Important Formulae of Mensuration
Important formulae of Mensuration:-
Triangle:-
FIGURE AREA
Area = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
Where, semi perimeter (s) =
2
and a, b & c are sides of triangle
Area = 12𝑏ℎ
Where b is the base and h is the height (altitude) of triangle.
√3
Area of an equilateral triangle = 𝑎2
4
√𝟑
Height of an eq. triangle = 𝒂
𝟐
Where a is the side of equilateral triangle.
Area = 12𝑎𝑏 sin 𝜃
Where a & b are sides of any triangle & 𝜃 is the angle between
these two sides.
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𝑏
Area of isosceles triangle = × √4𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
4
Circle :-
Area of circle = πr2
Circumference of a circle = 1 revolution = 2πr
Diameter = 2r
Area of semi-circle = πr2/2
The perimeter of the semicircle = πr +2r
𝜃
Length of arc of any sector (𝐿) = 2𝜋𝑟 ( )
360°
𝜃
Area of sector = 𝜋𝑟 2 ( )
360°
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Quadrilaterals:-
Quadrilateral Shape Properties Important Results
Square 1. All sides are equal Area = a²
2. all angles are 90° 1
= × D²
2
3. Diagonals are equal
(D = diagonal)
and Bisect each other at
90° Perimeter = 4a
Diagonal = √2𝑎
Rectangle 1. Opposite sides are Area = 𝑙 × 𝑏
equal and parallel
Perimeter
2. All angles are 90°
= 2𝑙 + 2𝑏
3. Diagonals are equal
and bisect each other Diagonal
= √𝑙 2 + 𝑏 2
1
Rhombus 1. All sides are equal and Area = × 𝑑1 𝑑2
2
opposite sides are parallel
Perimeter = Sum of
2. Opposite angles are
all sides
equal
side² =
3. Diagonals are not equal
2 2
but bisects each other at d1 d 2
90° +
2 2
Parallelogram 1. opposite sides are Area = base × height
parallel and equal ,
Opposite angles are equal Or b × h
2. Diagonals of Perimeter = sum of all
parallelogram bisect each sides
other
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Trapezium 1. only one pair of Area
opposite sides are parallel
𝟏
= (sum of parallel
𝟐
2. The diagonals cut the
sides) × (height)
quadri-lateral into four
triangles of which one
opposite pair are similar.
3. The diagonals cut each
other in mutually the same
ratio (this ratio is the same
as that between the
lengths of the parallel
sides).
If lengths of one diagonal and two offsets are given of any quadrilateral
1
Area = 𝑑(ℎ1 + ℎ2 )
2
Solids:-
Figure Shape Volume CSA/ Total surface
LSA area
Cube 𝑎3 4𝑎2 6𝑎²
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Cuboids 𝑙𝑏ℎ 2(𝑙ℎ + 𝑏ℎ) 2(𝑙ℎ + 𝑏ℎ + 𝑏ℎ)
Cylinder 𝜋𝑟²ℎ 2𝜋𝑟ℎ 2𝜋𝑟(ℎ + 𝑟)
Cone 1 2 𝜋𝑟𝑙 𝜋𝑟(𝑙 + 𝑟)
𝜋𝑟 ℎ
3
where
𝑙 = √ℎ 2 + 𝑟 2
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Sphere 4 3 4πr 2 4πr 2
𝜋𝑟
3
Hemi-sphere 2 3 2𝜋𝑟 2 3𝜋𝑟 2
𝜋𝑟
3
Right prism 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 LSA +
× ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 2 area of base
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Right 1 1 LSA +
× 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
pyramid 3 2 area of base
× ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 × 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
1
Frustum 𝜋h(R2+r2+Rr) 𝜋𝑙(𝑅 + 𝑟) Where 𝜋𝑙(𝑅 + 𝑟)
3
𝑙 = √(𝑅 − 𝑟)2 + ℎ2 + 𝜋𝑅2 + 𝜋𝑟 2
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