X CBSE MATHEMATICS BY ABHISHEK JAIN
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TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND
IDENTITIES
Trigonometry:
To find the distances and heights we can use the mathematical techniques, which come under
the Trigonometry. It shows the relationship between the sides and the angles of the triangle.
Generally, it is used in the case of a right angle triangle.
Trigonometric Ratios:
• In a right angle triangle ABC where B=90°
• In a right angle triangle, the ratio of its side and the acute angles is the trigonometric
ratios of the angles.
• In this right angle triangle ∠B = 90°. If we take ∠A as acute angle then -
• AB is the base, as the side adjacent to the acute angle.
• BC is the perpendicular, as the side opposite to the acute angle.
• Ac is the hypotenuse, as the side opposite to the right angle.
We can define following term for angle A
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• We can define the trigonometric ratios for angle A as
Notice that each ratio in the right-hand column is the inverse, or the reciprocal, of
the ratio in the left-hand column.
The reciprocal of sin A is cosec A and vice-versa.
The reciprocal of cos A is sec A and the reciprocal of tan A is cot A
These are valid for acute angles.
Reciprocal Relation between Trigonometric Ratios:
Cosec A, sec A, and cot A are the reciprocals of sin A, cos A, and tan A respectively.
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Complementary Trigonometric Ratios:
If θ is an acute angle, its complementary angle is 900− θ. The following relations hold true
for trigonometric ratios of complementary angles.
• sin (900− θ) = cos θ
• cos (900− θ) = sin θ
• tan (900− θ) = cot θ
• cot (900− θ) = tan θ
• cosec (900− θ) = sec θ
• sec (900− θ) = cosec θ
Trigonometric Identities:
• cos2A + sin2A = 1
cos2A = 1 - sin2A
sin2A = 1 - cos2A
• sec2A - tan2A = 1
sec2A = 1 + tan2A
tan2A = sec2A - 1
• cosec2A - cot2A = 1
cosec2A = cot2A + 1
cot2A = cosec2A - 1
Trigonometric Ratios Of Common Angles:
We can find the values of trigonometric ratio’s various angle
QUESTION BANK
1. If cosec θ + cot θ = x, find the value of cosec θ – cot θ.
2. A Rhombus of side 20cm has two angles of 600 each. Find the length of the
diagonals.
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1 1
3. If cotθ + cotθ =2 then find the value of cot2 θ + cot²θ ?
1
4. If cos A = 3 , find the other five trigonometric ratios.
5. If cosec A = √10, find the other five trigonometric ratios.
a
6. If sin θ = , find the values of cos θ and tan θ.
√a²+ b²
7. If ∆ ABC is a right triangle such that ∠C = 900, ∠A = 450 and BC = 7 units. Find A < B,
AB and AC.
8. If ∠A and ∠B are acute angles such that cos A = cos B, then show that ∠ A = ∠ B.
2 1
9. If cosec θ = 2x and cot θ = x, find the value of 2(x2 - x²).
5 1
10. If sec θ = 5x and tan θ = x, find the value of 5(x2 - x²).
1
11. If 7sin²A + 3cos²A = 4, show that tan A =
√3
12. Evaluate: (1 + cot A – cosec A) (1 + tan A + sec A).
13. Evaluate : (1- sin2 θ) sec2 θ
14. If secθ + tanθ = p, then find the value of secθ - tanθ?
15. If sec2θ (1 + sin θ) (1 – sin θ) = k, then find the value of k.
16. If 2 cos 3θ = 1, find θ, where 0 ≤ θ ≤ 900.
17. If x = a cos3 Θ, y = b sin3 Θ, then (x / a)2/3 + (y / b)2/3 = ?
1
18. If cotθ = then find the value of (1 - cos²θ)/(1 + cos²θ)
√3
√3
19. If sin (3x + 2y) = 1 and cos (3x - 2y) = , when 0 ≤ 3x + 2y ≤ 90° then find the value of
2
x and y.
5sin²300+cos²450−4 tan²300
20. Evaluate:
2𝑠𝑖𝑛 300 cos 300+tan 300
21. If θ is an acute angle and sin θ = cos θ, find the value of 3tan²θ + 2sin²θ – 1.
a a sin θ + b cos θ
22. If tan θ = 𝑏 , then evaluate .
a sin θ − b cos θ
5 sin θ − 4 cos θ
23. If 5 tan θ = 4, then evaluate .
5 sin θ + 4 cos θ
24. In ∆ ABC, right-angled at B, AB = 24 cm, BC = 7 cm. Determine: sin A (ii) cos C
25. In triangle PQR, right angled at Q if PR = 41 units and PQ – QR = 31 find sec2R – tan2R.
26. If acos q + bsinq = 3 and a sinq - bcos q = 4, then evalue a 2 + b 2 .
27. In ΔABC right angled at B, BC = 7 cm and AC – AB = 1 cm. Evaluate of cos A + sin A
28. Express the trigonometric ratios sin A, sec A and tan A in terms of cot A.
29. Express the trigonometric ratios sin A, sec A and tan A in terms of cos A.
1 + cosθ
30. Prove that √ 1− cosθ = cosec θ + cot θ
sec θ −1
= ( 1 +sincos
θ
31. Prove that )2.
sec θ + 1 𝜃
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32. If sin θ + cos θ = √3 , then prove that tan θ + cot θ = 1.
sin3 θ + cos3 θ
33. Prove the following identity: = 1 – sin θ.cos θ
sin θ + cos θ
34. Prove that: sin θ (1 + tan θ) + cos θ (1 + cot θ) = sec θ + cosec θ.
1 1 2
35. Prove that + sec A + tan A= cosA
sec A – tan A
36. If x = r sin A cos C, y = r sin A sin C, z = r cos A, Prove that r² = x² + y² + z².
37. Prove that tan²θ + cot²θ + 2 = cosec²θ sec²θ.
38. Prove that sec4θ – sec2θ = tan²θ + tan4θ
39. If tan θ + sin θ = m and tan θ - sin θ = n, show that m2 – n2 = 4√mn
40. If cos A + cos2A = 1, prove that sin²A + sin4A = 1
41. Prove that sin⁶θ + cos⁶θ = 1 – 3 sin²θ cos²θ
tan A cot A
42. Prove that + 1−tan A = 1 + tan A + cot A
1−cot A
43. Prove that √cosec²θ + sec²θ = tan θ + cot θ
44. Prove that 2(sin6θ + cos⁶θ) – 3(sin4θ + cos4θ) + 1 = 0.
45. Prove that (1 + tan A tan B)2 + (tan A – tan B)2 = sec²A sec²B
46. If 3 sin θ + 5 cos θ = 5, prove that 5 sin θ – 3 cos θ = ± 3.
47. If acosθ – bsinθ = c, prove that asinθ + bcosθ = ±√a2 + b 2 + c 2 .
1 1
48. If sec θ = x + , prove that sec θ + tan θ = 2x or .
4x 2x
1 1
49. If cosec θ = x + 4x , prove that cosec θ + cot θ = 2x or 2x .
50. If sec θ + tan θ = x, obtain the values of sec θ, tan θ and sin θ.
1+ cosθ + sin θ 1 + sinθ
51. Prove that =
1+ cosθ − sin θ cosθ
1 − cosθ 1 + cosθ
52. Prove that √ 1 + cosθ + √ 1 − cosθ = 2 cosec θ.
sec θ − 1 sec θ + 1
53. Prove that √sec θ + 1 + √sec θ − 1 = 2 cosec θ
1 1
54. In an acute angled triangle ABC, if sin (A + B – C) = and cos (B + C – A) = find ∠A,
2 √2
∠B and ∠C
2sin²θ−1
55. Prove that tan θ - cot θ =
sin θ cos θ
Challenges Are Not What Make You. So Accept Them And
Challenge The Challenges.
– ABHISHEK JAIN
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