**************************************************************************

USACE / NAVFAC / AFCEC / NASA UFGS-32 11 36.13 (November 2019)

--------------------------------
Preparing Activity: NAVFAC Superseding
UFGS-32 11 36.13 (April 2006)

UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS

References are in agreement with UMRL dated October 2019

**************************************************************************

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 32 - EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS

SECTION 32 11 36.13

LEAN CONCRETE BASE COURSE

11/19

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES
1.2 SUBMITTALS
1.3 DELIVERY
1.4 STORAGE
1.4.1 Cement, Aggregate, and Admixture Materials
1.4.2 Curing Compounds and Bond Breaker
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
1.5.1 Required Information
1.5.2 Required Review
1.6 SAFETY

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 MIX DESIGN

2.2 MATERIALS
2.2.1 Cement
2.2.2 Water
2.2.3 Aggregates
2.2.3.1 Gradation
2.2.3.2 Deleterious Substances
2.2.4 Admixtures
2.2.4.1 Air-Entraining Admixtures
2.2.4.2 Retarding Admixtures
2.2.4.3 Water-Reducing Admixtures
2.2.4.4 Accelerating Admixtures
2.2.4.5 Pozzolans
2.2.4.6 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag
2.2.5 Curing Materials
2.2.5.1 Waterproof Paper
2.2.5.2 Polyethylene Sheeting
2.2.5.3 Polyethylene-Coated Burlap
2.2.5.4 Liquid Membrane-Forming Compound
2.2.6 Bond Breaker

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 1

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION
3.2 FIXED FORMS
3.3 JOINTS
3.4 MEASURING, MIXING, AND TRANSPORTING LEAN CONCRETE
3.5 PLACING LEAN CONCRETE
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 Lean Concrete Placement
3.5.3 Consolidation
3.5.4 Cold Weather
3.5.5 Hot Weather
3.5.6 Protection Against Rain
3.6 FINISHING
3.6.1 Surface Correction and Testing
3.6.2 Surface Finish
3.7 CURING AND PROTECTION
3.7.1 Moist Curing
3.7.2 Liquid Membrane-Forming Compound Curing
3.7.3 Protection of Treated Surfaces
3.8 BOND BREAKER
3.9 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
3.9.1 Sampling
3.9.1.1 Aggregates
3.9.1.2 Lean Concrete
3.9.2 Testing
3.9.2.1 Aggregate Testing
3.9.2.2 Lean Concrete Testing
3.9.3 Acceptance

-- End of Section Table of Contents --

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 2

**************************************************************************
USACE / NAVFAC / AFCEC / NASA UFGS-32 11 36.13 (November 2019)
--------------------------------
Preparing Activity: NAVFAC Superseding
UFGS-32 11 36.13 (April 2006)

UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS

References are in agreement with UMRL dated October 2019

**************************************************************************

SECTION 32 11 36.13

LEAN CONCRETE BASE COURSE

11/19

**************************************************************************
NOTE: This guide specification covers the
requirements for lean concrete base course for
portland cement concrete pavement.

Adhere to UFC 1-300-02 Unified Facilities Guide

Specifications (UFGS) Format Standard when editing
this guide specification or preparing new project
specification sections. Edit this guide
specification for project specific requirements by
adding, deleting, or revising text. For bracketed
items, choose applicable item(s) or insert
appropriate information.

Remove information and requirements not required in

respective project, whether or not brackets are
present.

Comments, suggestions and recommended changes for

this guide specification are welcome and should be
submitted as a Criteria Change Request (CCR).

**************************************************************************

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Lean concrete is composed of a lean concrete
mix and is not recommended for use in flexible
pavement structures. Some paragraphs may need to be
supplemented or modified to meet the project
requirements. The extent of the work to be
accomplished should be indicated on the project
drawings or included in the project specifications.
**************************************************************************

**************************************************************************
NOTE: On the drawings, show:

1. Paving Plan, showing horizontal dimensions;

locations with respect to existing structures; and
new and existing ground contours.

2. Sections of pavement structures showing

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 3

thicknesses and details.

3. Location and character of all joints.

**************************************************************************

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES

**************************************************************************
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the
publications cited in the text of the guide
specification. The publications are referred to in
the text by basic designation only and listed in
this paragraph by organization, designation, date,
and title.

Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature

when you add a Reference Identifier (RID) outside of
the Section's Reference Article to automatically
place the reference in the Reference Article. Also
use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.

References not used in the text will automatically

be deleted from this section of the project
specification when you choose to reconcile
references in the publish print process.
**************************************************************************

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the

extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by
the basic designation only.

AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE (ACI)

ACI 304R (2000; R 2009) Guide for Measuring,

Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete

ACI 305R (2010) Guide to Hot Weather Concreting

ACI 306R (2016) Guide to Cold Weather Concreting

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM C31/C31M (2019) Standard Practice for Making and

Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field

ASTM C33/C33M (2018) Standard Specification for Concrete

Aggregates

ASTM C39/C39M (2018) Standard Test Method for

Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens

ASTM C42/C42M (2018a) Standard Test Method for Obtaining

and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams
of Concrete

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 4

ASTM C94/C94M (2018) Standard Specification for
Ready-Mixed Concrete

ASTM C136/C136M (2014) Standard Test Method for Sieve

Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

ASTM C138/C138M (2017a) Standard Test Method for Density

(Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content
(Gravimetric) of Concrete

ASTM C143/C143M (2015) Standard Test Method for Slump of

Hydraulic-Cement Concrete

ASTM C150/C150M (2018) Standard Specification for Portland

Cement

ASTM C171 (2016) Standard Specification for Sheet

Materials for Curing Concrete

ASTM C172/C172M (2017) Standard Practice for Sampling

Freshly Mixed Concrete

ASTM C173/C173M (2016) Standard Test Method for Air

Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the
Volumetric Method

ASTM C174/C174M (2017) Standard Test Method for Measuring

Thickness of Concrete Elements Using
Drilled Concrete Cores

ASTM C192/C192M (2018) Standard Practice for Making and

Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the
Laboratory

ASTM C231/C231M (2017a) Standard Test Method for Air

Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the
Pressure Method

ASTM C260/C260M (2010a; R 2016) Standard Specification for

Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete

ASTM C309 (2011) Standard Specification for Liquid

Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing
Concrete

ASTM C494/C494M (2017) Standard Specification for Chemical

Admixtures for Concrete

ASTM C595/C595M (2018) Standard Specification for Blended

Hydraulic Cements

ASTM C618 (2019) Standard Specification for Coal Fly

Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan
for Use in Concrete

ASTM C989/C989M (2018a) Standard Specification for Slag

Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars

ASTM C1260 (2014) Standard Test Method for Potential

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 5

Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates
(Mortar-Bar Method)

ASTM C1602/C1602M (2018) Standard Specification for Mixing

Water Used in Production of Hydraulic
Cement Concrete

ASTM D75/D75M (2014) Standard Practice for Sampling

Aggregates

ASTM D3665 (2012; R 2017) Standard Practice for

Random Sampling of Construction Materials

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (NIOSH)

NIOSH 81-123 (1981) Occupational Health Guideline for

Chemical Hazards, (Vols. I, II, and III)

U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA)

29 CFR 1926.1153 Respirable Crystalline Silica

1.2 SUBMITTALS

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Review Submittal Description (SD) definitions
in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES and edit
the following list to reflect only the submittals
required for the project.

The Guide Specification technical editors have

designated those items that require Government
approval, due to their complexity or criticality,
with a "G." Generally, other submittal items can be
reviewed by the Contractor's Quality Control
System. Only add a "G" to an item, if the submittal
is sufficiently important or complex in context of
the project.

For submittals requiring Government approval on Army

projects, a code of up to three characters within
the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority.
Codes for Army projects using the Resident
Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for
Architect-Engineer; "DO" for District Office
(Engineering Division or other organization in the
District Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for
Resident Office; and "PO" for Project Office. Codes
following the "G" typically are not used for Navy,
Air Force, and NASA projects.

The "S" following a submittal item indicates that

the submittal is required for the Sustainability
eNotebook to fulfill federally mandated sustainable
requirements in accordance with Section 01 33 29
SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING. Locate the "S" submittal
under the SD number that best describes the
submittal item.

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 6

Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force
and NASA projects, or choose the second bracketed
item for Army projects.
**************************************************************************

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are [for Contractor Quality
Control approval.][for information only. When used, a designation
following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the
submittal for the Government.] Submittals with an "S" are for inclusion
in the Sustainability eNotebook, in conformance with Section 01 33 29
SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING. Submit the following in accordance with Section
01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-05 Design Data

Mix Design

At least 30 days prior to mixing and placing lean concrete,

submit the design mix for approval. Provide a complete list of
materials including type, brand, source and amount of cement,
pozzolan, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, admixtures,
reference specifications, and results of 28-day compressive
strength test of the lean concrete. Prepare compressive strength
test specimens in accordance with ASTM C192/C192M and tested in
accordance with ASTM C39/C39M.

SD-06 Test Reports

Mix Design Review

Aggregate Testing

Slump

Air Content

Concrete Temperature

Yield

Surface

Base Course Thickness

Compressive Strength

Submit testing results as required in paragraph entitled "Field

Quality Control."

SD-07 Certificates

Ready-mix Concrete Plant Identification

Batch Ticket Information

Cement

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 7

Aggregates

Admixtures

Curing Materials

1.3 DELIVERY

Do not deliver lean concrete until ready for placement.

1.4 STORAGE

1.4.1 Cement, Aggregate, and Admixture Materials

Store in accordance with recommendations of ACI 304R.

1.4.2 Curing Compounds and Bond Breaker

Inspect materials for contamination and damage. Unload and store with a
minimum of handling.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.5.1 Required Information

Submit name and location of the ready-mix concrete plant. Submit batch
ticket information as specified in ASTM C94/C94M.

1.5.2 Required Review

Before lean concrete is placed at the job site, submit a mix design review
accomplished by a Government-approved independent commercial engineering
testing laboratory. Include cement factor, standard deviation of
compressive strength used in the design of the mix, water-cement ratio (by
weight), percentage of fine aggregate to total aggregate by weight, weight
in kg lbs of saturated surface-dry aggregates (fine and coarse) per sack
of cement, volume of admixtures and yield for 1 cubic m 1 cubic yd of
concrete.

1.6 SAFETY

In addition to Safety Requirements contained in the Contract Clauses;

prevent employee respiratory, eye or skin contact with Portland cement and
silica dust in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.1153 during wet or dry mixing.
Provide and require employees to use and dispose or clean the following in
accordance with the pertinent provisions of NIOSH 81-123:

a. Impervious clothing, boots and gloves.

b. Splash-proof safety googles and face shields.

c. Respiratory protection equipment.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 MIX DESIGN

Specify the mix design under paragraph SUBMITTALS and conform to the
following specifications.

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 8

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Specify an upper limit on compressive
strength when reflective cracking is a concern.
**************************************************************************

a. 28-day compressive strength MPa psi: 8 1200 minimum.

b. Cement factor kg per cubic m lbs. per cubic yd: 120 200 minimum.

The minimum cement factor indicated is for concrete durability only;

increase to meet minimum compressive strength requirements.

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Specify 7 percent minimum air content when
lean concrete is exposed to freeze-thaw cycle.
**************************************************************************

c. Air content (percent by volume): [4] [7] minimum.

d. Water-cement ratio: [0.6] [_____] maximum.

e. Slump: 25 mm 1 in minimum to 75 mm 3 in maximum for fixed form; 38 mm

1-1/2 in maximum for slip-forming.

**************************************************************************
NOTE: In locations subject to freeze-thaw cycles,
insert the following, "Do not allow the freeze-thaw
weight loss to exceed 14 percent when testing in
accordance with AASHTO T 136."
**************************************************************************

2.2 MATERIALS

2.2.1 Cement

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Allowable types of cement are:

ASTM C150/C150M ASTM C595/C595M Use

Portland Blended

Type I Type IP or IS For general use in construction.

Type II Type IP (MS) or Type For general use in construction where

IS (MS) concrete is exposed to moderate
sulfate action or where moderate heat
of hydration is required.
ASTM C595/C595M (blended hydraulic
cements): add the suffix MS or MH
where either moderate sulfate
resistance moderate heat of hydration,
respectively, is required.

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 9

ASTM C150/C150M ASTM C595/C595M Use
Portland Blended

Type III For use when high early strength is

required.

Type IV For use when low heat of hydration is

required.

Type V For use when high sulfate resistances

is required.

Require cement to meet low alkali requirements of ASTM C150/C150M, Table 1A, when
using potential alkali-reactive aggregates.

NOTE: Do not use ASTM C595/C595M blended hydraulic

cements on WESTNAVFACENGCOM airfield pavement
projects without consulting WESTNAVFACENGCOM Code
411.
**************************************************************************

ASTM C150/C150M, Type(s) [I] [II] [I or II] [Type III, for high early
strength concrete] [_____]. [ASTM C595/C595M, Type IS or IP.]

2.2.2 Water

Use water in accordance with ASTM C1602/C1602M. Do not use hot water.

2.2.3 Aggregates

Use stone or gravel, crushed or uncrushed[, or crushed Portland cement

concrete pavement]. Use fine aggregate that is naturally contained in the
aggregate material or sand. Use aggregates consisting of hard, durable
particles, free from objectionable matter.

2.2.3.1 Gradation

Use aggregate in compliance with one of the gradations shown in Table 1

when tested in accordance with ASTM C136/C136M. Allow the gradation to be
modified to suit [locally available aggregate] [recycled Portland cement
concrete pavement], provided the strength requirements are met.

TABLE 1 - AGGREGATE GRADATION - LEAN CONCRETE BASE COURSE

Percentage by Weight Passing Sieves

Sieve Sizes A B C

50 mm 2 in. 100 --- ---

37.5 mm 1 1/2 in. --- 100 ---

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 10

TABLE 1 - AGGREGATE GRADATION - LEAN CONCRETE BASE COURSE

Percentage by Weight Passing Sieves

Sieve Sizes A B C

25.0 mm 1 in. 55-85 70-95 100

19.0 mm 3/4 in. 50-80 55-85 70-100

4.75 mm No. 4 30-60 30-60 35-65

425 micrometers No. 40 10-30 10-30 15-30

75 micrometers No. 200 0-15 0-15 0-15

2.2.3.2 Deleterious Substances

Do not permit aggregates to contain substances which are deleteriously

reactive with the alkalies in the cement, except as permitted in
ASTM C33/C33M using the test methods in ASTM C1260.

2.2.4 Admixtures

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Admixtures are used in concrete to improve
the concrete or to provide sound concrete under
conditions where it would be burdensome to do so
without use of an admixture.

1. Air entraining agents. Specify air entrainment

for all concrete, particularly that exposed to
freezing and thawing and sulfates and for seawater
exposed concrete. Air entrainment improves the
workability of plastic concrete.

2. Retarders. Retarding admixtures act to slow the

hardening of concrete in hot weather. Permit use of
approved retarders.

3. Water reducers. Water reducing admixtures are

used to improve the quality of concrete, obtain
specified strength at lower water-cement ratios or
to increase the slump of a given mixture without
increase in water content. Permit use of approved
water reducing admixtures.

4. Accelerators. Calcium chloride and non-calcium

chloride types are available. When added to the
concrete acts to accelerate the hardening of
concrete in cold weather. Do not permit calcium
chloride accelerators for seawater exposed concrete,
reinforced concrete and in concrete in contact with
aluminum or other non-ferrous materials.

5. Pozzolans. Due to EPA guidelines, allow the use

of fly ash, either in blended cements or as an

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 11

admixture, as an optional material unless it can be
shown that use of fly ash is technically
inappropriate. Pozzolans are used to replace or
augment cement in concrete mixes. In general, it
allows less cement to be used to achieve the
required strength although the time required to
reach the required strength may be longer than for a
totally Portland cement concrete mix. Use Class F
for sulfate resistant concrete. Do not use fly ash
as a substitute for Portland cement on
WESTNAVFACENGCOM airfield pavement projects without
consulting WESTNAVFACENGCOM Code 411.
**************************************************************************

Where not shown or specified, allow admixtures to be used subject to

written approval.

2.2.4.1 Air-Entraining Admixtures

ASTM C260/C260M.

2.2.4.2 Retarding Admixtures

ASTM C494/C494M, Type B or D.

2.2.4.3 Water-Reducing Admixtures

ASTM C494/C494M, Type A, D, E, F, or G.

2.2.4.4 Accelerating Admixtures

ASTM C494/C494M, Type C.

2.2.4.5 Pozzolans

Class N, F, or C ASTM C618, except that the maximum allowable loss on

ignition is 6 percent for Classes N and F.

2.2.4.6 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag

ASTM C989/C989M, Grade 120.

2.2.5 Curing Materials

2.2.5.1 Waterproof Paper

ASTM C171, white color.

2.2.5.2 Polyethylene Sheeting

ASTM C171, white color.

2.2.5.3 Polyethylene-Coated Burlap

ASTM C171.

2.2.5.4 Liquid Membrane-Forming Compound

ASTM C309, white-pigmented Type 2, Class B, or clear or translucent Type

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 12

1-D, Class B with white fugitive dye.

2.2.6 Bond Breaker

Liquid membrane-forming curing compound as specified.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

Before placing lean concrete, compact underlying surface to within 13 mm

1/2in of finish grade and elevations shown in drawings. Wet underlying
material in advance of placing lean concrete to ensure a firm, moist
condition at time lean concrete is placed. Do not permit equipment, other
than lean concrete delivery or paving equipment on prepared underlying
material. In cold weather, protect underlying material from frost. Do
not use chemicals to eliminate frost.

3.2 FIXED FORMS

Set forms for full bearing on foundation for entire length and width and
in alignment with edge of base course. Support forms during entire
operation of placing, consolidation, and finishing. Do not allow the
maximum vertical and horizontal deviation of forms, including joints, to
exceed 6 mm 1/4 in from a 3.7 m 12 ft straightedge. Provide stake sockets
and interlocking devices to prevent movement of the forms.

3.3 JOINTS

Locate joints as required to provide a minimum of 150 mm 6 in from joints

in overlying surface course.

3.4 MEASURING, MIXING, AND TRANSPORTING LEAN CONCRETE

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Include bracketed sentence except for
projects at MCB Camp Pendleton.
**************************************************************************

Use ASTM C94/C94M, except as modified. Provide batch ticket information

for each load of lean concrete. Begin mixing within 30 minutes after the
cement has been added to the aggregates. Place lean concrete within 90
minutes of either addition of mixing water to cement and aggregates or
addition of cement to aggregates if the air temperature is less than 29.5
degrees C 85 degrees F.[ Reduce placement time to 60 minutes if the air
temperature is greater than 29.5 degrees C 85 degrees F.] Permit
additional water to be added, provided that both the specified maximum
slump and water-cement ratio are not exceeded.

3.5 PLACING LEAN CONCRETE

3.5.1 General

Do not permit lean concrete placement when weather conditions prevent

proper placement and consolidation. Maintain drainage ditches, gutters
and side drains to drain the subgrade during the construction of the
base. Place lean concrete in one continuous operation for the full width
and depth of the section between transverse joints with slip or fixed form
equipment.

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 13

3.5.2 Lean Concrete Placement

Deposit lean concrete in its final location within the time limits
specified and before initial set. Deposit the lean concrete in a manner
that requires a minimum of re-handling. Complete work incidental to
handling and placing of lean concrete in a manner that does not damage the
underlying surface. Place lean concrete continuously at a uniform rate
without unscheduled stops except for equipment failure or other
emergencies. Avoid contamination of lean concrete with foreign material
on construction equipment or workman's footwear. Use shovels to spread
lean concrete by hand not with rakes.

3.5.3 Consolidation

Consolidate immediately after spreading with internal vibrating

equipment. Limit duration of vibration to produce consolidation of
concrete. Do not permit excessive vibration.

3.5.4 Cold Weather

Do not permit lean concrete temperature to fall below 10 degrees C 50

degrees F. Do not place lean concrete when the ambient temperature is
below 4.5 degrees C 40 degrees F. Cover lean concrete and provide with a
source of heat sufficient to maintain 10 degrees C 50 degrees F minimum
while curing. Adhere to practices recommended in ACI 306R.

3.5.5 Hot Weather

Do not permit lean concrete temperature to exceed 32 degrees C 90 degrees F

starting at time of batching and extending for a period of seven days.
Cool ingredients before mixing, or substitute chip ice for part of
required mixing water or use other suitable means to control lean concrete
temperature to prevent rapid drying of newly placed lean concrete. Shade
the fresh lean concrete and start curing as soon as the surface is
sufficiently hard to permit curing without damage. Adhere to practices
recommended in ACI 305R.

3.5.6 Protection Against Rain

Halt mixing and batching operations and cover unhardened lean concrete
surface when rain is falling in the locale where the lean concrete is
being placed. Extend the length of base to be protected back to a point
where rain is not indenting base surface.[ When slipform construction is
used, install side forms in areas of base where edge cannot otherwise be
protected to prevent edge erosion.] After rain ceases, install side forms
as required to prevent excessive edge slump, and remove protective
covering without delay. Remove remaining water without using cement.
Refinish or replace areas damaged by rain at no additional cost to the
Government.

3.6 FINISHING

Start lean concrete finishing operations immediately after consolidation.

Use finishing machine. Permit hand finishing to be used in emergencies
and for lean concrete in inaccessible locations or of such shapes that
machine finishing is impracticable. Finish base surface on both sides of
a joint to the same grade. Make as many finish trips over each area of
base and at such intervals as necessary to retain coarse aggregate near

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 14

finished surface, and produce a smooth surface true to grade and crown.
Do not permit excessive operation over an area, which results in an excess
of mortar and water being brought to the surface.

3.6.1 Surface Correction and Testing

After finishing is completed but while lean concrete is still plastic, use
straightedges to eliminate minor irregularities and score marks. Use
straightedges 3 m 10 ft in length and operated from sides of base and from
bridges. Check surface for trueness with straightedge held in successive
positions parallel and at right angles to centerline of pavement. Advance
straightedge along pavement in successive stages of not more than one-half
the length of the straightedge. Immediately fill depressions with freshly
mixed lean concrete, strike off, consolidate, and refinish. Strike off
and refinish projections above required elevation. Continue straightedge
testing and finishing until entire surface of lean concrete is free of
defects and meets specified requirements.

3.6.2 Surface Finish

Apply a uniform, smooth surface finish to lean concrete base. Do not

allow textured surface.

3.7 CURING AND PROTECTION

Protect lean concrete from injurious action by sun, rain, flowing water,
frost, or mechanical injury. At completion of finishing and at the time
lean concrete surface has hardened enough to prevent the surface being
marred by the curing material, cure by one or more of the following
methods. Use fresh water for curing. Keep base moist and at a
temperature above 0 degree C 32 degrees F, for a full curing period of 7
days. Protect lean concrete base from damage during removal of form work
and from injury resulting from storage or transportation of materials and
equipment during construction. Protect exposed vertical faces of lean
concrete with curing compound or by other suitable means.

3.7.1 Moist Curing

Wet lean concrete surface with a fine spray of water and cover with
waterproof paper, polyethylene-coated burlap, or polyethylene sheeting.
Saturate polyethylene-coated burlap with water before placing. Select
size of sheets that are at least 300 mm 1 ft longer than necessary to
cover the entire width and edges of base. Place sheets with light-colored
side up. Overlap adjacent sheets not less than 300 mm 1 ft with the
lapped edges securely weighted down or the sheets lapped 150 mm 6 in and
cemented or tapered to form a continuous cover and a closed joint. Weight
cover down to prevent displacement or billowing from winds. Fold
coverings down over the exposed edges and secure with a continuous bank of
earth or other approved means. Use covers in good condition when placed
and immediately repair tears and holes that occur during the 7-day curing
period.

3.7.2 Liquid Membrane-Forming Compound Curing

Apply compound immediately after surface loses its water sheen and has a
dull appearance. Mechanically agitate curing compound during use. Apply
at a maximum rate of 5.0 square m/L 200 square ft/gal of compound. If
compound lacks a uniform continuous, coherent films, or exhibits checks,
cracks, peels, or pinholes, apply an additional coat of compound to areas

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 15

where film is defective. Have readily available impervious sheet curing
for use to protect freshly placed lean concrete in the event conditions
occur to prevent correct application of compound at the proper time.
Re-spray surfaces with curing compound after rainfall. Apply at same rate
required above.

3.7.3 Protection of Treated Surfaces

Protect lean concrete surfaces from foot and vehicular traffic and other
sources of abrasion for a minimum of 72 hours. Maintain continuity of
applied curing method for the entire curing period.

3.8 BOND BREAKER

Prior to placement of overlying Portland cement concrete layer, coat the

surface of the lean concrete base with a bond breaker to prevent bonding
between the two layers. Use a bond breaker consisting of a double
application of liquid membrane-forming curing compound. Use the rates
specified for curing for each application . Allow the first application
to be the lean concrete curing application. Place the second application
no more than 24 hours prior to placement of the overlying surface course.

3.9 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

3.9.1 Sampling

3.9.1.1 Aggregates

Sample aggregates prior to delivery to the batch plant. During lean

concrete placement sample aggregates for each [500] [_____] metric tons
[500] [_____] tons. Use sampling methods in accordance with ASTM D75/D75M.
Identify each sample for conformance tests. When test results indicate
that the aggregates consistently meet the specified gradation
requirements, allow the rate of sampling to be reduced if approved.

3.9.1.2 Lean Concrete

Obtain random samples of plastic lean concrete in accordance with

ASTM C172/C172M. Permit quality control samples to be taken at the lean
concrete batch plant; however, obtain samples for verification of lean
concrete slump and air content for submittal to the Government at the
point of discharge. From each sample obtained, mold one set of
compressive strength test specimens for laboratory testing in accordance
with ASTM C39/C39M. Supplier may obtain samples of the lean concrete for
quality control purposes; however, obtain random samples of the lean
concrete at the point of discharge for field testing and report results to
the Government in writing. Cast one set of concrete compressive strength
test specimens for each random sample obtained. Determine sampling
location (or timing) in accordance with ASTM D3665.

3.9.2 Testing

3.9.2.1 Aggregate Testing

Perform aggregate gradation testing on random samples obtained during the

batching process. Perform additional aggregate and cement sampling and
testing whenever there is a change of source or material deficiency.

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 16

3.9.2.2 Lean Concrete Testing

Perform laboratory testing on aggregates and cement samples from the

materials to be used in the project prior to the start of construction.
During construction perform additional laboratory testing at no cost to
the Government if concrete strength deficiency or other material defect is
reported. Adjust the concrete mix as necessary to obtain specified
concrete compressive strength.

a. Slump: Measure the cement water ratio of lean concrete in accordance

with ASTM C143/C143M. Determine slump of lean concrete at the start
of each day's placement, on each random sample obtained, and for each
set of concrete compressive strength test specimens cast.

b. Air content: Determine air content in accordance with ASTM C173/C173M

or ASTM C231/C231M. Determine air content at the start of each day's
lean concrete placement, on each random sample obtained, and for each
set of concrete compressive strength test specimens. Report results
in writing to the Government.

c. Concrete Temperature: Determine temperature of plastic lean concrete

hourly at the point of discharge. During hot and cold weather
periods, increase frequency of measurement as necessary to ensure
concrete is placed within temperature specifications in ACI 305R.

d. Yield: Measure the yield in accordance with ASTM C138/C138M, twice

for each day's production of lean concrete, and whenever materials or
mix proportions are changed.

e. Surface: After curing, test the surface of the pavement with a

straightedge or device to identify irregularities, if any. For a
portion of the pavement containing irregularities greater than 0.6 mm
in 3 m 1/4 in in 10 ft in a longitudinal or transverse direction,
remove and replace the lean concrete, mechanically grind the lean
concrete surface, or correct the surface using an approved method.

f. Base course thickness: Obtain 100 mm 4 in diameter core samples to

determine the in place thickness of the lean concrete base course.
Obtain cores in accordance with ASTM C42/C42M. Repair the core holes
with non-shrink grout. The tolerance for any one core in a test
section is 13 mm 1/2 in. The average of all core lengths within a
test section must be the specified base material thickness indicated
on the approved project drawings. When determining the average,
assign cores with a length of more than 13 mm 1/2 in greater than the
specified base thickness a length of the specified thickness plus 13 mm
1/2 in. If the measured base course thickness is less than that
shown on the drawings by more than 13 mm 1/2 in, remove the deficient
areas and replace with lean concrete of the specified strength,
quality and thickness at no additional cost to the Government. When a
core indicates unsatisfactory thickness, determine the limits of the
base course to be removed and replaced as follows: Take one core 4.5 m
15 ft of the deficient location in both directions from the
unsatisfactory core until satisfactory thickness is indicated; remove
and replace base course for the full width of the lane where a core
indicated unsatisfactory thickness. Determine length of cores in
accordance with ASTM C174/C174M. Submit copies of each of the coring
reports , in triplicate, and include the following information:

(1) Date lean concrete represented by core was placed.

SECTION 32 11 36.13 Page 17

(2) Date core was taken.

(3) Location of core - lane number, station number.

(4) Length of core.

(5) Condition of core - appearance, concrete texture, honeycombed.

(6) Disposition of core - In Contracting Officer or Contractor

possession.

g. Compressive strength: ASTM C39/C39M. Fabricate four compressive

strength test specimens per set in accordance with ASTM C31/C31M.
Test one specimen at 7 days and three at 28 days. If the testing
agency elects to cast 150 mm x 300 mm 6 in x 12 in test specimens only
two specimens are required to be tested at 28 days; therefore, the set
size may be reduced to three specimens. Sample lean concrete
delivered to the jobsite, perform the prescribed field tests, and
fabricate one set of compressive strength test specimens for every
[380] cubic yds [500] cubic yds of lean concrete placed but not less
than once for each day's placement. For evaluation purposes, use the
average of all 28-day compressive strength test results for each set
of specimens. If the average of the 28-day compressive strength test
results for a set, or multiple sets, of specimens is below the
specified minimum compressive strength by more than 690 kPa 100 psi,
take a minimum of three ASTM C42/C42M core samples from the in-place
work represented by the low test results and perform compressive
strength tests. Consider the lean concrete test section represented
by the core samples as acceptable if the average of the compressive
strengths is at least the minimum specified compressive strength on
the contract documents and that no core is more than 690 kPa 100 psi
below the specified minimum compressive strength Retest locations
represented by irregular core tests. Removed and replace at no cost
to the Government the lean concrete sections failing to meet the
specified minimum compressive strength after additional testing. Use
additional coring and compressive strength testing as necessary at no
additional cost to the Government to delineate areas requiring removal
and replacement or remove the entire portion represented by the
deficient set of specimens of subsequent test cores. Repair core
holes with non shrink grout.

3.9.3 Acceptance

Base acceptance of lean concrete on compressive strength, thickness, grade

and surface tolerance, as described in the previous section.

-- End of Section --

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