Summit 2025 in Dubai (February 11–13).
• The initiative was introduced by the Ministry of Climate Change and Environment (MoCCAE) in collaboration with the
Federal Authority for Identity, Citizenship, Customs, and Ports Security (ICP). The visa targets sustainability leaders,
researchers, NGO members, corporate leaders, and global sustainability award recipients.
• In the initial phase, 20 sustainability experts will be granted the visa; candidates can apply through the ICP website and
mobile app, or be nominated by UAE authorities. The Blue Visa expands the UAE’s long-term residency options,
complementing the existing Golden Visa and Green Visa schemes.
• Dr. Amna Bint Abdullah Al Dahak, Minister of Climate Change and Environment, highlighted the UAE’s commitment to
global sustainability leadership. Major General Suhail Saeed Al Khaili, Director-General of ICP, confirmed the visa’s
availability through 24/7 digital platforms.
Trump Declared English as the Official Language of the United States
• On March 1, 2025, President Donald Trump signed an executive order officially declaring English as the national
language of the United States, a first in U.S. federal history. The order removes a rule from the Bill Clinton era that
required federal agencies to provide services in multiple languages using public funds.
• Under the new policy, government agencies can now choose whether to offer services in languages other than English.
The decision aims to improve communication, strengthen national unity, and encourage immigrants to learn English
for better integration.
• While over 30 states had previously adopted English as their official language, this is the first federal recognition of a
national language. The order could reduce the availability of non-English services, making it more difficult for non-English

149
speakers to access essential information. The Spanish version of the White House website was removed following the
order, sparking confusion and concern among the public.
Yamandú Orsi Sworn in as Uruguay’s President
• Yamandú Orsi was sworn in as Uruguay’s President on March 1, 2025, marking the return of the leftist Broad Front
coalition after five years of centre-right governance under Luis Lacalle Pou. A former history teacher and mayor, Orsi
pledged to expand social welfare and address economic stagnation, while promoting dialogue and unity.
• His presidency faces challenges including economic inequality, rising crime, and pressure from trade unions for pro-
labor reforms. Businesses remain cautious as Orsi attempts to balance leftist expectations with economic
competitiveness and investor confidence.
• Labour Minister Juan Castillo, a Communist, supports stronger worker protections, intensifying tensions with the
private sector, especially after the exit of Japanese firm Yazaki over high costs. Key policy issues include pension reform,
labor disputes, and achieving fiscal stability while expanding social programs.
• Orsi advocates a policy of “safe change”, emphasizing gradual reforms over radical shifts, aiming for long-term stability.
Internationally, Orsi aligns with leftist Latin American leaders such as Brazil’s Lula da Silva, Colombia’s Gustavo Petro,
and Chile’s Gabriel Boric.
Egypt Proposes $53 Billion Gaza Reconstruction Plan – The 2025 Cairo Declaration
• On March 4, 2025, an Arab Summit in Cairo endorsed Egypt’s Cairo Declaration, proposing a $53 billion plan to rebuild
Gaza without displacing its Palestinian population.
• The declaration firmly rejects relocation proposals, including those previously suggested by U.S. President Donald
Trump, which aimed to resettle Palestinians in neighboring countries such as Jordan and Egypt.
• The plan involves the Palestinian Authority and UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency) in rebuilding efforts,
emphasizing continuity of Palestinian governance and identity.
• Israel criticized the plan for ignoring the role of Hamas in initiating hostilities and failing to condemn it as a terrorist
organization. Hamas welcomed the declaration, calling it a move toward greater Arab and Islamic unity and support for
Palestinian sovereignty, while urging compliance with a ceasefire agreement.
Trump Proposes ‘Golden Dome’ Missile Defence System for USA
• Former U.S. President Donald Trump announced the development of a new comprehensive missile defence system named
the "Golden Dome", aimed at countering ballistic, cruise, and hypersonic missiles.
• The initiative is inspired by Israel’s Iron Dome, operational since 2011, which has a 90% interception success rate for
short-range rockets and artillery shells. An Executive Order has been signed to expedite development and prioritize
domestic manufacturing.
• A proposed $19.5 billion budget for FY 2026 has been introduced, reflecting bipartisan interest in enhancing U.S. national
defence. Israel's Iron Dome: A mobile defence system that uses radar and interceptor missiles to neutralize aerial threats.
• India’s Raksha Kavach (2025):
○ Unveiled by DRDO at Aero India 2025.
○ Features:
QRSAM with a range of 25–30 km.
Netra AEW&C S-band 3D surveillance system.
ATAGS 155mm/52 caliber artillery with a 45 km range.
Cyclone Alfred, a Category 2 tropical cyclone, is approaching southeastern Queensland, Australia
• Cyclone Alfred, initially identified as a tropical low on February 20, 2025, formed in the Coral Sea and was upgraded to
Category 1 on February 22, peaking at Category 4 on February 27, before being downgraded to Category 1 near landfall
at Brisbane.
• The cyclone brought wind speeds up to 95 km/h and gusts reaching 120 km/h, causing heavy rainfall and life-
threatening flash floods in Brisbane and the Gold Coast. Record waves were recorded, including a 12.4-meter wave off
the Gold Coast.
• Over 250,000 homes in Queensland and New South Wales lost power; Brisbane Airport suspended operations, over
1,000 schools closed, and public transport was halted. Evacuation orders were issued for vulnerable regions, with over
1,000 volunteers and 178 defense personnel deployed.

150
• Cruise ships like Carnival's Luminosa and Quantum of the Seas were stranded or diverted due to port closures. Prime
Minister Anthony Albanese urged public compliance with safety directives, and federal aid, including Australian Defense
Force personnel, was mobilized.
Violent Clashes in Syria leaves 1000 dead in 2 days
• Syria experienced a severe escalation in violence resulting in over 1,000 deaths within two days. The clashes occurred
between the forces of the new Islamist government and loyalists of the ousted President Bashar al-Assad, primarily in
the coastal regions, including Latakia and Jableh.
• In December 2024, insurgent groups led by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) overthrew President Bashar al-Assad's regime,
ending decades of his family's rule.
• The new government, under interim President Ahmed al-Sharaa, has faced ongoing challenges in stabilizing the nation
amidst deep-seated sectarian tensions.
• The violence began with an ambush by Assad loyalists on government forces near Jableh, leading to intense fighting and
significant casualties on both sides.
• Reports indicate that approximately 745 civilians were killed, many in execution-style killings, exacerbating fears of
sectarian violence, particularly against the Alawite minority, which had been supportive of Assad's regime.
India and Ireland establish a Joint Economic Commission
• India and Ireland have agreed to establish a Joint Economic Commission (JEC) to enhance bilateral trade, investment,
and technological collaboration.
• The JEC will serve as a bilateral forum for consultations on key trade and investment issues, including developments at the
World Trade Organization (WTO), and aims to increase awareness of the economic priorities of both countries.
• Both nations have approved an action plan to reinvigorate ties, focusing on measures under four strategic goals to be
pursued and implemented by relevant government departments and agencies.
• External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar met with Irish President Michael D. Higgins and Deputy Prime Minister and
Foreign Minister Simon Harris in Dublin. Discussions encompassed bilateral cooperation, including trade, education,
mobility, and emerging sectors like cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, financial technology, and semiconductors.
• Jaishankar also visited Queen's University in Belfast, which is set to establish a campus in Gujarat's GIFT City, highlighting
the potential of India-Ireland ties in education
Canada’s new Prime Minister and Liberal Party leader
• Mark Carney has been elected as the new leader of the Liberal Party of Canada and is set to become the country's next
Prime Minister, succeeding Justin Trudeau.
• Carney, 59, is a distinguished economist with degrees from Harvard and Oxford. He has served as the Governor of both the
Bank of Canada and the Bank of England, earning recognition for his adept management during financial crises.
• Carney secured the leadership of the Liberal Party with 85.9% of the vote, defeating notable figures such as Chrystia
Freeland.
• Justin Trudeau announced his resignation as Prime Minister and Liberal Party leader on January 6, 2025, amid declining poll
numbers and internal party pressures.
• Carney assumes leadership during heightened tensions with the United States, particularly concerning a 25% tariff imposed
by President Trump on Canadian goods and discussions about Canada's sovereignty
United States withdraws from Loss and Damage Fund
• The United States has withdrawn from the United Nations' Loss and Damage Fund, an international initiative established to
compensate developing countries for the adverse effects of climate change.
• The Loss and Damage Fund was created during the COP28 UN climate summit in 2023, following extensive advocacy by
nations most affected by climate change. Under the Biden administration, the United States pledged $17.5 million to support
the fund.
• The Trump administration has retracted the U.S. commitment and withdrawn from the fund, aligning with its broader
strategy to reduce involvement in international climate initiatives.
• This withdrawal contributes to a significant reduction in global climate finance, affecting efforts to assist developing
countries in combating climate change.
• Despite the U.S. withdrawal, other countries, including Italy and France, have maintained or increased their contributions,
with the fund currently holding approximately $741 million in pledges.

151
U.S. Considers New Visa Restrictions on 43 Countries over Security Concerns
• The U.S. administration has proposed a three-tier visa restriction system affecting 43 countries, citing national security
concerns and inadequate security protocols. The first group, facing full visa suspensions, includes 11 countries such
as Afghanistan, Iran, and North Korea.
• The second group of 10 countries, including Eritrea and Myanmar, may face partial suspensions on certain visa types
like tourist or student visas. The third group of 22 countries, including Pakistan and Belarus, faces conditional
restrictions subject to compliance within 60 days.
• The move is aligned with President Trump’s immigration vetting efforts and aims to tighten entry controls from high-
risk regions. The proposals are currently under internal review, with final decisions and the list of affected countries
subject to change. The plan follows previous travel bans, which were upheld by the Supreme Court in 2018 despite
facing legal challenges.
Indian Student Ranjani Srinivasan Self-Deports After U.S. Visa Revocation
• Ranjani Srinivasan, a doctoral student in Urban Planning at Columbia University, self-deported from the United States
after her student visa was revoked on March 5, 2025.
• Her academic credentials include degrees from CEPT University, Harvard University, and an [Link] from Columbia, along
with Fulbright Nehru and Inlaks Scholarships.
• The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) alleged her involvement in activities supporting Hamas, a
designated terrorist organization, and for advocating violence and terrorism.
• Her research focused on the political economy of development, spatial politics of land, and the sociology of labor.
Following visa revocation by the U.S. Department of State, she voluntarily left the country.
India and New Zealand Sign Defence Pact, Resume FTA Talks
• Prime Ministers Narendra Modi and Christopher Luxon met in New Delhi, leading to a defence cooperation
agreement and revival of free trade agreement (FTA) negotiations. The defence pact will institutionalize military
training, joint exercises, and port visits, promoting a secure Indo-Pacific against expansionist threats.
• FTA negotiations, relaunched after a decade, aim for conclusion by end of 2025; in 2023, India’s exports to New Zealand
stood at $682 million, imports at $369 million. The countries signed agreements on food processing, pharmaceuticals,
renewable energy, and critical minerals.
• A horticulture memorandum targets post-harvest infrastructure, benefiting sectors like the kiwi fruit industry.
Trump Invokes Alien Enemies Act to Deport Tren de Aragua Members
• U.S. President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act of 1798 to deport over 250 alleged members of the
Venezuelan gang Tren de Aragua to El Salvador, marking the first use of the Act since World War II.
• Tren de Aragua, formed in 2014 in Aragua, Venezuela, evolved from prison-based operations into a transnational
criminal group active in extortion, trafficking, kidnapping, illegal mining, and arms smuggling.
• The gang has expanded across Latin America and entered the U.S. in the early 2020s, amid rising migration from
Venezuela. In January 2024, the FBI confirmed its presence in the U.S., followed by sanctions and a “transnational
criminal organization” designation by the U.S. Treasury in July 2024.
• The March 2025 deportations proceeded despite a court order blocking the use of the Act, leading to legal and political
controversy over the administration’s authority and due process concerns.
Serbia Accused of Using Sonic Weapon Against Protesters During Belgrade Rally
• On March 15, 2025, during a major protest in Belgrade, Serbian security forces were accused of deploying a sonic weapon
to disperse a peaceful crowd. The protest was held to demand accountability for the Novi Sad train station collapse, which
killed 15 people.
• A piercing, jet-like noise disrupted a 15-minute silence, causing panic and a brief stampede. Protesters reported ear
pain, nausea, headaches, and disorientation, symptoms linked to exposure to high-decibel acoustic devices.
• The government, including President Aleksandar Vučić, denied using sonic devices, calling the allegations unfounded.
Vucic invited international agencies such as the FBI and Russia’s FSB to investigate the claims.
• The suspected device resembles a Long-Range Acoustic Device (LRAD), which emits sound up to 160 decibels and is used
for crowd control, with potential to cause hearing damage and confusion.

152
India-Kyrgyzstan Conduct Exercise Khanjar-XII in Tokmok
• Exercise Khanjar-XII, the 12th edition of the India-Kyrgyzstan joint military exercise, was held from March 10 to 23,
2025, in Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan. The exercise began in 2011 and reflects deepening defence ties, held alternately in both
countries; the previous edition took place in India in January 2024.
• India was represented by Parachute Regiment (Special Forces), known for counter-terrorism and high-altitude
warfare expertise. Kyrgyzstan participated with the Scorpion Brigade, trained in special operations and mountain
warfare.
India and Japan Conduct 6th Edition of Exercise Dharma Guardian
• The 6th Edition of Exercise Dharma Guardian was held from February 24 to March 9, 2025, at the East Fuji Training
Area in Japan. The exercise saw expanded participation at a company-strength level, signaling strengthened defense
cooperation between India and Japan.
• It focused on counter-terrorism in urban settings, joint urban warfare, and operations under a UN mandate, including
Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR). Cultural exchange activities included Yoga sessions, and martial
arts demonstrations such as Kalari Payattu by Indian troops and traditional Japanese martial arts.
• The 72-hour validation phase featured a simulated joint counter-terrorism operation using heli-borne insertion,
slithering, and storming techniques.
India and Bangladesh Conduct Bongosagar 2025 Naval Exercise in Bay of Bengal
• Bongosagar 2025, a bilateral naval exercise between India and Bangladesh, was held in March 2025 in the Bay of Bengal
to boost maritime cooperation and interoperability.
• The Indian Navy deployed INS Ranvir, a guided-missile destroyer, while the Bangladesh Navy participated with BNS
Abu Ubaidah, a frigate.
• Key components included surface firing exercises, tactical maneuvers, underway replenishment, and Visit, Board,
Search, and Seizure (VBSS) operations. Communication drills were also conducted to enhance coordination and
information sharing.
• The exercise emphasized strengthening bilateral ties and improving joint readiness to tackle maritime threats like
piracy and smuggling. It supports regional stability and aligns with India’s SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the
Region) initiative for collective maritime security.

APPOINTMENTS
Vivek Joshi Assumes Charge as Election Commissioner
• Vivek Joshi has been appointed as the Election Commissioner of India. He is 58 years old and brings extensive experience
in governance, financial regulation, and administrative services.
• Joshi holds a [Link] in Mechanical Engineering from IIT Roorkee, a Master’s in International Business from IIFT, and
a Ph.D. in International Economics from the Graduate Institute, Geneva. He is a 1989-batch Indian Administrative
Service (IAS) officer of the Haryana cadre.
• Joshi has held key positions, including Chief Secretary of Haryana, Secretary of the Department of Personnel and
Training (DoPT), Secretary of the Department of Financial Services, and Registrar General and Census
Commissioner of India. His tenure as Election Commissioner will last from February 2025 to February 18, 2031, in line
with the legal framework governing the appointment.
• Given the upcoming retirements of current Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar and Election Commissioner
Sukhbir Singh Sandhu, Joshi may become the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) in 2029, overseeing the 2029 Lok
Sabha elections.
V Anantha Nageswaran’s Term as Chief Economic Advisor Extended to March 2027
• V. Anantha Nageswaran’s tenure as Chief Economic Advisor (CEA) has been extended until March 2027, as approved by
the Union Cabinet under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• Nageswaran has been instrumental in advising the government on economic policies and drafting the Economic Survey,
which projected GDP growth of 6.3%-6.8% for the FY26. India’s economy has shown signs of a slowdown, with GDP
growth dropping to 5.4% in the September quarter of the previous year, marking the slowest growth in nearly two years.

153
• Before his appointment as CEA, Nageswaran held key positions at Credit Suisse, Julius Baer, and was a member of the
Prime Minister’s Economic Advisory Council (PM-EAC). His expertise, both in academia and the corporate sector,
reinforces his crucial role in shaping India’s economic future.
Kash Patel Sworn in as the Ninth Director of the FBI, Takes Oath on Bhagavad Gita
• Kash Patel was sworn in as the ninth Director of the FBI on February 21, 2025, taking the oath on the Bhagavad Gita at
a ceremony attended by family, friends, and notable Republican figures. The oath was administered by U.S. Attorney
General Pam Bondi.
• Patel’s appointment was confirmed by a narrow Senate vote of 51-49, with opposition from some Republicans, such as
Susan Collins and Lisa Murkowski.
• While Patel’s swearing-in on the Bhagavad Gita attracted attention, he is not the first Indian-American to do so;
Congressman Suhash Subrahmanyam had previously taken the oath on the same text.
• Patel takes over an FBI in turmoil, with recent personnel changes and a contentious history with former FBI Director
Christopher Wray. Many Republicans view Patel as a reformer to counter what they see as political bias in law enforcement.
• Patel’s plans for the FBI include decentralizing operations, with a move to relocate 1,500 FBI employees from
Washington, D.C. to field offices across the country, including a new facility in Huntsville, Alabama.
• Before his appointment, Patel served as a counterterrorism prosecutor and held national security roles during the Trump
administration. He was nominated by Trump in November 2024 after Christopher Wray’s resignation.
Shaktikanta Das Appointed Principal Secretary-2 to PM Modi
• Shaktikanta Das, a retired IAS officer and former RBI Governor, has been appointed as Principal Secretary-2 to Prime
Minister Narendra Modi.
• Das is the first to hold this position with extensive expertise in both fiscal and monetary policy, making his appointment
particularly significant as India faces challenges like trade wars, rupee volatility, and an economic slowdown. His tenure
will align with Prime Minister Modi's term or until further orders.
• Das served as RBI Governor from December 2018 to December 2024 and previously held key roles in the Ministry of
Finance, including Revenue Secretary, Economic Affairs Secretary, and Fertilisers Secretary.
• As RBI Governor, Das managed financial stability during crises such as the IL&FS collapse, the Russia-Ukraine war, and
COVID-19, with significant policy decisions including repo rate cuts and a loan moratorium.
• He played a crucial role in banking sector reforms, reducing Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA) from 10.8% in 2018
to 2.8% in 2024. Das also led the demonetization process in 2016, was involved in budget planning, and served as a key
official for the 15th Finance Commission and G20 Sherpa in 2017.
Vijender Gupta Elected Speaker of Delhi Assembly
• Vijender Gupta, a BJP leader, was elected as the Speaker of the Delhi Legislative Assembly on February 20, 2025.
Gupta’s election is politically significant, as he was expelled from the same Assembly in 2015 during his tenure as the
Leader of Opposition, marking a major turnaround in his career.
• He has had a long political journey, starting as a municipal councillor and representing Rohini in the Delhi Assembly for
multiple terms. He served as Leader of Opposition from 2015 to 2020, often clashing with the AAP government.
• As Speaker, Gupta has pledged to uphold democratic values and ensure fair proceedings. His immediate priority is to
present 14 pending Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) reports, which were not tabled under the previous
administration, aiming for greater transparency in governance.
Tuhin Kanta Pandey Appointed as 11th SEBI Chairperson
• Tuhin Kanta Pandey has been appointed as the 11th Chairperson of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
for a three-year term, starting March 1, 2025, succeeding Madhabi Puri Buch.
• Pandey, a 1987-batch IAS officer from the Odisha cadre, previously served as Finance Secretary and has held several key
positions, including Secretary of Civil Aviation and Head of DIPAM, where he played a major role in the Air India sale and
LIC’s public listing.
• His appointment comes at a critical time when the Indian stock market is facing challenges, such as a significant capital
outflow of ₹1.13 lakh crore due to foreign portfolio investor (FPI) withdrawals in 2025.
• Pandey holds a Master’s in Economics from Panjab University and an MBA from the UK. He will focus on regulating
capital markets, enhancing investor protection, improving corporate governance, and attracting both foreign and
domestic investments.

154
• Key priorities during his tenure include strengthening market stability, enforcing stricter compliance measures, focusing
on digital compliance and AI-driven regulations, and improving transparency in IPO processes. Pandey’s leadership is
expected to revamp SEBI’s role, enhancing its efficiency in managing market volatility and bolstering confidence among
investors.
Senior Advocate Manan Kumar Mishra Re-Elected as Chairman of Bar Council of India
• Manan Kumar Mishra, a Senior Advocate, has been re-elected as the Chairman of the Bar Council of India (BCI) for a
seventh consecutive term. Mishra’s leadership is bolstered by strong trust from the legal community, and he also serves as
a BJP Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha from Bihar.
• Following his re-election, Mishra emphasized his commitment to advocate welfare and maintaining the Bar’s
independence while implementing necessary reforms. His key initiatives include:
Introduction of the Advocates Amendment Bill to safeguard the profession’s integrity and welfare.
Strengthening the autonomy of the Bar.
Launching structured training programs for young lawyers.
Implementing the Advocate Protection Act to ensure security for legal professionals.
Enhancing financial and social security for advocates.
• The BCI Vice Chairman election is ongoing, with S. Prabhakaran (Tamil Nadu & Puducherry) and Ved Prakash Sharma
(Delhi) contesting the position.
• A national meeting of advocate representatives and State Bar Councils will be held in Delhi on May 17, focusing on
advocate welfare schemes, the Advocate Protection Act, and legal policy discussions.
Kirsty Coventry Elected First Woman and African President of IOC
• On March 20, 2025, Kirsty Coventry of Zimbabwe was elected President of the International Olympic Committee
(IOC) during the 144th IOC Session in Costa Navarino, Greece.
• Coventry received 49 out of 97 votes in the first round, defeating Juan Antonio Samaranch Jr. (28 votes) and Sebastian
Coe (8 votes). She becomes the first woman and first African to lead the IOC. A seven-time Olympic medallist, including
two golds, Coventry is a celebrated former Olympic swimmer.
• She previously served as Zimbabwe’s Minister of Youth, Sport, Arts, and Recreation and chaired the IOC Athletes’
Commission (2018–2021). Coventry will officially succeed Thomas Bach on June 23, 2025, following his 12-year
tenure.

SPORTS
Pankaj Advani Wins 2025 Asian Snooker Championship
• Pankaj Advani won the 2025 Asian Snooker Championship men's title by defeating Amir Sarkosh of Iran 4-1 in the final.
This win marked his 14th Asian title across various snooker and billiards formats. He defeated Chang Yu Kiu of Hong
Kong, China in the semifinal.
• Advani has won five Asian snooker titles in 15-red, 6-reds, and team formats, and nine Asian billiards titles. He is also a
two-time Asian Games gold medallist (Doha 2006 and Guangzhou 2010). The championship was held in Doha, Qatar
from February 15-21, 2025, and organized by the Asian Confederation of Billiards Sports (ACBS).
• In the women’s category, Narantuya Bayarsaikhan of Mongolia defeated Ng On Yee of Hong Kong, China. In the men’s
under-21 category, Shaheen Sabzi of Iran beat Zihao Dong of China in the final. Dhruv Patel of India reached the
semifinals in the under-21 category.
• ACBS, established in 1984, governs non-professional English billiards and snooker in Asia, with 25 member federations.
The ACBS is headquartered in Doha, Qatar, and its current president is Mohamed Salem Al-Nuaimi.
Vidarbha Clinch Their Third Ranji Trophy Title in Seven Seasons
• Vidarbha won their third Ranji Trophy title in seven seasons after defeating Kerala in the 2024-25 final on the basis of
a first-innings lead. The final was held at Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium, Nagpur, and ended in a draw with
Vidarbha scoring 379 to Kerala’s 342 in the first innings. Karun Nair was a key performer, scoring 86 in the first innings
and 135 in the second.

155
• Danish Malewar, aged 21, scored a century in the first innings and was named Player of the Match. Harsh Dubey set a
new Ranji Trophy record with 69 wickets in a single season, surpassing Ashutosh Aman’s previous record of 68, and also
contributed 476 runs with five fifties.
• Vidarbha had a dominant season, winning 6 out of 7 league matches, securing 40 points, and achieving outright wins in
the quarterfinal against Tamil Nadu and the semifinal against Mumbai. On the final day, Vidarbha extended their lead to
412 runs, with Darshan Nalkande remaining unbeaten on 51 and Danish Malewar contributing 73 in the second innings.
• Vidarbha's previous Ranji titles came in 2017-18 and 2018-19, and this win signifies their resurgence in domestic red-
ball cricket. The team’s success highlights a balanced mix of experience and youth, positioning players like Harsh Dubey
and Danish Malewar as emerging stars for Indian cricket.
Mumbai Indians Win Second WPL Title with 8-Run Victory Over Delhi Capitals
• On March 15, 2025, the Mumbai Indians (MI) secured their second Women's Premier League (WPL) title, defeating the
Delhi Capitals (DC) by 8 runs at Brabourne Stadium, Mumbai.
• MI scored 149/7 in 20 overs, with captain Harmanpreet Kaur top-scoring 66 off 44 balls, anchoring the innings with key
boundaries. DC, chasing 150, ended at 141/9, falling short despite determined efforts from their batters.
• Natalie Sciver-Brunt delivered a crucial bowling performance, taking 3 wickets for 30 runs in 4 overs, pivotal in
restricting DC’s chase. This win marks MI’s second WPL title in three seasons, repeating their 2023 victory over DC at
the same venue.
Ministry Releases Draft National Code Against Age Fraud in Sports (NCAAFS) 2025
• The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports released the draft NCAAFS 2025 to ensure fairness and integrity in Indian
sports by curbing age fraud. Athletes must submit three documents for mandatory age verification, with details digitally
locked in a centralized database to prevent tampering.
• In case of disputes, age will be verified through medical tests, including TW3 method, MRI, and AI-based bone
assessments; appeals can be made to a designated medical panel.
• First-time violators face a two-year ban and loss of titles, while repeat offenders receive a lifetime ban and may face
legal action; coaches and officials involved face suspension or debarment.
• A whistle-blower platform with confidential reporting and a reward system will be introduced. A six-month amnesty
window will allow athletes to self-declare correct age without penalties, followed by performance review and
reassignment.
• The code provides a two-tier appeals process through Regional Appellate Panels and the Central Appeals Committee
(CAC). NSFs must appoint Integrity Officers to verify documents and report violations; a QR-enabled ID card will be
issued post-verification and stored in DigiLocker.
• A national database, integrated with NSRS, will be created in compliance with the Digital Personal Data Protection Act,
2023. The code applies to all athletes, coaches, officials, and sports entities under NSFs, SAI, PSUs, and NGOs engaged
in sports development.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Microsoft’s Majorana 1: Quantum Computing Breakthrough
• Microsoft has introduced Majorana 1, a quantum chip that uses topological qubits to improve stability and scalability
in quantum computing. The chip is built using topological superconductors that enable the creation and control of
Majorana particles, which form the topological qubits, offering greater robustness against errors compared to
traditional qubits.
• Majorana 1 aims to reduce the need for error correction, making quantum computing more practical and scalable by
allowing for millions of qubits to work together effectively. The chip features a fully digital control mechanism, using
voltage pulses to manage qubit states, instead of relying on delicate analog tuning, which reduces errors and simplifies
quantum operations.
• This advancement could lead to large-scale quantum computing, enabling complex tasks like simulations, encryption,
and optimization that are challenging for classical supercomputers. The introduction of Majorana 1 is seen as a significant
milestone, with the potential to revolutionize industries such as cryptography, artificial intelligence, and materials
science by solving problems beyond the capabilities of classical systems.

156
ISRO Develops World’s Largest Vertical Propellant Mixer
• ISRO has developed the world’s largest 10-tonne vertical planetary mixer for solid propellant production, in collaboration
with the Central Manufacturing Technology Institute (CMTI) in Bengaluru.
• The mixer, weighing approximately 150 tonnes and measuring 5.4 meters in length, 3.3 meters in breadth, and 8.7 meters
in height, is designed to improve the efficiency, safety, and productivity of solid rocket motor manufacturing. The mixer is
equipped with multiple hydrostatic agitators, and operates remotely using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)-
based control system, with SCADA monitoring.
• It was formally handed over on February 13, 2025, at CMTI, Bengaluru, where the Director of ISRO’s Satish Dhawan
Space Centre (SDSC) received it. This development enhances India’s self-reliance in the space sector and underscores the
country’s growing technological capabilities in solid propellant production.
First Astronaut with Disability Cleared for ISS Mission
• John McFall, a 43-year-old British former Paralympian, has become the first astronaut with a disability approved for long-
duration missions to the International Space Station (ISS).
• McFall lost his right leg in a motorcycle accident at age 19 and went on to win a bronze medal in the 100m sprint at the
2008 Beijing Paralympics. He later pursued a career in medicine as a trauma and orthopaedic surgeon.
• In 2022, McFall was selected by the European Space Agency (ESA) for its “Fly! Feasibility” study, which assessed the
viability of astronauts with disabilities in space. The study explored over 80 challenges, including the functionality of
prosthetic limbs in microgravity and emergency evacuation procedures from the ISS.
• The study concluded that a lower-limb amputee can safely train for, participate in, and return from long-duration missions.
McFall’s certification marks a significant step toward making space exploration more inclusive, challenging traditional
physical requirements for astronauts.
• Although McFall is medically cleared for spaceflight, he has not yet been assigned to a specific mission. He remains part of
ESA’s astronaut reserve, with opportunities for potential assignments, including in private space missions such as those
by Axiom Space.
Moon’s South Pole
Indian scientists have created the first detailed geological map of the Moon’s south pole using data from the
Chandrayaan-3 mission. The map reveals a diverse terrain, including highlands, lowland plains, and secondary craters,
with an estimated age of 3.7 billion years, corresponding to the time when early microbial life was emerging on Earth.
• The map also traces crater alignments, showing that debris from the Schomberger crater influenced the surface around
the Chandrayaan-3 landing site.
• This breakthrough helps understand the lunar impact history and provides valuable insights into the Moon’s geological
evolution. Chandrayaan-3’s Pragyan rover detected traces of ancient magma, supporting the lunar magma hypothesis
that the Moon was once covered by a molten lava ocean.
• The map enhances knowledge of lunar geology and will assist in planning future lunar missions, including safe landing
sites and resource exploration. This research also lays the groundwork for human settlements on the Moon, with a focus
on areas like the south pole, which may contain frozen water in shadowed craters.
India’s First Hyperloop Test Track: A High-Speed Revolution
• IIT Madras and Indian Railways have launched India’s first hyperloop test track, a 422-meter facility designed to
develop ultra-fast travel using electromagnetically levitated pods inside vacuum tubes.
• The technology reduces air resistance, enabling speeds of up to 1,200 km/h, which could cut intercity travel times to just
30 minutes, for routes like Delhi to Jaipur or Bengaluru to Chennai. The project is a collaboration between the Indian
government and academia, with funding from the Ministry of Railways and a $1 million grant to accelerate research and
testing.
• The next phase involves identifying a 40-50 km stretch for full-scale implementation, with plans for commercial
deployment if the pilot tests are successful. The test track is a crucial step in making hyperloop travel a reality in India,
positioning the country at the forefront of futuristic transportation technology.
IndiaAI Mission: Union IT Minister Launches Compute Portal and AIKosha Dataset Platform
• Union IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw launched the IndiaAI Compute Portal and the AIKosha Dataset Platform as part
of the IndiaAI Mission to boost AI accessibility and innovation in India.

157
• The IndiaAI Compute Portal provides access to 18,000+ GPUs, cloud storage, and AI-related services, supporting students,
startups, researchers, academia, and government departments. It offers affordable AI computing (below ₹100 per hour),
aiming to develop India’s own foundational AI model.
• The AIKosha Dataset Platform serves as a one-stop resource for accessing high-quality, non-personal datasets for AI
model training. It also offers tools, mentorship, and resources for AI developers, enabling the creation of India-specific AI
models.
• The government received 67 applications for developing India’s foundational AI model, with a vision to build AI at a
lower cost, similar to the cost-effective approach of Chandrayaan. India plans to develop its own GPUs in the next 3-4
years.
• Additional initiatives include the AI Competency Framework for public sector officials, the India AI Startups Global
Acceleration Programme to support global expansion of AI startups, and the India AI Fellowship Programme recognizing
top AI students and applications.
• The IndiaAI Mission has a budget of ₹10,371.92 crore, approved by the Union Cabinet in March 2023, and is focused on
fostering AI research, development, and public-private partnerships for AI innovation across sectors like healthcare,
agriculture, education, and governance.
Gandiva Air-to-Air Missile Renamed and Enhanced by DRDO
• The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has renamed the Astra MK-III missile as Gandiva,
inspired by Arjuna’s bow from the Mahabharata. Gandiva uses a Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet (SFDR) engine, enabling
sustained supersonic speeds and extended range.
• It has a maximum range of 340 km at 20 km altitude, and 190 km at 8 km altitude. Launch speed varies from Mach 0.8
to 2.2, and it can intercept targets flying at Mach 2.0 to 3.6.
• It can engage fighter jets, bombers, military transport aircraft, refueling planes, and AWACS, with a ±10 km snap-
up/snap-down capability and up to 20° angle of attack. Gandiva will be integrated with the IAF’s Su-30MKI and LCA Tejas
platforms
• Its range surpasses that of China’s PL-15 (300 km) and U.S. AIM-174 (240 km), making it one of the longest-range BVR
missiles globally. It has passed ground tests including booster and nozzleless booster trials, with flight tests planned
from Su-30MKI and Tejas aircraft.
Chandrayaan-3 Detects Subsurface Ice on the Moon
• Chandrayaan-3 has detected ice deposits just centimeters beneath the Moon’s surface, mainly in the polar regions. The
ChaSTE probe on the Vikram lander recorded extreme surface temperatures, reaching up to 82°C during the day and
dropping to -170°C at night.
• These large temperature variations indicate conditions suitable for ice formation beneath the surface. Localized
variations due to surface texture and solar exposure suggest ice may exist in more regions than previously estimated.
• Slopes with angles over 14° facing away from the Sun are likely cool enough to support ice accumulation. The discovery
is significant for future missions, aiding understanding of lunar geology and providing a potential resource for human
exploration and habitation.
NASA Launches PUNCH Mission to Study Sun’s Corona and Solar Wind
• On March 12, 2025, NASA launched the Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere (PUNCH) mission to study
the Sun’s outer atmosphere and solar wind. The mission deployed four microsatellites into low Earth orbit to conduct
continuous imaging of the inner solar system.
• It aims to create global, 3D observations of the Sun’s corona and its transformation into solar wind, aiding research on
solar phenomena and space weather
• One satellite features a Narrow Field Imager (NFI) with a coronagraph to image the solar corona, while the other three
carry Wide Field Imagers (WFIs) to observe the heliosphere
• Key objectives include studying solar wind formation and analyzing transient structures like coronal mass ejections
(CMEs). PUNCH is the first mission to employ light polarization to measure the corona and solar wind in 3D.
India Demonstrates Satellite Docking and Undocking, Joins Elite Global Group
• India, through ISRO’s Space Docking Experiment (SpaDEx), has successfully demonstrated satellite docking and
undocking, becoming the fourth nation after the U.S., Russia, and China to achieve this milestone.

158
• The mission involved two 220-kg satellites named 'Chaser' and 'Target', launched on December 30, 2024, via PSLV-C60.
Docking was successfully conducted on January 16, 2025, marking India’s entry into in-space docking capability.
• After over 120 simulations, undocking was achieved on March 13, 2025, at 9:20 AM IST, on the first attempt. This
advancement is vital for satellite servicing, space station operations, and interplanetary missions.
• It supports future projects including Gaganyaan and India’s planned space station. ISRO Chairman Dr. V Narayanan
credited the success to extensive planning and precision, reaffirming ISRO’s commitment to space technology
innovation.
Government Approves Chandrayaan-5 Mission to Advance Lunar Exploration
• On March 16, 2025, ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan announced the Indian government's approval of the Chandrayaan-5
mission. The mission will deploy a 250 kg lunar rover for detailed surface studies, a major upgrade from the 25 kg rover
in earlier missions.
• ISRO will collaborate with Japan, underscoring international cooperation in space exploration. Chandrayaan-5 follows
the success of Chandrayaan-3, which achieved a south pole soft landing in August 2023.
• The program will be succeeded by Chandrayaan-4, set for launch in 2027, aimed at returning lunar samples to Earth.
Airtel and Jio Partner with SpaceX to Launch Starlink in India
• Bharti Airtel and Reliance Jio have partnered with Elon Musk’s SpaceX to introduce Starlink satellite internet services
in India, subject to regulatory approval. Airtel announced its collaboration with SpaceX, followed by Jio’s agreement to
distribute Starlink through its retail network.
• The service aims to expand high-speed internet access in remote and underserved regions, supporting businesses,
education, and healthcare. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has proposed a five-year license period
for satellite broadband, opposing Starlink’s request for a 20-year license.
India’s First CAR T-Cell Therapy Trial Shows 73% Success Rate in Blood Cancer Patients
• India’s first clinical trial of CAR T-cell therapy demonstrated a 73% response rate among patients with relapsed or
refractory B-cell malignancies including leukaemia and lymphoma.
• The trial involved 64 patients aged 15 to 57, with 51 evaluable, showing either cancer regression or remission. The
procedure included leukapheresis, genetic modification of T-cells to express CD19-targeting CARs, and reinfusion of
the engineered cells.
• Common severe side effects were neutropenia (96%), thrombocytopenia (65%), and anaemia (61%). Cytokine
Release Syndrome (CRS) was observed in 68%, though no cases of ICANS were reported.
• There were two treatment-related deaths from febrile neutropenia and pulmonary haemorrhage. The therapy,
talicabtagene autoleucel (NexCAR19), is priced at ₹25 lakh (USD 30,000)—far lower than international alternatives
costing over ₹8 crore (USD 1 million).
Aditya-L1 Mission Captures First-Ever Solar Flare Kernel in NUV Wavelength
• On February 22, 2024, ISRO’s Aditya-L1 mission captured the first-ever image of a solar flare kernel in the photosphere
and chromosphere, using the SUIT (Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope).
• The observation of an X6.3-class flare in the Near Ultra-Violet (200-400 nm) marked a scientific milestone, offering new
insights into solar flare dynamics and their influence on space weather.
• Launched on September 2, 2023, aboard PSLV-C57. Orbit: Reached Lagrange Point 1 (L1) on January 6, 2024—1.5 million
km from Earth—for uninterrupted solar observation.
Instruments used SUIT (NUV imaging), SoLEXS and HEL1OS (X-ray spectrometry).
• SUIT’s NUV imaging revealed energy transmission from lower layers (photosphere/chromosphere) to the solar corona,
confirming a direct correlation between flare brightening and coronal temperature rise. Validated long-held theories
about flare energy deposition and expanded knowledge of solar atmospheric layers.
• These observations are critical as UV/X-ray wavelengths cannot be captured from Earth, making Aditya-L1’s L1
location essential for solar science.
• Aditya-L1 is India’s first solar observatory in space, placing India among elite nations conducting advanced heliophysics
research.

159
BOOKS AND AUTHORS
Kailash Satyarthi’s Autobiography ‘Diyaslai’ Discussed at IGNCA
• The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA), in collaboration with the Satyarthi Movement for Global
Compassion, hosted a literary event on March 1, 2025, discussing Diyaslai, the autobiography of Nobel Peace laureate
Kailash Satyarthi.
• Diyaslai chronicles Satyarthi’s journey from Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, to becoming a global icon in the fight against child
labor and exploitation.
• The book covers his leadership of the Global March Against Child Labour, which reached 186 countries, highlighting his
international advocacy for child rights and education.
• Satyarthi emphasizes compassion as a democratic value, calling literature a means to awaken empathy and action for
social justice. He reflects on the paradox of global prosperity failing to address urgent human issues, reiterating his lifelong
commitment to children's freedom and global equity.
‘March of Glory’ Launched to Mark 50 Years of India’s 1975 Hockey World Cup Victory
• The book ‘March of Glory’ was launched on March 18, 2025, at Shivaji Stadium, New Delhi, to commemorate the Golden
Jubilee of India’s 1975 Hockey World Cup victory.
• Co-authored by hockey historian K. Arumugam and journalist Errol D’Cruz, the book documents India’s journey to its
historic win in Kuala Lumpur on March 15, 1975.
• It features key match summaries, player quotes, statistics, and over 250 rare photographs, including India’s loss to
Argentina, dramatic comebacks, and final win over Pakistan.
• The event was attended by Hockey India President Dilip Tirkey, 1975 heroes Ashok Kumar (who scored the winning
goal) and H. J. S. Chimni, along with Olympians and 300 young players from One Thousand Hockey Legs (OTHL).
• Dilip Tirkey emphasized the need for literature on Indian hockey and praised the book for preserving its rich legacy and
inspiring future generations

IMPORTANT DAYS
Zero Discrimination Day 2025 Observed with Theme “We Stand Together”
• Zero Discrimination Day 2025 was observed on March 1, promoting equality, inclusion, and the right to live free from
discrimination. Initiated by UNAIDS in 2014, the day focuses on eliminating stigma and discriminatory practices,
especially against marginalized communities.
• The 2025 theme, “We Stand Together,” emphasizes the vital role of community-led efforts in sustaining the HIV
response and advancing global health.
• UNAIDS called for legal recognition, sustainable funding, and protection of community organizations from
discrimination and harassment. 41 countries support the Global Partnership to eliminate HIV-related stigma, but funding
cuts and legal barriers remain challenges.
• Notable global advocacy efforts include LGBTQ+ rights in India, HIV awareness in Liberia, and remembrance campaigns
by Armenian Americans in the USA. The day urges countries to end criminalization, gender inequality, and strengthen
human rights protections to meet the 2030 HIV goals.
World Wildlife Day 2025 Observed with Theme “Wildlife Conservation Finance: Investing in People and Planet”
• World Wildlife Day 2025 was observed on March 3, marking the anniversary of the Convention on International Trade
in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) adopted in 1973.
• The 2025 theme, “Wildlife Conservation Finance: Investing in People and Planet,” emphasizes the need for financial
investments in long-term conservation efforts and sustainable biodiversity protection.
• Initiated by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 2013 following a proposal by Thailand, the day raises global
awareness about wildlife protection and biodiversity loss. CITES, signed by 184 countries, regulates the global trade of
wildlife and provides protection to over 38,000 species, preventing their overexploitation.
• Key global activities included educational workshops, advocacy campaigns, policy dialogues, community-based
projects, and wildlife sponsorship programs. The day served as a reminder of the growing threats from climate change,
habitat destruction, and pollution, and called for urgent global action to reverse biodiversity loss by 2030.

160
World Consumer Rights Day 2025 Observed on March 15 with Theme “A Just Transition to Sustainable Lifestyles”
• World Consumer Rights Day 2025 was observed globally on March 15 (Saturday) to promote consumer rights, ensure
fair marketplace practices, and raise awareness on ethical and sustainable consumption.
• The 2025 theme, “A Just Transition to Sustainable Lifestyles,” emphasizes making eco-friendly choices accessible while
ensuring the protection of consumer rights and promoting responsible consumption.
• The observance was inspired by U.S. President John F. Kennedy’s 1962 speech that outlined four basic consumer rights:
Safety, Information, Choice, and Being Heard.
• First celebrated in 1983, the day now serves as a platform for governments, regulatory bodies, and consumer
organizations to strengthen consumer protection laws and ensure corporate accountability.
• Focus areas include affordable access to sustainable products, fighting misleading advertisements, and promoting
climate-friendly consumption habits. Activities included awareness campaigns, consumer rights workshops, social
media movements, and advocacy for fair digital practices, including cybersecurity and data privacy.
International Day of Happiness 2025 Celebrated Globally on March 20
• The International Day of Happiness 2025 was observed on March 20 to promote happiness and well-being as core
human goals, emphasizing the importance of sustainable development and social equity.
• The United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 66/281 on July 12, 2012, officially declaring March 20 as the
annual day of observance. The initiative was spearheaded by Bhutan, which introduced the concept of Gross National
Happiness (GNH) as an alternative to GDP in the 1970s.
• The day aims to encourage governments and organizations to incorporate happiness-focused policies, uphold human
rights, ensure equal opportunities, and align with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• Key SDGs linked to happiness include No Poverty (SDG 1), Good Health and Well-being (SDG 3), Quality Education (SDG
4), Gender Equality (SDG 5), and Decent Work (SDG 8).
International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 2025 Marks 60 Years of ICERD
• The International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 2025 was observed on March 21, commemorating
the 60th anniversary of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
(ICERD), adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 21, 1965
• The date marks the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960, where 69 people were killed during a peaceful anti-apartheid protest
in South Africa, sparking global action against racial injustice.
• ICERD, the first UN human rights treaty, mandates global efforts to eliminate racial discrimination, criminalize racist acts,
and promote racial equality in law and practice.
• Over 60 years, major achievements include the abolition of apartheid, establishment of legal frameworks, and global
initiatives like the Durban Declaration (2001) and the International Decade for People of African Descent (2015–
2024).
International Day of Forests 2025 Observed on March 21 with Theme “Forests and Food”
• The International Day of Forests 2025 was celebrated on March 21, focusing on the theme “Forests and Food”, which
emphasizes the vital role of forests in ensuring nutrition, food security, and sustainable livelihoods.
• Established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2012, the day raises awareness about forest conservation,
ecological balance, and sustainable development.
• Forests are essential for oxygen production, biodiversity, medicinal resources, and livelihoods—particularly for
indigenous and rural communities.
• In India, key government initiatives supporting forest conservation include:
1. National Agroforestry Policy (2014): Promotes climate-resilient farming by integrating trees and crops; implemented by
ICAR-CAFRI with support from ICFRE, CSIR, and others.
2. Green India Mission (GIM): A part of NAPCC, aims to expand and improve 10 million hectares of forest/tree cover and
enhance ecosystem services and rural livelihoods.
3. Forest Fire Prevention & Management Scheme: Aims to reduce forest fires using remote sensing, GIS, GPS, and real-
time alerts; supported by the Forest Survey of India and coordinated by a Crisis Management Group.
4. Pradhan Mantri Van Dhan Yojana (PMVDY): Launched in 2018 to enhance tribal livelihoods through Van Dhan Vikas
Kendras, which facilitate processing, branding, and marketing of Minor Forest Produce (MFPs).

161
OBITUARIES
Legendary Odissi Dancer Mayadhar Raut Passes Away at 92
• Renowned Odissi maestro Mayadhar Raut, known as the “Father of Odissi dance,” passed away at the age of 92 on
February 22, 2025, at his home in Delhi, due to natural causes. Born on July 6, 1933, in Odisha, Raut began training in
Gotipua at the age of 7 and was the first to perform it on stage in 1944.
• He played a pivotal role in the revival and codification of Odissi dance during the 1950s, introducing Sanchari Bhava,
Mudra Viniyoga, and the Rasa Theory into its structure. Raut co-founded Kala Vikas Kendra in 1952 and Jayantika
Association in 1959, laying the foundation for modern Odissi dance education.
Russian Chess Grandmaster Boris Spassky Passes Away at 88
• Boris Spassky, the 10th World Chess Champion, passed away at the age of 88, as confirmed by FIDE general director
Emil Sutovsky. Born in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Spassky became an International Grandmaster in 1955 and
clinched the World Championship title in 1969 by defeating Tigran Petrosian.
• He is best remembered for the 1972 "Match of the Century" in Reykjavik against Bobby Fischer, where he lost the title
12.5–8.5, but gained worldwide admiration for his gracious sportsmanship. In 1978, Spassky moved to France, became
a citizen, and represented the country in three Chess Olympiads (1984, 1986, 1988).
Nobel Laureate Daniel Kahneman Chooses Assisted Suicide at 90 in Switzerland
• Daniel Kahneman, Nobel Prize-winning psychologist and economist, chose assisted suicide in Switzerland at the age
of 90, despite being in relatively good health, to avoid the challenges of advanced age.
• He spent his final days in Paris with loved ones before traveling to Switzerland, where assisted dying is legal under
specific conditions. He is best known for his 2011 book "Thinking, Fast and Slow", a seminal work on human decision-
making.
• Kahneman, an Israeli-American, won the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for integrating
psychological insights into economics, notably through prospect theory with Amos Tversky.
• In India, active euthanasia remains illegal, while passive euthanasia has been legal under specific conditions since
Supreme Court rulings in 2011 and 2018. The 2018 judgment allowed for advance directives (living wills), and in
January 2023, the process for implementing them was further streamlined by the Supreme Court.

RANKINGS
Women Billionaires Global List 2025: Forbes Billionaire Rankings Unveiled
• According to the Forbes Billionaire List 2024, women now make up 13.3% of the global billionaire population. The top
10 richest women in the world have collectively amassed over $500 billion in net worth, reflecting their growing influence
across various sectors.
• Alice Walton, heiress to the Walmart fortune, tops the list with a staggering $112.5 billion, followed by Francoise
Bettencourt Meyers of L’Oreal and Julia Koch of Koch Industries, both commanding fortunes over $74 billion.
• Indian billionaire Savitri Jindal of the JSW Group ranks 7th with $32.3 billion, sharing her spot with MacKenzie Scott, ex-
wife of Jeff Bezos.
• The list features a blend of inherited and self-made wealth, with industries ranging from retail, shipping, and
pharmaceuticals to hedge funds and steel manufacturing.
Top Cleanest Cities in India: Indore Featured for the 7th Time
• Indore has once again been ranked India’s cleanest city in the Swachh Survekshan 2024, marking its 7th consecutive
win. The rankings were announced in the 9th edition of the Swachh Survekshan survey, launched by Housing and Urban
Affairs Minister Manohar Lal Khattar.
• The survey introduced the Super Swachh League, recognizing top cities based on population categories and consistent
performance over the past three years. Top Cleanest Cities (Population-wise):
○ Very Small Cities: Panchgani (Maharashtra), Patan (Gujarat)
○ Small Cities: Vita, Sasvad (Maharashtra)
○ Medium Cities: Ambikapur (Chhattisgarh), Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh)
○ Big Cities: Noida (UP), Chandigarh

162
○ Million-Plus Cities: Indore, Navi Mumbai, Surat, New Delhi Municipal Council
• Indore’s success is due to 100% door-to-door waste collection, Bio-CNG plant, AI-driven garbage monitoring, and
strong citizen engagement. The initiative encourages transparency, sustainability, and innovation in sanitation, setting
benchmarks for cleanliness across India.
Top 10 Most and Least Expensive Passports in 2025
• In 2025, passport costs vary significantly across countries, influenced by factors like security features, diplomatic reach,
and administrative fees. Mexico issues the world’s most expensive passport at ₹19,481.75 ($230.85) for 10 years with
access to 162 countries, followed by Australia (₹19,047.14 / $225.70, 190 countries) and the USA (₹13,911.92 / $164.85,
189 countries). Other high-cost nations include New Zealand, Italy, Canada, the UK, and Fiji, all offering broad visa-free
travel access.
• In contrast, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) offers the cheapest passport globally at ₹1,493.73 ($17.70), followed by
India at ₹1,524.95 ($18.07), with visa-free access to 62 countries. Other affordable passports include those from Hungary,
South Africa, Spain, Poland, and Brazil, many with strong global mobility.
• As per the Henley Passport Index 2025, India ranks 82nd, offering access to 73 destinations. Despite limited access,
India’s passport is notable for being the second most affordable globally.
Top 10 Most Valuable Indian Brands of 2025
• As per the Brand Finance Global 500 Report 2025, Indian brands are making global strides, contributing 1.7% of the
total global brand value. Tata Group leads as India’s most valuable brand, followed by Infosys, HDFC, and LIC.
• Tata Group tops the list with a brand valuation of $31.6 billion, ranked 60th globally, marking a 10% rise. Infosys holds
$16.3 billion in brand value, ranked 132nd, and leads IT services with the highest CAGR.
• HDFC Group, valued at $14.2 billion, ranks 164th, debuting as a major banking brand. LIC is India’s fastest-growing
brand with a 36% surge, valued at $13.3 billion, ranked 177th. Reliance Group, worth $9.8 billion, ranks 237th, driving
growth in energy, telecom, and digital services.
• SBI Group, at $9.6 billion, ranks 241st, remaining a banking leader with a strong digital push. HCLTech, with $8.9 billion,
ranks 262nd, excelling in AI and cybersecurity. Airtel is valued at $7.7 billion, ranked 292nd, leading India’s telecom
market. Larsen & Toubro (L&T) debuts with $7.4 billion, ranked 316th, known for infrastructure and smart cities.
Mahindra Group, at $7.2 billion and ranked 330th, shines in automobiles and sustainability.
India Ranks 4th in Global Wealth Rankings: Knight Frank’s Wealth Report 2025
• Knight Frank released the 19th edition of The Wealth Report 2025 in March, analysing the global distribution of wealth. India
ranks 4th globally with 85,698 High Net-Worth Individuals (HNWIs) in 2024, a 6% year-on-year increase, accounting
for 3.7% of the global wealthy population.
• The top three countries are the USA (905,413 HNWIs), China (471,634), and Japan (122,119). The global HNWI
population rose by 4.4%, reaching 2.34 million in 2024.
• India ranks 3rd in the number of billionaires (191) with a combined wealth of USD 950 billion. Delhi climbed to 18th
place in luxury property rankings (from 37th), while Mumbai dropped to 28th.
• By 2028, India’s HNWI population is projected to reach 93,753 (9.4% growth). The report highlighted that 47% of new
female billionaires are under 30, signalling a gender shift in global wealth creation. Among young HNWIs, 29.8%
prefer luxury real estate, followed by 27.8% for luxury cars, and 15.1% for private jets.
India’s Free Speech Ranking in Global Index: Key Highlights from 2025 Report
• According to the 2025 global survey by U.S.-based think tank The Future of Free Speech, India ranks 24th out of 33
countries with a score of 62.6, placed between South Africa (66.9) and Lebanon (61.8). The report, titled “Who in the World
Supports Free Speech?”, found that 37% of Indians support restricting criticism of government policies—the highest
among all surveyed nations.
• Despite this, a majority of Indians believe free speech has improved, even as the actual global ranking reflects a decline
in protections. Norway (87.9) and Denmark (87.0) topped the index, while Pakistan (57.0), Indonesia (56.8), and
Malaysia (55.4) showed notable improvements.
• India is grouped with Hungary and Venezuela as exceptions—nations where public support for free speech exists despite
weak legal or institutional safeguards. Globally, support for free speech has declined since 2021, particularly in
democracies like the U.S., Japan, and Israel, highlighting the increasing tension between public perception and democratic
freedoms.

163
Glass-Ceiling Index 2025 Ranks Sweden Best for Working Women
• The Glass-Ceiling Index 2025, compiled by The Economist, assessed 29 OECD countries on gender equality in the
workplace. Sweden topped the index, surpassing Iceland, which had led for the past two years; Nordic countries
maintained top positions due to strong gender policies.
• The top 10 countries include Sweden, Iceland, Finland, Norway, Portugal, New Zealand, France, Spain, Denmark, and
Australia. The average gender wage gap stands at 11.4%, with female labor-force participation at 66.6%, compared
to 81% for men.
• Women hold 33% of corporate board positions, and parliamentary representation averages 34% across OECD
nations. Japan's female parliamentary share rose from 10% to 16%, and Britain's from 35% to 41%, while the U.S.
declined to 28.7%.
• New Zealand rose eight ranks to sixth place, and South Korea improved for the first time in 11 years, now at 28th. Japan,
Turkey, and South Korea remain at the bottom due to low female representation in leadership and entrenched gender
norms.
Global Terrorism Index 2025 Highlights Shifting Epicenters and Rising Threats
• The Global Terrorism Index (GTI) 2025, by the Institute for Economics and Peace, covers 163 countries, analyzing
terrorism trends globally. In 2024, countries with terrorist incidents rose from 58 to 66, the highest since 2018, though
deaths fell by 13% to 7,555, and attacks declined 3% to 3,492.
• 45 countries saw deteriorated terrorism scores, while 34 improved. The Sahel region emerged as the epicenter,
accounting for over 50% of global terrorism deaths, with a tenfold increase since 2019.
• Factors include weak governance, ethnic tensions, and ecological degradation, with JNIM expanding into coastal West
Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the most affected region for eight consecutive years, contributing significantly to the
95% of global deaths along with the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia.
• Nigeria recorded 565 deaths, despite fewer attacks; Boko Haram and ISWA remain active. Pakistan saw a 45% surge in
terrorism deaths, led by TTP and BLA, marking the largest annual rise in a decade. In Afghanistan, deaths dropped by
12%, but attacks rose 20%, with ISK continuing as a major threat.
Global Free Speech Survey 2024 Ranks India 24th Out of 33 Countries
• The Global Free Speech Survey 2024, conducted by The Future of Free Speech, analyzed attitudes toward free
expression across 33 countries in October 2024.
• Global support for free speech ranged from 54% to 88%, with Norway (87.9) and Denmark (87.0) leading the rankings.
• Support has declined since 2021 in several democracies, including Japan (-10.6 points), Israel (-5.7), and the U.S. (-3.2),
dropping the U.S. from 3rd to 9th place.
• Surprisingly, Hungary (85.5) and Venezuela (81.8) scored high despite being authoritarian-leaning, indicating a
disconnect between public sentiment and state policies. India ranked 24th, scoring 62.6, with general support for
free speech, but lower tolerance for criticism of the government.

SUMMIT’s AND MOU’s

India Assumes Chairmanship of Bay of Bengal Inter-Governmental Organisation
• India has assumed the Chairmanship of the Bay of Bengal Programme Inter-Governmental Organisation (BOBP-IGO)
from Bangladesh during the 13th Governing Council Meeting held in Malé, Maldives from February 20–22, 2025.
• The transition occurred during the Policy Guidance for Mainstreaming Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management
(EAFM) conference, attended by delegates from Sri Lanka, Maldives, and Bangladesh.
• Representing India, Dr. Abhilaksh Likhi, Secretary, Department of Fisheries, reaffirmed India’s commitment to sustainable
fisheries, marine resource management, and regional cooperation.
• Under its chairmanship, India will prioritize capacity building, policy innovation, tackling Illegal, Unreported, and
Unregulated (IUU) fishing, and improving livelihoods of small-scale fishers.
• The leadership aligns with the Viksit Bharat 2047 vision and is expected to strengthen partnerships with global bodies
such as FAO, SEAFDEC, and UNODC for ecosystem sustainability and economic growth in the Bay of Bengal region.

164
Advantage Assam 2.0: A New Dawn for Investment and Infrastructure
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Advantage Assam 2.0 Investment & Infrastructure Summit 2025 in
Guwahati, spotlighting Assam as a gateway to Southeast Asia.
• Major industrial players Reliance Industries and Adani Group each pledged ₹50,000 crore in investments over five years
to strengthen energy, logistics, digital infrastructure, and tourism sectors.
• Assam’s GDP growth is projected at 15.2%, with CM Himanta Biswa Sarma aiming for a $143 billion economy by 2030.
The summit attracted global delegates from Australia, South Korea, Japan, Malaysia, and Singapore, reinforcing
investor confidence in Assam’s development under the Act East Policy.
• PM Modi termed the initiative a “mega campaign” for global economic integration of the Northeast.
Union Minister Shri Manohar Lal Inaugurates GRIDCON 2025
• Union Minister Shri Manohar Lal inaugurated GRIDCON 2025 on March 9 at IICC, Yashobhoomi, New Delhi, with focus
on “Innovations in Grid Resilience. Organized by POWERGRID under the Ministry of Power, the event brought together
2,000+ delegates, 150 exhibitors, and experts from 30+ countries.
• The 3-day international conference featured technical papers, global panels, and a major tech exhibition showcasing AI-
driven grid solutions, energy storage, and smart transmission systems. Key focus areas included renewable energy
integration, grid resilience, smart asset management, and digital transformation of the power sector.
• Union Minister of State Shripad Yesso Naik and POWERGRID CMD R.K. Tyagi emphasized India's vision of modernizing
energy infrastructure and boosting smart grid technologies. GRIDCON 2025 aims to shape India’s low-carbon energy
transition and policy innovation in grid modernization.
India’s Role in the 4th ‘No Money for Terror’ (NMFT) Conference
• India participated in the 4th ‘No Money for Terror’ (NMFT) Conference held in Munich, reiterating its commitment to
global anti-terror financing collaboration. India raised concerns over cross-border fund flows, digital financial channels,
and cryptocurrency misuse in terror financing.
• Cited measures like UAPA (1967), PMLA (2002), and 2019 amendments empowering NIA for asset seizure and stronger
enforcement. Established specialized verticals in NIA (Cyber Terrorism, Explosives, Human Trafficking), and institutions
like FCORD, FIU-IND, and NATGRID for financial surveillance and intelligence sharing.
• India mandated AML/CFT compliance for Virtual Digital Asset Service Providers, ensuring enhanced crypto transaction
monitoring. Highlighted India’s role in creating a Permanent Working Group involving law enforcement, social media, and
crowdfunding platforms for better tracking of suspicious activities.
Haryana Witness Protection Scheme 2025
• The Haryana Witness Protection Scheme, 2025 was launched by Chief Minister Nayab Singh Saini to ensure the safety
of witnesses in serious criminal cases. The scheme applies to witnesses involved in cases punishable by death, life
imprisonment, or seven years or more imprisonment, including offenses under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS)
and POCSO Act, 2012.
• Witnesses are categorized into three levels of threat perception: Category A, for life-threatening risks, including for family
members; Category B, for risks to safety, reputation, or property; and Category C, for intimidation or harassment that may
affect the ability to testify.
• Protection measures include preventing contact between witnesses and the accused during investigations and trials,
monitoring communications to detect potential threats, identity concealment, including new names or professional
identities, relocation assistance within Haryana or elsewhere in India if needed, enhanced security at the witness's
residence, including CCTV, alarms, and fencing, and in-camera trials to protect witness identities during court proceedings.
• The Witness Protection Cell will be set up in each district, led by the Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) or
Superintendent of Police (SP), who will oversee protection orders, typically reviewed every three months. The scheme
aims to strengthen the legal system, ensure witness safety, and encourage fearless testimonies in the pursuit of justice.
India’s Participation in the 69th Session of UNCSW
• India actively participated in the 69th Session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (UNCSW), held at the UN
Headquarters, New York (March 10–21, 2025). The Indian delegation was led by Union Minister Smt. Annpurna Devi
(WCD Ministry), who delivered India’s National Statement at the Ministerial Forum.

165
• India emphasized a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach, focusing on health, nutrition, education, and
economic empowerment for women. Participated in Ministerial Round Tables, advocating stronger national gender
equality mechanisms and accelerated policy implementation.
• Held bilateral meetings with leaders from Sierra Leone, Uzbekistan, Guyana, and Chile, promoting international
collaboration on women’s rights. Reaffirmed its alignment with SDGs and the Beijing Platform for Action, stressing India’s
vision of holistic women and child development.
World Sustainable Development Summit (WSDS) 2025
The World Sustainable Development Summit (WSDS) 2025 was inaugurated by Union Minister Bhupender Yadav in New
Delhi, organized by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). The summit focused on strengthening global
partnerships to accelerate sustainable development and climate solutions.
• The theme of the summit was “Partnerships for Accelerating Sustainable Development and Climate Solutions”. India's
climate leadership was highlighted, with significant initiatives like the International Solar Alliance (ISA), Coalition for
Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI), and Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment).
• India’s climate achievements include a 7.93% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 and a 36% reduction
in the emission intensity of GDP from 2005 to 2020. India’s long-term vision includes the goal of Viksit Bharat 2047,
aiming for a net-zero emissions target by 2070.
• Key discussions at the summit included biodiversity conservation, climate finance, and strengthening global
cooperation. Notable international attendees included Guyana’s Prime Minister, Brigadier Mark Phillip, Brazil’s
Minister of Environment and Climate Change, Marina Silva, and Nitin Desai, Chairman of TERI.
• The summit also emphasized the need for developed nations to fulfill financial and technological commitments under
the Paris Agreement and advocated for greater adaptation finance for vulnerable regions.

ECONOMY
India’s Q3 FY25 GDP Growth Set at 6.4%- ICRA
• India’s GDP is projected to grow at 6.4% in Q3 FY25, an increase from 5.4% in the previous quarter. This growth is driven
by higher government spending and a rebound in exports. Gross Value Added (GVA) is expected to rise by 6.6%, with
industry growing at 6.2%, services at 7.7%, and agriculture at 4.0%. A notable highlight is the record $36.9 billion in
service exports in December 2024, along with a strong recovery in merchandise exports.
• Increased government spending on infrastructure and social welfare, along with a revival in exports, particularly in
services and merchandise, have significantly contributed to the economic growth. The State Bank of India (SBI) projects a
slightly lower GDP growth of 6.2% to 6.3% for Q3 FY25, driven by capital expenditure trends and improved corporate
earnings. The IMF maintains India’s growth forecast at 6.5% for FY25 and FY26.
RBI to Inject $10 Billion Through Forex Swap to Ease Liquidity Crunch
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has announced a $10 billion foreign exchange (forex) swap to ease the liquidity
crunch in the banking sector, scheduled for February 28, 2025. The forex swap involves the RBI purchasing US dollars
from banks in exchange for rupees, with an agreement to sell the dollars back at a future date. This will inject rupee liquidity
into the banking system, helping to address the ₹2 trillion liquidity deficit.
• This move follows a $5 billion forex swap in January 2025 and is expected to lower short-term interest rates, providing
relief to the banking system. The liquidity shortage has been exacerbated by RBI’s dollar sales to stabilize the rupee, as
well as the typical year-end liquidity stress faced by banks.
• Additional measures by the RBI include open market bond purchases, longer-term variable repo auctions, and interest
rate cuts to support the economy. Traders expect this forex swap to ease short-term liquidity pressures and help manage
fiscal year-end stress for banks.
Centre’s Proposal to Reduce States’ Share of Central Taxes from 2026
• The Union government is considering a proposal to reduce the share of central tax revenues allocated to states from 41%
to 40%, with implementation expected from the 2026-27 fiscal year.
• This reduction could provide the Centre with an additional ₹350 billion ($4.03 billion) in revenue. The proposal will be
submitted to the Finance Commission of India, chaired by Arvind Panagariya, and is expected to be approved by the
Union Cabinet by March 2025.

166
• The Centre’s fiscal deficit for 2024-25 is estimated at 4.8% of GDP, while states' fiscal deficit is at 3.2%, highlighting the
rising expenditure requirements of the federal government.
• The share of states in tax devolution has increased from 20% in 1980 to 41% now, and the Centre plans to adjust this to
manage its growing fiscal needs, particularly after economic slowdowns and the COVID-19 pandemic.
• States contribute to over 60% of total government spending, primarily on health, education, and welfare programs,
whereas the Centre focuses on infrastructure projects. The GST system has limited states' ability to raise additional
revenues, and reducing tax transfers could force states to reallocate spending priorities.
• The Centre is also considering imposing conditions on revenue-deficit grants to discourage states from offering freebies,
debt waivers, and cash handouts for political gain. These grants have already seen a significant decline, from ₹1.18 trillion
($13.61 billion) in 2021-22 to ₹137 billion ($1.58 billion) in 2025-26.
India’s Circular Economy: A $2 Trillion Market and 10 Million Jobs by 2050
• India’s circular economy is projected to generate over $2 trillion in market value and create 10 million jobs by 2050,
according to Union Minister Bhupender Yadav. This shift represents a move from the traditional "take, make, waste" model
to a more sustainable reuse and recycle-based system.
• India is also bidding to host the World Circular Economy Forum (WCEF) in 2026, with WCEF 2025 set to be held in São
Paulo, Brazil. Key policy initiatives include the Plastic Waste Management Rules (2016), a ban on single-use plastics
since 2022, and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) rules for plastics, e-waste, and metals recycling.
• Circular Economy Action Plans have been finalized for 10 waste categories. Notable developments include the launch of
the SBM Waste to Wealth PMS Portal, the IFC Document Reference Guide for solid waste management, and the release
of India’s Circular Sutra, a guide on the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle).
• A MoU between the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
(MoHUA) was signed to focus on research-driven solutions for urban waste management. The CEEW report on solid waste
management highlights decentralized waste solutions for growing urban areas.
• Technical visits were conducted to study a Waste-to-Energy Plant, sanitary landfill, and the Dehlawas Sewage
Treatment Plant. Delegates also visited heritage sites in Jaipur, including Hawa Mahal, City Palace, Albert Hall, and
Patrika Gate.
Retail Inflation Drops to 3.61% in February 2025, Lowest in Seven Months
• India’s retail inflation, based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI), fell to 3.61% in February 2025, down from 4.31% in
January, marking a seven-month low. Food inflation, measured by the Consumer Food Price Index (CFPI), declined to
3.75% from 5.97% in January.
• Rural inflation eased to 3.79%, and urban inflation dropped to 3.32% in February 2025. The fall was mainly driven by
declining vegetable prices and a favorable food price outlook.
• With inflation within the RBI’s 2-6% target range, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) has space for further easing;
in February 2025, the benchmark interest rate was cut by 0.25 percentage points to 6.25%, the first reduction in
nearly five years.
India’s Trade Deficit Falls to $14.05 Billion in February 2025, Lowest in Over Three Years
• India's merchandise trade deficit narrowed to $14.05 billion in February 2025, down from $22.9 billion in January
2025, marking a three-and-a-half-year low. Exports stood at $36.91 billion, a 10.9% year-on-year decline from $41.41
billion in February 2024, the sharpest drop in 20 months.
• Imports declined to $50.96 billion, down from $60.92 billion a year earlier, mainly due to lower gold and crude oil
imports. For April 2024–February 2025, total exports (merchandise & services) reached $750.53 billion (+6.24%) and
total imports were $839.89 billion (+7.28%).
• The cumulative merchandise trade deficit rose to $261.06 billion, up from $225.81 billion during the same period last
year. The reduction in the monthly deficit was influenced by global economic uncertainties, potential U.S. tariffs, and
declining petroleum prices, lowering import costs.

167