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Pioneer DR Operator Manual English - UM - 5265602-1EN - 17

This document provides instructions on radiation safety and proper use of x-ray equipment. It notes that while protective measures have been taken, it is not possible to completely eliminate radiation risk. It advises following guidelines from radiation protection organizations. It also states that licensed electricians must perform electrical work on the equipment.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)

660 views361 pages

Pioneer DR Operator Manual English - UM - 5265602-1EN - 17

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DR-F

Digital Diagnostic Radiography System

Learning and Reference Guide

5265602-1EN Rev.17

© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.

This page intentionally left blank.
Brivo XR385
Digital Diagnostic Radiographic System
Learning and Reference Guide

5265602-1EN Rev.17

This cover page and Brivo XR385 is used for US and Canada ONLY

© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.

X-ray protection and statement

IMPORTANT!...X-RAY
PROTECTION

X-Ray equipment if not properly used may cause injury. Accordingly the instructions herein
contained should be thoroughly read and understood before you attempt to place this
equipment in operation. The General Electric Company, Healthcare Division, will be glad to
assist and cooperate in placing this equipment in use.

Although this apparatus incorporates a high degree of protection against x-radiation other
than the useful beam, no practical design of equipment can provide complete protection.
Nor can any practical design compel the operator or his assistant to take adequate
precautions to prevent the possibility of authorized or unauthorized persons carelessly,
unwisely, or unknowingly exposing themselves or others to direct or secondary radiation.

It is important that everyone having anything to do with x-radiation be fully acquainted with
the recommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements as
published in NCRP Reports available from NCRP Publications, 7910 Woodmont Ave.,
Bethesda, MD 20814, and of the International commission on Radiation Protection, and take
adequate steps to insure protection against injury.

It is assumed that all persons authorized to use the equipment are cognizant of the danger
of excessive exposure to x-radiation and the equipment is sold with the understanding that
the General Electric Company, Medical Systems Division, its agents, and representatives
have no responsibility for injury or damage which may result from exposure to x-radiation.

Various protective materials and devices are available. It is urged that such materials and
devices be used.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 i-1

If you have any comments, suggestions or corrections to the information in this

document, please write them down, include the document title and document number,
and send them to:
GE HUALUN MEDICAL SYSTEMS CO. Ltd
ADDRESS: No1 Yong Chang North Road,
Beijing Economic Technological Development Zone,
BEIJING 100176 CHINA
TELE: 86-10-58068888
FAX: 86-10-67881850

CERTIFIED ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR STATEMENT

All electrical installations that are preliminary to positioning of the equipment at the site
prepared for the equipment shall be performed by licensed electrical contractors. In
addition, electrical feeds into the Power Distribution Unit shall be performed by licensed
electrical contractors. Other connections between pieces of electrical equipment,
calibrations, and testing shall be performed by qualified GE Healthcare personnel. The
products involved (and the accompanying electrical installations) are highly sophisticated,
and special engineering competence is required. In performing all electrical work on these
products, GE will use its own specially trained field engineers. All of GE's electrical work on
these products will comply with the requirements of the applicable electrical codes.

The purchaser of GE equipment shall only utilize qualified personnel (i.e., GE's field
engineers, personnel of third-party service companies with equivalent training, or licensed
electricians) to perform electrical servicing on the equipment.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 i-2

Languages Statement
Забележка Това ръководство е изготвено и одобрено на английски език,
оригиналната версия е на английски, а ръководстата на други
(BG) езици са преведени от специалисти, одобрени от GE. При
несъответствия винаги правете справки в английската версия.
Ако ви е необходима версия на друг език, моля да я отпечатате
от CD-то на ръководството по експлоатация. Моля да се
свържете с отдел , ако има проблем по време на отпечатването
на ръководството.

Note This manual is prepared, approved in English, English version is the

original version, manuals in any other language are translated by GE
(EN) approved suppliers. Always refer to the English version if
non-consistency is found.
For other language version, please print from the operation manual
CD. Please contact service if there is any problem during printing
manual.

注意本手册以英文书写、核准，英文版为原版，以任何其他语言的手册由
GE 公司批准的供应商翻译而成。如果有不一致之处，请参照英文版。
(ZH-CN) 若需非英文版手册，请从操作手册光盘中打印。打印过程中的任何问
题请联系当地维修人员。
Poznámka Tato příručka je sestavena a schválena v anglickém jazyce. Anglická
verze je původní verzí, příručky v jiných jazycích jsou přeloženy od
(CS) dodavatelů schválených společností GE. V případě nesrovnalostí má
vždy přednost anglická verze. Operační příručku v ostatních
jazykových verzích si můžete vytisknout z CD. Pokud se během tisku
vyskytnou problémy, kontaktujte servis.

Bemærk Denne manual er udarbejdet og godkendt på engelsk, og den

engelske version er den orignale version. Manualer på andre sprog
(DA) er oversat af godkendte GE-leverandører. Brug altid den engelske
version som reference, hvis der er uoverensstemmelser.
Hvad angår andre sprog, skal der foretages en udskrivning fra cd’en
med betjeningsmanualen. Kontakt service, hvis der opstår problemer
under udskrivningen af manualen.

Hinweis Diese Anleitung wurde in englischer Sprache verfasst und validiert.

Die englische Version ist die Originalversion. Anleitungen in anderen
(DE) Sprachen wurden durch von GE zugelassene Übersetzer übersetzt.
Im Zweifelsfalle ist immer die englische Version heranzuziehen.
Anleitungen in anderen Sprachen können von der
Bedienungsanleitungs-CD ausgedruckt werden. Falls es beim
Ausdrucken der Anleitung zu einem Problem kommt, wenden Sie
sich bitte an den Kundendienst.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 i-3

Languages Statement
Σημείωση Το παρόν εγχειρίδιο συντάσσεται και εγκρίνεται στα αγγλικά, η
αγγλική έκδοση είναι η πρωτότυπη έκδοση, τα εγχειρίδια σε κάθε
(EL) άλλη γλώσσα μεταφράζονται από εγκεκριμένους προμηθευτές της
GE. Να ανατρέχετε πάντα στην αγγλική έκδοση εάν βρείτε
ασυνέπειες.
Για εκδόσεις άλλης γλώσσας, εκτυπώστε από το CD του εγχειριδίου
λειτουργίας. Επικοινωνήστε με την εξυπηρέτηση πελατών εάν
υπάρξει οποιοδήποτε πρόβλημα κατά την εκτύπωση του εγχειριδίου.

Nota Este manual fue elaborado y aprobado en idioma inglés, y ésta es la

versión original. Los manuales en otros idiomas son traducidos por
(ES) los proveedores autorizados de GE. Siempre debe remitirse a la
versión en inglés en caso de que surja alguna discrepancia.
Para las versiones en otros idiomas, sírvase imprimirlas desde el
disco compacto del manual del usuario. Póngase en contacto con el
servicio técnico si tiene algún problema con la impresión.

Märkus Käesolev kasutusjuhend on ette valmistatud ja kinnitatud

ingliskeelsena; ingliskeelne versioon on originaalversioon; muus
(ET) keeles kasutusjuhendid on tõlkinud GE poolt tunnustatud tarnijad.
Kui leiate vastuolulist infot, lähtuge alati ingliskeelsest versioonist.
Teiste keeleversioonide puhul printige kasutusjuhend välja CD-lt. Kui
kasutusjuhendi printimisel esineb probleeme, võtke ühendust
klienditeenindusega.

Huom! Tämä käyttöopas on laadittu ja hyväksytty englanninkielisenä,

alkuperäinen versio on englanninkielinen. Käännöksen eri kielille
(FI) ovat tehneet GE:n hyväksymät toimittajat. Epäselvissä tilanteissa on
käytettävä englanninkielistä versiota.
Muut kieliversiot voidaan tulostaa käyttöopas-CD-levyltä. Mikäli
tulostettaessa ilmenee ongelmia, ota yhteys huoltoon.

Remarque Ce manuel a été préparé et validé en anglais. La version anglaise est

la version originale. Les manuels fournis dans d'autres langues sont
(FR) traduits par des fournisseurs agréés de GE. En cas d'incohérence,
consulter la version anglaise.
Pour les autres langues, imprimer à partir du CD du manuel de
l’opérateur. Pour tout problème d’impression du manuel, contacter la
maintenance.

Napomena Ovaj je priručnik sastavljen i odobren na engleskom jeziku što je i

izvorna inačica. Priručnici na svim drugim jezicima su prijevodi koje
(HR) su obavili prevoditelji koje je odobrio GE. Ako naiđete na
nedosljednosti, uvijek ih provjerite u engleskoj inačici priručnika.
Inačice na drugim jezicima možete tiskati sa CD-a s priručnicima.
Obratite se službi ukoliko postoji bilo kakav problem tijekom ispisa
priručnika.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 i-4

Languages Statement
Jegyzet A kézikönyvet angol nyelven készítették és fogadták el, eredeti
verziója angol nyelven készült. A kézikönyvek más nyelvre fordítását
(HU) a GE által jóváhagyott szolgáltatók végzik. Bármilyen bizonytalanság
tisztázásához az angol nyelvű verzió szolgál alapként.
A más nyelvekre lefordított változatok a kezelői kézikönyvet
tartalmazó CD-ről nyomtathatók ki. Ha a kézikönyv nyomtatása során
problémák merülnek fel, kérjük, lépjen kapcsolatba az
ügyfélszolgálattal.

Nota Questo manuale è stato preparato e approvato in inglese. La

versione inglese è la versione originale, i manuali in ogni altra lingua
(IT) sono traduzioni realizzate da fornitori approvati da GE. Fare sempre
riferimento alla versione inglese in caso di incoerenze.
Le versioni in altre lingue possono essere stampate dal CD del
manuale operativo. Contattare l'assistenza in caso di problemi con la
stampa del manuale.

注記 : 本書の原本は英語で作成、認証を受けており、その他の言語による
文書は、GE の認可を受けた業者によって英文原本から翻訳されたも
(JA) のです。整合性のない部分があった場合は、必ず英語原本を参照し
てください。
その他の言語バージョンは取扱説明書 CD から選択して印刷してく
ださい。印刷時に問題が発生した場合、弊社サービスに連絡してく
ださい。

참고 이 매뉴얼은 영어로 작성 및 승인되었으며 영어 버전이 원본입니다 .

다른 언어로 된 설명서는 GE 승인 공급업체에 의해 번역된 것입니
(KO) 다 . 일관되지 않은 내용이 발견될 경우 항상 영어 버전을 참조하십시
오.
다른 언어 버전은 이 작업 설명서 CD 에서 인쇄할 수 있습니다 . 설명
서 인쇄에 문제가 있는 경우 서비스로 연락하십시오 .
Pastaba Šios instrukcijos parengtos ir patvirtintos anglų kalba, versija anglų
kalba yra originali, instrukcijos visomis kitomis kalbomis yra išverstos
(LT) GE patvirtintų tiekėjų. Aptikę neatitikimų žr. versiją anglų kalba.
Versijas kitomis kalbomis spausdinkite iš naudojimo vadovo CD.
Kilus problemų spausdinant vadovą kreipkitės į techninės pagalbos
tarnybą.

Opmerking Deze handleiding is opgemaakt, goedgekeurd in het Engels, de

Engelse versie is de originele versie, handleidingen in een andere
(NL) taal werden vertaald door leveranciers die door GE goedgekeurd
zijn. Raadpleeg steeds de Engelstalige versie indien er een
inconsistentie ondekt wordt.
Andere talen kunt u afdrukken van de CD van de
Gebruikershandleiding. Neem contact met de servicedienst indien er
zich een probleem voordoet tijdens het afdrukken van de
handleiding.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 i-5

Languages Statement
Merk Denne håndboken er redigert og godkjent i sin engelske versjon. Den
engelske versjonen er originalen. Håndbøker på andre språk er
(NO) oversatt av GE-godkjente leverandører. Ved manglende samsvar
mellom produktet og håndboken må det alltid refereres til den
engelske versjonen.
Versjoner på andre språk kan skrives ut fra brukerhåndboken på CD.
Kontakt service hvis det oppstår problemer med å skrive ut
håndboken.

Uwaga Niniejsza instrukcja jest przygotowana i zatwierdzona w języku

angielskim, wersja angielska jest wersją oryginalną, instrukcje w
(PL) każdym innym języku są tłumaczone przez zatwierdzonych przez GE
dostawców. W razie niespójności należy zawsze odnosić się do
wersji angielskiej.
Inne wersje językowe należy wydrukować z płyty kompaktowej z
instrukcją obsługi. Prosimy o kontakt z serwisem w razie wystąpienia
problemów podczas drukowania instrukcji.

Nota Este manual foi preparado e aprovado em inglês. A versão em inglês

é a versão original. Os manuais em outros idiomas foram traduzidos
(PT-BR) por fornecedores aprovados pela GE. Em caso de dúvidas, consulte
sempre a versão em inglês.
Imprima a versão em outros idiomas a partir do CD com o manual de
operações. Entre em contato com a assistência técnica se houver
algum problema durante a impressão do manual.

Notă Acest manual este pregătit, aprobat în engleză, versiunea engleză

este cea originală, manualele în orice altă limbă sunt traduse de
(RO) furnizori acceptaţi de GE. Consultaţi întotdeauna versiunea engleză
dacă apar inconsecvenţe.
Pentru versiunile în alte limbi, tipăriţi din manualul de operare de pe
CD. Contactaţi departamentul de service dacă apar probleme în
timpul tipăririi manualului.

Примечание Настоящее руководство было подготовлено и утверждено на

английском языке. Версия на английском языке является
(RU) оригинальной, переводы на прочие языки выполнялись
исполнителями, утвержденными компанией GE. В случае
противоречий версия на английском языке всегда имеет
приоритет.
Если необходима версия на другом языке, распечатайте
соответствующий файл с компакт-диска с руководством
оператора. Если при печати руководства возникнут какие-либо
проблемы, обратитесь в сервисную службу.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 i-6

Languages Statement
Poznámka Táto príručka bola pripravená a schválená v angličtine, pôvodná
verzia je v angličtine. Príručky v ľubovoľnom inom jazyku môžu
(SK) prekladať len dodávatelia schválení spoločnosťou GE. Ak nájdete
nejakú nezrovnalosť, vždy sa orientujte podľa anglickej verzie.
Ak potrebujete inú jazykovú verziu, vytlačte si ju z disku CD s
prevádzkovými príručkami. Ak počas tlače príručky vznikne nejaký
problém, obráťte sa na servis.

Napomena Ovaj priručnik je pripremljen i odobren na engleskom jeziku; verzija

na engleskom jeziku je originalna verzija, a priručnike na drugim
(SR) jezicima su preveli dobavljači koje je odobrio GE. U slučaju
nedoumice uvek pogledajte verziju na engleskom jeziku.
Za ostale verzije jezika, odštampajte iz priručnika za rad sa CD-a.
Obratite se servisu ako imate nekih problema tokom štampanja
priručnika.

Notera Den här handboken har upprättats och godkänts på engelska

språket. Den engelska versionen är originalversionen och
(SV) handböcker på andra språk har översatts av leverantörer som
godkänts av GE. Läs alltid den engelska versionen om du upptäcker
bristande överensstämmelse.
Andra språkversioner kan du skriva ut från CD-skivan med
driftshandboken. Kontakta service om det förekommer problem med
utskrift av handboken.

Примітка Ця Інструкція підготована, схвалена англійською мовою,

англійська версія є версією оригіналу, інструкції будь-якою іншою
(UK) мовою були перекладені постачальниками, схваленими GE. У
випадку виявлення розбіжностей, завжди звертайтеся до
англійської версії.
Версії інструкції іншою мовою, будь ласка, друкуйте з КД, на
якому містяться інструкції з експлуатації. Будь ласка,
звертайтеся до технічного сервісу у випадку виникнення
будь-якої проблеми з друком інструкції з експлуатації.

Not Bu el kitabı, İngilizce olarak hazırlanıp onaylanmıştır, İngilizce

versiyonu orijinal versiyondur, başka bir dildeki el kitaplarının çevirisi
(TR) GE onaylı tedarikçiler tarafından gerçekleştirilir. Tutarsızlık
bulunursa, daima İngilizce versiyonuna bakın.
Diğer dil sürümü için, lütfen kullanım kılavuzu CD’sinden yazdırın.
Kılavuzu yazdırma sırasında herhangi bir sorun olursa lütfen servisle
irtibat kurun.

Piezīme Šī rokasgrāmata ir sagatavota un apstiprināta angļu valodā: angļu

versija ir oriģinālā versija, rokasgrāmatas citās valodās tulkojuši GE
(LV) apstiprināti piegādātāji. Ja atrodat neatbilstību, vienmēr arsaucieties
uz angļu versiju.
Līudzu, izdrukājiet citas valodas versiju no CD. Lūdzu, sazinieties ar
servisu, ja, izdrukājot rokasgrāmatu, rodas problēmas.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 i-7

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5265602-1EN Rev. 17 i-8

Medical Device Directive

DR-F:
DR-F has two configurations: one with CE mark label, the other with no CE mark label.
The CE mark label is located at the side of the Table, as shown below:

The configuration with CE mark label complies with the following requirements.
Council Directive 93/42/ECC concerning medical devices. The year of CE marking is 2012.

EU Authorized Representative:
GE Medical Systems SCS
283 rue de la Minière
78530 BUC, FRANCE

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 ii-1

Manufacturer:
GE HUALUN MEDICAL SYSTEMS Co. Ltd
No1 Yong Chang North Road,
Beijing Economic Technological Development Zone,
BEIJING 100176 China
Both configurations comply with the following requirements:
Green QSD 1990 Standard issued by MDD (Medical Devices Directorate, Department of
Health, UK).
Medical Device Good Manufacturing Practice Manual issued by the FDA (Food and Drug
Administration, Department of Health, USA).
Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. (UL), an independent testing laboratory.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA).
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), international standards organization, when
applicable.

Brivo XR385:
Brivo XR385 has only one configuration: it has no CE mark label.
The product complies with the following requirements:
Green QSD 1990 Standard issued by MDD (Medical Devices Directorate, Department of
Health, UK).
Medical Device Good Manufacturing Practice Manual issued by the FDA (Food and Drug
Administration, Department of Health, USA).
Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. (UL), an independent testing laboratory.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA).
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), international standards organization, when
applicable.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 ii-2

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5265602-1EN Rev. 17 ii-3

Table of Contents

X-Ray Protection and Statement..........................................................................................................i-1

Medical Device Directive.................................................................................................................ii-1
DR-F:................................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
Brivo XR385: ...................................................................................................................................................1-2

Chapter 1: About This Guide

Safety Information...................................................................................................................................... 1-1
Graphic Conventions and Legends..................................................................................................... 1-2
Safety Notices ............................................................................................................................................... 1-3

Chapter 2: Safety and Regulatory

Indications for Use ...................................................................................................................................... 2-1
Safety ................................................................................................................................................................ 2-2
Know the Equipment.................................................................................................................................. 2-3
Equipment Classifications ............................................................................................................... 2-4
Electromagnetic Compatibility.............................................................................................................. 2-4
EMC Compliance Statement .......................................................................................................... 2-5
Compatibility Tables .......................................................................................................................... 2-6
Radiation Safety........................................................................................................................................... 2-9
Monitoring of Personnel ........................................................................................................................ 2-10
Radiation Protection................................................................................................................................ 2-10
Emergency Procedures ......................................................................................................................... 2-11
Safe Operation Precautions................................................................................................................. 2-11
General Use Warnings ................................................................................................................... 2-11
Patient Positioning Warnings ..................................................................................................... 2-14
Table Top Motion Warnings......................................................................................................... 2-15
Symbols......................................................................................................................................................... 2-17
Special Notices .................................................................................................................................. 2-17
X-ray Tube ........................................................................................................................................... 2-18
Power ON and OFF .......................................................................................................................... 2-19
Electrical Type.................................................................................................................................... 2-19

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 TOC-1

Electrical Current .............................................................................................................................. 2-20

Ground................................................................................................................................................... 2-20
Collimator............................................................................................................................................. 2-21
Identification and Compliance Plates ............................................................................................. 2-22
Rating Plates....................................................................................................................................... 2-23
NRTL Listed Label ............................................................................................................................. 2-25
Identification and Compliance Plate Locations ................................................................. 2-25
Regulatory Requirements..................................................................................................................... 2-29
Disposal of Waste ............................................................................................................................ 2-30
Dose Chart ................................................................................................................................................... 2-30
X-ray Source Assembly Filtration ..................................................................................................... 2-31
Dose Indication.......................................................................................................................................... 2-32
Environmental protection..................................................................................................................... 2-33

Chapter 3: Pediatrics and small patients

Pediatric Use .................................................................................................................................................. 3-1
Optimize Pediatric Protocols for your facility................................................................................. 3-1
What Do I Need to Know About?.......................................................................................................... 3-2
Radiation Exposure Sensitivity...................................................................................................... 3-2
Suggestions for Minimizing Unnecessary Dose.................................................................... 3-2
Guidelines for Adjusting Individual Exposure Parameters by patient ........................ 3-3
Patient Dose Reporting..................................................................................................................... 3-4
Dose Index Reporting Consideration ......................................................................................... 3-4
Protocol Database Edit ..................................................................................................................... 3-4

Chapter 4: Quick Step Guides

Current Workflow ........................................................................................................................................ 4-2

Chapter 5: Hardware Overview

Compatible System Components........................................................................................................ 5-2
System Descriptions .................................................................................................................................. 5-3
Acquisition Workstation ........................................................................................................................... 5-4
Mouse Controls..................................................................................................................................... 5-5
Radiology Console Interface Module (RCIM)........................................................................... 5-5
Hand-switch .......................................................................................................................................... 5-9
Bar Code Reader (Option) ............................................................................................................. 5-10
Monitor .................................................................................................................................................. 5-11
Integrated Table........................................................................................................................................ 5-11
Table Top Motion .............................................................................................................................. 5-13

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 TOC-2

Detector Tray ..................................................................................................................................... 5-16

X-Ray Tube Assembly Control Panel....................................................................................... 5-17
Tube Stand Rotation ....................................................................................................................... 5-20
Tube Tilt................................................................................................................................................. 5-21
Collimator............................................................................................................................................. 5-22
DAP Meter (only suitable for the system which includes DAP meter) ..................... 5-25
Compression Band (Option)......................................................................................................... 5-27
Digital Wall Stand ..................................................................................................................................... 5-30
Vertical Positioning .......................................................................................................................... 5-31
Detector loading/Removal........................................................................................................... 5-33
AEC Detector Areas ......................................................................................................................... 5-35
Detector Overview ................................................................................................................................... 5-36
Panel....................................................................................................................................................... 5-36
Specifications ..................................................................................................................................... 5-37
Handling and Cleaning .................................................................................................................. 5-42
Grids................................................................................................................................................................ 5-45
System Interlocks ..................................................................................................................................... 5-45

Chapter 6: General Information

System Start up and Shut Down .......................................................................................................... 6-1
Start up..................................................................................................................................................... 6-2
Shutdown................................................................................................................................................ 6-2
System Login and Log Off ....................................................................................................................... 6-3
Standard Login ..................................................................................................................................... 6-4
Invalid Password Message.............................................................................................................. 6-5
Emergency Login ................................................................................................................................ 6-5
Inactivity Timeout ............................................................................................................................... 6-5
Log Off ...................................................................................................................................................... 6-6
System Reset ................................................................................................................................................. 6-6
Lead Markers ................................................................................................................................................. 6-7
TUBE WARM UP ............................................................................................................................................ 6-7
Tube Warm-up Introduction .......................................................................................................... 6-7
Tube Warm-Up Procedure.............................................................................................................. 6-8
System Status and Messages................................................................................................................6-9
Expose Hold ........................................................................................................................................... 6-9
System Status Area......................................................................................................................... 6-10
Technique Display Area ................................................................................................................ 6-11
Message Log....................................................................................................................................... 6-11

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Audio Indicators ................................................................................................................................ 6-12

ILinq................................................................................................................................................................. 6-13

Chapter 7: Worklist
Overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 7-2
Patient List Columns .......................................................................................................................... 7-6
Messages ................................................................................................................................................ 7-7
Manage List / Find Procedures.............................................................................................................. 7-8
Search By................................................................................................................................................ 7-8
Sort by Column..................................................................................................................................... 7-9
Filter List................................................................................................................................................ 7-10
Refresh .................................................................................................................................................. 7-14
Select Procedures..................................................................................................................................... 7-15
Select a Single Procedure............................................................................................................. 7-15
Select Multiple Procedures........................................................................................................... 7-15
Delete Procedures.................................................................................................................................... 7-16
Delete a Single Procedure ............................................................................................................ 7-16
Delete Suspended Procedures................................................................................................... 7-16
Add Patient / Edit Patient Information............................................................................................ 7-17
Overview............................................................................................................................................... 7-17
Add Patient .......................................................................................................................................... 7-21
Edit Patient Information ................................................................................................................ 7-22

Chapter 8: Image Acquisition

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Chapter 9: Image Management

Chapter 10: Image Viewer

Overview ....................................................................................................................................................... 10-1
Tool Selection List ..................................................................................................................................... 10-4
Select Images ............................................................................................................................................. 10-4
Change Viewing Format and Size..................................................................................................... 10-5
Adjust Images............................................................................................................................................. 10-7
Annotate Images ...................................................................................................................................... 10-9
Customize Annotations ...............................................................................................................10-13
Add Image Annotations...............................................................................................................10-14
Delete Image Annotations .........................................................................................................10-16
Re-process Images ................................................................................................................................10-17
Dose Exposure Indicator (DEI) Function .......................................................................................10-19
DEI Not Displayed ..........................................................................................................................10-21
Corrective Actions ..........................................................................................................................10-21
Mouse Controls........................................................................................................................................10-22
Quality Check ...........................................................................................................................................10-23
Print Images ..............................................................................................................................................10-23
Auto Print............................................................................................................................................10-23
Manual Print......................................................................................................................................10-23
Send Images .............................................................................................................................................10-31
Save Changes to Images ....................................................................................................................10-31

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Chapter 11: Exposure Control

Automatic Exposure Control (AEC).................................................................................................... 11-2
Console Screens................................................................................................................................ 11-2
Ion Chamber Detectors ................................................................................................................. 11-4
Applications for Detector Sensing Areas............................................................................... 11-4
AEC Limitation Messages.............................................................................................................. 11-7
Acquire AEC Images........................................................................................................................ 11-8
Manual Exposure Mode .......................................................................................................................11-10
Method ................................................................................................................................................11-10

Chapter 12: Digital Detector Application

Applications................................................................................................................................................. 12-1
Digital Wall Stand Mode................................................................................................................ 12-2
Integrated Table Mode................................................................................................................... 12-3
Integrated Table Top (Stretcher Table Top) Mode............................................................. 12-4

Chapter 13: Quality Assurance Process

When to Perform QAP ............................................................................................................................ 13-2
Normal QAP......................................................................................................................................... 13-2
QAP Preparation........................................................................................................................................ 13-2
Perform Normal QAP............................................................................................................................... 13-3
Failed Normal QAP.........................................................................................................................13-14
Result History ...........................................................................................................................................13-15

Chapter 14: Maintenance

Periodic Maintenance............................................................................................................................. 14-1
Qualified Service........................................................................................................................................ 14-2
Cleaning and Disinfecting..................................................................................................................... 14-2
Recycling ...................................................................................................................................................... 14-2
Packing Materials ............................................................................................................................. 14-2
Machines or Accessories at end-of-life.................................................................................. 14-3

Chapter 15: Set Preferences

System........................................................................................................................................................... 15-3
Network Connections..................................................................................................................... 15-3
Printers .................................................................................................................................................. 15-9
Worklist........................................................................................................................................................15-15
Default Query...................................................................................................................................15-16
Preset Names...................................................................................................................................15-18

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Image Management..............................................................................................................................15-22
Retry the failed print during boot ...........................................................................................15-22
Copy Exam ........................................................................................................................................15-23
Auto Tag (Quality Check).............................................................................................................15-23
Auto Print............................................................................................................................................15-23
Auto Send (Auto Push) ..................................................................................................................15-27
Auto Delete........................................................................................................................................15-28
Viewer Pre-set Annotations ...............................................................................................................15-31
Pre-set Annotations ......................................................................................................................15-31
DEI (Detector Exposure Indicator) ...................................................................................................15-35
Change the DEI Display...............................................................................................................15-36
Change the Lower and Upper Limits ....................................................................................15-37
Enable or Disable Technical Mode .........................................................................................15-37
Export the DEI Log..........................................................................................................................15-37
Image Processing ...................................................................................................................................15-38
Build Custom Looks.......................................................................................................................15-39
Change Default Factory Looks for Exams..........................................................................15-44
Tissue Equalization Overview ...................................................................................................15-45
Protocols .....................................................................................................................................................15-49
Backup Protocol Database to CD/DVD ................................................................................15-49
Retrieve Protocol Database from CD/DVD.........................................................................15-50
Edit Protocol Database ................................................................................................................15-50
Protocol Editor Copy Functions ...............................................................................................15-58

Appendix A: Login Administration

Enabling EA3 Login .....................................................................................................................................A-2
Understanding Local and Enterprise Environments ...................................................................A-2
Understanding Privileges, Groups, and Users................................................................................A-2
Administering Groups and Users .........................................................................................................A-3
Accessing the Login Administration Screens .........................................................................A-3
Working with Groups.........................................................................................................................A-5
Working with Users ............................................................................................................................A-8
Viewing the Audit Log............................................................................................................................. A-12
Administering System Configuration .............................................................................................. A-13
Change Display Settings and Enable Enterprise Authorization ................................. A-13
Configure Enterprise Authorization ......................................................................................... A-15
Configure Audit Log......................................................................................................................... A-16
Use LDAP Console ............................................................................................................................ A-17

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Appendix B: System Specification

Environment Requirements ....................................................................................................................B-1
Transportation and Storage Conditions ...................................................................................B-1
Operating Conditions.........................................................................................................................B-1
Power Supply Conditions.................................................................................................................B-1
Power Output ................................................................................................................................................B-2
X-ray Tube Voltage .....................................................................................................................................B-2
X-ray Tube Current .....................................................................................................................................B-2
DOSE/DAP Specification ...........................................................................................................................B-2
Time of Exposure .........................................................................................................................................B-2
Current Time Product.................................................................................................................................B-3
Preferences Output.....................................................................................................................................B-3
X-ray Tube Assembly.................................................................................................................................B-3
Collimator ........................................................................................................................................................B-3
X-ray Source Assembly ............................................................................................................................B-3
Radiation Protection...................................................................................................................................B-4
Mechanical Movement Range (Length & Angle) ...........................................................................B-4
Braking Force and Starting Force ........................................................................................................B-4
Load Bearing..................................................................................................................................................B-5
Noise..................................................................................................................................................................B-5

Appendix C: Glossary of Terms and Acronyms

A...........................................................................................................................................................................C-1
B...........................................................................................................................................................................C-1
C...........................................................................................................................................................................C-2
D...........................................................................................................................................................................C-2
E ...........................................................................................................................................................................C-3
F ...........................................................................................................................................................................C-4
G...........................................................................................................................................................................C-4
H...........................................................................................................................................................................C-4
I.............................................................................................................................................................................C-4
K...........................................................................................................................................................................C-5
L............................................................................................................................................................................C-5
M..........................................................................................................................................................................C-5
N...........................................................................................................................................................................C-5
O...........................................................................................................................................................................C-6
P ...........................................................................................................................................................................C-6
Q...........................................................................................................................................................................C-6

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R ...........................................................................................................................................................................C-6
S ...........................................................................................................................................................................C-7
T ...........................................................................................................................................................................C-8
U...........................................................................................................................................................................C-8
W .........................................................................................................................................................................C-8

Appendix D: Revision History

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 TOC-9

Chapter 1

About This Guide

This chapter explains the purpose and design of this Learning and Reference Guide. It is an
introduction to the guide, providing information on the purpose, prerequisite skills, guide
organization, chapter format, and graphic conventions that identify the visual symbols used
throughout the guide.
Topics covered include:
• Safety Information
• Graphic Conventions and Legends
• Safety Notices

Safety Information
Please refer to Chapter 2: Safety and Regulatory in this Learning and Reference Guide. The
Safety chapter describes the safety information you and the physicians must understand
thoroughly before you begin to use the system. Note that you will find additional safety
information throughout your Learning and Reference Guide. Additional training is available,
contact qualified GE Healthcare personnel for a training. The equipment is intended for use
by qualified personnel only. This guide should be kept with the equipment and be readily
available at all times. It is important for you to periodically review the procedures and safety
precautions. It is important for you to read and understand the contents of this guide before
attempting to use this product.
The targeted clinical users include qualified trained doctors, radiographers, or radiographic
technicians/technologists (RTs) working in various locations. Locations may include
orthopedic clinics, radiology imaging centers, hospital radiology departments, or hospital
orthopedic departments.

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About This Guide

Graphic Conventions and Legends

Table 1-1 describes the conventions used when working with menus, buttons, text boxes
and keyboard keys.
Table 1-1 Conventions for menus, buttons, text boxes, and keyboard keys

Example Describes

Select • Marking an option in a group of check boxes or

radial buttons
• Choosing an option from a drop-down list
• Activating a tab
• Highlighting text
• Highlighting row items

Press ENTER Pressing a hard key on the keyboard.

Press CTRL+ALT+DELETE Pressing a combination of keys on the keyboard. The

key that should be pressed first is listed first.

Press and hold SHIFT Pressing and holding down a hard key on the
keyboard.

Click [START EXAM] Clicking a button on a workstation screen.

In the Matrix text box,... The name of text box in which you can select or type
text or the name of a drop-down list from which you
select an option.

Type Supine in the Patient Text you enter into a text box.
Position text box (different font
and bold)

Select Sort > Sort by date The pathway of selecting option(s) in a drop-down
list.

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About This Guide

Safety Notices
The following safety notices are used to emphasize certain safety instructions. This guide
uses the international symbol along with the danger, warning, or caution message. This
section also describes the purpose of a Note.

DANGER: Danger is used to identify conditions or actions for which a specific hazard is
known to exist which will cause severe personal injury, death, or substantial
property damage if the instructions are ignored.

WARNING: Warning is used to identify conditions or actions for which a specific hazard
is known to exist which may cause severe personal injury, death, or
substantial property damage if the instructions are ignored.

CAUTION: Caution is used to identify conditions or actions for which a potential hazard
may exist which will or can cause minor personal injury or property damage
if the instructions are ignored.
NOTE: A Note provides additional information that is helpful to you. It may emphasize certain
information regarding special tools or techniques, items to check before proceeding,
or factors to consider about a concept or task.

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Safety and Regulatory

Chapter 2

Safety and Regulatory

This chapter explains the safety considerations, general equipment and patient related
precautions, and the symbols used for the safe operation of your equipment. This chapter
also includes information about the emergency procedures.
This chapter presents the concepts necessary to successfully operate your system safely.
Topics covered include:

• Indications for Use • Safe Operation Precautions

• Safety • Symbols
• Know the Equipment • Identification and Compliance Plates
• Electromagnetic Compatibility • Regulatory Requirements
• Radiation Safety • Dose Chart
• Emergency Procedures • X-ray Source Assembly Filtration
• Dose Indication • Dose Indication
• Environmental protection

Indications for Use

The DR-F is a Medical Diagnostic Radiography System. It is intended to generate
radiographic images of human anatomy. It is applicable for all the patients who need any of
these general purpose diagnostic procedures. This device is not intended for
mammographic and dental applications.
The Brivo XR385 Digital X-Ray System is intended for use on both adult and pediatric
subjects for taking diagnostic radiographic exposures of the skull, spinal column, chest,
abdomen, extremities, and other body parts. Applications can be performed with the patient
sitting, standing, or lying in the prone or supine position. This device is not intended for
mammographic applications.

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Safety and Regulatory

Safety
The electrical wiring of the relevant rooms complies with all national and local codes, as well
as the Regulations for the electrical equipment of buildings published by the Institution of
Electrical Engineers. All assembly operations, extensions, re-adjustments, modifications, or
repairs are carried out by GE Healthcare Technologies authorized service representatives.
The equipment must be used in accordance with the instructions for use.

WARNING: This X-Ray unit may be dangerous to patient and operator, unless safe
exposure factors, operating instructions and maintenance schedules are
observed.
To be used by authorized personnel only.

WARNING: Electric Shock Hazard! Do not remove covers or panels. The Acquisition
Console and cabinets contain high voltage circuits for generating and
controlling X-rays. Prevent possible electric shock by leaving covers or panels
on the equipment. There are no operator serviceable parts or adjustments
inside the cabinets. Only trained and qualified personnel should be permitted
access to the internal parts of this equipment.

WARNING: Only GEHC validated equipment can be plugged into the interface in any part
of this system. Leakage current requirements of non-validated equipment
cannot be maintained with high confidence.

WARNING: Workstation, display and any other non-medical electrical equipment used in
this system shall only be connected to the system power distribution units.
never supply electrical power directly from the wall outlet (mains outlet).

WARNING: Only table, wall stand, digital detector, tube assembly, collimator and system
cabinet which are specified to be installed in the examination room are
suitable for use in patient environment. any other equipment or component
specified to be installed in control room shall not be brought into and use in
patient environment.

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Safety and Regulatory

WARNING: Radiographic equipment must be operated by qualified personnel and only

after sufficient training.

WARNING: To avoid the risk of electric shock, this equipment must only be connected to
a supply mains with protective earth.

WARNING: Restrict access to the EQUIPMENT in accordance with local regulations for
RADIATION PROTECTION.

CAUTION: The Acquisition Console must be kept as vertical as possible to prevent over
heating, which could damage the console. Do not place the console flat. Do
not place any object on the console that could restrict air flow through the
console.

CAUTION: Do not place any object on the cabinets that would restrict air flow from the
top of the cabinet.

CAUTION: Always be alert to safety when you operate this equipment. You must be
familiar enough with the equipment to recognize any malfunctions that can
be a hazard. If a malfunction occurs or a safety problem is known to exist, do
not use this equipment until qualified personnel correct the problem.

CAUTION: It is the User’s responsibility to provide the means for audio and visual
communication between the Operator and the patient.

Know the Equipment

Read and understand all of the instructions in this Learning and Reference Guide before
attempting to use the product.

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Safety and Regulatory

Equipment Classifications
This product is a stationary general purpose radiographic x-ray system. The following
equipment classifications are applicable to this product:
• Equipment classification with respect to protection from electric shock: Class I
• Degree of protection from electric shock: Type B
• Degree of protection against ingress of liquids: IPXO
• Equipment not suitable for use in the presence of a flammable anesthetic mixture with
air or with nitrous oxide
• Mode of operation: Continuous operation with intermittent loading

This equipment meets the following Safety Standards:

• IEC 60601-1
• IEC 60601-1-1
• IEC 60601-1-2
• IEC 60601-1-3
• IEC 60601-1-4
• IEC 60601-1-6
• IEC 60601-2-7
• IEC 60601-2-28
• IEC 60601-2-32

Electromagnetic Compatibility

WARNING: This system is intended for use by healthcare professionals only. This system
may cause radio interference or may disrupt the operation of nearby
equipment. It may be necessary to take mitigation measures, such as
re-orienting or relocating the system or shielding the location.

WARNING: This medial electrical equipment / system needs special precautions

regarding EMC and needs to be installed and put into service according to the
EMC information provided in the accompanying documents.

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Safety and Regulatory

WARNING: Portable and mobile RF communications equipment can affect this medical
electrical system. Make sure those communication equipment are powered
off before they are taken near this equipment / system.

EMC Compliance Statement

This equipment complies with IEC 60601-1-2 Edition 3 (2007-03) EMC standards for medical
devices.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. The equipment
may cause radio frequency interference to other medical and non-medical devices and
radio communications.
To provide reasonable protection against such interference, this product complies with the
radiated emission standard limits as per CISPR11 Group1 Class A standard limits. However,
there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
If this equipment is found to cause interference (which may be determined by turning the
equipment on and off), the user (or qualified service personnel) should attempt to correct
the problem by one or more of the following measure(s):
• Reorient or relocate the affected device(s)
• Increase the separation between the equipment and the affected device (see
recommended separation distances in Table 2-4)
• Power the equipment from a source different from that of the affected device
• Consult the point of purchase or service representative for further suggestions
The manufacturer is not responsible for any interference caused by using other than
recommended interconnect cables or by unauthorized changes or modifications to this
equipment. Unauthorized changes or modifications could void the users' authority to
operate the equipment.
All interconnect cables to peripheral devices must be shielded and properly grounded,
except when technologically prohibited. Use of cables not properly shielded and grounded
may result in the equipment causing radio frequency interference.
These systems are intended for use in non-domestic environments, and not directly
connected to the Public Mains Network that supplies buildings used for domestic purposes.
Fixed X-ray machines are susceptible to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) from radio
frequencies, magnetic fields, and transient in the air or power leads. They also generate EMI.
The Brivo XR385 complies with limits as stated on the EMC label. However there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. Possible EMI sources
should be identified before the unit is installed.

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Safety and Regulatory

Electrical and electronic equipment may produce EMI unintentionally as the result of defect.
These sources may include:
• CT scanner
• MRI scanners
• High frequency surgical devices
• Diathermic devices
The presence of a broadcast station or broadcast van may also cause interference.
The magnetic field environment from a MRI device located nearby is a risk of interference.
All of the above are required to achieve the Electromagnetic Compatibility for a typical
installation of the system.

Compatibility Tables
These equipment comply with IEC 60601-1-2 Edition 3 (2007-03) EMC standards for medical
devices.
Each product is suitable to be used in an electromagnetic environment, as per the limits &
recommendations described in the tables hereafter:
• Emission Compliance level & limits (Table 2-1).
• Immunity Compliance level & recommendations to maintain equipment clinical utility
(see Table 2-2 and Table 2-3).
Note: These systems comply with above mentioned EMC standard when used with supplied
cables.If different cable lengths are required, contact a qualified service representative for
advice.

Electromagnetic Emission
Table 2-1 Guidance and manufacturer’s declaration – electromagnetic emissions

Guidance and manufacturer’s declaration – electromagnetic emissions

Each product is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or the user of each
product should assure that it is used in such an environment.
Emissions Test Compliance Electromagnetic environment – guidance
RF emissions, CISPR 11 Each product uses RF energy only for its internal function. Therefore, its
Group 1 RF emissions are very low and are not likely to cause any interference in
nearby electronic equipment.
RF emissions, CISPR 11 Class A Each product is suitable for use in non-domestic environments, and not
Harmonic emissions, directly connected to the Public Mains Network.
Not applicable
IEC 61000-3-2 Each product is intended for use (e.g. in hospitals) with an appropriate
power supply (see operation manual) and the recommended shielding
Voltage fluctuations/
for portable use.
flicker emissions, Not applicable
IEC 61000-3-3

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Electromagnetic Immunity
Table 2-2 Guidance and manufacturer’s declaration – electromagnetic immunit

Guidance and manufacturer’s declaration – electromagnetic immunity

Electrostatic discharge +/− 6 kV contact. +/− 6 kV contacta. Floors should be wood, concrete, or
(ESD), IEC 61000-4-2 +/− 8 kV air. +/− 8 kV air. ceramic tile. If floors are covered
with synthetic material, the relative
humidity should be at least 30%.

Electrical fast transient/ +/− 2 kV for power supply +/− 2 kV for power Mains power quality should be that
burst, IEC 61000-4-4 lines. supply lines. of a typical commercial or hospital
+/− 1 kV for input/output +/− 1 kV for input/output environment
lines. lines.
Surge, IEC 61000-4-5 ±1 kV differential mode ±1 kV differential mode Mains power quality should be that of a typical
±2 kV common mode ±2 kV common mode commercial or hospital environment.

Voltage dips, short < 5% UT (> 95% dip in UT) 0% UT for 5 sec. Mains power quality should be that of a typical
interruptions and for 0.5 cycle. commercial or hospital environment. If the user
voltage variations on 40% UT , (60% dip in UT) for of the system requires continued operation
5 cycles.
power supply input during power mains interruptions, it is
lines, IEC 61000-4-11 70% UT , (30% dip in UT) for recommended that the system be powered
25 cycles.
from an un-interruptible power supply or a
< 5% UT, (> 95% dip in UT) battery.
for 5 cycles
Power frequency (50/60 3 A/m 3 A/m Power frequency magnetic fields should be at
Hz) magnetic field, levels characteristic of a typical location in a
IEC 61000-4-8 typical commercial or hospital environment.

a.For DR-F/Brivo XR385 system with DAP meter integrated, Contact discharge may cause the DAP meter
temporary loss of function. A system reboot can make the DAP meter functional again.

NOTE: These are guidelines. Actual conditions may vary.

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Safety and Regulatory

Table 2-3 Guidance and manufacturer’s declaration – electromagnetic immunity

Guidance and manufacturer’s declaration – electromagnetic immunity

Each product is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or the user of each product should
assure that it is used in such an environment.
Immunity Test IEC 60601 Test Level Compliance Level Electromagnetic Environment Guidance
Conducted RF, 3 Vrms, 3Vrms Portable and mobile RF communications equipment
IEC 61000-4-6 150 kHz ~ 80 MHz should be used no closer to any part of each product,
including cables, than the recommended separation
distance calculated from the equation appropriate for
Radiated RF 3V/m 3V/m the frequency of the transmitter.
IEC 61000-4-3
80 MHz~2.5GHz Recommended Separation Distance

80 MHz to 800 MHz

800 MHz to 2.5 GHz

where, P is the maximum output power rating of the
transmitter in watts (W) according to the transmitter
manufacturer and d is the recommended separation
distance in metres (m).
Field strengths from fixed RF transmitters, as
determined by an electromagnetic site surveya,
should
be less than the compliance level in each frequency
rangeb.
Interference may occur in the vicinity of equipment
marked with the following symbol:

NOTE 1 At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the higher frequency range applies.
NOTE 2 These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption and reflection from
structures, objects and people.
a Field strengths from fixed transmitters, such as base stations for radio (cellular/cordless) telephones and land mobile radios,
amateur radio, AM and FM radio broadcast and TV broadcast cannot be predicted theoretically with accuracy. To assess the
electromagnetic environment due to fixed RF transmitters, an electromagnetic site survey should be considered. If the measured field
strength in the location in which the each product is used exceeds the applicable RF compliance level above, each product should be
observed to verify normal operation. If abnormal performance is observed, additional measures may be necessary, such as
re-orienting or relocating each product.
b Over the frequency range 150 kHz to 80 MHz, field strengths should be less than 3 V/m.

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Safety and Regulatory

Table 2-4 Recommended separation distances between portable and mobile RF

communications equipment and each product – for EQUIPMENT and SYSTEMS that are not
LIFE-SUPPORTING.
Recommended separation distances between portable and mobile RF communications equipment and the products
Each product is intended for use in an electromagnetic environment in which radiated RF disturbances are
controlled. The customer or the user of each product can help prevent electromagnetic interference by
maintaining a minimum distance between portable and mobile RF communications equipment
(transmitters) and each product as recommended below, according to the maximum output power of the
communications equipment.
Separation distance according to frequency of transmitter m
150 kHz to 80 MHz 80 MHz to 800 MHz 800 MHz to 2.5 GHz
Rated Maximum Output Power (P)
of Transmitter Watts (W)

0.01 0.12 0.12 0.23

0.1 0.37 0.37 0.74

1 1.17 1.17 2.33

10 3.69 3.69 7.38

100 11.67 11.67 23.33

For transmitters rated at a maximum output power not listed above, the recommended separation distance d in metres
(m) can be estimated using the equation applicable to the frequency of the transmitter, where P is the maximum output
power rating of the transmitter in watts (W) according to the transmitter manufacturer.
NOTE 1 At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the separation distance for the higher frequency range applies.
NOTE 2 These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by reflection from
structures, objects and people.

Radiation Safety
Always use the proper technical factors for each procedure to minimize X-ray exposure and
to produce the best diagnostic results. In particular, you must be thoroughly familiar with
the safety precautions before operating this system. Default system techniques are
recommended for AEC acquisition. Default techniques are designed to optimize the image
processing parameters.

CAUTION: There should be no people other than the patient in the exam room during
x-ray exposure. If circumstances require another person to enter the room
while x-ray exposures are planned or possible, that person should wear a lead
apron in accordance with accepted safety practices.

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Safety and Regulatory

Monitoring of Personnel
Monitoring of personnel to determine the amount of radiation to which they have been
exposed provides a valuable cross check to determine whether or not safety measures are
adequate. It may reveal inadequate or improper radiation protection practices and
potentially serious radiation exposure situations.
The most effective method of determining whether or not the existing protective measures
are adequate is the use of instruments to measure the exposure. These measurements
should be taken at all locations where the operator, or any portion of the body may be
exposed. Exposure must never exceed the accepted tolerable dose. A frequently used, but
less accurate, method of determining the amount of exposure is the placement of film at
strategic locations. After a specified period of time, develop the film to determine the
amount of radiation.A common method of determining whether personnel have been
exposed to excessive radiation is the use of personal radiation dosimeters. These consist of
X-ray sensitive film or thermoluminescent material enclosed within a holder that may be
worn on the body. Even though this device only measures the radiation which reaches the
area of the body on which they are worn, they do provide a reasonable indication of the
amount of radiation received.

Radiation Protection
Because exposure to X-ray radiation may be damaging to health, use great care to provide
protection against exposure to the primary beam. Some of the effects of X-ray radiation are
cumulative and may extend over a period of months or years. The best safety rule for X-ray
operator is “Avoid exposure to the primary beam at all times”.
Any object in the path of the primary beam produces secondary (scattered) radiation. The
intensity of the secondary radiation is dependent upon the energy and intensity of the
primary beam and the atomic number for the object material struck by the primary beam.
Secondary radiation may be of greater intensity than that of the radiation reaching the film.
Take protective measures to safeguard against it.
An effective protective measure is the use of lead shielding. To minimize dangerous
exposure, use such items as lead screens, lead impregnated gloves, aprons, thyroid collars,
etc. The lead screen should contain a minimum of 2.0 mm of lead or equivalent and personal
protective devices (aprons, gloves, etc.) must contain a minimum of 0.25 mm of lead or
equivalent. For confirmation of the local requirements at your site, please refer to your
“Local Radiation Protection Rules” as provided by your Radiation Protection Advisor.

WARNING: While operating or servicing x-ray equipment, always keep a distance not less
than 2 meters from the focal spot and X-ray beam, protect body and do not
expose hands, wrists, arms or other parts of the body to the primary beam.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-10

Emergency Procedures
It is not always possible to determine when some components, such as the X-ray tubes, are
nearing the end of their operating lives. These components could stop operating during a
patient examination.

WARNING: The facility must establish procedures for handling the patient in case of the
loss of radiographic imaging or other system functions during an exam.

WARNING: Do not use device should a safety problem occur and contact authorized
service immediately.

WARNING: In case of non-stopped exposure, Push the Emergency Stop button on the
product to stop X-ray exposure should a hazard develop that may endanger
the patient, operator or by-standers.

Safe Operation Precautions

General Use Warnings

WARNING: Do not load non-system software onto the system computer. This may cause
system to crash.

WARNING: If applicable, patient connected lines, tubes, etc. shall be long enough to allow
full travel of the system and should not become pinched or pulled.

WARNING: Use of operation methods other than those specified herein may result in
hazardous radiation exposure.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-11

WARNING: For continued safe use of this equipment, follow the instructions contained
in this Learning and Reference Guide. Study this guide carefully before using
the equipment and keep it at hand for quick reference. It may be desirable for
the facility to print this manual from a standard PC to have a hard copy
available within the Radiology department.

WARNING: United States Federal Law restricts this device to use by or on the order of a
physician.

WARNING: The table must be used only by qualified personnel and only after training in
the specifics of these operations.

WARNING: It is the responsibility of the operator to ensure the safety of the patient at all
times. When the table is in use the patient should be monitored by visual
observation, use of proper patient positioning, and use of the protective
devices provided.

WARNING: Thoroughly check that there is no interference or possibility of collision

between the patient and other equipment.

WARNING: Perform periodic maintenance to ensure continued safe use of the

equipment. Follow recommended preventative maintenance schedule as
outlined in the GE Field Service Manual.

WARNING: To prevent patient injuries when getting on or off the floating table, move the
x-ray tube up and the tube stand to one side.

WARNING: Potential Pinch Point: Take care of the patients feet not under the foot pedal.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-12

WARNING: Part of the circuit inside the system cabinet has dangerous voltages, so part
of the electriferous circuits should be powered off by wall brake.

WARNING: Never exceed the rated load of patient handling devices.

WARNING: If safety problem occurs, please contact Authorized service immediately.

CAUTION: Always use GEHC recommended accessories to ensure best performance and
to avoid possible hazards.

CAUTION: Always assist the patient during loading and unloading from table or wall
stand.

CAUTION: Keep the patient in full view at all times and never leaves the patient
unattended while on the table.

CAUTION: Please carefully monitor all equipment motions to prevent collisions.

Attention shall be drawn during operation to prevent possible injuries that
could result from collision of the power-driven equipment parts with other
moving or stationary items likely to be in the environment.

CAUTION: Please check for obstructions before moving the equipment; do not drive the
equipment into or onto fixed objects.

CAUTION: Detector tethered cable may cause a trip hazard.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-13

Patient Positioning Warnings

WARNING: During patient procedures, ensure the patient’s head, hands and feet are
completely within the tabletop area. If any portion of the patient’s body
extends over the edge of the tabletop, serious injury may result.

WARNING: The maximum supported weight, with the tabletop fully extended toward the
head or foot end of the table, is 180 kg (397 lbs) for DR-F table and 220 kg (485
lbs) for Brivo XR385 table. provided the patient is fully prostrate. Exceeding
this limit may cause equipment damage or injury to the patient.

WARNING: Digital table is designed to remain stable under normal conditions, but when
necessary for special patient loads and positioning, it will move when
sufficient force is applied. If no longitudinal movement or if abnormal patient
loading is required, modifications must be made to ensure the tabletop is
locked longitudinally into position.

WARNING: Never let patient put limbs outside of tabletop area, serious injury could occur
if patient is not attended properly. At the same time, operators shall also
watch themselves for the moving parts on the table to avoid possible injury
to fingers, hands, feet or any other parts of body structure.

WARNING: Always, watch all parts of the patient table to verify there is no interference
or possibility of collision with the patient or with other equipment. The
maximum patient weight supported with the table top fully extended towards
the head or foot end is 180 kg (397 lbs) for DR-F table and 220 kg (485 lbs) for
Brivo XR385 table evenly distributed over the surface of the tabletop.
Exceeding this limit may cause injury to the patient or equipment damage.
When moving the table, cautiously put hand on table top. DO NOT grasp table
top side to drive table movement. Injury of operator or patient hands may
occur.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-14

Table Top Motion Warnings

WARNING: When the power to the table is off, the tabletop can move longitudinally freely
and lateral tabletop locks. To avoid injuries, monitor the tabletop movement.

WARNING: The operator should assist patient to get on or off the table.

WARNING: Before patient gets on or off the table, please confirm the Indicator (Figure
5-12) in X-ray tube assembly control panel is on. If the Indicator goes out,
tabletop would move freely. In this situation to avoid injuries, do not allow
patient get on the table. If patient is already on the table, Operator should
assist patient to get off.

WARNING: Before the patient gets on or off the tabletop, always avoid injuries to the
patient and the operator or damage to the equipment if a control pedal is
accidentally engaged.

WARNING: To avoid injury to fingers and hand do not allow the patient's or operator's
fingers to be extended over the edges of the table top. Hands must be kept
away from table top edges at all times.

WARNING: Proper supporting and braking shall be taken if the child is required to stand
on the table for any examination.

WARNING: When power to the patient table is cut off, the table top can move
longitudinally freely and lateral tabletop locks. When there is no power
applied to the table, it is the responsibility of the operator to avoid injuries by
monitoring table top movement.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-15

DANGER: Potential Pinch Point: please carefully press the foot pedal to release the table
top, to avoid table top finger pinch.

FRONT

REAR

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-16

Symbols
This section explains the symbols used on this system and in its accompanying documents.

Special Notices
Table 2-1 Special notices

Symbol Description

Dangerous voltage. This indicates an avoidable, dangerous,

high voltage hazard.

This symbol on the equipment indicates the operating

instructions should be consulted to assure safe operation.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-17

Symbol Description

Follow instructions for use.

Emergency stop button. The button is located on RCIM.

It’s used to power down the system immediately, also stops
image exposure.

X-ray Tube
Table 2-5 describes the operational symbols for the system such as X-ray emissions and
collimator locations.
Table 2-5 Operational symbols

Symbol Description

X-ray emission is used to indicate the X-ray tube head is

emitting X-rays. Take adequate precautions to prevent the
possibility of any persons carelessly, unwisely, or unknowingly
exposing themselves or others to radiation.

X-ray source assembly is used to indicate a reference to an

X-ray source assembly.

Identifies controls or indicators associated with the selection

of a small focal spot or the connection for the corresponding
filament.

Identifies controls or indicators associated with the selection

of focal spot or the connection for the corresponding filament.
When used with the small focal spot symbol, this symbol
applies to the larger focal spot. When used with the large focal
spot symbol, this symbol applies to the smaller focal spot.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-18

Symbol Description

Identifies controls or indicators associated with the selection

of a large focal spot or the connection for the corresponding
filament.

Power ON and OFF

Table 2-6 describes the power controls of the system, located on the RCIM.
Table 2-6 Power controls

Symbol Description

A gray SYSTEM RESET button is used to reset the system. The

button is located on the RCIM.

A green POWER ON button is used to turn on the power to the

system. The button is located on the RCIM.

Electrical Type
Table 2-7 describes the electrical protection rating based on system type.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-19

Table 2-7 Electrical type

Symbol Description

Type B Equipment indicates the equipment provides a

particular degree of protection against electrical shock
regarding leakage current and protective earthing per
IEC60601-1.

Electrical Current
Table 2-8 describes the symbols for the different types of electrical current that may be
used on your system.
Table 2-8 Electrical current types

Symbol Description

Alternating Current indicates the equipment is suitable for

alternating current only.

Direct Current indicates the equipment is suitable for direct

current only.

Both direct and alternating currents indicate the equipment is

suitable for both direct and alternating current.

Ground
Table 2-9 describes the different types of grounding used in your system.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-20

Table 2-9 Ground types

Symbol Description

Functional Earth (ground) Terminal indicates a terminal

directly connected to a point of a measuring supply or control
circuit or to a screening part, which is intended to be earthed
for functional purposes.

Noiseless (clean) earth (ground) identifies any terminal of a

specially designed earthing system where noise from earth of
leads will not cause a malfunction of the equipment.

Protective earth (ground) identifies any terminal which is

intended for connection of an external protective conductor to
protect against electrical shock in case of a fault.

Frame or chassis identify the frame or chassis terminal.

Equipotentiality identifies terminals that bring the various

parts of equipment or systems to the same potential when
connected together. These terminals are not necessarily at
earth (ground) potential. The value of the potential may be
indicated next to the symbol.

Collimator
Table 2-10 describes the collimator controls and the radiation field.
Table 2-10 Collimator descriptions

Symbol Description

Control for indicating radiation field by using light.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-21

Symbol Description

Identifies controls for opening the collimator blades, or

indicates partially or fully open state.

Identifies controls for closing the collimator blades, or

indicates closed state.

Indicates the collimator blades are closed. The controlled

blades are shown in thicker lines.

Indicates the collimator blades are open. The controlled

blades are shown in thicker lines.

Identification and Compliance Plates

Product identification labels can be found on the tops and sides of the cabinets, the rear of
monitors, and other exterior surfaces on the equipment. The types of system identification
compliance plates are located in Table 2-11. Contact service personnel if you can not find
these plates.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-22

Rating Plates
PRODUCT OR RATING PLATES LOCATION
COMPONENTS
DR-F SYSTEM

GE HUALUN MEDICAL SYSTEMS Co. Ltd

No. 1, Yong Chang North Road,
Economic & Technology Development Zone,
Beijing, PR China 100176 Made in China

Description: Digital Diagnostic Radiography System

Model: DR-F
Part Number: 6188888
Source: 380/400/440/480Vac 3~ 50/60Hz
Input Current: 110A (Momentary), 9A (Continuous)
Output Power: 50KW (Maximum) Class I
Serial Number:
Manufactured:

BRIVO XR385
SYSTEM
GE HUALUN MEDICAL SYSTEMS Co. Ltd
No. 1, Yong Chang North Road,
Economic & Technology Development Zone,
Beijing, PR China 100176 Made in China

Description: Digital Diagnostic Radiographic System

Model: Brivo XR385
Part Number: 6188888
Source: 380/400/440/480Vac 3~ 50/60Hz
Input Current: 110A (Momentary), 9A (Continuous) Class I
Output Power: 50KW (Maximum)
Serial Number:
Manufactured:
Complies with DHHS radiation performance standards 21 CFR Subchapter J

DR-F TABLE

GE HUALUN MEDICAL SYSTEMS Co. Ltd

No. 1, Yong Chang North Road,
Economic & Technology Development Zone,
Beijing, PR China 100176 Made in China

Description: Pioneer DR Table

Part Number: 5233510
Source: 24VDC 10A
Serial Number: Class I
Manufactured:

BRIVOXR385
TABLE
GE HUALUN MEDICAL SYSTEMS Co. Ltd
No. 1, Yong Chang North Road,
Economic & Technology Development Zone,
Beijing, PR China 100176 Made in China

Description: Pioneer DR Table

Part Number: 5400324
Source: 24VDC 10A
Serial Number:
Manufactured: Class I

Complies with DHHS radiation performance standards

21 CFR Subchapter J

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-23

PRODUCT OR RATING PLATES LOCATION

COMPONENTS
PDU

GE HUALUN MEDICAL SYSTEMS Co. Ltd

No. 1, Yong Chang North Road,
Economic & Technology Development Zone,
Beijing, PR China 100176 Made in China

Description: Power Distribution Unit

Part Number: 5220653
Source: 380/400/440/480VAC 3~ 50/60Hz
Input Current: 110A (Momentary), 9A (Continuous)Class I
Serial Number:
Manufactured:

STANDARD
WALL STAND
GE HUALUN MEDICAL SYSTEMS Co. Ltd
No. 1, Yong Chang North Road,
Economic & Technology Development Zone,
Beijing, PR China 100176 Made in China

Description: Pioneer DR Wallstand

Part Number: 5233511
Source: 24VDC 1A
Serial Number:
Manufactured: Class I

Complies with DHHS radiation performance standards

21 CFR Subchapter J

TOSHIBA
E7843X X-RAY
TUBE

TOSHIBA
E7884X X-RAY
TUBE

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-24

PRODUCT OR RATING PLATES LOCATION

COMPONENTS
GE VAMANA
TUBE
(FOR CHINA
ONLY)

COLLIMATOR

GE HUALUN MEDICAL SYSTEMS Co. Ltd

No. 1, Yong Chang North Road,
Economic & Technology Development Zone,
Beijing, PR China 100176 Made in China

Description: Manual Collimator

Model: 5189248
Max KV: 150kVp
Eq. Filtration: 1.5mmAl @100kVp Class I
Input Rating: 24V DC 6A
Serial No. :
Manufactured:
Complies With DHHS Radiation Performance Standards 21CFR Subchapter J

WORKSTATION
GE HUALUN MEDICAL SYSTEMS Co. Ltd
No. 1, Yong Chang North Road,
Beijing Economic & Technological Development Zone,
Beijing, PR China 100176
Made in China

Description: XR Control PC
Part/Model #: 5390193 Class I
Serial Number:
Manufactured:

COMPLIES WITH DHHS RADIATION PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

21CFR SUBCHAPTER J

NRTL Listed Label

The Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) label indicates that the assembly is
listed or recognized by a nationally recognized testing laboratory (i.e. ETL, UL, CSA).
Figure 2-1 ETL Listed Label

Identification and Compliance Plate Locations

Table 2-11 identifies the type of compliance plates and their location on your system.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-25

Table 2-11 System identification and compliance plates

Component Plate Type

X-ray Tube, X-ray Tube Casing Identification, CE, NRTL

Radiology Console Interface Module (RCIM) Identification

Acquisition Workstation Identification, NRTL

Table Identification

Collimator Identification, NRTL

Wall stand Identification

Flat Panel Monitor Identification, NRTL, CE

Jedi Generator Identification, NRTL, IEC

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-26

Table Top Finger-Pinch Warning Labels (2)

WARNING TO AVOID INJURY WARNING TO AVOID INJURY

TO FINGERS AND HANDS OF TO FINGERS AND HANDS OF
PATIENT AND OPERATOR CAUSED PATIENT AND OPERATOR CAUSED
BY TABLE TOP MOVEMENT, HANDS BY TABLE TOP MOVEMENT, HANDS
MUST BE KEPT AWAY FROM TABLE MUST BE KEPT AWAY FROM TABLE
TOP EDGES AT ALL TIMES. TOP EDGES AT ALL TIMES.

䄺ਞ ᑞ䴶ᵓ䖤ࡼᯊ⽕䄺ਞ ᑞ䴶ᵓ䖤ࡼᯊ⽕

ℶᙷ㗙៪᪡԰㗙᠟੠᠟ᣛ ℶᙷ㗙៪᪡԰㗙᠟੠᠟ᣛ
㕂Ѣᑞ䴶ᵓϟᮍˈҹ䙓‫ܡ‬ 㕂Ѣᑞ䴶ᵓϟᮍˈҹ䙓‫ܡ‬
䗴៤ӸᆇǄ 䗴៤ӸᆇǄ

Table Top Warning Label

NOTE: Table Top Warning Label is only applied to Product Brivo XR385.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-27

X-Ray Tube Warning Labels (3)

Radiation Warning

Collimator Warning Label

RCIM Warning Label

Warning
This X-Ray unit may be dangerous
to the patient and operator
unless safe exposure factors
operating instructions. maintenance
schedules are observed

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-28

Regulatory Requirements
NOTE: This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. The
equipment may cause radio frequency interference to other medical and
non-medical devices and radio communications. To provide reasonable protection
against such interference, this product complies with emission limits for Group 1 Class
A Medical Devices as stated in EN 60601-1-2. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation.
NOTE: If this equipment is found to cause interference (which may be determined by
switching the equipment on and off), you (or qualified service personnel) should
attempt to correct the problem using one or more of the following measures:
– Reorient or relocate the affected devices.
– Increase the space separating the equipment and the affected device.
– Power the equipment from a source different from that of the affected device.
– Consult the point of purchase or the service representative for further
suggestions.
NOTE: The manufacturer is not responsible for any interference caused either by the use of
interconnect cables other than those recommended or by unauthorized changes or
modifications to this equipment. Unauthorized changes or modifications could void
the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
NOTE: To comply with the regulations applicable to an electromagnetic interface for al
Group 1 Class A Medical Device, all interconnect cables to peripheral devices must
be shielded and properly grounded. The use of improperly shielded and grounded
cables may result in the equipment causing radio frequency interference in violation
of the European Union Medical Device directive and Federal Communications
Commission regulations.
NOTE: Do not use devices which intentionally transmit radio frequency (RF) signals (cellular
phones, transceivers, or radio controlled products) in the vicinity of this equipment,
as it may cause performance outside the published specifications.
Keep the power to these type devices turned off when near the equipment.
The medical staff in charge of this equipment is required to instruct technologists, patients,
and other people who may be around this equipment, to fully comply with the above
requirement.
This product complies with the following requirements:
Council Directive 93/42/EEC concerning medical devices when it bears the following CE
marking of conformity:

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-29

Figure 2-2 CE mark

The location of the CE mark label on the equipment is in the service system manual. CCC
mandatory authertication when it bears the following CCC marking of conformity:
Figure 2-3 CCC mark

Disposal of Waste
This symbol indicates that the waste of electrical and electronic equipment must not be
disposed as unsorted municipal waste and must be collected separately. Please contact an
authorized representative of the manufacturer for information concerning the
decommissioning of your equipment.
Figure 2-4 Disposal of waste symbol

Dose Chart
Use Table 2-12 to compare film speed to dose values.
Table 2-12 Dose Chart

Expected Detector Default Dose (µGy)at

Equivalent Film Speed
80 kVp is less than:

25.00 64

20.00 80

16.00 100

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-30

Expected Detector Default Dose (µGy)at

Equivalent Film Speed
80 kVp is less than:

12.90 125

10.00 160

8.00 200

6.25 250

5.00 320

4.00 400

3.20 500

2.50 640

2.00 800

1.60 1000

CAUTION: Use the largest possible focal spot-to-skin distance to keep the patient
absorbed dose as small as possible.

X-ray Source Assembly Filtration

The x-ray source assembly is comprised of the x-ray tube and collimator. X-ray tube and
collimator provide permanent, non-removable filtration of 1.3mm aluminum equivalent
@75KV and 1.5 mm aluminum equivalent @100KV respectively. Additional collimator
filtration is user selectable. Refer to Chapter 5: Hardware Overview for detailed information.

CAUTION: This system is designed to be used with only the Toshiba E7843X/E7884X
tube/GE Vamana tube and collimator. Replacement of either of these
components with different types may render the system non-compliant to
applicable radiation safety standards and regulations.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-31

WARNING: For diagnostic X-ray equipment specified to be used in combination with

accessories or other items not forming part of the same equipment, attention
to the possible adverse effect arising from materials located in the X-ray
beam.
Refer to the table below for Attenuation Equivalent of possible materials located in the X-ray
beam.
Table 2-13 Attenuation Equivalent mm AL

Item mm AL

Tube (E7843X) at 75 kV 1.3

Tube (E7884X) at 75 kV 1.3

GE Vamana Tube at 75kV 1.3

Collimator minimum filtration at 100 kV 1.5

Digital Wallstand Front Panel Maximum 0.7

filtration at 100 kV

Digital Table Maximum filtration at 100 kV 1.0

DAP meter at 70 kV 0.2

Dose Indication
The DAP is measured via DAP meter (refer to DAP Meter (only suitable for the system
which includes DAP meter))
Increase/decrease of the kVp, mAs, will lead to increase/decrease of DAP
Increase/decrease of the SID only, will lead to decrease/increase of DAP
Increase/decrease of the FOV only, will lead to increase/decrease of DAP.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-32

Environmental protection
With the disposal of waste products, residues and equipment accessories that are out of
their expected service life, to avoid the impact of environment, please comply with local
statute or call GE Service.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 2-33

Chapter 3

Pediatrics and small patients

GE Healthcare strongly suggests reducing radiation dose to As Low As Reasonably

Achievable (ALARA) in all patients, especially pediatric and small patients, whenever it is
determined that an x-ray is necessary. X-ray is an extremely valuable tool for diagnosing
injury and disease, but its use is not without risk. This section discusses the importance of
minimizing the radiation dose in children and small adults consistent with ALARA principles.
Topics covered include:
• Pediatric Use
• Optimize Pediatric Protocols for your facility
• What Do I Need to Know About?

Pediatric Use
Radiation exposure is a concern in both adults and children. However, children are more
sensitive to radiation. Using the same exposure parameters on a child as used on an adult
may result in larger doses to the child. X-ray settings can be adjusted to reduce dose
significantly while maintaining diagnostic image quality.

Optimize Pediatric Protocols for your facility

The protocols supplied with the system represent examples for procedures commonly
conducted in radiography. Based on the needs of a particular practice, these protocols may
be modified to optimize factors such as image quality or dose reduction.
Work with your team of Radiologists, Medical Physicists and Technologists to evaluate
techniques that may reduce radiation dose and provide adequate diagnostic information. In
addition to the recommended protocols installed on your system and suggestions in this
guide, the following websites offer excellent sources of additional information on how to
optimize protocols:

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 3- 1
© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Pediatrics and small patients

• American College of Radiology (ACR): www.acr.org

• Society of Pediatric Radiology (SPR): www.pedrad.org
• National Cancer Institute (NCI): www.nci.nih.gov/aboutnci
• Image Gently: www.imagegently.org
• US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): www.fda.gov

What Do I Need to Know About?

This section presents the concepts necessary to understand Pediatric x-ray imaging. The
concepts you need to understand are:
• Radiation Exposure Sensitivity
• Suggestions for Minimizing Unnecessary Dose
• Guidelines for Adjusting Individual Exposure Parameters by patient
• Patient Dose Reporting
• Dose Index Reporting Considerations
• Protocol Database Edit
Everyone shares the responsibility of minimizing pediatrics dose. There are several steps
that can be taken to reduce the amount of radiation that pediatrics and small patients
receive from x-ray examinations.

Radiation Exposure Sensitivity

Radiation exposure is a concern in all people of all ages, however, pediatrics are more
sensitive to radiation exposure. Radiation risk is higher in the young as they have more
rapidly dividing cells than adults. The younger the patient, the more sensitive they are.

Suggestions for Minimizing Unnecessary Dose

• Image the Anatomical Region Indicated (Collimation): Collimation and anatomical
coverage should be carefully considered prior to each exposure. Follow your facility
imaging guidelines to determine appropriate collimation.
• Properly Center All Patients: In addition to collimation, centering of intended anatomy
should be considered. This is especially true when utilizing AEC/ion chambers. Improper
centering over ion chambers may cause more or less than the desired dose which may
lead to overexposure or repeat exposure.
• Check Technical Factors Before Exposure: Review technical display carefully before
making an exposure to verify selected and intended technique are the same. Pay
particular attention to placement of decimal point in display of numerical values.
• Use Pediatric Positioning Accessories: Approved Pediatric positioning accessories are
often useful for certain patients and exams. These may be helpful in decreasing motion

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 3- 2
© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Pediatrics and small patients

that may contribute to repeat exposure. Understand your facilities guidelines when
implementing these devices.
• Protective Apparel/Barriers/Shielding: When applicable, utilize proper protective
measures as they comply with your facility guidelines.
• Consider Patient Radiation Safety Protocols: Ensure understanding and conformance of
Patient Radiation/Protection Safety and ALARA principles as required by your facility.
This includes patient shielding to reduce exposure to unintended areas.

Guidelines for Adjusting Individual Exposure Parameters by

patient
Adjust Parameters: The single most important thing you can do is to always use pediatric
protocols to avoid over exposure. Protocols based on patient size are installed on the
system. There are six patient sizes available: Adult and Pediatric; Small, Medium and Large
Patient Size. These protocols should be considered a baseline. GE strongly recommends that
you work with your Radiologist and Physicist to determine the lowest possible dose for the
desired image quality.
Figure 3-1 Patient Size

Once patient size is selected, further adjustments to kVp, MAS, Filtration and Grid can be
made to further minimize patient dose.
Automatic - Exposure or Fixed Exposure: Consideration should be made when utilizing
Automatic Exposure (AEC) or Fixed Exposure. Each protocol on your system has been
installed with a preset method of exposure; however, GE recommends reviewing each
protocol and utilizing the method that will allow for the lowest possible dose.
Use of ion chambers for AEC require careful positioning of patient and should be considered
prior to making an exposure. GE recommends that each facility work with your Radiologist
and Physicist. Refer to Image Acquisition Chapter located in this operator manual for more
information on AEC chambers and sensing areas.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 3- 3
© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Pediatrics and small patients

Figure 3-2 Ion Chamber

Patient Dose Reporting

Estimates of patient dose are calculated after each acquisition and displayed (optionally) as
part of the image annotations. The information is also stored in the DICOM header of each
image. Reference Patient Dose Reporting in this operator manual for more information.

Dose Index Reporting Consideration

Your system is provided with a Dose Index visual indicator. This indicator is displayed as an
amount of exposure received by the receptor. These are estimated ranges and can be
changed as technical factors are changed. Reference the DEI/DI section of this operator
manual for more information.

Protocol Database Edit

In collaboration with your Radiologist and Physicist, protocol techniques can be changes as
a default on your system. This should not replace observing the technical acquisition screen
carefully prior to each exposure, but can assist in displaying an appropriate range of
techniques for selected pediatric size. Further changes to techniques are recommended
based on each individual patient.
Refer to the Protocol Database Edit chapter in this operator manual to ensure proper
editing. Always complete a protocol database back up. Should any changes occur to your
system, the database back up may be retrieved with saved protocols.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 3- 4
© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Quick Step Guides

Chapter 4

Quick Step Guides

This section provides an overview of common tasks. Refer to the relevant chapters for
detailed information.
Topics covered include:
• Current Workflow
NOTE: To improve the system performance and prolong the x-ray tube’s life, please shut
down the system every day.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 4- 1
© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Quick Step Guides

Current Workflow
This section outlines the common operation workflow.
1. Press the Power On button on the RCIM.

2. Login system and Worklist.

NOTE: If the patient information has been stored in RIS system, click “Refresh List“
button->Select Patient->Click “Start Exam”, and then go to step 6.)

NOTE: If the patient information is not store in RIS system, continue with the following steps.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 4- 2
© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Quick Step Guides

NOTE: When clicking “Start Exam” to start exam for a patient, system will check if the
patient’s StudyInstanceUID duplicate with the patients who have completed exams.
If yes, system will mark the patient as “Deprecated” in worklist screen and
simultaneously create a new patient who has a new StudyInstanceUID but keeps all
other information of the “Deprecated” patient. System does these automatically and
continues exam for the new created patient without any disruption for exam process.
But, this problem results from RIS which is not compliant with Dicom standard and
should be contacted to fix the issue.

3. [Add patient] on worklist.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 4- 3
© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Quick Step Guides

4. Type in patient information.

5. Start exam.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 4- 4
© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Quick Step Guides

6. Select views in exams from the drop-down list.

7. Accept.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 4- 5
© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Quick Step Guides

8. Go to acquisition screen.

9. Use x-ray tube and table together with digital portable detector to position patient and
take exposures in wall stand mode, digital table mode, and stretcher mode. Check the
techniques, and press exposure button.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 4- 6
© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Quick Step Guides

10. Select [brightness & contrast].

11. Select [R/L], and put "R" on chest image.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 4- 7
© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Quick Step Guides

12. Select print button on the left screen.

13. Select "2-on-1".

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 4- 8
© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Quick Step Guides

14. Drag the 1st image to the composer.

15. Select "Image - Processed" from drop-down list.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 4- 9
© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Quick Step Guides

16. Select the 2nd image in the small window.

17. Drag the 2nd image to the composer.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 4-10

18. Click the [print settings] button.

19. Select "Orientation".

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 4-11

20. Select "Annotation-Full/Partial/Custom"

21. Click "Apply" to apply all setting.

22. Print the image.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 4-12

23. Shutdown.
a) Close all current exams.
b) Click the [UTILITY] button at the top of the Worklist screen.

c) Select System on the Utilities screen.

d) Click [SHUTDOWN].
– A message appears: “The system will be shut down.”
e) Click [YES] to proceed with shut down.
– The system powers off and the monitors go blank.
– [CANCEL] stops the system from shutting down and returns you to the Utilities
screen.

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5265602-1EN Rev. 17 4-14

Chapter 5

Hardware Overview

This chapter explains the different hardware components of your system, such as the
acquisition workstation, integrated table, digital wall stand, collimator, and digital detector.
Topics covered include:

• Compatible System Components – Tube Tilt

• System Descriptions – Collimator
• Acquisition Workstation – DAP Meter (only suitable for the
– Mouse Controls system which includes DAP meter)

– Radiology Console Interface – Compression Band (Option)

Module (RCIM) • Digital Wall Stand
– Hand-switch – Vertical Positioning
– Bar Code Reader (Option) – Detector loading/Removal
– Monitor – AEC Detector Areas
• Integrated Table • Detector Overview
– Table Top Motion – Panel
– Detector Tray – Specifications
– X-Ray Tube Assembly Control Panel – Handling and Cleaning
– Tube Stand Rotation • Grids
• System Interlocks

NOTE: Tabletop, Table Hand Grips, Compression Band and Wall Stand receptor front panel
are applied parts. These parts may be handled by patients.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-1

Compatible System Components

50kw System
Wallstand
Additional filter
Mainpower cable W CCC
Patient compress band
Bar code reader
Auto-protocol recognition
Multiple patient print
Chinese kit
English kit

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-2

System Descriptions

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-3

Acquisition Workstation
The Acquisition Workstation (Figure 5-1) has its own dedicated computer and image data
base. The Workstation applications are based on a graphical, multiple-screen, mouse-driven
interface. Images, lists, menus, and control panels are displayed within graphical screens on
the workstation’s monitor. You make your selections using buttons, menus and control
panels
The Acquisition workstation has the following components:
• A computer unit with internal hard disk unit for system software and image storage, and
a DVD-R/CD-RW combination drive
• Single monitor
• An alphanumeric keyboard, mouse.
• Radiology Control Interface Module (RCIM)
• Console hand-switch
• Bar code reader
The Acquisition workstation supports many functions:
• Image acquisition using the digital detector.
• Image display and manipulation.
• Image transfer to other workstations using the DICOM standard.
• Image transfer to a recordable CD/DVD.
Figure 5-1 Acquisition Workstation

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-4

WARNING: To avoid image loss, please periodically backup the images from the Acquisition
Workstation to the given image storage system

Mouse Controls
The mouse is a hand-operated device that you maneuver across the surface of a pad. As
you do, the on-screen cursor mimics the movement of the mouse, allowing you to move
among screens.
Table 5-1 Mouse actions

Mouse Action Description

Click Press and release the left mouse button to select an item,
activate a button or icon, or set an insertion point at the
cursor’s location. The action performed depends on the item
that is being clicked.

Click and drag Press and hold the left mouse button down while moving the
cursor to the desired location. This is used to select multiple
items, move items, or use annotation tools.

Radiology Console Interface Module (RCIM)

The Radiology Console Interface Module (RCIM) (Figure 5-2) controls the power and reset
functions for the system. The RCIM has the power on button, reset button, an emergency
stop button, and indicator lights. These functions are described in Table 5-2.
The RCIM is placed at the workstation between the monitors and keyboard.
Figure 5-2 RCIM

10
2 3 4
1
9
8
5 6 7
11 12

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-5

Table 5-2 RCIM controls

Control Description
1. Emergency Immediately stops x-ray exposure. (Lights up when
Stop button emergency stop button is triggered.)
To engage: Press the button.
To release: Turn the button clockwise (indicated by the
arrows on the button) until it stops, then release.

2. Power On Turns the power ON for the entire system.

button

3. Reset button Shuts down and re-starts the system in the event of
software failure.

4. Expose Hold Lights up when there is some inhibit to taking exposures.

indicator Click the Expose Hold button on the Worklist or
Acquisition screens for a list of all current inhibits.

5. Tube Lights up when the tube is too hot to continue taking

Overheat exposures.
indicator Allow the tube to cool until the LED turns off.

6. X-ray Lights up when x-rays are being emitted, including tube

Exposure warm up and QAP.
indicator

7. Auto Initiates automated system positioning, if enabled for

Positioning your system.
button

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-6

Control Description
8. Collimator Turns the collimator field light on or off.
field light
button

9. Volume Adjusts the volume of the system beeps.

control
buttons

Use the Emergency Stop Button

Emergency stop button immediately stops x-ray exposure. RCIM is equipped with
Emergency Stop button.
To engage: Press the button.
To release: Turn the button clockwise (indicated by the arrows on the button) until it
stops, then release.
Figure 5-3 Emergency Stop button on RCIM
RCIM

Use this procedure to perform an emergency stop and to reset the Emergency Stop but-
ton.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-7

1. In an emergency situation, press the Emergency Stop button in with force.

Figure 5-4 Emergency Stop button

2. Emergency Stop screen pops up.

Figure 5-5 Emergency Stop screen

3. Resolve the emergency situation.

4. When normal conditions are confirmed, turn the e-stop button clockwise on the RCIM
until it stops, the release.
5. At the acquisition workstation, click [OK] button on the pop-up screen. The system will
power up automatically.
Figure 5-6 Emergency Stop screen with [OK] button.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-8

X-ray Exposure Lamp

When X-rays are being produced in the radiographic mode, the X-ray exposure indicator
lights up in yellow on the RCIM (Figure 5-7). The console beeps as X-rays are produced when
the X-ray Prep/Expose button on the Hand-switch is pressed.
Figure 5-7 X-Ray exposure lamp on RCIM

Hand-switch
Record exposures are made with the console Hand-switch. The Prep/Expose button on this
switch has three positions: OFF, PREPARE, and EXPOSE (Figure 5-8 and Table 5-3).
Figure 5-8 Console hand-switch
1. PREPARE
(target
rotating)
2. EXPOSE
3.COLLIMATOR
LIGHT (Not
active on this
product)

Table 5-3 Hand-switch positions

Position Description

OFF The OFF position is when no pressure is applied to the Prep/Expose

button on top of the Hand-switch.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-9

Position Description

PREPARE PREPARE is the next position on the Hand-switch. When it is

partially pressed, it brings the rotor up to speed and heats the
filament. PREPARE also checks the system interlocks and verifies
the system is ready to make an exposure. If you release the button,
it returns to OFF.

EXPOSE The EXPOSE position is when the button on the Hand-switch is fully
depressed. This produces X-rays that are recorded. Release the
Prep/Expose button after the exposure is completed.

Follow the procedure below to operate the console Hand-switch to prepare and record
exposures.
1. Make sure your patient and the console are set up for the procedure.
2. Press the Prep/Expose button to the PREPARE position.
 When the PREPARE function is completed, the READY sound with a high tone will be
heard.
3. Press the Prep/Expose button to the EXPOSE position.
 The Record exposure is taken and a low tone will be heard with the X-ray exposure
indicator light is on.
NOTE: A procedure must be selected prior to attempting an exposure or an error will occur.
4. Release the Prep/Expose button after the exposure is completed.

Bar Code Reader (Option)

The bar code reader is a fast, easy way to enter data into the system. The bar code scanner
allows you to aim at a printed bar code on paper and scan the information into the system.
The printed bar code information comes from a RIS or HIS system through a network.
The reader reads the bar code information and enters it into the selected text box. An
audible beep sounds as the system detects and automatically enters the information. Some
bar code readers move the mouse cursor to the next text box for you. Others require you to
manually move the cursor to the next text box.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-10

Figure 5-9 Bar code reader

CAUTION: The valid distance between the bar code reader and the paper for the bar code
reader to read the printed bar code on paper is less than 15cm.

CAUTION: Laser Light. Do not stare into beam, IEC class 2 laser product 630 - 680 nM,
1.0 mW Laser.

Monitor
The Acquisition workstation has one flat-panel monitor. The monitor displaying Worklist and
Acquisition screens. The monitor is Viewer displaying Image Viewer and the Image
Management screens.
NOTE: In periods of inactivity longer than 10 minutes, the monitor screen goes black. Press
any key on the keyboard or move the mouse to restore the monitor’s image.

WARNING: The monitor is a view monitor, and does not support diagnosis. To guarantee
the accuracy of diagnosis, please print films or transfer the images to a
diagnosis monitor to make diagnosis.

Integrated Table
Integrated table includes the tube stand, tube, collimator, control panel and foot pedal.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-11

Figure 5-10 Integrated Table

9
8
10 5

6
11
2
7

Table 5-4 Integrated Table components

Item Description
The X-ray Generator and Power Distribution Unit are located in
1 Table Base
the table base.
The table top is mounted to the base. The table top moves
longitudinally or lateral by Pressing the foot pedal two
consecutive times and hold the foot pedal.
All the locks are on whenever the table power is on.
Longitudinally tabletop locks are released and lateral tabletop
2 Table Top
locks are on when power to the table is off.
The table top is specially constructed for low radiation
absorption. The DR-F table designed to support up to a 180 kg
(397 lbs) patient and Brivo XR385 table designed to support up to
a 220 kg (485 lbs) patient.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-12

Item Description
This pedal allows you to move the table in all directions:
longitudinally and lateral. This is known as a floating table top.
All locks release with foot pedal pressed.
3 Foot Pedal Press the pedal twice and hold down to move the table top.
NOTE: Recommend the time interval of double-press foot pedal
is between 200mms~500mms.
Tube stand and travel rails are integrated into the table base.
4 Tube Stand
Tube Stand can shift longitudinal.
Support the tube, collimator and control panel and their up and
5 Tube Arm
down movements.
6 SID Mark Indicate the Table SID value.
7 Detector Tray Place detector.
8 X-ray Tube Control Panel Control the tube stand movement and X-ray tube angulation.

9 X-ray Tube Refer to Toshiba E7843X Tube/ Toshiba E7884X Tube/GE

Vamana Tube manuals delivered with tube package.
Collimator limits patient radiation exposure to a desired area at
10 Collimator
a given distance from the x-ray tube focal spot.

11 Wallstand SID Indicator

SID Indicator is fixed at rear of table. The Wallstand SID is 180cm

When the center line of the tube stand align with indicator.

WARNING: Use a SID as large as possible in order to keep the absorbed dose to the patient
as low as reasonably achievable. SID is from 500 mm (19.7 in) to 1100 mm (43.3
in).

Table Top Motion

Integrated table may be adjusted in the longitudinal and transverse direction for sake of patient
positioning. Use the following procedures to position table top against X-ray tube in longitudinal and
transverse direction.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-13

The table top is locked in place by electromagnetic locks when power is applied.

WARNING: Before the patient gets on or off the table top, always avoid injuries to the
patient and the operator or damage to the equipment if a control pedal is
accidentally engaged.

WARNING: To avoid injury to fingers and hand do not allow the patient’s or operator’s
fingers to be extended over the edges of the table top. Hands must be kept
away from table top edges at all times.

WARNING: When the power to the table is off, the table top can move longitudinally freely
and lateral tabletop locks. To avoid injuries, monitor the table top movement.

WARNING: When moving the table top, be careful of where your and the patient’s fingers
are placed. Do not attempt to move the table top without using the foot pedal
to release the longitudinal and transverse movement locks.

CAUTION: Do not attempt to move the table top without using the foot pedal to release
the longitudinal and transverse motion locks. When moving the table top,
care should be taken where hand and fingers are placed.

DANGER: Potential Pinch Point: Carefully use the foot pedal when releasing the table
top to avoid the body injury and finger-pinch by the table top.

FRONT

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-14

REAR

Table top moving process:

1. Press the foot pedal two consecutive times and hold the foot pedal down.
2. Manually move the tabletop in a longitudinal or transverse direction to the desired
position.
3. Release the foot pedal to lock the tabletop.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-15

Detector Tray
The detector tray is located under the table top. Longitudinal shift is 530 mm (21 in).
Figure 5-11 Detector tray movement control

Detector
Tray Hand Grip
Push Button
for movement

The detector tray can be moved together with the tube stand when coupled. In the mean-
time, detector tray push button for movement is no use.
The detector tray can be moved by pressing in the gray lock switch located under the hand
grip. Then with the hand grip, move the detector tray to the desired position. Release the
lock switch or the hand grip after the desired position is reached.
NOTE: The push button must be kept pressing when moving the detector tray, or some part
of the system will be damaged.

KEEP PRESSING

Detector Loading/Removal
NOTE: Fix the wall stand before loading or unloading the detector.

WARNING: Please load/remove the detector carefully to avoid dropping the detector.
Follow the procedure below for detector loading. For detector removal, follow the procedure
below in reverse order.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-16

1. Pull out the detector tray.

2) Install the detector.

3) Push in the detector tray.

X-Ray Tube Assembly Control Panel

The control panel controls the tube stand movement and X-ray tube angulation. On the con-
trol panel, there is a green indicator light showing that the system power is ON. The mark in
the center shows the angulation of the X-ray tube. On each side of the control panel are

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-17

handles which are used along with four control buttons for movement of the tube and tube
assembly.

DANGER: When power is off, the tube stand and tube locks are released. It is the
responsibility of the operator to avoid injuries by monitoring the tube stand
and tube movements.
Figure 5-12 X-Ray tube assembly control panel

1
2
5 4

7 6 3 7

Table 5-5 X-ray tube assembly control panel functions

Item Number Name Description

and Type
1 Indicator
Table Power LED LED lights up when table powers on.

2 Indicator
Tube Angle Indicator Indicates the tube angulation.

3 Control
Release the lock to allow tube +/-120 degrees angulation.
Tube Angulation Lock
The lock is active when you release the button. The lock is
Release
inactive when the button is pressed.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-18

Item Number Name Description

and Type
Release the lock to allow vertical motion of the x-ray tube
assembly. The lock is active when you release the button.
The lock is inactive when the button is pressed.
4 Control

Vertical Lock Release

Release the lock to allow transverse motion of the tube

stand. The lock is active when you release the button. The
lock is inactive when the button is pressed.

5 Control
Transverse Lock
Release

6 Control Release the lock to allow the vertical and transverse

motions of the x-ray tube assembly. The lock is active
All-lock Lock Release
when you release the button. The lock is inactive when the
button is pressed.

7 Handle Operation Handle Hold the handle to move the tube.

X-Ray Tube Assembly Vertical Movement

Press in the VERT switch (or ALL) on the Control panel, then hold the handles on the panel
and move the tube assembly to the desired position. Notice the mark placed on the tube
stand and chose desired SID. After the desired position is reached, release the switch on the
tube control panel to re-engage the tube stand vertical locks.

X-Ray Tube Stand Transverse Movement

Press in the TRANS switch (or ALL) on the Control panel, then hold the handles on the panel
and move the tube stand to the desired position. After the desired position is reached,
release the switch on the tube control panel, to re-engage the tube stand transverse locks.
Remember when the tube stand is moved out of the range of the cassette tray, the cassette
tray will decouple from the tube stand.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-19

Tube Angulation
The X-ray tube can angulate +/-120 degrees for angulation views, and there are detents at 0
degree, and +/-90 degrees.
SID is from 500 mm to 1100mm.
A small window on the control panel shows the angulation of the tube. To change the X-ray
tube angulation press in and hold the control panel ANG (or ALL) switch and position the
tube assembly to the desired angulation. Then release the ANG switch when the desired
angulation is reached.

WARNING: When the tube is rotated, operators should keep their hands on the operation
handle of the control panel and keep patient’s clear while rotating the tube.
Figure 5-13 X-ray tube angulation
X-RAY TUBE ANGULATION METER

o o o o o
120 90 0 90 120

Tube Stand Rotation

The tube stand can be rotated +/- 180 degrees for better positioning. The rotation is auto-
matically notched every 90 degrees.
Hold the handles on the x-ray tube stand control panel and turn the tube stand to the
desired position.

CAUTION: To avoid cable damages, DO NOT rotate the tube stand to exceed +/-180
degrees.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-20

Figure 5-14 Tube stand rotation

o
180o 90 o 0 90 o 180 o

Tube Tilt
The X-ray tube can tilt forward more than 17 degrees, and backward more than 20 degrees.
Behind the tube are two mechanical locks. Release the locks manually, the tube is now free
to be moved. Position the tube to the desired location and lock the tube manually in place.
To replace the tube to the normal position, release the locks, and position the tube. On the
side of the tube, there is an angulation indicator and an arrow to align the tube into correct
position.
NOTE: Lock the tube tightly manually after tilting (DON'T use grip piler).
Figure 5-15 X-ray tube tilt angle indication

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-21

Figure 5-16 X-ray tube tilt

HEAD
END

BACKWARD 20 o 0o FORWARD 17 o

Collimator
The collimator limits patient radiation exposure to a desired area at a given distance from
the x-ray tube focal spot.
Figure 5-17 Collimator Identification

2 3

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-22

Table 5-6 Collimator Controls

Item Description
Turns the collimator light on and off. Cutout can also be performed
1 Collimator Light
automatically via an internal time switch. The light-up time is 30
Switch
seconds.
2 Vertical Collimator Adjusts the vertical field size. Turning the dial to the left closes the
Field Size collimator, turning to the right opens the collimator.
3 Lateral Collimator Adjusts the lateral field size. Turning the dial to the left closes the
Field Size collimator, turning to the right opens the collimator.
4 Fix Knob Controls collimator rotation

Alignment Field Light

Press the field light button located on the collimator face to activate the high-intensity field
lamp.
The field light is timed and automatically turns off 30 seconds after your release the switch.
To activate the field light for another 30 seconds, press the button again when the light goes
out.
NOTE: Do not frequently and continuously turn on the collimator light to avoid overheating
inside the collimator. It is recommended to use the collimator light 3 minutes interval.

Positioning
Position the collimator and tube using the field light and crosshair shadow as guides. The
crosshair shows the field center.
Collimate by adjusting the size of the field with the two control knobs located on the front of
the collimator.
The left knob controls the transverse dimension of the blades, and the right blade knob con-
trols the longitudinal dimension of the blades. A diagram on the face of the collimator shows
which knob controls which dimension.
Field sizes from 0x0 up to 17” x 17” at a 102 cm SID can be obtained. The knob selectors indi-
cate the field size for a selected SID. The maximum field size is 17” x 17”.
Dial numbers on the calibrated scale are for 100 cm and 180 cm scale SID.
A ruler which is used to indicate SID is located on the left side of the collimator with the mea-
surements in centimeters.
NOTE: The SID for wall stand should be composed of dial numbers on calibrated scale and
OID (Wall stand OID=40mm). For example, you want to use SID=100cm, the dial
numbers on calibrated scale should be 96cm.

Collimator Rotation
For certain exams, such as extremities, you may need to line the collimator field up with the
anatomy to be exposed. Follow the procedure below to rotate the collimator around the ver-
tical axis.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-23

1. Unlock the Fix Knob located on the top of the collimator and turn the collimator to the
desired position.
2. After the collimator is positioned, turn the knob back to the locked position.
3. Unlock the Fix Knob and turn the collimator back to the normal position. Tighten the Fix
Knob. Make sure the collimator is in alignment with the cassette tray by turning on the
collimator light and seeing that the light is aligned.
NOTE: When the collimator is rotated, the image border is adjusted to the maximum size
based on the selected collimator FOV.
NOTE: Check the Collimator status before using this equipment, to prevent it falling down.
Figure 5-18 Collimator rotation
FIX KNOB

LEFT 0o RIGHT

WARNING: Always grasp the collimator in such a way that neither hand can be pinched
or crushed between the handles and the collimator.
Additional Filter
Please add additional filter (1mm or 2mm) into the accessory rail.
NOTE: Since there is only one accessory rail, so please add one additional filter each time.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-24

Figure 5-19 Accessory rail

ACCESSORY
RAIL

DAP Meter (only suitable for the system which includes DAP meter)
General Instruction
The DAP meter is mounted on the middle level of collimator rails. It measures the following
units simultaneously:
• Dose area product (DAP, cumulative)
• Dose area product rate (DAP rate)
Figure 5-20 DAP Meter

Filter rail
DAP Meter rail
Al Phantom/Holder rail

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-25

The integrated display of the DAP meter shows the DAP rate during exposure and then
switches to the DAP after exposure.

Stabilization Time
The meter is switched on when system is powered on.
The required stabilization time is about 5 minutes.
NOTE: Take exposure after stabilization time to ensure the DAP measurement accurate.

Measurements
After stabilization time, DAP meter is ready for measurement (DAP meter displays 0.00 or
0.0).
Figure 5-21 DAP Meter

During exposure, the measured value for the DAP rate is displayed in μGy•m²/min. This
measured value is characterized by a prefixed "R". After exposure, the display unit shows
the cumulative measured value of DAP.
The meter starts registering all incoming x-ray radiation from the last operation of pressing
[Reset] button.
Operation
By Pressing [Reset] button, all the internal measured value memory is deleted and the
display is reset to zero (0.0 or 0.00). The meter is ready for measurement again after [Reset]
button is pressed.
NOTE: Do not touch the active area of the ionization chamber with bared finger. It may
degrade the light transparency of the DAP meter.
Figure 5-22 ionization chamber

Ionization chamber

NOTE: Do no pull out the DAP meter when doing QAP and other calibrations.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-26

CAUTION: Put the additional filter above the chamber. do not put any filtration between
chamber and the patient in the exam. it may cause the wrong indication of
DAP value.

CAUTION: Electro-Static discharge may cause the DAP meter power off occasionally.
Reboot the system to make the DAP meter active again. If DAP meter still does
not work, call service.
NOTE: Refer to DAP Meter Operating Instructions for more information.

Compression Band (Option)

This device supplies compression to the anatomical area of interest and prevents
unnecessary movement during radiography. It attaches to the top edge rail of the table and
may be moved as needed. The compression band is wound up on both the front and rear
assemblies, and tension may be maintained or released from either side.
NOTE: Please install the compression band if necessary.
Please un-install the compression band if not used, and put it aside to avoid damage.
1. Take out the compression band.
Figure 5-23 Take out compression band

2. Install the outboard compression band pole (the pole with compression band fixed on),
adjust the compression band pole to a proper position, and then, tighten the bolt.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-27

Figure 5-24 Install outboard compression band pole

3. Install the inboard compression band pole (the pole without compression band fixed on),
adjust the compression band pole to a proper position, and then, tighten the bolt.
Figure 5-25 Install inboard compression band pole

4. Remove the ratchet wheel, and loosen the compression band on the outboard
compression band pole.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-28

Figure 5-26 Loosen compression band

5. Pull the compression band to the inboard compression band pole through patients, and
insert the pole through the compression band.
Figure 5-27 Insert inboard pole through compression band

6. Turn the ratchet wheel on the outboard compression band pole to tighten the
compression band.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-29

Figure 5-28 Tighten compression band

7. Fix the compression band.

Figure 5-29 Fix compression band

Digital Wall Stand

The digital wall stand (Figure 5-30) contains the digital detector, which can be moved to
accomplish different radiographic procedures. Photo-timing is controlled using a three cell
ion chamber similar to the device used in conventional radiographic systems.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-30

Figure 5-30 Wall stand

The Wall Stand consists of the
following major elements:

1 1. Wall Stand Column

2. Detector Flat Panel
3. Handle and Knob
4. Detector

2 3

Wall Stand Characteristics:

• The vertical height of the detector is adjustable to facilitate proper positioning.
• AEC is available at any SID.

CAUTION: Make sure your patient does not use the wall stand as a support. The wall
stand is not a weight bearing device.

Vertical Positioning
A electro-mechanical safety lock holds the cassette in vertical position.
On each side of the Wall Stand is a handle to move the carriage up and down.
NOTE: The electro-mechanical switch is a power off protection lock.
It’ll be negative without power on.
If the detector is not inserted, the switch will be disabled.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-31

Figure 5-31 Vertical lock switch

Follow the procedures:

1. Press and hold the switch button to release the lock.
Figure 5-32 Release the lock

2. Move the wall stand to the desired position.

3. Release the switch button to lock the wall stand.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-32

Detector loading/Removal

WARNING: Please load/remove the detector carefully to avoid the detector’s falling
down.
Follow the procedure below for detector loading. For detector removal, follow the procedure
below in reverse order.
1. Pull out the detector tray.

2. Flip up the upper cover, and install the detector.

UPPER
COVER

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-33

3. Flip down the upper cover to fix the detector.

4. Push in the detector tray.

NOTE: Flip down the upper cover, and push in the detector tray.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-34

AEC Detector Areas

The Wall Stand contains three sensing areas. The dark areas in Figure 5-33 show the loca-
tion of the three ion chamber areas.
Figure 5-33 AEC ion chamber detector areas

AREA 3
AREA 1
CENTER LINE OF
CENTER X-RAY BEAM *
OF FILM *

AREA 2 CENTER LINE OF

X-RAY BEAM *
FRONT PANEL AEC DETECTOR AREAS

* Unless Detector is Eccentrically Positioned.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-35

Detector Overview
The detector is an x-ray imaging device. It consists of an array of 2048 by 2048 pixels. Each
pixel is attached to a data acquisition circuit that converts incoming x-ray signal to 14-bit
digital data stored in a 16-bit word.
Figure 5-34 Detector operation diagram

Panel
The panel consists of a thin-film amorphous silicon integrated circuit on a glass substrate
with a Gd2O2S:Tb scintillator. The Gd2O2S:Tb absorb the x-rays and converts the energy to
light. The light is absorbed by the amorphous silicon elements that produce a charge. The
charge on each pixel is read out and digitized by the readout electronics.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-36

Specifications
The detector is constructed with two faces. The front face is the imaging surface. It is mostly
covered by a graphite cover, which protects the imager panel from external forces. The back
face contains the usage instructions and safety warnings.
Figure 5-35 shows the front of the detector, which faces toward the x-ray source.
Figure 5-35 Detector front panel

1. LED indicator lights

2. Handle
2 3 3. detector cable
1 4. Detection area
(inside white marker
lines)

Table 5-7 Detector size and weight specifications

Item Specification

Overall detector size. Thickness: 27.4mm (+/-1.0mm)

Including handle Width:465mm (+/-1.0mm)
Not including detector cable Height:585mm (+/-1.0mm)

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-37

Item Specification

Imager Size The active area of the x-ray panel under the
graphic cover.
Horizontal image centered cross-sectional
dimension of active area from row 13 to 2035 is
404.4 mm (2022 pixels)
Vertical image centered cross-sectional
dimension of active area from column 57 to
1992 is 404.4 mm (2022 pixels)

Weight Less than 6.5 kg (14.0 lbs)

Detector weight includes panel, panel cover,
detector covers, and electronics. It does not
include the detector cable, or any other
subsystem component.

Center of Gravity The detector has a center of gravity located

The center of gravity affects the ability to easily less than 50mm away from the center line of
and comfortably carry the detector. the detector when held in a vertical position.

Detector cable The detector cable is about 7m (22.9 ft) in

The detector interfaces with the external length.
controller via one detector cable that contains
2 connections, communication interface (with
external controller), and power interface (with
detector power supply)

Physical Appearance / Finish

Detector surfaces have been treated with a painted finish for a smooth and easily cleanable
surface. Care shall be taken to protect the surface from scratches.

Nameplates and Markings

A rating plate label is attached to the detector within the access cover. The label contains
the detector serial number, date/place of manufacture.
Information on the Nameplate is to be used when communicating with GE personnel in
reference to a detector.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-38

Detector Safety Labels

The back of the GE DR Detector displays the following caution and warning statements:
Symbol directing operator to manual for
additional instructions
Symbol defining the detector as a Type B
applied part

Symbol indicating the maximum applied

load

Symbol indicating the ambient non-

operating temperature range.
Label indicating the voltage and current
rating.

Regulation of China Ministry of

Information Industry on hazardous
substances used in Electronic Information
Products. This symbol declares the product
compliance status, the number in the round
means the years that the hazardous
substances will not leak out of the product:
Symbol indicating the prohibition of use
when defibrillation.

Figure 5-36 Labels on back of detector

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-39

Indicator LEDs
Two LEDs have been provided for indication of the detector status.
• The red LED lights up when the detector patient contact temperature exceeds 41ºC.
• The green LED lights up when the detector is powered, and has performed at least 4
scrubs. This LED indicates “Ready to Image” status.
• The green LED flashes when the detector is in idle mode
Table 5-8 LEDs Conditions.

Condition Green LED Red LED Indication

Detector Off Off Off Off Off Detector Off or No Power
Lamp Test ON 6s ON 6s Power On Lamp Test
No Communication 50% 1s 50% 1s Lost or no communication; Blink
out of phase
Idle Mode 50% 1s Off Off Idle Mode
Full Pwr + 4 Scrubs ON - Off - Ready to Image
T>Twarning - - 50% 1s Contact Temp exceed warning
T>Tsafety - - 100% - Contact Temp exceed safe level
BIST Fail Off Off 50% 2s Failure in BIST
Power Timeout Off Off 50% 0.5s No power mode command in
time
BIST in Progress 75% 1s Off Off Test Running
Image Transfer 50% 0.1s Off Off Active data x fer

Environmental Constraints
Table 5-9 describes the environmental conditions that the detector needs.

CAUTION: Operation or storage outside of these constraints may cause damage to the
detector.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-40

Table 5-9 Environmental Constraints

Operating Environment Non Operating Environment

Item
Constraints Constraints

This column contains additional This column defines additional

operating environmental Non-operating environmental
constraints, within which the constraints, within which the
subsystem function and subsystem function and
performance capabilities shall performance capabilities shall be
be in compliance. in compliance, when returned to
the operational state, within
operating environment conditions.

Ambient External ambient temperature External ambient temperature

Temperature, range: +15 ºC to +35 ºC. range: +0ºC to +50 ºC.
humidity, Pressure rate of temperature change: 10 ambient humidity range: 10% to
ºC per hour 85%, non condensing.
ambient humidity range: 10% to rate of humidity change: 30% per
85%, non condensing. hour.
rate of humidity change: 30%
per hour.

Mechanical Stress & The detector assembly shall not The detector assembly shall not be
Vibration Forces be exposed to operating exposed to non-operating
vibration spectrum exceeding vibration spectrum exceeding the
the following parameters: following parameters:
Type: Random Type: Random
Frequency Range: 20 to 350 Hz Frequency Range: 10 to 2000 Hz
Magnitude: 1 Grms Magnitude: 1 Grms
Duration: 8 hours/axis (x, y, z) Duration: 15 minutes/axis (x, y, z)

Shipping & Storage Not applicable. The detector is capable to

Environment withstand non-operating shipping
conditions -40 to +70 degree C
within 56 hours.
The shipping container shall
protect the detector from vibration
of 2 Grms for 8 hours in the x, y,
and z axes, random vibration from
10 to 2000 Hz such that the image
quality is not degraded.

Maximum Limits
The detector can support a maximum load of 350lbs (160kg). This load is assumed to be
spread over a minimum applied area of 4.5cm diameter (16cm2).

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-41

The detector can survive an impact equivalent to a spherical object of 0.5kg dropped from
50cm.
The detector will not create any safety hazards up to a 100cm impact from a spherical 0.5kg
object.
The detector can survive a free-fall drop of 20cm for a minimum of 3 times.

Electromagnetic Compatibility
Suggest keeping IV pumps,Infusion pumps,patient monitoring, Air conditioners 1meter or
more away from any detector surface. More information for Electromagnetic Compatibility
please refer to Appendix 2: Safety and RegulatoryElectromagnetic Compatibility

Handling and Cleaning

Detector Handling
The device contains glass and other sensitive electronics that are susceptible to drop, shock,
impact, vibration, chemicals, water, and temperature extremes.
When handling the device, use the handle and/or use both hands to manipulate the
detector into the correct anatomical position for the exam.

WARNING: Do not swing the device into hard surfaces, especially corners, as this may
scratch the cover, create an image quality artifacts, or damage the
electronics inside.
Special Instructions if the detector is dropped: Inspect the exterior for any possible cracks.
Run Detector Check to test the detector (refer to Chapter 13: Quality Assurance Process). It
will be clear if the electronics are not functioning. Other possible failures may include
communication problems, image quality degradation, and loss of power. If any or all of
these occur, call your GE Service Representative.
• Do not drop objects onto the detector.
• Do not use the detector as a stretcher to lift a patient.
• Do not drop the detector at any time.
• Do not prop the device on an edge, against wall or bed. Keep detector in cradle, bucky,
or other GE-supplied container.
• Do not place other objects or patients on the detector if it is not on a flat surface, as
shown in Figure 5-37.
• Do not use unapproved chemical cleaners.
• Do not immerse detector into water or other liquids.
• Do not use a defibrillator while patient remains in contact with detector.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-42

Figure 5-37 Detector handling - do not place objects on detector if it is not lying flat

WARNING: Extra precautions should be taken if the device will be exposed to excessive
amounts of bodily fluids or liquids.
The detector is designed to prevent some liquids or particulate matter from getting inside
the cover. It can sustain a temporary splash or spray, but it is not designed to be immersed
in liquid (not even temporarily).

Detector Cable Handling

The detector cable connects the detector to the system. Damage to the detector cable
means that the detector cannot send image data to the unit.
To ensure maximum detector cable life, follow these guidelines:
• Treat the detector cable with care.
• Clean the detector cable regular with an approved chemical. Refer to Cleaning for more
information.
• Untwist the detector cable periodically. The colored stripe on the detector cable shows if
it is twisted.

WARNING: Detector cable routing shall be finished during system power off. The process
is: power off the system, disconnect the detector cable, route the cable, and
re-connect the detector cable. Before system power up, please make sure the
connections are correct.
NOTE: Connect the cable with two red dots leveling.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-43

NOTE: If the detector cable disconnect with system after system power on, please power
off the system, re-connect the detector cable, then system power up and retry.
• Do not jerk or pull on the detector cable. For example, do not pull on the detector cable
to free it from under a wheel (especially if the detector cable is twisted).
• Do not step on the detector cable.
• Do not run over the detector cable with the unit, cart, table or other equipment.
• Do not use the detector cable as a handle.
• Do not bend or fold the detector cable sharply, especially at the points where the
detector cable connects to the detector and to the Power Box (Mark 1). Route the otiose
cable and fix with cable clip behind Power Box (Mark 2). as show in Figure 5-38.
Figure 5-38

Cleaning
All exterior surfaces - detector, detector cable, and grid - should be cleaned after each
exam.
• The detector and grid must be allowed to dry before use.
• Do not leave disposable wipes or cleaning cloths on the detector or grid for more than
60 seconds.
• Let the detector dry at least 60 seconds between cleaning.
The following chemicals and products have been tested and approved by GE for cleaning
the GE Portable DR Detector, grid, and detector cable.
• Alkaline glutaric dialdehyde (2%)
• Peroxyacetic acid (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%)
• Alcohol 75%

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-44

Grids
There are two fixed grids. Table 5-10 lists the focal distance, ratio, line pairs of each grid.
Table 5-10 Grids

Nominal Focal
Grid Ratio Line pair
Distance

1. Wall Stand 130 cm (51.2 in) 10:1 70 lines/cm

2. Table 100 cm (39.4 in) 13:1 70 lines/cm

System Interlocks
Your system has a series of interlocks that can place the system in an exposure hold state.
When certain conditions exist outside of normal operation, the red LED on the user interface
becomes lit.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-45

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5265602-1EN Rev. 17 5-46

Chapter 6

General Information

This chapter explains the startup and shutdown procedures for your system. It also explains
the tube warm up procedure which is important to maximize the life of your tube.
Topics covered include:

• System Start up and Shut Down • System Reset

- Start up • Lead Markers
- Shutdown • TUBE WARM UP
• System Login and Log Off • System Status and Messages
- Standard Login - Expose Hold
- Invalid Password Message - System Status Area
– Emergency Login - System Status Area
– Inactivity Timeout - Message Log
- Log Off - Audio Indicators
• ILinq

System Start up and Shut Down

The system should remain on at all times for optimal performance.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 6-1

Start up
1. Press the Power On button on the RCIM.
Figure 6-1 Power button on RCIM

2. Wait 3 minutes to get power on the whole system.

 The system powers up automatically.
 If enabled, the Login screen appears on the monitor when the system is ready.
 If Login is not enabled, the Worklist appears on the monitor when the system is
ready.

Shutdown
1. Close all current exams.
2. Click the [UTILITY] button at the top of the Worklist screen.
Figure 6-2 Utility button

3. Select System on the Utilities screen.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 6-2

Figure 6-3 Utilities – System screen

4. Click [SHUTDOWN].
 A message appears: “The system will be shut down.”
5. Click [YES] to proceed with shut down.
 The system powers off and the monitors go blank.
 [CANCEL] stops the system from shutting down and returns you to the Utilities
screen.

System Login and Log Off

This following sections apply if the system is configured for Login ability in the Service User
Interface.
Refer to Appendix A: Login Administration for information on administering the login
function.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 6-3

Standard Login
The Login screen (Figure 6-4) appears when the system is started, reset, or after a user logs
off. The system may also be configured to display the login screen if the system has been
inactive for a specified period of time (inactivity timeout).
Figure 6-4 Login screen

1. Start up the system or log off the previous user.

 The Login screen appears.
2. Type in your Login Name, if necessary.
3. Type in your Password.
4. Click [LOGIN].
 The Worklist appears.
NOTE: If you have administrator access, a message appears: “You have both regular user
and admin user privileges. To access the admin screen, select the check box before
continuing with the login, otherwise just continue with the login.”
– To login and begin working with the unit, press [LOGIN] and the Worklist appears.
– To login and access login administrator functions, select the Enter admin screen
checkbox and then press [LOGIN]. The login Administration screen appears. Refer
to Appendix A: Login Administration for more information.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 6-4

Invalid Password Message

Your Password must be entered correctly for you to log in. If the password you entered is
not the correct password for the selected Username, an error message will appear in the top
portion of the Login screen: “An unknown error has occurred. Please try again or contact
your System Administrator for more details.“
If you see the error message, do the following:
1. Make sure that the correct Login Name is displayed in the field. Depending on the
configuration, the login name may be case sensitive. That is, “aBc“ is not the same login
name as “ABc“.
1. Retype your Password carefully. Your password is case sensitive; that is, “xYz“ is not the
same password as “Xyz“.
2. Click [LOGIN].
 Contact your technical support group if you still are not able to login.

Emergency Login
Emergency Login is a HIPAA required function to allow quick access to medical systems in
the event of an emergency. Depending on the system’s configuration, this option may not
be available. Refer to Appendix A: Login Administration to configure the Emergency login
function.
Emergency Login will allow exposures, but does not allow connection to HIS/RIS or PACS
hosts.

CAUTION: The Emergency Login function should NOT be used when there is time to login
normally, when there is time to receive assistance from technical support, or
if there is no emergency situation. Your facility may track the use of this
function.
1. Press [EMERGENCY LOGIN].
 Depending on the system’s configuration, you may be prompted to enter your
name. Enter your name and click [LOGIN].
2. The Worklist screen appears.

Inactivity Timeout
Depending on the system’s configuration, the system may show the Login screen after a
specified period of inactivity. The Login screen acts as a screen saver, covering displayed
information to protect patient privacy.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 6-5

The administrator configures if the system will timeout and how long the system must be
inactive before the Login screen appears. Refer to Appendix A: Login Administration to
configure the inactivity timeout function.
To access the system screens, follow the Standard Login or Emergency Login process
described above.

Log Off
1. Close, suspend, or discontinue any open exams, if necessary.
2. Close the Image Viewer, if necessary.
3. Click [LOGOFF] at the top of the Worklist screen.
 Or open the Utility screen, go to System and click [LOGOFF] (Figure 6-5).
Figure 6-5 Utilities screen logoff button

 A message appears: “Do you really want to log off?”

4. Click [OK].
 The Login screen appears.
 [CANCEL] closes the screen and returns you to the last screen.

System Reset
System reset is used as a last resort if the workstation software stops working. A system
reset may take 5 minutes to complete.
NOTE: The system will not be available for acquiring images during the reset cycle.
1. If possible, close, suspend, or discontinue any open exams.
2. If possible, log off the system.
3. Press and hold the RESET button on the RCIM until you hear the beep.
Figure 6-6 Reset button on RCIM

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 6-6

4. Release the button and wait until the Login or Worklist screen appears.
 As the system resets, various screens will appear on the monitors. This is normal.
 The system will auto-start and the Login screen or Worklist screen will appear when
the system is ready.

Lead Markers
As in any General Radiography procedure, lead marker placement is important to ensure
markers are properly recorded on the image. Place the lead marker in an area of patient
attenuation. If lead markers are placed in regions of direct radiation (saturation), there is a
high risk they will be processed out of the image during image processing. Saturated areas
beyond the anatomy are no longer part of the final image. This is most likely to happen on
high technique exposures.

CAUTION: Exercise care when placing lead markers to guarantee their presence in the
final image. Every attempt must be made to assure markers are not located
in regions of direct radiation, but are located in regions where some patient
attenuation of radiation is present without obstructing the anatomical
information of interest.

TUBE WARM UP

Tube Warm-up Introduction

It is essential that the x-ray tube be warmed up before allowing it to operate on full power to
avoid reducing its life cycle. When a new x-ray tube is put into operation for the first time or
when it has not been in operation for more than one week, the seasoning procedures shall
be carried out to assure subsequent trouble-free operation. Also, before starting the daily
examinations, conditioning the x-ray tube by running a series of exposures at medium
power is necessary.
This procedure establishes the proper relation to the tube’s new environment with the
equipment in use. The tube warm-up action establishes a favorable distribution of the
electrical charges and electrostatic stresses in the insulation system of the tube and the
associated equipment.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 6-7

When warming up the tube, always take the precautionary measures to protect personnel
from X-ray radiation.

WARNING: All radiation safety rules must be observed. In order to protect human body
from harmful X-ray, close the collimator or block the tube assembly radiation
port with at least a Six (6) mm thick piece of lead. No patient or personnel is
allowed in the room.

Tube Warm-Up Procedure

CAUTION: Effecting exposure at near peak potential and current without prior tube
warm up will damage the tube.
To maximize tube life, perform the following tube warm-up procedure.
• For a newly installed system, follow below steps to finish the Tube Warm-up:
a) Close the collimator blades, and rotate the collimator so that it does not project to
the detector;
b) Start an exam, select “Tabletop” mode which will not generate image, select large
focal spot, 50kV, 160mA, 100ms;
c) Take one exposure and wait for 1 minute. Repeat the exposure with the same
technique.
d) Increase by 10kV from the previous kV setting, keep mA, ms unchanged, repeat step
c), until the kV reaches to the maximum, it is 150kV for our system.
NOTE: When there is any error/warning message related with the tube are observed in the
course of increasing tube voltage, reduce the tube voltage to the extent that no
errors/warnings, and then increase it more slowly than previously (less than 10kV).
• When the X-ray tube unit is used after a dormant period of a week or more, follow
below steps to finish the Tube Warm-up:
a) Close the collimator blades, and rotate the collimator so that it does not project to
the detector;
b) Start an exam, select “Tabletop” mode which will not generate image, select large
focal spot, 50kV, 160mA, 100ms;
c) Take one exposure and after that, wait for 30s, with same exposure technique, take
the second exposure;
d) Increase by 10kV from the previous kV setting, keep mA, ms unchanged, repeat step
c), until the kV reaches to the maximum daily operating voltage for the system (for
example, 120kV, but depends on customer usage)

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 6-8

• Daily, prior to first use:

Before you start to use the system, it is requested to warm up the tube to your
necessary high voltage condition for stabilized equipment operation. The procedure is
listed below:
a) Close the collimator blades, and rotate the collimator so that it does not project to
the detector;
b) Start an exam, select “Tabletop” mode which will not generate image, select large
focal spot, 80kV, 160mA, 50ms, take one exposure;
c) Wait for 20s, increase to 100kV, keep mA, ms unchanged, take one exposure;
d) Wait for 20s, increase to 110kV, keep mA, ms unchanged, take one exposure;
e) Wait for 20s, increase to 120kV, keep mA, ms unchanged, take one exposure;
f) If the daily used highest voltage is more than 120kV, keep the procedure of waiting
for 20s, increase to that kV by 5kV, keep mA, ms unchanged, take exposure.
NOTE: If there is any error/warning message related with the tube are observed, re-Warm
up again under the previous condition.

System Status and Messages

Several types of messages and indicators are displayed on the Acquisition Workstation
screens to inform you of the system and subsystem operational status as well as error
messages. The complete list of error messages is available in the Service Manual.

Expose Hold
The Expose Hold button (Figure 6-7) appears at the bottom of the Worklist or Acquisition
screens when there is some condition that prevents an x-ray from being taken, such as the
exam room door being open or the tube is not in alignment with the detector.
The Expose Hold light on the RCIM and WS display board will also light up when there are
inhibits to exposures.
Click the Expose Hold button to view a list of all errors and interlocks that are preventing the
exposure (Figure 6-8). The items are removed from the list as they are corrected. The Expose
Hold button disappears when all errors and interlocks are corrected.
Figure 6-7 Worklist and Acquisition screen Expose Hold button

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 6-9

Figure 6-8 System Inhibits list

System Status Area

System status messages are displayed on the bottom of all main Workstation screens
(Figure 6-9). System Status messages are displayed when the system detects an irregularity
in system operation. The message informs you when remedial action is required to correct
the situation.
A console beep announces the arrival of an informational message. There are situations
where a system condition is detected that does not require stopping the procedure. The
message tells you to Continue or to Continue/Call Service (continue and call service).
NOTE: To clear the system status area, open the Message Log (described below) and close
it again.
Figure 6-9 System Status message

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 6-10

Technique Display Area

Technique Display Area is located at the left bottom corner of all main Workstation screens
(Figure 6-10). Technique Display Area is designed to display the real-time technique
parameters as they are set on the generator/displayed on the Workstation screen, in order
to allow the operator get the generator technique parameters anytime without any pop-up
screen blocking the view.
Figure 6-10 Technique Display Area

When the current workstation screen is either the Acquisition Screen(Figure 8-1) or the Edit
Technique Screen(Figure 15-33), the Parameters reflected in the Technique Display Area is
equivalent with that on the workstation screen.
Otherwise, the Technique Display Area will display the default parameters as 80kV, 160mA,
200mAs.
NOTE: The Technique Display Area cannot be changed by the Operator.

Message Log
Clicking the Message Log button at the bottom of any screen opens the Message Log
(Figure 6-11). The Message Log shows all status messages since the last system restart. The
messages are listed in descending chronological order, that is, the latest message is listed
first. This screen allows operators and service personnel to display, review, and analyze
system status messages.
If the message number is more than the messages in the list, [PREVIOUS] and [NEXT] will be
activated, and you can view all the useful messages.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 6-11

Figure 6-11 Message Log

Audio Indicators
There are several audio system indicators you can expect to encounter during operation.
Table 6-11 provides a summary of the major audio indicators.
Table 6-11 Audio Indicators

Name/Visual
Audio Indicators Cause Comment
Indicator

X-Ray On Occurs during Normal operation.

(RCIM light) normal
procedures in all
X-ray exposure
modes when
there is a visual
indicator but no
audible tone.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 6-12

Name/Visual
Audio Indicators Cause Comment
Indicator

Exposure Press Press handswitch Check exposure inhibition

Hold (RCIM handswitch under exposure messages, resolve the
Exposure under exposure hold status. issue, and press the
Inhibition hold status, handswitch.
Indicator) there is a
scream.

Exposure There is a Tube overheat. Wait the tube temperatue

Hold (RCIM non-stop reduces until indicator
Exposure scream. goes out.
Inhibition
Indicator)

ILinq
ILinq is an optional feature of your system that allows access to remote service and clinical
applications support.
The iLinq system lets authorized Service Engineers and Applications Specialists, located at
GE Healthcare's Service Support Centers, access X-ray systems (with your permission) to
provide the following services:
• Faster Emergency Service response
• Customer Applications training and assistance
• System troubleshooting and diagnostics
• Accumulate system information for failure analysis, resolution and prediction to assist in
maintaining optimal X-ray system performance

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 6-13

Figure 6-12 iLinq main screen

Table 6-12 iLinq Screen functions

Function Description

Application Self Provides applications protocol descriptions, newsletters, and

Help a list of frequently asked questions as well as additional TiP
(Training in Partnership) educational opportunities

Contact GE Allows the electronic submission of a service request or

applications question directly to the Online Center.
Figure 6-13 shows the screen you use to report a problem
with your system, using the iLinq system.

Community Connects you to GE Healthcare’s online community of

experts.

Messages Receives messages from the Online Center.

Online Tutorial Access online training for iLinq features.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 6-14

Function Description

iLinq Help Provides help for all of the iLinq features. In order to receive
detailed help on a particular topic, simply make your
selection from the items to the left side of the screen by
clicking on them.

Close Closes iLinq and returns you the system.

Figure 6-13 iLinq Contact GE screen

Use this procedure to connect to the iLinq system when you need to report a problem with
your system.
1. Click the [iLinq] icon on the Worklist or Acquisition screens.
2. Click [CONTACT GE].
3. Enter the required information into the Contact GE iLinq screen.
4. Click [SEND TO GE].
5. Click [CLOSE].
 iLinq closes and returns you to the Worklist or Acquisition screens.

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Installation and use of the iLinq system is limited to GE Customers with an X-ray system that
is under warranty or covered by a valid GE Service Contract, in accordance with the terms
and conditions of the iLinq Agreement or GE Service Contract. The presence of the GE iLinq
system alone, at a your site, does not provide you any rights or title to the iLinq system or
any license or right to access, use or decompile the iLinq system. Any access to or use of the
iLinq system beyond the conditions specified in the iLinq Agreement or GE Service Contract;
or any decompilation of the iLinq system by anyone other than GE personnel is prohibited.
By signing the iLinq Agreement, you agree to use reasonable effort to protect the iLinq
system against damage or loss and to prevent access to, use of or decompilation of the
iLinq system by unauthorized personnel.

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Chapter 7

Worklist

The Worklist is the starting point for patient set up and selecting procedures for acquisition.
All exams begin from this screen.
The Worklist information and functions are based on DICOM standards.
This chapter explains the procedures for entering data into the system and setting up a
patient.
Topics covered include:

• Overview • Select Multiple Procedures

- Patient List Columns • Delete Procedures
• Manage List / Find Procedures - Delete a Single Procedure
- Messages - Delete Suspended Procedures
- Search By • Add Patient / Edit Patient Information
- Sort by Column - Overview
- Filter List - Add Patient
- Refresh - Edit Patient Information
• Select Procedures
- Select a Single Procedure

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 7-1

Overview
The Worklist (Figure 7-1) shows scheduled, completed, discontinued, suspended, and active
procedures.
The majority of the Worklist is the Patient List. The Patient List is a large table made of
standard columns and rows. Each row in the list is a procedure, or exam to be performed. A
patient may have multiple procedures (rows) on the Worklist.
Procedures listed can be classified under two categories:
• Locally entered procedures: This category refers to procedures entered by the user on
the workstation, either by manually entering the information or by using an bar code
scanner. Locally entered procedures are only available to the workstation that they
were entered on. They do not update automatically and no other workstation can
access them.
• Hospital Information System (HIS) or Radiology Information System (RIS) Procedures:
This category refers to procedures that the Worklist can automatically update from the
central HIS/RIS database.
Figure 7-1 Worklist screen

Table 7-1 lists and describes all the functions on the Worklist screen.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 7-2

Table 7-1 Worklist Functions

Function Description

Worklist Click this icon can show the whole worklist on the screen. All
the patient detail information can be found.
The information can be added from RIS/HIS or add the
information from the system.
The list can be displayed by different filters.

Image Management Click this icon to display all the image detail information: study
date, Series information etc.

[UTILITIES] Opens a screen where system settings (such as Network and

Printer connections) and preferences may be changed. If the
Login function is enabled, the preferences you are allowed to
change will vary depending on your level of access.
Refer to Chapter 15: Set Preferences for more information.

[LOG OFF] If the Login function is enabled, clicking this button logs the
current user off of the system.
Refer to System Login and Log Off for more information.

[PATIENT INFORMATION] Shows the Patient Information screen for the selected
procedure.
NOTE: Patient Information is editable if the currently selected
procedure has not been opened. Once the exam starts
the Patient Information is no longer editable. Patient
Information is not editable if multiple procedures are
selected.
Refer to Add Patient / Edit Patient Information for more
information.

[REFRESH LIST] Updates the worklist view with new information from the HIS
or RIS, which shows changes to the procedure records. Also
removes any filters that have been applied.
Refer to Refresh for more information on automatically
refreshing the Worklist.

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Function Description

[FILTER LIST] Displays a worklist query screen and filters the RIS or HIS
records to find procedures that meet specific criteria.
Refer to Filter List for information on how to filter the Worklist.

Procedure List Area Shows all procedures scheduled for examinations during a
working day. Procedures on the list may be downloaded from
the RIS/HIS or may be created locally on the Acquisition
workstation.
The list may be sorted by column, searched, or filtered.
The time period displayed is configurable. Refer to Chapter 15:
Set Preferences for information on changing the time period
displayed.

[ADD PATIENT] Allows you to enter patient information and adds the patient
to the Patient List.
Refer to Add Patient / Edit Patient Information for more
information.

Search By Searches for procedures by the selected the column name in

the drop-down list and the search criteria entered into the text
box.
Refer to Search By for information on searching the list.

[DELETE] [DELETE] - Removes the selected procedure or procedures

from the Patient List.
NOTE: [DELETE] does not remove procedures from the RIS or
HIS. [DELETE] does not remove any exam images from
the image database.
Refer to Delete Procedures for more information.

[START EXAM] or [RESUME Starts, continues, or appends the selected procedure.

EXAM] The button name changes depending on the Scheduled Status
of the selected procedure. If the selected procedure has a
Status of “Suspended”, the button name changes to [RESUME
EXAM].

[EMERGENCY EXAM] Begins an exam without selecting a procedure from the

Patient List or adding the patient. The system will assign a
unique tracking number as the Patient Name.
NOTE: The tracking number is the date and time the exam was
initiated. The time is recorded to the second.

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Function Description

[CASSETTE EXAM] Begins a cassette exam. Cassette exams allow exposures to

be taken without any digital patient record or image storage.

[MESSAGE LOG] Brings up the message log since the last system re-start.
Refer to System Login and Log Off for more information.

[QAP] Brings up the screens that allow you to perform QAP.

[EXPOSE HOLD] Appears when there is some condition that prevents an x-ray
from being taken, such as the exam room door being open or
the tube is not in alignment with the detector.
Click the button to view a list of all errors and interlocks that
are preventing the exposure. The items are removed from the
list as they are corrected. The button disappears when all
errors and interlocks are corrected.

[iLinq] Connects to iLinq support services.

Refer to ILinq for more information.

System Status Displays the last system status message.

To clear the system status area, open the Message Log and
close it again.
Refer to System Status and Messages for more information.

Technique Display Displays the system default technique parameters.

Refer to Technique Display Area for more information.

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Patient List Columns

Table 7-2 describes the columns on the Worklist. This information comes from what has
been entered in the Patient Information screen. Refer to Add Patient / Edit Patient
Information for detailed descriptions of the information presented.
Table 7-2 Worklist columns

Column Description

Patient Name The full name of the patient as entered in Add Patient/Patient
Information screen.

Patient ID The patient’s medical record number or any number that

distinguishes the patient.

Accession # The patient’s accession number.

Description Detail information for every procedure,anatomy name etc..

Date The date the procedure is scheduled to occur. On locally

added procedures, the current date is the default.

Time The time the procedure is scheduled to occur. On locally added

procedures, the current time is the default.

Physician The name of the physician who perform the exam.

Modality The modality of the procedure.

Status The status of the procedure.

Available options are:
• Scheduled – procedure has been created but not started.
• Completed – procedure has been closed.
• Suspended – procedure was started then interrupted.
• Discontinued – procedure was opened but cannot be
completed.
• In progress– procedure is currently in progress.
Refer to End Exam for more information about Completed,
Suspended, and Discontinued exams.

Location

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Re-size Columns
Columns in the patient list may be re-sized in order to reveal more information, such as
seeing a patient’s entire name.
1. Use the mouse to move the pointer to between two column headings.
 The cursor changes from an arrow to a re-size indicator
2. Click and drag the re-size indicator left or right to increase or decrease the column
width.
3. Release the mouse button when column is the correct width.
4. Repeat for any other columns you want to re-size.

Messages
Current system status messages are displayed in the system status area. These messages
inform you of the system’s readiness to take exposures or any problems with the software.
The area displays the last message.
NOTE: To clear the system status area, open and close the Message Log.
Figure 7-2 System status area

The [MESSAGE LOG] button displays a screen that shows all previous system status
messages since the last system restart.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 7-7

Figure 7-3 Message log

Manage List / Find Procedures

The Worklist has several features that allow you to find patients and procedures quickly and
to organize the list to your preferences.
Search By, Filters, and Sorting allow you to control the display of the procedures in the
Worklist.

Search By
The Search By feature finds procedures by column.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 7-8

Figure 7-4 Search by

1. Click the button on the Search By drop-down list to select the column you want to
search.
 If the column you want is already selected, begin at step 3.
2. Select the column. For example, Patient Name.
 The list automatically sorts the selected column.
3. Type the search criteria into the text box. For example, you are looking for patients
whose names begin with “J”, so you would type “J” into the text box.
 The list automatically goes to the first procedure whose patient’s name begins with
“J” and selects it.
 If the list is long enough, it will scroll to the first item so that it appears at the top of
the list.
NOTE: The text box is not case sensitive.
4. Continue typing the search criteria.
 The list automatically selects the first procedure that matches what you have typed
into the text box. This is called an incremental search.
 If no procedures match what you have typed, the list de-selects all procedures and
places the closest match at the top of the Worklist.

Sort by Column
Sorting allows you to organize the procedures by the column of your choice.

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1. Click on the column heading you want to sort, or choose the column in the Search By
drop-down list. For example, you want to see all the procedures that have a status of
“Suspended”, so you click on the “Scheduled Status” column heading.
 An arrow appears in the column heading to indicate which column is currently being
sorted.
2. Click the column heading again to switch between ascending and descending order.
 An up-pointing arrow indicates that the column is sorted in ascending order. That is,
sorted in alphabetical order or numerical order from smallest to largest.
 A down-pointing arrow indicates that the column is sorted in descending order. That
is, sorted in reverse alphabetical order or numerical order from largest to smallest.
Figure 7-5 Column with descending sort

Filter List
Use filters to only display the items corresponding to your chosen criteria, e.g., exams taken
only within a specified time period, patients whose last names begin with the letter ‘J’, or
patient IDs beginning with the digits ‘547’.
Filters cannot be saved.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 7-10

Figure 7-6 Worklist filter screen

The filter screen has several options (Table 7-3) for accepting or rejecting the information
from the Worklist.

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Table 7-3 Filter Acceptance/Rejection Buttons

Function Description

Filter list Filters the Worklist items by system or modality.

• This system – the local workstation
• All systems in modality – all digital x-ray systems in the
network
• All systems – all imaging systems in the network

Include Allows you to include or exclude completed or discontinued

exams in the filter.

Date Allows you to select the date of exams to filter by.

• All – procedures scheduled for any date
• Range - procedures scheduled for a specified range of time
• Today – procedures scheduled for the current date

From (mm/dd/yyyy) When the “Range” option is selected for the date, allows you
To (mm/dd/yyyy) to enter dates or pick dates from a calendar screen.

Patient Info Allows you to filter based on data from the Patient Information
screen.
Options are:
• Last Name
• First Name
• Accession #
• Patient ID
The filter may be restricted by any or all of these fields.
Leaving a field blank means that it will not be included in the
filter.

[OK] Applies the filter and returns you to the results on the Worklist.

[CANCEL] Clears the Filter screen and returns you to the Worklist.

Follow this procedure to filter the Worklist.

NOTE: The fields may be completed in any order.
1. Click [FILTER LIST] on the Worklist screen.
 The Filter Screen appears
2. Select the “ Filter list ” option.

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3. Select the “Include” options.

4. Select the “Date” option.
5. If you selected “Range” for the Date option, enter or select the From /To dates.
 The current date appears in both the From/To fields by default.
To select dates from the calendar:
 Click the [CALENDAR] button.
Figure 7-7 Calendar button

 The Filter calendar screen appears with the current date selected.Filter calendar
screen

a) Click [] to select the previous month, if necessary.

b) Click [] to select the next month, if necessary.

c) Click a date to select it.

– The calendar closes automatically when a date is clicked.
d) Click [CLOSE] to return to the Filter screen.

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6. Enter any Patient Info you want to filter by.

 You do not need to enter full words or numbers into these fields.
 Entering more information into these fields will reduce the number of results.
 Entering less or no information into these fields will increase the number of results.
NOTE: The Patient Info text boxes are not case sensitive.
7. Click [OK].
 Show List for screen closes and the Worklist screen appears with only those
procedures that met all of the filtering criteria.
 If no procedures met all the criteria, the Worklist will be blank.
8. Click [REFRESH] to remove the filter.

Refresh
Some systems will automatically refresh the Worklist with data from the HIS/RIS on a
regular basis (such as every 10 minutes). However, if your system does not automatically
refresh—or you want to refresh the list before the scheduled time — you are able to refresh
the list manually.
The Refresh feature also removes any filtering that has been applied. Refer to Filter List for
more information.

Manual Refresh
Follow this procedure to manually refresh the Worklist.
1. Click [REFRESH] on the Worklist.
 The Worklist updates with HIS/RIS data and removes any filtering.
NOTE: You will not be able to make selections or access Worklist features while the worklist
is refreshing.
NOTE: Refresh does not remove locally added procedures.

Auto Refresh
The Auto Refresh interval is set on the Preferences - Worklist screen in System Utilities. Refer
to Set Preferences for more information.
When the system auto refreshes, a message (Figure 7-8) appears: “Auto Refresh in progress.
Please wait.” The message remains until the refresh process is complete.
NOTE: You will not be able to make selections or access Worklist functions while the worklist
is refreshing.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 7-14

Figure 7-8 Auto refresh message

Select Procedures
Use this procedure to select a patient from the Worklist. This process assumes the patient
already exists on the system. If the patient is not on the worklist, you must add the patient
first. Refer to Add Patient for more information.

Select a Single Procedure

1. Close or suspend any open exams, if necessary.
 The Worklist screen appears.
2. Select the procedure from the Worklist.
 This can be done by clicking on the patient’s name from the list or aiming the bar
code scanner at the patient’s bar code generated by the HIS/RIS system.
3. Refer to Chapter 7: Image Acquisition to conduct the exam.

Select Multiple Procedures

You may select multiple procedures for the same patient to begin image acquisition.
NOTE: The Patient Name, Patient ID #, and Birth Date must match exactly in order to be
selected.
1. Sort the Worklist by Patient Name.
2. Click on a procedure.
3. Click on another procedure for the same patient.
4. Continue clicking on procedures until all procedures for the patient are selected.
5. Click on any other procedure to deselect the procedures.

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Delete Procedures
You may remove procedures from the Worklist individually.
The [DELETE] button is able to delete procedures.
NOTE: Deleted procedures cannot be recovered or “undeleted.”
To delete procedures:
1. Click on the small arrow on the right side of the button.
 A list appears with the available actions.
Figure 7-9 Delete button options

2. Click [DELETE] to remove the procedures.

NOTE: [DELETE] does not remove procedures from the RIS or HIS, and does not remove any
exam images from the image database.

Delete a Single Procedure

1. Select the procedure to delete.
2. Click [DELETE].
 A message appears: “Are you sure you would like to delete the selected items?”
Figure 7-10 Delete confirmation message

3. Click [OK] to delete the procedures or click [CANCEL] to stop deleting the procedures.
 If you clicked [OK], the selected procedures are deleted and the Worklist appears.
 If you clicked [CANCEL], the procedures are retained and the Worklist appears.

Delete Suspended Procedures

Suspended procedures cannot be deleted unless their status is changed to “Completed” or
“Discontinued”

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 7-16

1. Select the suspended procedures to delete.

 A message appears: “The patient entry you are trying to delete is still in progress.
Would you like to mark the patient as ‘Completed’ / ‘Discontinued’ and proceed with
deletion?”
2. Click [COMPLETE] or [DISCONTINUE].
 [COMPLETE] changes the Status to of the procedures to “Completed.” If enabled, any
acquired images are auto pushed, auto printed, and sent to PACS.
 [DISCONTINUE] changes the Status to “Discontinued.” Any acquired images are
marked as Discontinued and the information is sent to PACS.
 [CANCEL] closes the message and returns you to the Worklist without deleting
procedures.
 The procedures are removed from the Worklist.

Add Patient / Edit Patient Information

Overview
The Add Patient (Figure 7-11) and Patient Information screens allow you to enter patient and
procedure information before starting an exam or to view the information at any time.
NOTE: This screen may also be known as the Medical Procedure Card or MPC.
• To add a patient to the worklist, click [ADD PATIENT] and enter or select the appropriate
information. The information can be entered by two methods: manually or with a bar
code scanner.

CAUTION: Make sure the patient’s name, ID number, birth date, and gender information
are entered correctly.
NOTE: Use only standard alphanumeric characters to complete the screen. The use of a
question mark (?), forward slash (/), etc., results in an illegal character error message.
• To view the patient information from the Worklist or Image Management screens, select
the exam then click [PATIENT INFORMATION]. Patient information is not editable when
launched from the Image Management screen.
• To view the patient information from the Acquisition or Image Viewer screens, click
[PATIENT INFORMATION]. Patient information is not editable when launched from these
screens.
The screen appears on the same monitor where [PATIENT INFORMATION] was clicked.
Patient Information provided by the HIS/RIS is not editable.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 7-17

Patient Information entered locally is editable until the exam is started. It is not editable after
the exam is started or in progress.
NOTE: The Patient Information button is unavailable when multiple exams are selected at
the same time.
Figure 7-11 Add Patient or Patient Information

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 7-18

Table 7-4 Patient Information description

Function Description

Patient

First Name Identifies the patient’s first name.

Middle Name Identifies the patient’s middle name or initials.

Last Name Identifies the patient’s last name.

NOTE: Emergency Exams automatically fill this field with a
system-generated identification, which is the word
“NEW” followed by a date and time stamp of the second
the Emergency Exam button was clicked. For example:
NEW040622140345. The exam was initiated in year 04,
month 06, day 22, hour 14, minute 03, and second 45.

ID Identifies the patient’s medical record number or any number

that distinguishes the patient. This number must be unique.

Birth Date Identifies the patient’s birthday in the format dd/mm/yyyy.

If the date is not entered in the correct format, the screen will
show the date field in red when [START EXAM] or [SAVE] is
clicked.

In the above example, the year was entered with only 2 digits
(“45” instead of “1945”).

Age Identifies the patient’s age. The field updates with the correct
age when the Birth Date is entered.
Entering the Age manually will clear the Birth Date field.

Gender Defines the sex of the patient. By default, “Other” is selected

when the screen first opens.

Exam

Accession Number Identifies the patient’s accession number.

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Function Description

Operator Identifies the operator’s name or initials. You can use the
drop-down list to select commonly used names, or type the
name into the drop-down list box.
Refer to Set Preferences for information on adding names to
the drop-down list.

Performing Identifies the Radiologist or performing physician. You can use

Physician the drop-down list to select commonly used names, or type
the name into the drop-down list box.
Refer to Set Preferences for information on adding names to
the drop-down list.

Referring Physician Identifies the referring physician. You can use the drop-down
list to select commonly used names, or type the name into the
drop-down list box.
Refer to Set Preferences for information on adding names to
the drop-down list.

Status Displays the status of the selected exam.

When adding a patient, the only option is “Scheduled”.
Patient Information options are:
• Scheduled – The procedure has been added to the worklist,
but the exam has not started.
• Suspended – An exam was started but interrupted before
completion. The exam may be resumed at a later time.
• Complete - The exam is one that has been “Closed” on the
Acquire screen or marked as “Complete” on the Patient
Information screen. Completed exams are sent to the PACS
(where available).
• Discontinued – The procedure was opened, but no
exposures were taken. The exam may be started at a later
time or the procedure deleted.
• Active – The exam is currently in progress
If the status is “Scheduled”, “Active”, or “Suspended”, the status
may be changed to “Discontinued” or “Complete” for exams
that are not open or in acquisition.
Status is not editable for the following conditions:
• If the status is “Complete” or “Discontinued”
• If Patient Information is opened from the Image Viewer or
Image Management screens

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Function Description

Procedure Describes the procedure or series you are performing.

Description

Exam Date Displays the scheduled date of the selected exam.

Exam Time Defines the date and time for the patient’s exam to be
performed.

Modality Displays the modality of the exam.

[START EXAM] Displays the Acquisition screen in preparation for making

exposures. Refer to Select or Change Protocols for more
information. This also adds the patient name to the Worklist.
NOTE: This button does not appear if the Patient Information
screen is opened from the Image Viewer or Image
Management screens.

[SAVE] Adds the patient to the Worklist or saves changes and closes
the Add Patient/Patient Information screen.
• If the Save button is selected but all of the data fields have
not been filled in, a new patient is created anyway.
• If no patient name has been entered, then the patient name
will be listed as “New Patient”. This allows you to start an
exam quickly.

[CANCEL] Erases all newly entered information and closes the Add
Patient/Patient Information screen.

Add Patient
Use this procedure to enter the patient’s information into your system.
1. Open the Worklist screen.
 The Patient Worklist screen appears.
2. Click [ADD PATIENT].
 The Add Patient screen appears.
3. Enter the patient information.
 Data many be entered manually or with a bar code reader. Refer to Bar Code Reader
(Option) for more information.

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CAUTION: Make sure the patient’s name, ID number, birth date, and gender information
are entered correctly.
4. Click [SAVE] or [START EXAM].
 Click [SAVE] to add the patient to the Worklist and return to the Worklist screen.
 Click [START EXAM] (if available) to add the patient to the Worklist and begin
Acquisition.
 Click [CANCEL] to close the Add Patient screen without saving changes.
NOTE: For a new exam on a existing patient, the patient information cannot be edited.

Edit Patient Information

Patient information can only be edited before any procedure has been opened.
1. Select the procedure from the Worklist.
2. Click [PATIENT INFORMATION].
 The Patient Information screen appears.
3. Edit the information as necessary.
4. Click [SAVE] to record the changes and return to the Worklist.
 Clicking [CANCEL] closes the Patient Information screen without saving changes.

CAUTION: Please check the patient information carefully before start any procedure,
since you cannot edit the information again after a procedure has been
opened.

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Chapter 8

Image Acquisition

This section details the process of acquiring images using the digital detector or free
cassette.
NOTE: This section covers conducting a basic exam.
Topics covered include:

• Overview • Conduct a Table Top (Free Cassette) Exam

• Patient Dose Reporting • Conduct an Emergency Exam
• Re-start Completed or Discontinued • End Exam
Exams • Automatic Protocol Recognition (APR)
• Resume Suspended Exams (Option)
• Select or Change Protocols
• Conduct a Digital Table / Radiographic
Stretcher Table / Wall Stand / Digital
Cassette Exam

Overview
The Acquisition screen (Figure 8-1) is where the exam is set up and exposure details are
adjusted. This screen appears when you click the [START EXAM], [EMERGENCY EXAM], or
[CASSETTE EXAM] buttons on the Worklist or [START EXAM] from the Add Patient screen and
select the protocol.
NOTE: If you clicked the [CASSETTE EXAM] button, the Acquisition screen will present a
limited set of options. Refer to Conduct a Digital Table / Radiographic Stretcher Table
/ Wall Stand / Digital Cassette Exam for more information about cassette exams.

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© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Image Acquisition

Figure 8-1 Acquisition screen before AEC exposure

Table 8-1 Image Acquisition functions

Function Description

Patient Identification Identifies the patient for the current procedure.

[PATIENT INFORMATION] Displays Patient Information screen for the current procedure.
Refer to Chapter 7: Worklist for more information.

Exam Mode Click the button to go to the acquisition screen.

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© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Image Acquisition

Function Description

Protocol List Lists the available views for the exam and shows which view is
currently active.

Protocol Name Identifies the currently select protocol.

[SELECT PROTOCOLS] Brings up the Select Protocols screen to add, remove, or change
protocols.

[SUSPEND] Ends the exam with the intent of continuing at a later time. Does
not initiate auto send or auto print, if enabled.
Refer to End Exam for more information.

[CLOSE] Closes the procedure. If enabled, [CLOSE] sends billing

information to the PACS system, auto sends, and auto prints
acquired images.
Refer to End Exam for more information.

[DISCONTINUE] Ends the exam when the procedure has been opened but the
exam cannot continue.
Refer to End Exam for more information.

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© 2007-2017 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Image Acquisition

Function Description

Patient Size: Allows you to choose the size of the patient being x-rayed.
Available options are:
• Small Pediatric (infants up to 1 year old)
• Medium Pediatric (toddlers to 5 years old)
• Large Pediatric (school-age children)
• Small Adult
• Medium Adult
• Large Adult
NOTE: Pediatric techniques are set at different system speeds
then adult techniques. For example, the system speed for
a pediatric exam of 70 kV at 32 mAs is 800. The default
system speed for an adult exam of 70 kV at 32 mAs is 400.

Receptor: Selects the receptor for the protocol.

In order from left to right, the options are:
• Wall stand
• Table
• Table Top (free cassette)
• Digital cassette
NOTE: For Table Top exams, the exposure time is limited to two
(2) seconds.

[AEC] and [FIXED] (mode) Selects AEC or FIXED modes.

Refer to Chapter 11: Exposure Control for more information.

Reset Technique: Resets the technique to the default protocol settings.

SID Shows the current SID, the recommended SID for this technique,
and whether the current SID is recommended.

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Image Acquisition

Function Description

Ion Chamber: If in AEC mode, selects the ions chambers to use.

(AEC mode only) NOTE: When in AEC mode, at least one ion chamber must be
selected. Any combination of chambers is allowed.
NOTE: When in AEC mode, the body part must cover the selected
ion chambers in order to achieve the proper exposure.

Focal Spot: Selects a large or small focal spot.

Patient Side If conducting an exam on paired anatomy (for example,

extremities), selects the side of the patient being x-rayed.
Options are:
• Both
• Left
• Right
If conducting an exam on unpaired anatomy, the control is
disabled, as shown here.

Patient Position: Selects the patient position relative to the detector. The available
options change if the currently selected protocol view is for
paired or non-paired anatomy.
For paired anatomy, the options are:
• Digits to Head
• Digits to Feet
• Digits to Front
• Digits to Back
For non-paired anatomy, the options are:
• Head Up
• Head Down
NOTE: The above lists of positions paired and unpaired anatomy
are a general guidelines only. Some views have different
options.

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Image Acquisition

Function Description

kV Adjusts the kV.

• The up/down buttons on the right of the field adjust the kV by
one unit.
• The buttons on the left of the field adjust the kV by 10 units.
The kVp selection range is 40-150, in 1 kVp increments.

mA Adjusts the mA.

• The up/down buttons on the right of the field adjust the mA by
one unit.
• The buttons on the left of the field adjust the mA by 10 units.
The mA selection is in Renard steps. The available selections are:
10, 12.5, 16, 20, 25, 32,40, 50, 63, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 320,
400, 500, 630.
NOTE: Not all mA and mAs selections are available at all kV
settings.

mAs Shows the mAs for the technique with the current kV, mA and ms
settings.
If in FIXED mode, adjusts the mAs.
NOTE: Not all mA and mAs selections are available at all kV
settings.
If in AEC mode, shows the calculated mAs for the current kV and
mA after exposure.

Sec Adjusts the ms.

The ms selection is in Renard steps. The available selections are:
2, 2.5, 3.2, 4, 5, 6.3, 8, 10, 12.5, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 80, 100,
125, 160, 200, 250, 320, 400, 500, 630, 800ms, 1, 1.25, 1.6, 2s.
If in AEC mode, the AEC back-up time is displayed below the Sec
field.
The AEC default backup time is two (2) seconds at most.

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Image Acquisition

Function Description

system status Displays the last system status message.

NOTE: To clear the system status area, open the Message Log
and close it again.
Refer to Chapter 6: General Information for more information

Technique Display Display the technique parameters, which are equivalent with
that on the Acquisition Screen.
Refer to Technique Display Area for more information

[MESSAGE LOG] Brings up the message log since the last system re-start.
Refer to Chapter 6: General Information for more information.

[QAP] Brings up the screens that allow you to perform QAP.

Refer to Chapter 13: Quality Assurance Process for more
information.

[EXPOSE HOLD] Appears when there is some condition that prevents an x-ray
from being taken, such as the exam room door being open or the
tube is not in alignment with the detector.
Click the button to view a list of all errors and interlocks that are
preventing the exposure. The items are removed from the list as
they are corrected. The button disappears when all errors and
interlocks are corrected.

[iLinq] Connect to iLinq remote support services.

Refer to Chapter 6: General Information for more information.

Patient Dose Reporting

In both Fixed and AEC exposure modes, estimates of patient dose are calculated after each
acquisition and optionally displayed as part of image annotations. This information is also
stored in the DICOM header of each image (the RAW image and its corresponding
PROCESSED image) and cannot be edited or modified by the operator.

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Image Acquisition

• Entrance Dose (unit: mGy) is an estimate of entrance dose (air-kerma) of the patient
surface under certain assumption. Patient thickness is assumed to be 25cm. The SID is
assumed to be 100cm for Table/Digital Cassette mode and 180cm for Wallstand mode.
Entrance dose is stored in DICOM header tag (0018,1405) in units of µGy.

Re-start Completed or Discontinued Exams

Procedures with a Status of “Completed” or “Discontinued” cannot be re-opened. However,
you may create a new exam or append the existing exam.
1. Select the procedure(s) from the Worklist.
2. Click [PATIENT INFORMATION] to verify the patient, if necessary.
3. Click [RESUME EXAM].
 A message appears: “The selected exam has been Discontinued/Completed and
cannot be started/resumed. Would you like to create a new exam for this patient or
append to the existing exam?”
Figure 8-2 Start a discontinued or completed exam message

4. Click the button of the action to perform.

 [APPEND EXAM] creates a new series within the existing exam and opens the Select
Protocols screen.
 [NEW EXAM] creates a new exam and series for the patient and opens the Select
Protocols screen.

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Image Acquisition

NOTE: The new exam will be placed under the same accession number as a new series.
Check your hospital conformance standards before selecting this option because it
may effect HIS/RIS or PACS formats.
 [CANCEL] closes the message and returns you to the Worklist.
5. Refer to Select or Change Protocols to continue with the exam.

Resume Suspended Exams

Suspended exams may be resumed at any time. The process of resuming a suspended
exam is the same as starting a new exam.
1. Select the exams from the Worklist.
2. Click [RESUME EXAM].
NOTE: Protocol selections and technique changes are not saved in a suspended exam.
Protocols must be reselected and techniques must be re-set.

Select or Change Protocols

The Select Protocols screen (Figure 8-3) appears when you click [START EXAM] on the
Worklist or Add Patient screen or when you click [SELECT PROTOCOLS] on the Acquisition
screen.
The select protocols screen is divided into two halves: Available Protocols on the left and
Selected Protocols on the right.
• Available Protocols lists all the protocols currently listed in the database, categorized by
anatomical region: for example, head, chest, spine, and abdomen. Each category
expands to show the exams for that category.
• Selected Protocols lists all currently selected protocols in the following format: anatomy
/ exam This list automatically updates as protocols are selected or removed.
Refer to Chapter 15: Set Preferences for information on adding protocols to the protocol
database.
NOTE: The protocols supplied with the system represent examples for procedures
commonly conducted in radiography. Based on the needs of a particular practice,
these protocols may be modified to optimize factors such as image quality or dose
reduction. Work with your team of Radiologists, Medical Physicists and Technologists
to evaluate techniques that may reduce radiation dose and provide adequate
diagnostic information.

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Image Acquisition

Figure 8-3 Select Protocols

Use this process to select or change protocols for a procedure.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 8-10

1. Check the desired protocol category, Chest for example.

Figure 8-4 Select exam

2. Click on an anatomical category to open it.

 The category expands to show the available exams.
 Click on the anatomical category name again to close it.
3. Click on an exam to select it.
 A checkmark appears in the box to the left of the exam name.
 A checkmark appears next to the category name. This indicates that the category
has at least one exam selected.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 8-11

Figure 8-5 Selected exams

 The category and exam names appear in the Selected Protocols list.
4. Click on the exam again to de-select it.
 The category and exam name are removed from the Selected Protocols list.
5. Repeat process until exams are selected for all procedures.
6. Click [ACCEPT].
 The Select Protocols screen closes.
 The Acquisition screen appears on the monitor.
 Clicking [CLOSE] removes the selections and returns you to the Worklist.
7. Refer to Conduct a Digital Table / Radiographic Stretcher Table / Wall Stand / Digital
Cassette Exam or Conduct a Table Top (Free Cassette) Exam to continue the exam.

Conduct a Digital Table / Radiographic Stretcher Table /

Wall Stand / Digital Cassette Exam
This section describes the adjustments required when conducting a table exam.
Refer to Chapter 4: Quick Step Guides for an overview of the entire acquisition process.
Follow this process to conduct a table / wall stand / digital cassette exam.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 8-12

NOTE: If you need to interrupt the exam and resume it at a later time, click the [SUSPEND]
button. You will be returned to the Worklist.
1. Select the Exam and View to perform from the protocol list.
2. Select the Patient Size. The system default is Medium Adult.
NOTE: To optimize processing for the best image quality, Patient Size should be confirmed
for each view. Available options are:
– Small Pediatric (infants up to 1 year old)
– Medium Pediatric (toddlers to 5 years old)
– Large Pediatric (school-age children)
– Small Adult
– Medium Adult
– Large Adult

WARNING: It is critical to select the proper patient size on the Acquisition screen. The
incorrect Patient Size may result in an unnecessarily large radiation dose or
multiple exposures.
3. Choose the Table / Wallstand / Digital Cassette Receptor, if necessary.
Figure 8-6 Receptors: Table receptor selected

Figure 8-7 Receptors: Wall stand receptor selected

Figure 8-8 Receptors: Digital cassette receptor selected

4. Choose [AEC] or [FIXED] mode (if applicable for the protocol).

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 8-13

5. Confirm or adjust the SID status.

Figure 8-9 Table / Digital cassette SID position

Figure 8-10 Wall Stand SID position

NOTE: You may still be able to take exposures even if the grid or SID are not in the
recommended positions.
6. Make technique adjustments as necessary: kV, mA, Focal spot, and Ion chambers (AEC
mode only).
NOTE: Click [RESET TECHNIQUE] at any time to reset the technique to the default protocol
settings.
7. Position the patient on the table / in front of the wall stand.
NOTE: When in AEC mode, the body part must cover the selected ion chambers in order to
achieve the proper exposure.
8. Confirm or adjust the Patient Side field, if applicable.
9. Confirm or adjust the Patient Position field.

WARNING: If using AEC mode, collimation must be active over the ion chambers being
used. If it is not possible to collimate over the selected ion chambers, then
FIXED mode must be used in order to prevent possible patient over-exposure.
10. Have the patient suspend respiration, if required.
11. Make exposure using the hand-switch.
 The image appears on Image Viewer screen (monitor).
NOTE: After the first exposure, a preview image appears in approximately 8 seconds. It takes
about 10 seconds for a fully processed image to appear on the Acquisition screen. A
Dual Energy exam will take approximately 18 seconds to appear on the Image Viewer
screen.

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Conduct a Table Top (Free Cassette) Exam

The Table Top Exam function takes an x-ray without digital image acquisition and storage or
electronic information sending and retrieval. This is instead of traditional Film Screen or CR
cassette.
Figure 8-11 Table top exam Acquisition screen

Follow this process to conduct a Table Top Exam.

1. Click [CASSETTE EXAM] from the bottom of the Worklist screen.
NOTE: Because a cassette exam does not use digital image storage, you do not select
procedures from the Worklist.
Figure 8-12 [CASSETTE EXAM] button on Worklist

 The Select Protocols screen appears.

2. Select the protocols to perform.

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3. Click [ACCEPT].
 The Acquisition screen appears in Table Top Exam mode.
4. Make manual technique adjustments as necessary for the appropriate body part being
imaged: kV, mA, mAs, Focal Spot.
5. Position the patient with the cassette as appropriate for the exam.
6. Collimate and shield as appropriate for the exam.
7. Have the patient suspend respiration, if required.
8. Make exposure using the hand-switch.
9. Process the digital cassette as necessary, depending on the media.
10. Click [CLOSE] to end the exam.
 The Worklist appears.

Conduct an Emergency Exam

Emergency Exam is a function that allows a patient to be x-rayed without selecting the
patient from the Worklist or adding the patient to the Worklist.
Figure 8-13 Emergency Exam button

Emergency Exam is used in the following situations:

• Medical emergency – The patient needs an x-ray taken immediately.
• No patient information available – There is no patient information to enter due to the
patient’s medical condition. For example, the patient was found unconscious with no
identification.
When the [EMERGENCY EXAM] button is clicked, the system assigns a unique tracking
number as the Patient Name. The tracking number is the word “NEW” followed by a date
and time stamp of the second the Emergency Exam button was clicked. For example:
NEW040622140345. The exam was initiated in year 04, month 06, day 22, hour 14, minute
03, and second 45.
The tracking number is used as the Patient Name on image annotation and as the Patient ID.
NOTE: When the patient information becomes available, images can be copied into the
appropriate worklist selection. The selection can be populated to the worklist either
by HIS/RIS or manual entry. Refer to Chapter 9: Image Management for more
information.
Once initiated, an emergency exam is conducted the same way as any other exam.

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Follow this process to conduct an emergency exam.

1. Click [EMERGENCY EXAM] from the bottom left of the Worklist.
 The Select Protocols screen appears. Refer to Select or Change Protocols for more
information.
2. Select the protocols for the exam.
3. Click [ACCEPT].
 The Acquisition screen appears.
4. Select the protocol to perform from the Protocol List.
5. Acquire images. Refer to Conduct a Digital Table / Radiographic Stretcher Table / Wall
Stand / Digital Cassette Exam, or Chapter 4: Quick Step Guides for more information.

End Exam
There are several ways to end an exam: Suspend, Close, and Discontinue. Each method is
used for a specific purpose and cover a variety of different situations.
Figure 8-14 Buttons used to end exams

Suspend
Suspend is for situations when you must leave the exam but intend to resume it at a later
time. Suspending an exam does not initiate auto send or auto print (if enabled). Images
acquired from a suspended exam do not appear on the Image Management screen. Any
acquired images are stored in a temporary database until they are committed to the
permanent storage database upon closure of the exam.

Close
Close is used when the exam is complete; that is, you have acquired all images and do not
intend to continue. If enabled, Close sends the images to PACS and initiates auto print and
auto send. The images are committed to the permanent storage database and the exam
appears on the Image Management screen.

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Discontinue
Discontinue an exam when you have opened the procedure but cannot continue the exam.
Any images that were acquired are marked so that they are not used by PACS.
When an exam is discontinued, you must provide the reason for discontinuing the exam.
The system sends the status and reason together to the HIS/RIS.
The available reasons are:
• Doctor cancelled procedure
• Equipment failure
• Incorrect procedure ordered
• Patient allergic to media/contrast
• Patient died
• Patient refused to continue procedure
• Patient taken for treatment or surgery
• Patient did not arrive
• Patient pregnant
• Change of procedure for correct charging
• Duplicate order
• Nursing unit cancel
• Incorrect side ordered
• Discontinue for unspecified reason
• Incorrect worklist selection
NOTE: The reason for discontinuing an exam cannot be seen on the Worklist or Patient
Information. The information is added to the DICOM header.
Use this procedure to discontinue an exam.
1. Click [DISCONTINUE] from the bottom of the Acquisition screen.
 A message appears: “Please select a reason for discontinuing this exam.”
2. Select the option that best describes why the exam is being discontinued.
 Choose “Discontinue for unspecified reason” if no other options describe the current
situation.

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3. Click [OK].
 The message closes and the Worklist screen opens.
 The status of the procedure changes to “Discontinued” on the worklist.
 If multiple procedures were selected, the discontinued status applies to all
procedures that were open when the exam was discontinued.
 Click [CANCEL] to close the message and return to the Acquisition screen.

Automatic Protocol Recognition (APR) (Option)

Automatic Protocol Recognition (APR) is a purchased option that will eliminate the protocol
selection process and take you directly to the Acquisition screen for the appropriate exam
view after selecting the patient from the Worklist. This feature is designed to help provide
better ease of use.
For APR to function, the system protocol database must have matching values for the
Requested Procedure Code from the selected Exam in the HIS/RIS Worklist. The Acquisition
screen will open with the first view of the first exam selected.
If multiple SPS entries are selected at the same time, the error message will indicate which
protocol codes received from the HIS/RIS did not match.
When the feature is enabled at installation, the Field Engineer will run a software script to
associate the facility’s exam codes, such as CPT codes, from the HIS/RIS to the Default
Protocol Database exams. Any newly created custom exams must have the procedure code
assigned to the new exam (Figure 8-15) in the protocol database editor preferences. Refer to
Chapter 15: Set Preferences for more information.
Procedure codes, either entered manually or assigned through a script, will be backed up
when the Protocol Database is backed up. Refer to Chapter 15: Set Preferences for more
information.
If your system has APR enabled but you have manually added a patient or began an
Emergency Exam, the following message will appear after you click the [START EXAM]
button: “None of the protocol codes match with any of the existing protocols in the
database. Please select them manually.” Click the [OK] button to dismiss the message and
proceed to select the protocols as previously described.
You are still able to change or select additional protocols from the Acquisition screen using
the previously described process.
APR codes are added or edited through the Exam Select Code field on Add Exam or Edit
Exam screen (Figure 8-15) of the Edit Protocol Database preferences. Refer to Chapter 15:
Set Preferences for more information.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 8-19

Figure 8-15 Add Exam

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Chapter 9

Image Management

The Image Management screen (Figure 9-1) shows all the images stored in the selected
database source. This screen is used to manage images, copy images to exams, transfer
images to network hosts, or save images on CD/DVD.
Topics covered include:

• Overview • Copy Exams and Images

• Select Image Database Source - Copy Exams to a Network Host
- Load Images from a Network Host - Copy Images to Another Exam
- Load Images from a CD/DVD - Copy Exams to a CD/DVD
• Search List • Delete Exams, Series, or Images
- Sort by Column - Lock Exams from Deletion
• Open Exams and Images • Make Patient Anonymous

Overview
The majority of the Image Management screen is devoted to the exam list. Images are
organized by exam. Each exam is a row. If multiple exams were acquired in the same
session, each exam has its own row on the list. The exam expands to show the series.
Within each exam are “series” of images. A series is a collection of one or more images
acquired in a session. Each protocol is a series. A new series is created when a completed
exam is appended and every time an image is re-processed (in review mode).
There are two types of image series: raw and processed. Raw images are the exact images
that were acquired. Processed images are the raw images with specific processing and
image adjustments (such as brightness and contrast) applied. It is possible to create several
processed images from one raw image.

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Individual images reside within the series. Double-clicking on a series or clicking the [+]
button opens the image details section of the worklist. In the Image Details section, each
row is an image. Selecting a row makes a small preview image, or “thumbnail,” appear. The
image may be opened for viewing or adjustment or deleted.
Selecting multiple exams on the Image Management screen is different than on the
Worklist.
• The Image Management screen allows you to select exams that do not have the same
Patient ID or Patient Name.
• To select a contiguous group of exams: Hold down the SHIFT key on the keyboard. Click
and drag with the mouse to select the exams.
• To select non-contiguous exams: Hold down the CTRL key on the keyboard. Click on
individual exams to select.
Figure 9-1 Image Management screen

1. Selected
1 exam
2. Series in
2 exam
3. Image
detail button
4. Images in
3 selected
series
4 5. Preview of
selected
5 image

Table 9-1 Image Management screen functions

Function Description

Multiple selection Clicking this icon can select studies from different patients or
different series and images from the same patient.

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Function Description

Image Tools Performs various functions on selected exams. Available

options are:
• Copy Exam – Allows all exam images for a patient to be
copied to another patient, to another location, or to CD/DVD.
• De-identify – Makes the patient anonymous (removes all
identifying information, including Name, ID, and accession
number).
• SMPTE – Allows services personnel to access the SMPTE
pattern for system calibration.
• CBT – If available, launches Computer Based Training for the
system. If Computer Based Training is not available, the
option is disabled.
• PACS images
• TG18
NOTE: It is not expected that you will need to access the SMPTE
pattern or test images during the course of a normal
day. Test images are typically used to calibrate the
system or to determine the cause of quality problems.

Source Selects the source of images to view (e.g., the local

workstation, networked computers, or a CD/DVD).

[PATIENT Shows the Patient Information screen for the selected

INFORMATION] procedure.
NOTE: Patient Information cannot be edited once an exam has
started.
Refer to Chapter 6: Worklist-Add Patient / Edit Patient
Information for more information.

Search by Searches for procedures by the selected the column name in

the drop-down list and the search criteria entered into the text
box.

[LOCK] or [UNLOCK] Locks the selected exams from deletion. If a locked exam is
selected, the button name changes to [UNLOCK].
[UNLOCK] removes the lock from the selected exams.

[DELETE] Deletes the selected exams or images from the local

database.

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Function Description

[VIEWER] Opens the Image Viewer screen and shows the images in the
selected series. Images may be adjusted on the Image Viewer
screen. Refer to Chapter 10: Image Viewer for more
information.
If Multiple Patient Print function is not activated, this icon will
be unavailable when you select multiple patient images.

[TRANSFER LOG] Shows a list of transferred exams and their destinations.

System Status Displays the last system status message. Refer to Chapter 6:
General Information-System Status and Messages for more
information.

Technique Display Display the system default technique parameters.

Refer to Technique Display Area for more information.

[MESSAGE LOG] Brings up the message log since the last system re-start. Refer
to Chapter 6: General Information-System Status and Messages
for more information.

Image counter To display the total image number (the number at the right
side) the system can store and the total image number system
has already stored in 10MB.

Local read and These two icons are at the left top of the screen.
CD-ROM read Click the “Local” icon to display all the studies in the system.
Click the “CD1” icon to display all the studies in the CD which
has been inserted into the CD-ROM already.

Local write and These two icons are at the left bottom of the screen.
CD-ROM write Click the “Local” icon to copy the selected images to the local
PC which has been connected to this system.
Click the “CD1” icon to copy the selected images to the CD
which has been inserted into the CD-ROM already.

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Select Image Database Source

The Source buttons allow you to load and work with images from different locations, such as
a CD/DVD, network host, or the local workstation.
Figure 9-2 Image sources

• Local – shows exams and images stored on the local workstation.

• CD1 – shows exams and images stored on a CD/DVD. The options for the drop-down list
are CD and Eject CD.

Load Images from a Network Host

Follow this process to access images stored on a network host.
1. Select the network host from the drop-down list, if necessary.
 The filter screen appears. Refer to Chapter 7: Worklist-Manage List / Find Procedures
for more information.
2. Complete the Filter screen as appropriate.
3. Click [OK].
 A message appears: “Retrieving requested information.”
 The Image Management screen list updates with exams from the selected source.

Load Images from a CD/DVD

Follow this process to access images stored on a CD/DVD.
1. Use the CD1 button to open the CD tray on the workstation computer. Press the arrow
and select EJECT CD from the drop-down list.
 The CD tray opens.
2. Place the CD/DVD with images into the CD tray.
3. Close the CD tray. Press the Eject button below the tray or gently nudge the CD tray
towards the computer.
4. Click [CD1].
 The exam list updates to show the images stored on the CD/DVD.
5. Select the exams.
6. Copy the exams to the Local database. Refer to Copy Exams and Images for more
information.

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7. Open the exams from the Local database.

NOTE: If the exams are being viewed on a computer that has the DICOM viewer installed,
images may be viewed directly from the CD/DVD.

Search List
The Search By feature finds procedures by column.
Figure 9-3 Search by

1. Click the button on the Search By drop-down list to select the column you want to
search.
 If the column you want is already selected, begin at step 3.
2. Select the column. For example, Patient ID.
 The list automatically sorts the selected column.
3. Type the search criteria into the text box. For example, you are looking for patients
whose names begin with “J”, so you would type “J” into the text box.
NOTE: The text box is not case sensitive.
4. Continue typing the search criteria.
 The list automatically selects the first procedure that matches what you have typed
into the text box. This is called an incremental search.
 If no procedures match what you have typed, the list de-selects all procedures and
places the closest match at the top of the Worklist.

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Sort by Column
Sorting allows you to organize the procedures by the column of your choice.
1. Click on the column heading you want to sort, or choose the column in the Search By
drop-down list. For example, you want to see all the procedures that have a status of
“Suspended”, so you click on the “Scheduled Status” column heading.
 An arrow appears in the column heading to indicate which column is currently being
sorted.
2. Click the column heading again to switch between ascending and descending order.
 An up-pointing arrow indicates that the column is sorted in ascending order. That is,
sorted in alphabetical order or numerical order from smallest to largest.
 A down-pointing arrow indicates that the column is sorted in descending order. That
is, sorted in reverse alphabetical order or numerical order from largest to smallest.
Figure 9-4 Column with descending sort

Open Exams and Images

Follow this process to open exams and images for viewing.
1. Double-click the exam to open it (or, select the exam and press ENTER on the keyboard).
 The series for the exam expands below the exam.
2. Double-click the series to open it (or, select the series and click [+] image details).
 The image detail opens.
3. Select the image.
 A preview thumbnail appears.
4. Double-click on the image (or, select the series and click [VIEWER]).
 The selected series opens on the Image Viewer screen with the selected image
displayed.

Copy Exams and Images

Exams (including all series and images) may be copied to a network host or to a CD. The
images from an exam may be copied to another exam.
NOTE: Copying exams does not remove the exam from its original location.

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Copy Exams to a Network Host

Exams may be copied to a configured network location. Refer to Chapter 15: Set Preferences
for information about configuring network hosts.
1. Select the exams to copy.
2. Switch to the network Destination, if necessary.
3. Click [DESTINATION].
 A message appears: “Images will be copied to the selected exam. Images will not
automatically be removed from the source exam.”
4. Click [OK].
 If there is a problem and the exams cannot be copied to the selected network host, a
message appears: “The network destination is not responding. If the problem persists
contact your network administrator.”
 Click OK to close the message. Try copying the exams at a later time.
 To see the status of the exams being copied, click [TRANSFER LOG] at the bottom of
the Image Management screen.
 The Transfer Log screen appears.
 Click [CLOSE] to close the screen and return to the Image Management screen.

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Copy Images to Another Exam

This process is used to copy images from one exam to another. Copying images is used to
consolidate the images from multiple exams for a single patient or to reconcile patients to
exams. For example, images taken for an emergency exam can be assigned to the patient’s
real name once the patient’s information is known or if images were acquired for the wrong
Worklist entry.
NOTE: You can only copy the images from one exam at a time.
1. If you are assigning an emergency exam to a patient, you may need to add the patient
to the Worklist first.
a) On the Worklist screen, click [ADD PATIENT].
b) Enter the patient’s information. Refer to Chapter 7: Worklist-Add Patient / Edit Patient
Information for more information.
c) Click [SAVE].
2. On the Image Management screen, select the exam to copy.

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3. Switch the [IMAGE TOOLS] button to COPY EXAM, if necessary.

 The Copy Exam screen appears.

 The Copy Exam screen shows all available exams for the current location and all
Worklist entries with the status of “Scheduled”.
4. Search or Filter the exam list to locate the destination exam.
5. Select the exam where you want the images copied to.
6. Click [OK].
 A message appears: “Images will be copied to the selected exam. Images will not
automatically be removed from the source exam.”
7. Click [OK].
 The message closes.
 A message appears: “Retrieving information. Please wait.”
 [CANCEL] stops the copy process, closes the message, and returns you to the Image
Management screen.
 All series and images are copied to the exam.

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Copy Exams to a CD/DVD

Exams may be copied to a CD/DVD for archiving purposes, to send to a location that is not
within the network, or to send with a patient’s medical records.
NOTE: The CDs/DVDs used for copying images must be recordable. That is, the CD should
be labeled “CD-R” (recordable) or “CD-RW” (re-writable) and DVD should be labeled
“DVD-R(recordable).”
NOTE: You cannot copy exams to a CD/DVD that already has exams saved on it. You will
receive a “Not enough space” error when you attempt to write to the CD/DVD, even
if there is enough space. Always use a new, blank CD/DVD.
1. Open the CD tray. (Select Eject from the [CD1] drop-down list.)
NOTE: Pressing the Eject button on the workstation PC does not open the CD tray. When
working on the Image Management screen, always use the Eject option from the
[CD1] drop-down list (Figure 9-5).
Figure 9-5 CD1 button drop down list

2. Insert a blank CD/DVD into the tray.

3. Close the CD tray.
4. Select the exams to copy.

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5. Click the Destination [CD1].

 The CD Write screen appears.
 [DESELECT ALL] un-checks all exams on the list.

 [STORE OPTIMALLY] automatically checks if the selected images will fit on the
CD/DVD. It will automatically un-check any items that cannot fit on the CD/DVD.
 [WRITE] begins the copying process.
 [CANCEL] closes the screen and returns you to the Image Management screen.
6. Confirm the exams to be copied. Un-check any exams that you do not want saved to
the CD/DVD.
7. Click [WRITE].
 The CD/DVD begins copying. The light on the front of the computer flashes yellow as
the data is being written.
 To see the status of the exams being copied, click [TRANSFER LOG] at the bottom of
the Image Management screen.
 The Transfer Log screen appears.
 Click [CLOSE] to close the screen and return to the Image Management screen.
Before the copy is completed, the CD tray will open first and close again. Check the
Transfer Log at this moment, if the transfer status log disappear and the log appears
in the list underneath the Transfer Log screen, the transfer is completed.

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CAUTION: Do check the Transfer Log before remove the CD/DVD, if remove the CD/DVD
before the transfer status log appears in the underneath part of the transfer
log screen, copy images to CD/DVD after this operation might fail until reset
the system.
8. Click “ Eject CD1 - Eject CD” to remove the CD.
9. Label the CD/DVD and store in a safe place.

Delete Exams, Series, or Images

Exams, series, and images may be deleted from the selected database source from the
Image Management screen.
Follow this process to delete exams, series, and images.
1. Select the Source, if necessary.
NOTE: Items cannot be deleted from a CD/DVD.
2. Unlock exams, if necessary.
 Refer to Lock Exams from Deletion for more information.
3. Select the items to delete.
 The items may be exams, series with an exam, or images within a series. Multiple
items may be selected and deleted at once.
4. Click [DELETE].
 A message appears: “Are you sure that you would like to delete the selected items?”
5. Click [OK].
 The message closes.
 The items are deleted from the Image Management screen.
 Clicking [CANCEL] closes the message and the items remain on the Image
Management screen.

Lock Exams from Deletion

The Image Management screen allows you to prevent, or “lock”, exams from being deleted.
The exam can only be deleted if the lock is removed, or “unlocked.” The lock prevents exams
from being deleted by other operators and from Auto Delete. .
Locked exams can still be copied, transferred, and viewed.

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Only exams can be locked. Individual series or images cannot be locked.

Follow this process to lock and unlock exams.
1. Select the exams to lock.
2. Click [LOCK].
 The lock icon appears in the status column of all selected exams.

 The Lock button changes to Unlock.

Unlock Exams
Follow this process to unlock exams so that they may be deleted.
1. Select the locked exams.
 The Unlock button becomes active.
2. Click [UNLOCK].
 The lock icon is removed from the status column of the selected exams.
 The exams may now be deleted.

Make Patient Anonymous

There may be times when you want the name of a patient to be kept confidential to
maintain patient privacy. You can do this using the De-Identify feature. This feature allows
you to create an anonymous set of images.
The patient examinations are copied and used to create a new patient, with the name
“Anonymised patient” and a unique, randomly created Patient ID as shown in Figure 9-7.
NOTE: Once an anonymous exam is created, there is no way to recover the patient’s
identifying information.
De-Identify is an option available from the Image Tools button (Figure 9-6).
Figure 9-6 Image Tools button

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Figure 9-7 Anonymous patient

Use this process to make exam images anonymous:

1. Select the patients to make anonymous.
2. Switch the Image Tools button to [DE-IDENTIFY], if necessary.
 A message appears: “The selected exams will be copied without patient
identification. The originals will not be deleted.”
3. Click [OK].
 The Image Management screen updates with copied, anonymous exams.

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Chapter 10

Image Viewer

The Image Viewer screen (Figure 10-1) appears on the monitor once an exposure is taken in
a live exam or when an image series is chosen from the Image Management screen for
review. This screen is where images are adjusted and viewed.
NOTE: This section covers the Viewer functions for Single Energy images.
Topics covered include:
• Overview • Corrective Actions
• Tool Selection List  Exceptions to Corrective Actions
• Select Images • Mouse Controls
• Change Viewing Format and Size • Quality Check
• Adjust Images • Print Images
• Annotate Images – Auto Print
– Customize Annotations – Manual Print
– Add Image Annotations  Print Multiple Images
– Delete Image Annotations  Print Current Image
• Re-process Images  Print Multiple Patient Images
(Option-Does not apply to Brivo
• Dose Exposure Indicator (DEI) Function
XR385)
– DEI Not Displayed
• Send Images
• Save Changes to Images

Overview
The left side of the screen contains all the image selection and adjustment tools. Most of the
tools are categorized into 4 “palettes” that can be expanded or collapsed to reveal or hide
different functions.

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The majority of the screen is devoted to image display. The images on the right side of the
screen update as adjustments are made. You are able to view single or multiple images at
once. When viewing multiple images, as shown in Figure 10-1, an aqua border identifies the
currently selected image.
Table 10-1 describes the functions for the Image Viewer screen.
Figure 10-1 Image Viewer screen

Table 10-1 Image Viewer screen functions

Function Description

Patient Identification Identifies the patient.

Patient Information Displays Patient Information screen for the current patient.
Refer to Chapter 6: Worklist-Add Patient / Edit Patient
Information for more information.
NOTE: Patient Information is only available during Image
Acquisition on an open exam.

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Function Description

Screen Switch Tab If in an active exam, allows you to switch back to the
Acquisition screen. If viewing images from a completed exam,
the Acquisition screen tab is disabled.

Small Preview Image Collapsible pane that shows small previews of all images in
the selected series and highlights the images currently
shown in the viewer.
Refer to Select Images for more information.

Mouse Controls Changes the action of the mouse when clicked and dragged
on the image.
Refer to Mouse Controlsfor more information.

[CLOSE] Closes the Image Viewer screen and prompts you to save any
changes to images.
Close also initiates auto print and auto push, if enabled.
Refer to Save Changes to Images for more information.

Tool Selection List Switches between different tool panels to change the image
display or manipulate the image. Tools are divided into four
tabs, by category.
• Image Display Tools – Including display Raw and Processed
images, Image Dispaly Tools, Refer to Adjust Images.
• Annotation – Refer to Annotate Images.
• Image Processing – Refer to Re-process Images
• Manually print - Refer to Print Images.

DEI (Dose Exposure If enabled, displays the dose received by the detector and if
Indicator) the dose is within an acceptable range for the anatomy.
You may need to re-take images that show doses above or
below the acceptable range. Refer to Dose Exposure Indicator
(DEI) Function for more information.
NOTE: Depending on your system’s configuration, the DEI
may only show a numerical value.

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Tool Selection List

Switches between different tool panels to change the image display or manipulate the
image.
Figure 10-2 Tool Selection List

Select Images
The Images-Processed panel in the Image Tools palette (Figure 10-3) allows you to select
which exam or series of images to view.
NOTE: When viewing or adjusting images from a completed exam, always work with
processed images.

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Figure 10-3 Images-Processed panel

The Images panel shows previews of all images in the selected series. The panel shows up to
8 image previews at a time. If there are more than 8 images in the series, a scrollbar appears
on the right to allow you to see the rest of the images.
The image that is currently selected in the Image Viewer is shown with an orange border in
the Images panel.
To view an image, click an image preview.

Change Viewing Format and Size

The Format/Zoom panel in the Image Tools palette controls how many images appear in the
Image Viewer screen at one time and adjust the magnification of each image.
The Display Format panel (Figure 10-4) allows you to view up to 9 images at one time.

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Figure 10-4 Format/Zoom panel – Display Format pane

The Zoom panel (Figure 10-5) changes the size of the selected image as shown in the Viewer.
Table 10-2 describes the Zoom options.
Figure 10-5 Format/Zoom panel – Zoom panel

Table 10-2 Format/Zoom panel – Zoom pane descriptions

Tool Description

1:1 Shows default the image size where one pixel on the
Display detector equals one pixel on the screen.

Zoom Reduces the image to 50% (four pixels on the detector

Half equals one pixel on screen).

Fit To Scales the image to fit within the Image Viewer screen.
Screen

True Shows the image in the exact size it was acquired from the
Size detector (one centimeter on the detector equals one
centimeter on screen).

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Adjust Images
The Image Display Tools panel in the Image Tools palette (Figure 10-6) contains the tools to
flip, rotate, adjust brightness, adjust contrast, invert, and apply windowing to images. Table
10-3 describes each tool and how it functions.
Figure 10-6 Image Display Tools panel

Table 10-3 Image Tools panel – Windowing and Geometric Operations tools description

Tool Description

Vertical Flip Flips the selected image 180 degrees on the

horizontal axis; that is, switches top for bottom.

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Tool Description

Horizontal Flip Flips the selected image 180 degrees on the vertical
axis; that is, switches left for right.

Rotate Left Rotates the selected image counter-clockwise in 90

degree increments.

Rotate Right Rotates the selected image clockwise in 90 degree

increments.

Free Rotation Rotates the selected image both clockwise and

counter-clockwise.
• Click the end buttons to rotate the image in 0.1
degree increments.
• Click and drag the slider to spin the image.
• Move the slider right to rotate the image clockwise.
• Move the slider left to rotate the image
counter-clockwise.

Contrast Adjusts the differences between dark and light on

the selected image.
• Move the slider right for more contrast (towards
pure black and white).
• Move the slider left for less contrast (towards
uniform gray).

Brightness Lightens or darkens the selected image.

• Move the slider right for a lighter image.
• Move the slider left for a darker image.

Invert Reverses light and dark areas of the selected image.

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Tool Description

Windowing Applies windowing to the selected image.

Available options are:
• Normal – image as acquired
• Hard – adjusts the image towards black and white
• Soft – adjusts the image towards gray

Restore Image Removes all adjustments and returns the selected

image to its original state.

Annotate Images
The Annotation panel (Figure 10-7) contains the tools to annotate images. Table 10-4
describes the tools and their functions.
Image annotations are divided into two categories:
• System annotation – Information that is kept by the system, such as identifying
information, exposure and acquisition information, and processing information. These
annotations are displayed as text at the corners of the image. You may select which
annotations appear, but you cannot control where the annotations are placed.
• Image annotation – Lines, ellipses, Cobb angle, user annotation (notes), and RL markers
added by the operator to measure or bring attention to a section of the image. You draw
or place these annotations on the image as appropriate.

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Figure 10-7 Image Tools palette – Annotation panel

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Table 10-4 Image Tools palette – Annotations panel tool descriptions

Tool Description

Full Places all available system annotation on the image.

• Patient information – (top left corner) exam date and
patient identification
• Study information – (top left corner) exam identification
• Series information – (top left corner) series identification
• Image information – (top left corner) image
identification
• Acquisition information – (top right corner) dose and
DAP
• Hospital information – (top right corner) the name of the
facility where the image was acquired
• X-ray parameters – (top right corner) the mA, kVp, ms,
and mAs of the exposure
• Anatomy information – (bottom left corner) the protocol
used to acquire the image
• Processing information – (bottom left corner) the look
used to process the image
• User measurements – (bottom right corner) size and
angle measurements for line, ellipse, and Cobb
annotations
• Display parameters – (bottom right corner) the size of
the image and the zoom

Partial Displays ONLY the facility name, dose information and

technical factors.

None Removes all system annotations from the image. System

annotations can be re-applied by clicking [FULL],
[PARTIAL], or [CUSTOM].

Custom Brings up a screen (Figure 10-8) that allows you to choose

which system annotations appear.
Refer to Customize Annotations for more information.

Line Places a line on the image that you may re-size, move, or
angle. Line specifications are shown in the User
Measurements annotation at the bottom right corner of
the viewer.
Refer to Add Image Annotations for more information.

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Tool Description

Ellipse Places an ellipse (circle or oval) on the image that you

may re-size, move, or re-shape. Ellipse specifications are
shown in the User Measurements annotation at the
bottom right corner of the viewer.
Refer to Add Image Annotations for more information.

Cobb Places a Cobb angle (two lines) on the image that you
may re-size, move, or angle. Cobb angle specifications are
shown in the User Measurements annotation at the
bottom right corner of the viewer.
Refer to Add Image Annotations for more information.

User Places a text box on the image that you may add notes
Annotation into.
Refer to Add Image Annotations for more information.

Hide and Temporarily removes image annotations from the image.

Show Click [SHOW] to see the annotations.

Erase Deletes the selected image annotation.

NOTE: Deleted annotations cannot be recovered.

Erase All Deletes all image annotations.

NOTE: Deleted annotations cannot be recovered.

RL Places a Right or Left marker on the image for reference.

NOTE: RL markers are only available when the image is
open in a live exam.
Refer to Add Image Annotations for more information.

Manual Applies shutters manually to crop the image.

Shutter
NOTE: This function is available either when the image is
open in a live exam or when the image is being
reprocessed at Image Management Screen.
Refer to Add Image Annotations for more information.

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Customize Annotations
Follow this process to customize the system annotations that appear on the image.
1. Open the Image Tools palette and click the Annotations tab, if necessary.
2. Click [CUSTOM].
 The Annotation screen (Figure 10-8) appears.
3. Select (check) the annotations you want to appear.
4. Adjust the Font Size, if necessary.
 The available font sizes are:
-3 Smallest
-2
-1
N Normal
+1
+2
+3 Largest

5. Click [OK].
 [CANCEL] closes the screen and leaves the selections unchanged.

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Figure 10-8 Custom Annotation selections

Add Image Annotations

NOTE: All image annotations appear in the same place (center of image) and are the same
shape, size, and/or angle. It is possible to have multiple annotations of the same kind
stacked on top of each other.
Follow this process to add user annotations.
1. Select the image to annotate, if necessary.
2. Click the button of the annotation to insert.
3. Move, re-size, or change the angle of the annotation as described in Table 10-5.

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Table 10-5 Image annotation instructions

Tool Instructions

Line Select the line.

• To move: Click and drag the middle of the line.
• To change the angle: Click and drag one of the square
handles at the ends of the line.
• To resize: Click and drag one of the square handles at the
ends of the line.

Ellipse Select the ellipse.

• To move: Click and drag the ellipse by its edge (not on a
square handle or + handle).
• To change shape or re-size: Click and drag a square handle.
• To rotate: Click and drag a + handle.

Cobb Select the Cobb.

User Annotation Select User Annotation from the Image Tools palette.
Click in the “CUSTOM” text area.
Type your comment.
Click [OK].
• To move: Click and drag by the red square on the top left
corner of the text box.
• To edit: Double-click on the text. Make changes. Click OK.

RL Marker Select the RL marker.

• To move: Select the Marker and drag to the desired area.
• To switch between R and L: Click the [RL] button.
NOTE: Only one RL marker is inserted per image.

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Tool Instructions

Manual Shutter Select the Manual Shutter.

Click and drag the red corner handles to the desired shape
and size.
Click [MANUAL SHUTTER] to apply.
Click [MANUAL SHUTTER] again to remove.

Figure 10-9 Example of image annotations

Yellow =
selected
annotation
Aqua =
unselected
annotation

Delete Image Annotations

Follow this process to remove image annotations.
NOTE: It is not possible to recover deleted annotations.

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1. Select the annotation.

2. Click [ERASE] or [ERASE ALL].
 If [ERASE ALL] was clicked, a message appears: “Would you like to remove all
annotations from the selected image?”
3. Click [YES].
 All annotations are removed.

Re-process Images
Image re-processing allows to extract more information from an already acquired image by
changing the processing settings instead of taking additional exposures.
Re-processing can be performed on any image that has a corresponding raw data set.
Images can be reprocessed both in live exams and in review mode.
When in an active exam, re-processing will create a new “PROCESSED” series. When in
review mode, re-processing will create a new image (or multiple images if Dual Energy) in
the series.
NOTE: When closing an exam or closing patient in review mode, the you must select to save
changes to images or the re-processed images will not remain in the series. Refer to
Save Changes to Images for more information.
The initial image processing is determined by the default that is configured for the protocol.
Refer to Chapter 15: Set Preferences for more information.
Table 10-6 describes the settings used to re-process an image.

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Figure 10-10 Image Tools palette – Image Re-Processing panel

Table 10-6 Image Tools palette – Image Processing panel descriptions

Function Description

Current Shows the current image processing settings.

Anatomy Changes the anatomical region.

View Changes the view.

Image Type Changes the image type.

Available options are:
• Standard

Patient size Changes the patient size.

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Function Description

Look Changes the processing look.

Looks are the way an image is processed to be viewed by a
radiologist for interpretation.
Looks are pre-defined combinations of brightness, contrast,
edge enhancement, and tissue equalization.
Factory Look descriptions:
• Factory Look 1 – accommodates Chinese doctors’
preference
• Factory Look 2 – low CR look, low edge, moderate tissue
contrast
• Factory Look 3 – moderate CR look, low edge, TE
• Factory Look 4 – highly digital look, high edge, high TE
• Custom looks – The system allows the user to build up to 5
custom looks in any combination of parameters. Refer to
Chapter 15: Set Preferences for more information on building
custom looks.

[REPROCESS] Applies the changes and re-processes the image.

NOTE: When in an active exam, re-processing will create a new
“PROCESSED” series.
When in review mode, re-processing will create a new image in
the series.

[EDIT PROC] Brings up a screen that allows you to view the Factory look
settings or create custom looks.
Refer to Chapter 15: Set Preferences for more information on
building custom looks.

Dose Exposure Indicator (DEI) Function

The Dose Exposure Indicator (DEI) provides a visual indicator to the user for the amount of
exposure received by the detector for a given image. It is designed as a tool for the user to
be able to alter acquisition parameters in the event of a retake. DEI measures the dose that
has reached the detector and compares it to the expected dose for the anatomy to indicate
if the image is under- or over-exposed.
With film cassettes, exposure is directly related to the resulting image; films that are
under-exposed or over-exposed will be either too light or too dark. With the GE Portable DR
Detector, dynamic range detection algorithms compensate for exposure errors to create

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images with acceptable brightness and contrast. Because there is no visible relationship
between the actual exposure and the image quality, DEI identifies and tracks under- and
over-exposure.
The DEI acceptable range varies by anatomy. For example, a chest PA exposure may result
in a DEI of 0.6 while a hand exposure may result in a DEI value of 1.0. The upper and lower
DEI limits can be adjusted for each anatomical view through the Preferences screen.
Figure 10-11 DEI visual range display
1. Acceptable DEI range (upper and lower limit)
2. Current DEI for the selected image

Figure 10-12 Example of a numerical DEI display

Figure 10-13 Examples of visual range DEI displays

Low DEI = Image under-exposed

Acceptable DEI = Image correctly exposed

High DEI = Image over-exposed

For each acquired image, the Detector Exposure Indicator provides 3 estimated values:
• Uncompensated Detector Exposure (UDExp): Estimated exposure (µGy) to the detector
behind the patient anatomy with an assumed a technique of 80 kV with no anti-scatter
grid. This information is stored in the DICOM header.
• Compensated Detector Exposure (CDExp): Estimated exposure (µGy) to the detector
behind the patient anatomy with the actual kV and use of anti-scatter grid. This
information is stored in the DICOM header.
• Detector Exposure Index (DEI): A relative measure of exposure to the detector, as
compared to the expected exposure for a particular anatomical view. It is a visual
indicator on the viewer display.

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DEI compensates for the speed setting of the system. For example, if an exposure is taken of
an object at a speed setting of 400 and the resultant DEI was 1.72, then an exposure taken
of the same object (assuming identical technique and positioning) after setting the speed to
200 will also give a DEI of 1.72.
NOTE: A higher DEI indicates a higher exposure to the detector. It should not be confused
with system “speed” which decreases as the exposure increases.
Default DEI lower and upper limits are provided as preliminary guidelines. These guidelines
should not be taken as strict requirements of retakes/re-exposures. DEI read-outs are
reference guides to help the technologist determine that if a re-acquisition of an image is
necessary, the indicator can help the user determine appropriate technique adjustments to
provide adequate exposure to the detector.
The specific limits and retake rules should be ultimately determined by the appropriate staff
at your facility.

DEI Not Displayed

The DEI will not be displayed in the following situations:
• A complete exam is opened in “Image Management“ screen.
• Re-processed images.
• Dual Energy images (if DE is enabled).

Corrective Actions
Do the following if both the DEI indicator is out of the acceptable range and the image
quality is poor:
• Low DEI - increase the mAs and kV values.
• High DEI - decrease the mAs and kV values.
If DEI is within the acceptable range but the image quality is still poor, the image may need
adjustment through looks customization. Refer to Re-process Images to correct individual
images or Chapter 15: Set Preferences to change the default processing for exams and
views.
NOTE: Call for service if the system continues to show low or high DEI. Recurring DEI errors
may indicate that the system needs calibration or repair.

Exceptions to Corrective Actions

The following conditions may achieve a properly exposed image but still result in a low DEI.
These should be treated as special cases and the standard retake and corrective action
rules may not apply.
• The presence of external patient shielding (i.e., lead apron) in the field of view can result in
an unexpectedly low DEI (and UDExp/CDExp). The presence of shielding can be easily
confirmed by viewing the image.

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• The incorrect determination of the FOV by the system can result in an unexpectedly low
DEI (and UDExp/CDExp). The presence of significant collimation regions in the final image
can be easily confirmed by viewing the image. Correct the FOV using the Manual Shutter
and re-process the image to get a better DEI estimate.
NOTE: User must select the appropriate FOV for the anatomy imaged, and use proper
collimation at all times.

Mouse Controls
The mouse control buttons (Figure 10-14) changes the action of the mouse when it is clicked
and dragged on an image.
Figure 10-14 Mouse control buttons

The mouse controls allow you to perform other functions that are not available in any other
tool palette.
Follow this process to change the mouse controls. Table 10-7 describes the action of each
control.
1. Select the image to act upon, if necessary.
2. Click the mouse control to use.
3. Click and drag the mouse on the selected image.
Table 10-7 Mouse Control description

Tool Description

Select Image When viewing multiple images, selects the image to act upon.
This is the default mouse behavior.

Pan Image Moves the image within the viewing area.

Image Magnifying Shows a small part of the image at 3 times magnification.

Glass

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Tool Description

Change Image Changes the brightness and contrast by dragging the mouse
Brightness / pointer instead of using the Image Tools controls.
Contrast • Contrast: Click and drag the mouse vertically. Up is more
contrast, down is less contrast.
• Brightness: Click and drag the mouse horizontally. Right is
brighter, left is darker.

Quality Check
If Auto Tag is enabled (refer to Chapter 15: Set Preferences for more information), quality
check indicates that an image is of acceptable quality and allows the image to be
auto-printed and auto-pushed (if enabled).
The quality check indicator is a “T” that appears in a white box at the bottom right corner of
the image (Figure 10-15). The quality check indicator is on by default. Removing the
indicator means that the image is not acceptable and will not be auto printed or auto sent
and will remain on the local database only.
NOTE: The quality check indicator is only available in live exams.
To remove the quality check indicator, double-click the white box so that the “T” disappears.
To restore the quality check indicator, double-click the white box so that the “T” reappears.
Figure 10-15 Quality check indicator

Print Images
Images can be printed from the system in 2 ways: Manual Print and Auto Print.

Auto Print
The system can be configured to perform an automatic print upon closure of the exam.
Preferences are accessed from the Utilities screen. Refer to Chapter 15: Set Preferences for
information on configuring Auto Print.

Manual Print
Film Manager and Manual Print allow you to print images on demand.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 10-23

• Film Manager allows configuration and printing of multiple images in a series.

• Manual Print allows configuration and printing of the currently selected image.
The manual print buttons are near the bottom of the tools area, under the mouse controls
buttons, as shown in Figure 10-16.
Figure 10-16 Manual print buttons – Film Manager and Manual Print

Print Multiple Images

Follow this process to print multiple images.
1. Click [FILM MANGER].
 The Film Composer screen (Figure 10-17) appears.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 10-24

Figure 10-17 Film Composer screen

2. Select the number of images you want to appear on a sheet.

 If there are more images in the series than will fit on the sheet, use the Sheet [] and
[] buttons to configure the printing options for each sheet.
3. Use the mouse to click and drag the image thumbnails from the Images palette (Figure
10-18) to the Film Composer screen.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 10-25

Figure 10-18 Images pane

4. Use the buttons to confirm and adjust the print settings.

 Click [PREVIEW] to see how the images are positioned on the sheet.
 Click [CLEAR SHEET] to remove images from the currently displayed sheet.
 Click [CLEAR ALL] to remove images from all sheets.
 Click [PRINT SHEET] to print the currently displayed sheet.
 Click [PRINT ALL] to print all sheets.
5. Click [PRINTER SETTINGS] to confirm or adjust the printer configuration. (Refer to Figure
10-20 and Table 10-8 for more information.)
6. Click [CLOSE] when finished.

Print Current Image

Follow this process to print a single image.
1. Select the image from the Images tool palette, if necessary.
2. Click [MANUAL PRINT].
 The Print Images screen appears.
3. Adjust the settings as indicated in Table 10-8.
4. Click [PREVIEW] to confirm that the image placement is correct.
 If the image placement is incorrect (as shown in Figure 10-19), click [CANCEL] to
return to the Print Images screen and adjust the settings.
 If the image placement is acceptable, click [PRINT] to print the image.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 10-26

Figure 10-19 Example of Print Preview with incorrect settings

5. Click [PRINT] to print the image.

 [CANCEL] closes the Print Images screen without printing and returns you to the
Image Viewer screen.
Figure 10-20 Print Images screen

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 10-27

Table 10-8 Print Images field description

Field Description

Printer Lists all available printers configured for your system.

Orientation Selects vertical or horizontal orientation of the image on film

or paper.
Available options are:
• Landscape
• Portrait

Print Mode Selects what size to print the image.

Available options are:
• True Size
• Fit to Film
• Reduced Size

Magnification Only available if Reduced Size is selected for the Print Mode.

Format Selects the print format.

Available options are:
• Standard
• 35 mm
• 40 mm

Media Size Shows the available sizes that are configured for the selected
printer.

# of Copies Defines how many copies to print.

Media Type Selects the type of media to print on.

Available options are:
• Paper
• Clear film
• Blue film

Destination Shows configured printers on the system.

Magnification Type Selects the magnification type.

Available options are:
• Cubic
• None

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 10-28

Field Description

Annotation Selects the amount of annotation to print on the image.

Available options are:
• Full
• Partial
• Custom
• None
Refer to Annotate Images for more information.

[EDIT] If Custom Annotation was selected, brings up a screen that

allows you to choose the annotation to print on the image.
Refer to Annotate Images for more information.

[PREVIEW] Shows how the image will appear on the film or paper with the
current settings.

[PRINT] Prints the image.

[CANCEL] Cancels printing.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 10-29

Print Multiple Patient Images (Option-Does not apply to Brivo XR385)

Follow this process to print Multiple Patient Images.
1. Click “Select Multiple” button in the Image Management screen.

2. Select exams you want to print. the “Viewer” button change to “Print”.

3. Click “Print” button, and then Confirmation box pops up.

 Click “OK” to continue.

 Click “Cancel” to cancel the print job and returns to last screen.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 10-30

4. The Image Viewer screen display after clicking “OK” button. Patient list display.

5. Print images. the process is the same as Print Multiple Images.

NOTE: If Multiple Patient Print (MPP) function is used to print multiple patient images in one
film, please separate the images and make sure each patient gets the correct film.

Send Images
If Auto Send is enabled, acquired images are automatically sent to a pre-determined
location on exam close. Refer to Chapter 15: Set Preferences for information on configuring
Auto Send.

Save Changes to Images

You have the option to save or discard the changes you have made to images when you
close the Image Viewer screen or end the exam.

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1. If in a live exam, click [CLOSE] on the Acquisition screen.

2. If in review mode, click [CLOSE] on the Image Viewer screen.
 A message appears: “Would you like to save the changes made to the images?”
3. Click [YES].
 [CANCEL] closes the screen and returns you to the Image Viewer screen.
 [NO] closes the Image Viewer screen without saving changes.
NOTE: New images will not be generated when adding annotations.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 10-32

Chapter 11
Exposure Control

Topics covered include:

• Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)
– Console Screens
– Ion Chamber Detectors
– Applications for Detector Sensing Areas
– AEC Limitation Messages
– Acquire AEC Images
• Manual Exposure Mode
– Method

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 11-1

Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)

The Automatic Exposure Control automatically terminates an X-ray exposure to produce
optimum quality images. AEC automatically compensates for changes in patient thickness,
opacity, and different technique factors of mA, kVp, and SID. Proper patient positioning is
very important. In extreme cases of misalignment, some radiation bypasses the patient and
ends the exposure prematurely, causing underexposed images. Conversely, positioning the
heaviest patient area over the detector sensing area may cause overexposed image areas.
You should become familiar with the size and location of each detector. With such
knowledge, you can develop proper positioning techniques of each anatomical area and be
able to duplicate your positioning for every patient. This also helps you produce uniform
quality images regardless of patient thickness or opacity. This system feature, AEC,
automatically selects the mAs and exposure time, eliminating the need for you to select
them.
Many default techniques are AEC based in order to optimize image processing. The
exposure time and mAs are automatically selected when you are in AEC mode, producing
uniform quality images.

Console Screens
Figure 11-1 shows an example of an AEC exposure setup. For AEC mode, exposure time and
mAs are not selectable; therefore, these parameters are empty on the Acquisition screen.
This example provides an example an AEC exposure with Chest PA selected.
Figure 11-1 Example AEC setup of a normal chest exposure

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 11-2

After the exposure has been completed in the AEC mode, the console automatically displays
the exposure time and mAs values (Figure 11-2).
Figure 11-2 Example AEC exposure completed (normal operation)

The Applications software sets two maximum limits for AEC operation: 512 is the maximum
mAs. 2 seconds (2000 milliseconds) is the maximum exposure time. Another application limit
is the backup mAs according to different exposure protocols appointed by the system.
NOTE: When one of the above three limits is reached, the Applications software terminates
the exposure. For example, Equation 11-1 demonstrates that with a console selection
of 250 mA, the system reaches the 2000 millisecond maximum exposure limit before
it would reach the 512 mAs limit.
Equation 11-1 AEC exposure limit calculation

(the 250 mA console selection) X (2000 milliseconds) = 500 mAs

NOTE: The system gives different backup mAs according to different protocols, which
guarantees the patients can get minimum extra exposure doses in AEC mode. Please
note to select correct exposure protocols.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 11-3

Ion Chamber Detectors

Ion Chamber Detectors have three sensing areas (Figure 11-3). Sensing Area 2 is located at
the center of the X-ray beam. While Area 1 and Area 3 can be selected to cover an exposure
of two symmetrical parts of the body, such as the lungs or the kidneys, care should be taken
to center the patient and detector areas accordingly.
Figure 11-3 Sensing areas

The position of the sensing areas are shown in relation to the area of a 210 mm x 248 mm
(8.25in x 9.75in) Collimator Light Field.

Applications for Detector Sensing Areas

The detector sensing areas should be used as described in the following sections. You
should become familiar with their locations and recommended use. The sensing areas are
numbered 1 through 3.

Areas 1 and 3
Areas 1 and 3 are used to cover symmetrical body parts. For example, acquiring a chest
radiograph includes the lungs, which are proportional parts of the body. In this application,
Area 1 and 3 must be located in line with radiation transmitted through the left and right
lung fields. This ensures these areas are not influenced by variations in tissue opacity
caused by the heart or vertebrae.
If the patient is improperly positioned and the sensing areas are exposed to direct radiation,
the photo timed exposures will be too short and the films underexposed. The opposite is
true if the patient’s thoracic spine or sternum are positioned over the sensing areas.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 11-4

NOTE: Areas 1 and/or 3 are to be used with full-sized fields of 10x12 inches (254x305mm)
or larger.

Area 2
The center of the X-ray beam is Area 2. The basic positioning requirements are also
important when using this area. Misalignment may result in unusable images. Care should
be taken when positioning the anatomical area of interest over Area 2.
When using Area 2, you may want to align the X-ray tube to the center line of Area 2 before
positioning the patient. It is also recommended you collimate the light field to an area of
8¼x9¾ inches (210x 248 mm). Your light field will then be centered on Area 2 and
encompasses the inner sides of Area 1 and 3. Then, when you are positioning your patient
and using only Area 2, a light field 2½x4½ inches (54x114 mm), if properly centered, defines
that area and can be used to align a specific region of the body.
Positioning of the patient’s anatomical area of interest within the light field and readjusting
the light field to the desired size, ensures the detector sensing area is aligned with the area
of interest in the patient.
NOTE: Area 2 must be selected by itself whenever the X-ray field is less than 10x12 inches
(254x305 mm) and in instances where the collimator field size is reduced to less than
10x10 inches (254x254 mm).

Applications
Applications for the detector sensing areas are given in Table 11-1 with the areas appearing
as three adjacent square buttons. The dark-colored buttons indicate the currently selected
area or areas.
When in AEC mode, at least one ion chamber must be selected. Any combination of
chambers is allowed.
Figure 11-4 AEC Areas

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 11-5

Table 11-1 Detector sensing areas

Area(s) Selected Application Patient Positioning

Area 2 Controls the exposure for an area The patient’s area of

of interest at the center of the interest is in the X-ray
X-ray field. field center.

Area 1 Controls the exposure for an area The patient’s area of

of interest at the upper left interest is in the upper
quadrant of the full size left quadrant of the
radiograph. X-ray field.

Area 3 Controls the exposure for an area The patient’s area of

of interest at the upper right interest is in the upper
quadrant of the full size right quadrant of the
radiograph. X-ray field.

Areas 1 and 3 Controls the exposure for two The patient’s area of
symmetrical parts of the body, interest is aligned with
such as lungs or kidneys. Because sensing Areas 1 and 3.
Area 2 is not selected when using
areas 1 and 3 for this application,
the vertical column should not
affect the exposure, providing the
patient is correctly positioned.

All Areas Controls the exposure to allow the The patient’s area of
average density of the entire interest is within the
radiograph to approximate the boundary of the X-ray
value of the pre-selected density. field.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 11-6

AEC Limitation Messages

The AEC feature optimizes patient images and helps you to obtain precise exposures. Many
default techniques are AEC based in order to optimize image processing. The exposure time
and mAs are automatically selected when you are in AEC mode, producing uniform quality
images. The system displays messages to inform you when the AEC feature reaches its
limit.
When acquiring AEC images, the AEC Back-up time is displayed below the mSec area. After
the exposure is taken, the current mSec is displayed (Figure 11-5).
Figure 11-5 [mSec and AEC back-up time on Acquisition screen

When an AEC exposure reaches the back-up time limit, a message appears on screen: “The
AEC back-up time has been reached.” (Figure 11-6). Click [OK] to close the message. The
system will not allow you to continue taking exposures for the current protocol. To resume
image acquisition, select another protocol and continue the exam.
Figure 11-6 AEC back-up time message

The backup time is calculated from the following three conditions:

• A 2000 millisecond limit

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 11-7

• A 500 mAs limit or 512 mAs limit (based on the nearest Renard step)
• An X-ray tube protection ‘formula’ limit
In this instance, the maximum exposure time reached may cause the digital image to be
lighter than desired. You may wish to change the mA selected to avoid reaching one of
these limitations in a subsequent exposure.
In addition to the limits provided by the Applications software, the system also has a
maximum mAs limit for AEC operation.
• The maximum mAs limit ensures that if an AEC exposure exceeds 512 mAs, the
maximum mAs limit terminates the exposure at values less than 600 mAs.
• Whenever the maximum mAs integrator limit is reached during an AEC exposure, a
message appears (Figure 11-6).
NOTE: If this message appears, please confirm the appropriate patient size and SID are
selected.
NOTE: The regular occurrence of this message may be evidence of a malfunction in your
system. Call your service engineer to assess the situation.

Acquire AEC Images

Acquiring images in the AEC mode requires precise light alignment and patient positioning.
Refer to Chapter 8: Image Acquisition for more information about conducting an exam.

WARNING: The ion chambers and asymmetric collimation field must match for proper
exposure. Collimation must be active over the AEC chambers being used or
FIXED mode must be used in order to prevent possible patient over-exposure.
Use this process to produce images with the AEC feature.
1. Open an exam from the Worklist and select the protocols.
 The Acquisition screen appears.
2. Select the protocol to perform.
3. Change the Patient Size, if necessary.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 11-8

5. Click [AEC], if necessary.

 Depending on the current protocol, AEC will already be selected by default.
 The AEC mode displays the Ion Chamber selections.
 The Fixed mode removes the Ion Chamber selections.
 You are able to alter this selection at any time to accommodate the requirements of
a specific examination.
6. Change the selected Ion Chambers, if necessary.
 Selected (active) AEC cells will appear highlighted on the acquisition screen.
7. Make other technique adjustments as necessary.
 You are able to adjust the kV, mA, Focal Spot.
8. Position the patient so that the anatomy of interest is centered over the selected AEC
cells.
NOTE: The body part must cover the selected ion chambers in order to achieve the
appropriate exposure.
9. Collimate the light field to encompass the detection area being used.
10. Align the detector and light field.
11. Collimate to the desired area. This ensures the detector sensing area is aligned with the
patient’s anatomy.
12. Confirm the Patient Position. Change if necessary.
13. Make the exposure.
14. If the AEC Back-up Reached message appears: Click [OK].
 The message closes.
15. Select another protocol and continue the exam.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 11-9

Manual Exposure Mode

Except for AEC, system set up a manual exposure mode to each exposure view. In manual
exposure mode, “kV, mA, mAs“ can be manually adjusted to select the satisfied exposure
parameters.

Method
Press “Fix“ on the right-top of the exposure screen to select Manual Exposure mode.
Adjust “kV, mA, mAs“ parameters as required, and then take exposures.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 11-10

Chapter 12
Digital Detector Application

This section is intended to outline the digital detector’s specification and shift application.
Topics covered include:
• Applications
– Digital Wall Stand Mode
– Integrated Table Mode
– Integrated Table Top (Stretcher Table Top) Mode

Applications
The digital detector of this system can be shift between the Digital Wall Stand and
Integrated Table (Radiographic Stretcher Table / Patient Stretcher).
Operation process:
Input patent’s information -> Select Protocols -> Select the digital detector location (Digital
Wall Stand or Integrated Table) -> Move digital detector to the appropriate location ->
Patient positioning -> Take exposures.

WARNING: Be careful of not being stumbled by the detector cable to result in people
injuries or detector damages.
Applications as below:

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 12-1

Digital Wall Stand Mode

From Integrated Table Detector Tray to Digital Wall Stand
Pull out the table detector tray -> Take out digital detector -> Pull out the wall stand detector
tray -> Insert the digital detector into the wall stand.

From Integrated Table Top (or Stretcher Table Top) to Digital Wall Stand
Pull out the wall stand detector tray -> Insert the digital detector into the wall stand.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 12-2

Integrated Table Mode

From Digital Wall Stand to Integrated Table Detector Tray
Pull out the wall stand detector tray -> Take out digital detector -> Pull out the table detector
tray -> Insert the digital detector into the integrated table.

From Integrated Table Top (or Stretcher Table Top) to Integrated Table Detector Tray
Pull out the table detector tray -> Insert the digital detector into the integrated table.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 12-3

Integrated Table Top (Stretcher Table Top) Mode

From Digital Wall Stand to Integrated Table Top (or Stretcher Table Top)
Pull out the wall stand detector tray -> Take out digital detector -> Put the digital detector to
the appropriate location on the table top.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 12-4

From Digital Wall Stand to Integrated Table Top (or Stretchers)

Pull out the table detector tray -> Take out digital detector -> Put the digital detector to the
appropriate location on the table top.

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5265602-1EN Rev. 17 12-6

Chapter 13

Quality Assurance Process

This chapter explains the Quality Assurance and Maintenance process for the GE Portable
DR Detector. To assure continued performance of the GE Portable DR Detector, a periodic
inspection program must be established.
The Quality Assurance Process (QAP) consists of a series of tests that should be performed
weekly on your system to quantify image quality. Many of the background tasks in this
procedure have been automated and require the acquisitions to be performed in the
prescribed order.
Topics covered include:
• When to Perform QAP
– Normal QAP
• QAP Preparation
• Perform Normal QAP
– Failed Normal QAP
• Result History
A full QAP test that requires taking exposures of a flat field phantom. The results (pass or fail)
are recorded in a results history summary for service personnel review. The Normal QAP test
can be performed in approximately 15 minutes.
The Normal QAP test includes all the tests that are performed for Detector Check and tests
additional factors. A comparison of testing factors is listed in Table 13-1.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 13-1

Table 13-1 QAP testing factors

Normal QAP

• Electronic Noise • Border Check

• Correlated Noise • Homogeneity Histogram
• ARC Digital Tests • Brightness Non-Uniformity
• ARC Analog Tests • Bad Pixels
• Vertical Bar Calibration

When to Perform QAP

This section describes the recommended QAP schedule and any other events that warrant
QAP to be performed

Normal QAP
Normal QAP should be performed:
• On a scheduled, weekly basis.
• When the alert icon appears on the QAP button (Figure 13-1).
• When there is a loss of image quality.
NOTE: When scheduling Normal QAP tests, plan 15-20 minutes to perform the test. One
portion of the test requires that the system be in an idle state (i.e., without exposures)
for at least 10 minutes. The rest of the test requires approximately 5 minutes to
complete.
Figure 13-1 QAP button with alert icon

QAP Preparation
Before starting QAP, be sure to do the following:
• Close or suspend any open exams
• Close any exam being reviewed
• Clear all objects from detector and beam path (Normal QAP only)
The QAP process begins when the QAP button is clicked. The button is located at the bottom
of the Worklist or Acquisition screen.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 13-2

NOTE: QAP cannot be performed if an exam is open or being reviewed.

Perform Normal QAP

Normal-QAP involves tests requiring exposures with the flat field phantom. The GE Portable
DR Detector QAP kit includes a flat-field phantom (Figure 13-2) sized to fit the collimator.
There are recommended exposure techniques for the phantom. The exposure is
automatically set by the system, but you should verify the settings prior to making an
exposure.
Figure 13-2 Flat-field phantom

CAUTION: After QAP completes with Al phantom, please remove it before system reset
or shutdown.
Follow this process to perform a Normal QAP test.
1. Press the [QAP] button at the bottom of the Worklist or Acquisition screen.
 The Image Quality screen appears.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 13-3

Figure 13-3 Image Quality screen

2. Select Image Quality from the left side of the screen (Figure 13-4).
Figure 13-4 QAP selection from left side of screen

3. Select Quality Control Tests from the left side of the screen.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 13-4

Figure 13-5 .Quality control tests screen

4. Press [QAP] to start QAP test, and then Vertical Bar Calibration screen appears.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 13-5

Figure 13-6 Vertical bar calibration screen

5. Press the [START] button to begin the Vertical Bar Calibration test.
NOTE: Normal QAP requires that the system be in an idle state (without exposures) for at
least 10 minutes before the Vertical Bar Calibration portion of the test can begin. The
system will display a timer icon on the Q-QAP and Vertical Bar Calibration screens.
The timer counts down the time from 10 minutes until it reaches 0. During this time,
the [INHIBIT] button is displayed and the [START] button is disabled.
6. Wait for the test to complete. The Detector Check Tests screen appears.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 13-6

Figure 13-7 Detector check tests

7. Press [START] to begin the Detector Check Tests.

8. Wait for the test to complete. The Detector QC Tests screen appears.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 13-7

Figure 13-8 Detector QC Tests

9. Follow the instructions on screen to complete this portion of the test.

10. The Detector QC Tests complete screen appears

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 13-8

Figure 13-9 Detector QC tests complete screen.

11. Press [start] to begin the Flatfield tests.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 13-9

Figure 13-10 The Flat-field tests screen appears.

12. Follow the instructions on screen to complete this portion of the test: Do not change the
position of the detector and positioner, make an exposure.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 13-10

Figure 13-11 Flat-field acquired image

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 13-11

Figure 13-12 The second Flat-field Tests screen appears.

13. Follow the instructions on screen to complete this portion of the test.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 13-12

Figure 13-13 Flat-field acquired image

14. Click anywhere of the flat-field acquired image to go back to the QAP screen.
15. The Normal-QAP result screen appears automatically after tests have been completed.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 13-13

Figure 13-14 QAP Results screen

16. Review the Status (far right column) of each test.

 If all tests PASS: QAP is complete. Click [EXIT] to return to the Worklist screen and
continue work.

 If some tests FAIL: Refer to Failed Normal QAP for more information.

Failed Normal QAP

In the event of failed QAP tests, repeat the Normal QAP procedure to confirm the failure. This
section identifies common problems to check.
• If the Border check and/or Homogeneity Histogram test fails, check the alignment of the
detector to the tube and repeat the test. (Incorrect alignment may cause failure of
brightness non-uniformity and bad pixels.)
• Check the collimator blade position and make sure they are fully open; i.e., the
collimator blades are not in the field of view.
If a single failure is confirmed, call to schedule service. The system is operational, although
inspection and potential calibration are needed.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 13-14

If multiple failures are confirmed, image quality may be effected; cease use of the unit and
call for immediate service.
Figure 13-15 Failed QAP results

Result History
After Normal QAP is complete, the system generates a test summary page. The result
summary table contains descriptive names, measured values, test specifications (LSL
and/or USL) and pass/fail status.
A minimum of 25 Normal QAP test results are maintained.
Follow this process to view the results of previous Normal QAP tests.
1. From the left pane, press [RESULT HISTORY].
 The Result History screen appears.
2. Press a test entry in the list to select it.
3. Press [SELECT].
 The test details appear.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 13-15

Figure 13-16 QAP Result History screen

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 13-16

Chapter 14

Maintenance

It is the owners responsibility to provide regular periodic maintenance and service. Only this
type of maintenance program can identify potential problems.
Topics covered include:
• Periodic Maintenance
• Qualified Service
• Cleaning and Disinfecting
• Recycling

Periodic Maintenance
Periodic maintenance is required for continued SAFE operation. Periodic maintenance
should be performed as specified in the maintenance schedule of the service manual by
qualified personnel. Descriptions and scheduled frequency of the required periodic
maintenance are provided in the Service manual (# 5265600-2EN) supplied with the
equipment. Inspection intervals are based on average daily use of one eight hour shift.
These periodic maintenance procedures will be performed by GE service if contracted to do
so. Generally, most of the parts need maintenances once a year; general cleaning and
painting as required; Replace NonVolatile RAM on the kV Control Board every 8 years. More
frequent inspection is appropriate where equipment use is above average.

CAUTION: Failure to perform the periodic inspection and maintenance could allow
deteriorating conditions to develop without being detected. This
deterioration could result in equipment failures, which could cause serious
injury or equipment damage.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 14-1

Qualified Service
Safe equipment performance requires the use of service personnel specially trained on
medical X-ray apparatus. General Electric Medical Systems and its associates, maintain a
world-wide organization of stations from which to furnish periodic and/or emergency
service on a contract basis. A GE representative will be glad to discuss this plan. General
Electric Medical Systems X-ray equipment contains operating safeguards designed to
provide maximum safety. Before calling for service, be certain proper operating procedures
are being used.

Cleaning and Disinfecting

This equipment should be cleaned frequently, particularly if corroding chemicals are
present. Use a cloth moistened in warm soapy water (use mild soap) to clean the trim and
nameplate of the Operator’s Controls. Wipe with a cloth moistened in clean water. Do not
use cleaners or solvents of any kind as they may dull the finish or blur the lettering. Polish
with a pure liquid or paste wax. Other surfaces of the equipment can be cleaned using a
clean cloth moistened slightly with a good mild cleaner and polish acceptable for use on
enameled metal surfaces. Before each use, equipment surfaces that contact the patient
should be cleaned with an EPA registered, low-level disinfection or sanitizing agent.

CAUTION: In the event of equipment contacting broken skin or being used with infected
or immune compromised patients, the equipment should be cleaned using
EPA cleared and EPA registered high-level disinfecting agents.

CAUTION: Clean water or 75% medical ethanol is recommended to be used to clean

patient barrier with cotton cloth, other corrosive agent and rough cloth may
erase the printed mark on the barrier.
NOTE: Be sure to follow the label instructions and pre-cautions for use, storage, and disposal
of all disinfecting agents.

Recycling

Packing Materials
The materials used to pack our equipment are recyclable. They must be collected and
processed in accordance with the regulations in force for the country where the machines
or accessories are unpacked.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 14-2

Machines or Accessories at end-of-life

The elimination of machines and accessories must be in accordance with national
regulations for waste processing. All materials and components that could pose a risk to the
environment must be removed from the machines at end-of-life and accessories (examples:
dry and wet cell batteries, transformer oil, etc.).
Please consult your local GEHC representative before discarding these products.

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Chapter 15

Set Preferences

Preferences will allow a super-user to customize your system for your facilities needs. It will
allow you to predefine your X-ray procedure parameters so that any stored procedure may
be retrieved from memory. This will allow you to access technique factors programmed for
that type of procedure. This chapter explains the Preferences available to you, and how to
activate or change the preferences for your facility.
This chapter explains how to set the preferences for various features on your system. You
can enable several automatic networking and printing features, customize your system
default annotations, image orientation and preferences for image processing. You are also
able to save commonly used operator and physician names in your system for later recall.
This section presents the concepts necessary to successfully build and edit preset
procedures to customize your system.
Preferences are set on the Utilities screen (Figure 15-1), which is accessed by clicking the
[UTILITIES] button on the Worklist.

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Topics covered include:

• System • DEI (Detector Exposure Indicator)

– Network Connections – Change the DEI Display
– Printers – Change the Lower and Upper Limits
• Worklist – Enable or Disable Technical Mode
– Default Query – Export the DEI Log
– Preset Names • Image Processing
• Image Management – Build Custom Looks
– Retry the failed print during boot – Change Default Factory Looks for
– Copy Exam Exams
– Auto Tag (Quality Check) – Tissue Equalization Overview
– Auto Print • Protocols
– Auto Send (Auto Push) – Backup Protocol Database to CD/DVD
– Auto Delete – Retrieve Protocol Database from
CD/DVD
• Viewer Pre-set Annotations
– Edit Protocol Database
– Pre-set Annotations
– Protocol Editor Copy Functions

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System
This section provides instructions for setting your system preferences for network and
printer connections. The Services Desktop and log off and Shut Down functions are also
available from this screen. Refer to Chapter 6: General Information for more information
about logging off and Shut Down.
Figure 15-1 System Utilities screen

Network Connections
Network and printer connections are configured through the Utilities System-System
screen. This screen allows qualified service personnel to define the Digital Imaging and
COmmunication in Medicine (DICOM) send destinations.
Network connections may be added, removed, or edited from this screen.
Follow this process to access the Network Connections screen.
1. On the Worklist screen, click [UTILITIES].
 The System-System screen appears.
2. Click [NETWORK CONNECTIONS].
 The Network Connections screen (Figure 15-2) appears.

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Figure 15-2 Network Connections screen

Add or Edit Network Host

Adding and editing network hosts use very similar process and the same screens as shown
in Figure 15-3 and Figure 15-4. Table 15-1 and Table 15-2 describe the fields in detail.
• If editing an existing connection, select the network host and click [EDIT].
• If adding a new connection, click [ADD].
Complete requested information for both tabs and click [SAVE] to add the network host or
save the changes.

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Figure 15-3 Add Network Host – Host tab

Table 15-1 Add Network Host – Hosts tab description

Function Description

Host Label The name of the host that appears in the Network Hosts lists
and on the Image Management screen.
NOTE: Host labels cannot have spaces in the name. Use
underscores ( _ ) to separate words.

Application Entry Type in DICOM AE.

Title

IP Address The IP address of the network host.

Port Number The port number for the network host.

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Function Description

Query Retrieve Sets the type of information the host will provide on query
from another host.
Available options are:
• No provider
• Study
• Patient

Storage Designates if the host will store image data.

Commitment

Storage Type in DICOM AE.

Commitment -
Application Entry
Title

Storage The IP address of the storage database.

Commitment -IP
Address

Storage The port number of the storage database.

Commitment -Port
Number

Comments Allows you to add notes about the network host or

configuration.

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Figure 15-4 Add Network – Preferences tab

Table 15-2 Add Network Host – Preferences tab description

Function Description

Allow this host to Allows this host to search and filter the system.
query the (system
name)

Allow this host to Allows this host to open and display exams from the system.
retrieve from the
(system name)

Allow this host to Allows the host to send images to the system.
send images to the
(system name)

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Function Description

This network host Allows multiple frame images to be send to this network host.
accepts multiple
frame image.

Perform Automatically de-identifies any images that the system sends

de-identification to this host.
(anonymous patient Refer to Chapter 9: Image Management-Make Patient
images) when Anonymous for more information about de-identification.
sending to this
network host.

Apply Burns the VOI LUT (Look-Up Tables) into the DICOM header to
“Burn-On-Send” to be displayed by PACS.
images when Leaving his option unselected sends all available VOI LUTs to
sending to this the DICOM header for PACS to query and apply.
network host.
NOTE: PACS should be configured to read the first VOI LUT for
proper display of images on the Acquisition workstation.

Send MPPS N-Create This node acts as the Destination for receiving the MPPS
and N-Set N-Create & N-Set Notification. When configured for MPPS, the
notification to this System sends information like which exam is in progress,
network host. when a Study is completed, how many images were acquired,
and what was the radiation dose to which the patient was
exposed during that session, etc.

Make this host the Designates the host as the DICOM worklist provider. Defining
HIS/RIS source. (Only the Radiology Information System (RIS) and Hospital
one host can be Information System (HIS) host allows you to download patient
designated as the worklists from those networks to your system.
HIS/RIS source.)
NOTE: Only one HIS/RIS source may be designated on the
system. Selecting this option will de-select any other
hosts as the HIS/RIS source.

Remove
Follow this process to remove a network host.
1. From the Network Connections screen, select the network host.
2. Click [REMOVE].
 A message appears: “Are you sure you want to remove (host name)?”

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3. Click [YES].
 [CANCEL] closes the message and returns you to the Network Connections screen
without removing the connection.
 The network host is removed.

Perform C-Echo Test

Use this function when you want to check to see if the system is communicating with a
particular network host.
1. Select a host from the Network Hosts list.
2. Press [C-ECHO TEST].
 A message appears to notify you if the test passed or failed.
 A “Successful” message means that the network host is working and that you can
retrieve exams from it or transfer exams to it.
Failed C-Echo Test
A “failed” message means that the system could not contact the network host.
Perform the following tasks to resolve the problem.
• Re-try the test at a later time. The host may be temporarily unavailable.
• Confirm the host configuration on the Edit screen.
If the problem persists, contact your technical support group or system administrator.

Printers
Follow this process to access the Network Connections screen.
1. On the Worklist screen, click [UTILITIES].
 The System-System screen appears.
2. Click [NETWORK CONNECTIONS].
 The Network Connections screen (Figure 15-5) appears.

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Figure 15-5 Network Connections screen

Add or Edit DICOM Printers

Adding and editing printers use very similar process and the same screens shown in Figure
15-6, Figure 15-7, and Figure 15-8. Table 15-3, Table 15-4, and Table 15-5 describe the fields
in detail.
• If Editing an existing printer’s configuration, select the printer from the DICOM Printers
list and click [EDIT].
• If adding a new printer, click [ADD].
Complete requested information for all tabs and click [SAVE] to add the printer or save the
changes.
NOTE: All printers on system must have a printer calibratin performed by service for each
individual printer to assure IQ.

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Figure 15-6 Add Printer screen – Printer Tab

Table 15-3 Add Printer screen– Printer Tab description

Function Description

DICOM Printer Label The name of the printer that appears in the DICOM Printers list
and on the print setup screens.
NOTE: DICOM printer labels cannot have spaces in the name.
Use underscores ( _ ) to separate words.

Application Entry Type in DICOM AE

Title

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Function Description

IP Address The IP address of the printer.

Port Number The port number of the printer.

Pixel Depth The resolution of the printer.

Printer Pixel Size Designates the pixel size the printer uses. This is specified by
(micron) the printer manufacturer.

Configuration A place for you to add notes about the printer or

Information configuration.

Density Available options are:

• Min
• Max

Magnification Type Available options are:

• Replicate
• Bilinear
• Cubic
• None

Smooth Factor Sets the image smoothing factor.

Trim Designates if there is to be trim or not.

Polarity Available options are:

• Normal
• Reverse

Border Density Sets the color of the image border.

Available options are:
• Black
• White

Empty Image Sets the color of areas that have no image printed.
Density Available options are:
• Black
• White

Printer Memory Size Designates the memory size of the printer. This is specified by
the printer manufacturer.

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Figure 15-7 Add Printer screen – Layouts tab

Table 15-4 Add Printer screen– Layouts Tab description

Function Description

Select the desired Selections allow the number of images that may be printed on
layouts allowed for a single sheet of film or paper. Some selections control the
this printer orientation of the images on the page: for example, 2 images
per page may be side by side or one on top of the other.

Slide formats Selections allow the side formats available for the printer, if
any.

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Figure 15-8 Add Printer – Film Sizes tab

Table 15-5 Add Printer screen– Film sizes description

Function Description

Film sizes (8 x 10in) Selects the sizes of film available for the printer.

Pixel size: W (width) Sets how wide the film is in pixels.

This value is provided by the printer manufacturer based on
what the printer supports.

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Function Description

Pixel size: H (height) Sets how high the film is in pixels.

This value is provided by the printer manufacturer based on
what the printer supports.

Remove
Follow this process to remove a printer.
1. From the Network Connections screen, select the printer.
2. Click [REMOVE].
 A message appears: “Are you sure you want to remove (printer name)?”
3. Click [YES].
 [CANCEL] closes the message and returns you to the Network Connections screen
without removing the connection.
 The printer is removed.

Worklist
Worklist preferences are available from the Utilities screen.
1. On the Worklist screen, click [UTILTIES].
2. Select Preferences > Worklist.

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Figure 15-9 Preferences – Worklist screen

Default Query
The Worklist Default Query controls the amount of HIS/RIS information that appears on the
Worklist and allows you to enable and configure the auto-refresh function.
1. Complete or edit the Worklist Default Query screen (Figure 15-10). Table 15-6 describes
the fields in detail.
2. Click [SAVE] to change the Default Query.

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Figure 15-10 Worklist Default Query screen

Table 15-6 Worklist Default Query description

Function Description

Show list for Determines Worklist items by system or modality.

• This system – the local workstation
• All systems in modality – all digital x-ray systems in the
network
• All systems – all imaging systems in the network

Include Allows you to include or exclude completed or cancelled

exams on the Worklist.

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Function Description

Date Range Selects the date range of scheduled procedures to show on

the Worklist.
Options are:
• All
• Current Day

Plus previous Shows procedures that are scheduled for the specified time
__ Days __ Hours before the selected date range.

Plus future Shows procedures that are scheduled for the specified time
__ Days __ Hours after the selected date range.

Auto Refresh Turns Auto Refresh on or off.

[ON] [OFF]

Refresh every __ If Auto Refresh is [ON], sets how often (in minutes) the worklist
Minutes refreshes. The interval may be between 1 and 9999 minutes.

Auto Refresh
The Worklist Auto-Refresh feature automatically refreshes the Patient Worklist at
predefined time intervals.
NOTE: You will not be able to make selections or access Worklist functions while the worklist
is refreshing.
NOTE: For large facilities, it is recommended that the auto refresh interval be set to a short
time, for example, every 1 or 2 minutes. The system will refresh more often, but each
refresh will take less time to complete.

Preset Names
The Preset Names screen (Figure 15-12) allows you to add, remove, or edit the names that
appear on the Add Patient/Patient Information screen’s Operators, Performing Physicians,
and Referring Physicians drop-down lists (Figure 15-11).

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Figure 15-11 Drop-down lists on the Add Patient screen

1. Follow the procedures below to Add, Edit, or Remove Preset Names.

2. When finished, click [SAVE] to retain the changes you made.
Figure 15-12 Preset Names screen

Add Preset Names

1. Click [ADD] for the appropriate group.
2. Type the name to add.

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3. Click [ADD].

Edit Preset Names

1. Select the name to change.
2. Click [EDIT] for the group.
3. Edit the name as appropriate.
4. Click [SAVE].

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Remove Preset Names

1. Select the name to remove.
2. Click [REMOVE] for the group.
3. Click [OK] to remove the name.
 Click [NO] to keep the name.

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Image Management
Image Management preferences allow you to enable and configure the Copy Exam, Auto
Tag, Auto Print, Auto Push, and Auto Delete functions.
Figure 15-13 Preferences – Image Management

Retry the failed print during boot

Default: Off
Enabling "Retry failed print during boot" function allows to retry those previous failed print
during system boots.
There is no configuration for this function; it is either enabled (ON) or disabled (OFF).
Follow this process to enable or disable “Retry the failed print during boot”:
1. From the Worklist screen, click [UTILITIES].
2. Select Preferences > Image Management.
3. Click Retry the failed print during boot [ON] to enable the function and [OFF] disables the
function.
4. Click [CLOSE].

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Copy Exam
Default: ON.
Enabling the Copy Exam function allows exams to be copied between the local databases
and network hosts. It also allows exams to be copied to a CD.
There is no configuration for this function; it is either enabled (ON) or disabled (OFF).
Follow this process to enable or disable Copy Exam:
1. From the Worklist screen, click [UTILITIES].
2. Select Preferences > Image Management.
3. Click Copy Exam [ON] to enable the function.
 Copy Exam [OFF] disables the function.
4. Click [CLOSE].

Auto Tag (Quality Check)

Default: OFF.
Enabling Auto Tag (or Quality Check) provides an indicator on the Image Viewer screen to
mark an image of acceptable quality. Auto Print and Auto Delete can be configured to act
upon images that have the Quality Check mark.
There is no configuration for this function; it is either enabled (ON) or disabled (OFF).
Follow this process to enable or disable Auto Tag:
1. From the Worklist screen, click [UTILITIES].
2. Select Preferences > Image Management.
3. Click Auto Tag [ON] to enable the function.
 Auto Tag [OFF] disables the function.
4. Click [CLOSE].

Auto Print
Default Print/Auto Print (Figure 15-14) allows you to configure your printer parameters. This
is done so that you do not need to select all the parameters each time you print an image.
You can select a primary and alternative location as well as how many copies you want
each time you print.
Follow this process to configure Auto Print.

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1. From the Worklist screen, click [UTILITIES].

2. Select Preferences > Image Management.
3. Click Auto Print [EDIT].
 The Default Print/Auto Print screen appears.
4. Complete the information as described in Table 15-7.
5. When finished, click [SAVE] to retain your changes.
6. Click [CLOSE].
Figure 15-14 Auto Print

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Table 15-7 Auto Print Functions

Function Description

Printer Lists the printers and laser cameras connected to your

system.

Film Orientation Sets if the image will print on the film horizontally or vertically.
Available options are:
• Portrait – vertical film orientation
• Landscape – horizontal film orientation
• Auto – selects the best film orientation for the image

Print Mode Provides options on the size of the image data printed.
Available options are:
• True Size
• Fit to Film
• Fit +
• Reduced Size

Magnification (%) Allows you to enter an image reduction factor. The allowable
range is 40-90%.
This text box is active only if you select the Reduced Size print
mode.

Alternate Print mode Allows you to choose a second print destination so if the
primary destination is down, the images go to the secondary
choice.

Alternative Allows you to enter an image reduction factor for the

Magnification (%) secondary printer.

Format Allows you to choose the formats available for the selected
printer.
Available options are:
• Standard
• Slide
• Superslide

Media Size Allows you to choose the size of the media available for the
selected printer.

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Function Description

Number of Copies The Number of Copies text box lets you type in the number of
films you wish to print ranging from one to nine. The default is
one.

Media Type Allows you to choose the media types available for the
selected printer.
Available options are:
• Paper
• Clear Film
• Blue Film

Destination Allows you to choose the destinations available for the

selected printer.
Available options are:
• Processor
• Magazine

Magnification Type Allows you to choose the magnification types available for the
selected printer.
Available options are:
• Replicate
• Bilinear
• Cubic
• None

Auto Print If Auto Tag is enabled, turning Auto Print [ON] will
[ON] [OFF] automatically print all images that have the Auto Tag mark
when the Image Viewer screen is closed.
[OFF] disables the Auto Print function.

Upon closing the Allows the choice to automatically re-print or to not print any
exam… images that were printed manually from the Image Viewer
screen.

[SAVE] Saves the current selections and values as the default printing
configuration.

[CANCEL] Closes the Auto Print screen without saving your changes.

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Auto Send (Auto Push)

Auto Send automatically transfers images to another network device when the exam is
closed. Auto Send is enabled and configured from the Utilities – Preferences screen.
Follow this process to configure Auto Send.
1. From the Worklist screen, click [UTILITIES].
2. Select Preferences > Image Management.
3. Click Auto Push [EDIT].
 The Auto Send screen appears.
4. Complete the information as described in Table 15-8.
5. When finished, click [SAVE] to retain your changes.
6. Click [CLOSE].
Figure 15-15 Auto Send

Table 15-8 Auto Send Functions

Function Description

Auto Auto [ON] [OFF] Turns Auto Send on or off.

Selecting On allows you to configure the default Auto Send
settings.

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Function Description

Network Host Lists the available network locations where images may be
column transferred.
Refer to Network Connections for information about how to
configure the available Network Hosts.

Auto Send column Allows you to choose which images are sent to each network
host. You may choose either Raw or Processed, both, or none.
Leaving both choices unselected means that no images will be
sent to the network host.

[SAVE] Saves your selections as the default settings and closes the
Auto Send screen.

[CANCEL] Closes the screen without saving your changes.

Auto Delete
Auto Delete automatically deletes images when the image database does not have enough
space. Auto Delete is enabled from the Utilities – Preferences screen.
Follow this process to configure Auto Delete.
1. From the Worklist screen, click [UTILITIES].
2. Select Preferences > Image Management.
3. Click Auto Delete [EDIT].
 The Auto Delete screen appears.
4. Complete the information as described in Table 15-9.
5. When finished, click [SAVE] to retain your changes.
6. Click [CLOSE].

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Figure 15-16 Auto Delete

Table 15-9 Auto Delete functions

Function Description

Auto Delete [ON] Turns Auto Delete on or off.

[OFF]

Auto Delete images Specifies when to auto delete images based on database size.
when database is
__% full.

Delete images until Specifies how many images to delete based on database size.
database is __% full.

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Function Description

Images must be at Specifies how old (in days and hours) an image must be for it
least __ Days and __ to be deleted. Images that are less than the entered number
Hours old before will not be deleted.
deletion.

Images must meet Allows you to constrain the deletion of raw and processed
__ of the checked images based upon checkbox selection.
options before
deletion.

Processed image Selecting the Print parameter allows auto deletion of images
printed that have been printed.

Processed image Allows auto deletion of processed images with no errors that
sent have been sent to another viewing station.

Raw image sent Allows auto deletion of raw images with no errors that have
been sent to another viewing station.

Processed image Allows auto deletion of processed images that have been sent
committed to a long term device with storage commitment capability.
Storage commitment for a network host is configured from
the System – System screen, Network Connections.

Raw image Allows auto deletion of raw images that have been sent to a
committed long term device with storage commitment capability.

Allow Non-Quality Allows auto deletion of any images that have the Auto Tag
Checked (tagged) (Quality Check) mark.
images to be
deleted… NOTE: If any of the images in the series do not have the Auto
Tag (Quality Check) mark (therefore not sent or printed),
the series will not auto delete.

[SAVE] Saves your changes and closes the screen.

[CANCEL] Closes the screen without saving changes.

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Viewer Pre-set Annotations

Viewer Preferences allow you to add, edit, or remove pre-set annotations.
Figure 15-17 Preferences - Viewer screen

Pre-set Annotations
Viewer Preferences allow you to add, edit, or remove pre-set annotations.
Follow this process to configure pre-set annotations.
1. From the Worklist screen, click [UTILITIES].
2. Select Preferences > Viewer.
3. Click Pre-set Annotation [EDIT].
 The Pre-set Annotations editing screen (Figure 15-18) appears.

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Figure 15-18 Pre-set Annotation editing

4. To change the order of the list, select the annotation.

5. Click the [] or [] buttons to move the item up or down the list.
6. Add, Edit, or Remove annotations, as described below.
7. When finished, click [SAVE] to retain your changes.
8. Click [CLOSE].

Add Pre-set Annotation

1. From the Pre-set Annotations screen, click [ADD].
2. Enter the text of the annotation.

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3. Click [ADD].

Edit Pre-set Annotation

1. From the Pre-set Annotations screen, select the annotation.
2. click [EDIT].
3. Edit the text of the annotation.
4. Click [SAVE].

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Remove
1. From the Pre-set Annotations screen, select the annotation.
2. Click [REMOVE].
 A message appears: “Are you sure you would like to delete the annotation –
(annotation name)?”
3. Click [OK].

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DEI (Detector Exposure Indicator)

Figure 15-19 Preferences - DEI screen

The Detector Exposure Index screen allows you to control if or how the DEI is displayed on
the Image Viewer screen and to change the lower and upper limits for anatomical views.
These settings determine how DEI is displayed for all images.
Follow this process to change the DEI settings.
1. From the Worklist screen, press [UTILITIES].
2. Select Preferences > DEI.
3. Press DEI Preferences [EDIT].
 The Detector Exposure Index screen (Figure 15-20) appears.
4. Continue with Change the DEI Display or Change the Lower and Upper Limits.

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Figure 15-20 Detector exposure index screen

Change the DEI Display

1. On the Detector Exposure Index screen, click the DEI Display drop-down list to open it.
2. Select the display option.
 Available options are:
– No Display In this example, there is no DEI
information displayed on the Image
Viewer screen.

– Numerical In this example, only numerical DEI

information displayed on the Image
Viewer screen.

– Graphical In this example, DEI information is

displayed both numerically and
graphically on the Image Viewer screen.
This is the recommended display option.

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3. Press [SAVE] to apply the change and close the screen.

 [CLOSE] closes the screen without saving the changes.

Change the Lower and Upper Limits

1. On the Detector Exposure Indicator screen, click an anatomical category to expand it.
 Click the category again to close it.
2. Change the lower and upper limits in the text boxes as appropriate for the view.
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for all applicable anatomical categories.
4. Click [SAVE] when finished to apply the changes and close the screen.
 [CLOSE] closes the screen without saving the changes.

Enable or Disable Technical Mode

Technical Mode is a special setting that configures the system for image quality testing and
detector calibration. When Technical Mode is enabled, DEI is calculated using the central
area of the image (512 pixels x 512 pixels) regardless of the imaged anatomy.
IMPORTANT!:Do not acquire exam images when Technical Mode is enabled. The use of
Technical Mode is reserved for image testing and calibration purposes only.
The checkbox (Figure 15-21) indicates if Technical Mode is enabled. Check or uncheck the
box as appropriate and press [SAVE] to apply the change and close the screen.
Figure 15-21 Techinical mode checkbox

Export the DEI Log

The DEI Log is used by GE Service personnel to track the doses to the detector over time.
Continued low or high DEI values may indicate that the system needs calibration or that
protocols and looks should be edited to accommodate your facility°Øs needs.
Follow this process to export the DEI Log.
1. Insert a blank CD-R or CD-RW disc.
2. From the Worklist screen, press [UTILITIES].
3. Select Preferences > DEI.
4. Press the DEI Export Log [EXPORT] button.

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5. Remove the disc when export is complete.

Image Processing
The Image Processing preferences allow you to view the settings of default factory looks or
to create up to five (5) custom looks. Image Processing Preferences also allow you to change
which look is the default for the anatomical view.
Description of Image Processing Rev 1

The Image Processing settings may be accessed from the Image Viewer screen or the
Utilities screen.
From the Image Viewer screen:
• Select the Image Tools palette – Image Processing tab.
• Click [EDIT PROC].
From the Utilities screen:
• Select Preferences > Image Processing.
• Click Image Processing [EDIT].
NOTE: After creating a custom look or changing the default look for an exam, the system
must be reset in order for the changes to take effect. Refer to Chapter 6: General
Information-System Reset for more information.

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Figure 15-22 Preferences – Image Processing

Build Custom Looks

Looks are the way an image is processed to be viewed by a radiologist for interpretation.
Looks are pre-defined combinations of brightness, contrast, edge enhancement, and tissue
equalization (TE). Refer to Tissue Equalization Overview for more information.
Factory Look descriptions:
• Factory Look 1 – similar to analog film, low edge, no TE.
• Factory Look 2 – low CR look, low edge, moderate tissue contrast.
• Factory Look 3 – moderate CR look, low edge, TE.
• Factory Look 4 – highly digital look, high edge, high TE.
These factory looks apply to all exams.
Follow this process to create an new custom look.
Recommendation: When building a custom look, start with the factory look that is closest to
the desired result. Write down the values and apply them to a new custom process. Then
change the applicable variables.
1. From the Worklist screen, click [UTILITIES].
2. Select Preferences > Image Processing.

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3. Click Image Processing [EDIT].

 The Image Processing Preference Editor (Figure 15-23) appears.
Figure 15-23 Image Processing Preference Editor

4. Select the Anatomy (for example: Chest, Abdomen, Lumbar Spine, etc.).
5. Select the View (for example: antero-posterior or lateral).
6. Select the Image Type. Available options are: Standard, Soft-Tissue, and Bone.
7. Select the Patient Size. Available options are: Small Adult, Medium Adult, Large Adult,
Small Pediatric, Medium Pediatric, or Large Pediatric.
8. Select the Look. Choose the first “Undefined” Custom look.
NOTE: If Factory Look is selected, parameters are read-only. Only Custom processing looks
can be changed.
9. Enter new name in Look Description to rename the look:
 The system will not accept a new look if the name remains “Undefined“.
10. Check the Make Default box to set this look at the default for the selected Anatomy.
11. Adjust parameters as described in Table 15-10. Parameters may be adjusted in any
order.

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Table 15-10 Image Processing parameters

Parameter Definition

Contrast Adjusts image contrast. Also known as window width.

Adjust • Move the slider right for more contrast (towards pure black and
white).
• Move the slider left for less contrast (towards uniform gray).
Range: 0% – 100% with increment of 1%

Brightness Adjusts image brightness from 1-100%. Also known as window level.
Adjust • Move the slider right for a lighter image.
• Move the slider left for a darker image.
NOTE: Brightness Adjust and Contrast Adjust are used to modify the
look of images from a particular exam. They should not be used
for per-image tuning/correction of brightness and contrast. For
example, if images from a particular type of exam are appearing
consistently lighter than they should be, the Brightness Adjust
slider can be moved left to adjust. However, for small alterations
of brightness on a particular image, use the Brightness and
Contrast sliders in the Image Viewer screen.

Tissue Controls the general contrast between the thick and thin anatomy.
Contrast • Move the slider right to decrease bone/soft-tissue contrast.
• Move the slider left to increase bone/soft-tissue contrast.
Range: –0.15 to 0.15 with 0.01 increments.
NOTE: Unlike Tissue Equalization, which controls contrast within
under-penetrated (thick) or over-penetrated (thin) areas, Tissue
Contrast controls the general contrast between the thick and
thin anatomy. For example, Tissue Contrast can be used in
combination with Tissue Equalization to define a Chest PA look
that is equalized in the lung fields, but with light spine/ribs.

Edge The amount of detail visible in bone structures. Increased edge equals
increased detail.
• Move the slider right to make images sharper.
• Move the slider left to make images smoother.
Range: 1 to 10 (discrete setting)

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Parameter Definition

Noise Suppresses the mottle noise in denser areas of the anatomy while
Reduction preserving detail in the rest of the image.
Available options are:
• None – no noise reduction
• Low
• Medium
• High – maximum noise reduction
NOTE: The noise reduction feature suppresses the mottle noise in
denser areas of the anatomy while preserving detail in the rest
of the image. The algorithm takes into account tissue
penetration and dose reaching the detector. For example, if two
Chest PA images were acquired on the same patient, one with
much higher dose than the other, noise reduction may only
affect the lower dose (higher noise) image. In general, the lowest
Noise Reduction setting that produces the desired image quality
should be selected.

TE Settings See Tissue Equalization section for range and effect of TE sliders. Refer
to Tissue Equalization Overview for more information.
NOTE: The combined total of the TE Under-penetrated and TE
Over-penetrated areas cannot exceed 100%. The slider will
automatically stop and a message appears: “The Total Area
cannot exceed 100%. Reduce the (Under- or Over-) Penetrated
area to proceed.”

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12. When finished adjusting parameters, click [SAVE] or [SAVE TO MULTIPLE].

 [SAVE] applies the parameters to the currently selected patient size.
– A message appears: “Save changes?”
– Click [YES].
 [SAVE TO MULTIPLE] applies the parameters to multiple patient sizes within the
selected anatomy.
– The Save to Multiple screen appears.
– Select the Patient Size to save the new look to.
– Click [SAVE].

13. Click [CLOSE] on the Image Processing Preference Editor.

14. Log off and reset the system for changes to take effect. Refer to Chapter 6: General
Information for more information.

Change Image Processing from the Viewer

Changing the image processing from the Image Viewer screen applies the process changes
to a specific image, but also allows mapping the process change to multiple.
Follow the steps listed above to make the processing changes.
When opened from the Image Viewer screen the, Image Processing Preference Editor screen
also has a [PREVIEW] and [APPLY TO IMAGE] button. [PREVIEW] applies the settings to the
currently selected image in the Image Viewer screen so that you can see the effect before
saving the changes.

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Figure 15-24 Image processing preferences editor screen opened from the Viewer

Change Default Factory Looks for Exams

The Default Factory Looks screen (Figure 15-25) allows you to change the default
processing setting for all 34 anatomical views.
At the initial applications setup, the radiologist chooses the default look for each anatomical
view. Applications assigns the looks to the system.
Follow this process to change the default factory looks.
1. From the Worklist screen, click [UTILITIES].
2. Select Preferences > Image Processing.
3. Click Default Factory Looks [EDIT].
4. Use the drop-down lists to change the default for the desired anatomical views.
5. When finished, click [MAP] to save the changes.
6. Log off and reset the system to apply the changes.

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Figure 15-25 Default Factory Looks

Tissue Equalization Overview

Tissue Equalization (TE) is an advanced image-processing algorithm that improves contrast
and visibility in over-penetrated and under-penetrated regions of an image without
compromising the contrast in other regions of interest. In combination with the wide
dynamic range of the GE Revolution? digital detector, TE allows display of more information
collected in a single shot, reducing re-takes and increasing throughput.

TE Usage
Over-penetrated Regions
An over-penetrated region in an image results from x-rays passing through a relatively less
dense region of the anatomy such as soft tissue (skin edge).

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Over-penetrated regions of an image appear darker with reduced contrast. Using TE, the
contrast in such regions can be enhanced to improve visualization of soft-tissue. TE can also
be used to enhance vessel contrast in lungs. In Figure 15-26, the skin edge around the neck
is more clearly defined with TE.

Under-penetrated Regions
An under-penetrated region in an image results from insufficient x-rays passing through
relatively dense anatomical regions. For example, anatomy containing dense tissue
(abdomen) and bone (ankles/wrists/shoulders) result in under-penetrated images.
Under-penetrated regions of an image such as the cervical and thoracic spine appear
white- white spine obscured by the overlaying anatomy like the white shoulders. Using TE,
the overlaying anatomy can be made grayer making the underlying spine more visible
(Figure 15-26). A hand image can similarly be displayed with improved bone contrast. This
makes TE an invaluable tool in visualizing the entire bone field.
Figure 15-26 Comparison with and without Tissue Equalization

TE parameters
TE uses the information in the image to improve visualization. Two user-defined parameters;
AREA and STRENGTH; control the extent and amount of TE that is applied to the image.
There is an AREA and STRENGTH parameter for over-penetrated regions and an AREA and
STRENGTH parameter for under-penetrated regions.

Area
The AREA parameter defines the extent of application of the TE algorithm to the image.
Increasing AREA increases the number of image pixels to which TE is applied. For example,
in Figure 15-27, setting the AREA to 30% for under-penetrated region uses the pixels within
the dotted ROI. Increasing AREA to 60% increases the number of pixels where TE is applied,
as indicated by the solid ROI.

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Figure 15-27 Using the AREA parameter in TE

The combined AREA parameters for the over and under-penetrated regions cannot be
greater than 100%. For example if the AREA parameter for over-penetrated regions is set to
40%, the AREA parameter for under-penetrated regions cannot be greater than 60%
(100-40).

Strength
The STRENGTH parameter affects the grayness of a region when TE is applied to it. For
example, increasing STRENGTH for under-penetrated regions such as shoulders makes a
white region grayer. Increasing STENGTH for over-penetrated regions such as lungs makes a
black region grayer. In both cases, increasing STRENGTH generally makes the region grayer.
The effect of varying AREA and STRENGTH in TE is demonstrated in Figure 15-28 for
under-penetrated regions. Increasing STRENGTH while keeping the AREA constant makes
the pixel grayer in the shoulder region. Increasing AREA extends the region that becomes
gray.

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Figure 15-28 Varied TE settings

NOTE: Unlike Tissue Equalization, which controls contrast within under-penetrated (thick) or
over-penetrated (thin) areas, Tissue Contrast controls the general contrast between
the thick and thin anatomy. For example, Tissue Contrast can be used in combination
with Tissue Equalization to define a Chest PA look that is equalized in the lung fields,
but with light spine/ribs.

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Protocols
Protocols preferences allow you to create backup copies of the protocol database, retrieve
saved backups, and create new protocols.
Figure 15-29 Preferences - Protocols screen

Backup Protocol Database to CD/DVD

The Backup function allows you to save the entire protocols database (parameters) to a
CD/DVD This is important when editing protocols; backup ensures that the current database
stays intact. Backup is also important in case of system failure and all protocol information
is lost. If necessary, the old database can be retrieved and used.
Follow this process to back up the database to a CD/DVD.
NOTE: Always use a new, blank CD-R/CD-RW/DVD-R for each back up.
1. From the Worklist screen, click [UTILITES].
 The Utilities screen appears.
2. Select Preferences > Protocols.
3. Insert a blank CD/DVD into the CD tray.
4. Close the CD tray.

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5. Click [BACK UP].

 A message appears: “Press OK to continue with Protocol Database back up.”
6. Click [OK].
 The protocol database is saved to the CD/DVD.
7. Remove the CD/DVD from the CD tray.
8. Label the CD/DVD and store it in a safe place.

Retrieve Protocol Database from CD/DVD

The Retrieve function allows you to re-cover a protocol database that was saved to a
CD/DVD.
NOTE: Make sure the setting of language and Encoding are the same as backup before
Protocol DB retrieve
NOTE: When retrieving, the procedures saved on the CD/DVD will overwrite all of the
procedures on the system.
Follow this process to retrieve a protocol database from CD/DVD.
1. From the Worklist screen, click [UTILITES].
 The Utilities screen appears.
2. Select Preferences > Protocols.
3. Insert the CD/DVD with the saved protocols database into the CD tray.
4. Close the CD tray.
5. Click [RETRIEVE].
 A message appears: “Press OK to continue with Protocol Database retrieve.”
6. Click [OK].
 The saved protocol database is loaded onto the system.
7. Remove the CD/DVD from the CD tray. Store the CD/DVD in a safe place.

Edit Protocol Database

The Protocol Editor allows you to create custom acquisition protocols. It allows the creation
of anatomical categories, exam sets, and individual views for exams.
It allows the edit and removal of categories, exams, and views.
NOTE: Names of categories, exams, and views cannot contain spaces. Use underscores ( _
) to separate words (for example, “Neck_AP”).

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NOTE: It is recommended that you back up the database to CD before and after custom
changes are made. Database backup is done by selecting the backup button on the
Preferences - Protocols screen. Refer to Backup Protocol Database to CD/DVD for more
information.
NOTE: When adding a new protocol, please use Copy first, and then, do the edits.
Follow this process to access the Protocol Database Editor.
1. From the Worklist, select [UTILITIES].
2. Select Preferences > Protocols.
3. Click [EDIT].
 The Exam Menu appears.
4. Continue with Add or Edit Category, Add or Edit Exam, or Add or Edit View.
Figure 15-30 Exam Menu

Add or Edit Category

NOTE: The screens and process to edit a category are the same as for adding a category.
From the Exam Menu:

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1. Click [ADD CAT] or [EDIT CAT].

 The Add Category (or Edit Category) screen appears.

2. Type a Category Name. (Use underscores instead of spaces.)

3. From the Position Category After drop-down list, select the placement of the new
category on the category list.
4. Click [OK].
5. Continue with Add or Edit Exam.
NOTE: Exams and views must be added or copied into the new category in order for it to be
fully functional.

Add or Edit Exam

NOTE: The screens and process to edit an exam are the same as for adding a exam.
From the Exam Menu:

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1. Select the category for the new exam.

2. Click [ADD EXAM] or [EDIT EXAM].
 The Add Exam (or Edit Exam) screen appears..

3. Type an Exam Name. (Use underscores instead of spaces.)

4. From the Position Exam After drop-down list, select the position of the exam within the
category.
5. Select the Default Patient Size for the exam.
6. Click [OK].
7. Continue with Add or Edit View.
NOTE: Exams must be populated with new or copied views after creation in order to be fully
functional.
Add or Edit View
NOTE: The screens and process to edit a view are the same as for adding a view.
NOTE: This process has multiple screens.
From the Exam Menu:
1. Expand the Category.
2. Select the Exam to add or copy the new view to.
3. Click [ADD VIEW] or [EDIT VIEW].
 The Add View (or Edit View) screen (1 of 2) appears.

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Figure 15-31 Add (or Edit) View (1 of 2)

4. Type a View Name. Do not use spaces. Use underscores ( _ ) to separate words.
5. From the Position View After drop-down list, select the placement of the view within the
exam.
6. Select the Acquisition Type:
 Options are:
– Standard
– Dual Energy
7. Check if horizontal image flip is to be applied when displaying the image.
8. Select the Anatomy.
NOTE: This will determine the image processing for the view. Be sure to select the
appropriate anatomy for the body part imaged.
9. Select the most appropriate View (AP, Lat, etc.).

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10. Select the Laterality:

 Options are:
– Paired (exam has R or L, as with extremities). This selection allows the Patient Side
control to become active on the Image Acquisition screen. Refer to Chapter 7
Image Acquisition for more information.
– Unpaired (such as abdomen or chest).
11. Select the Default Position:
 Options are:
– Head up – patient is in normal head first position on table relative to detector
– Head down – patient is on the table feet first
12. Click [NEXT].
 The Add View (or Edit View) screen (2 of 2) appears.
Figure 15-32 Add (or Edit) View (2 of 2)

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13. Select all Patient Sizes you want available for the view. The default size will
automatically be selected.
14. Select Receptors and Modes for each selected receptor.
15. Select the Default Mode (AEC or Fixed) for each receptor.
16. Select the Default Receptor.
17. Click [OK].
 The Review screen appears.

18. Click [EDIT TECHNIQUE].

 The Edit Techniques screen appears.

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Figure 15-33 Edit technique screen

19. Change the exam parameters as appropriate.

20. Upon completion for each view, click [NEXT TECH] to populate all available techniques.
21. When finished, click [EXAM MENU].
 The Exam Menu appears.
22. Click [SAVE].
 A message appears: “Changes have been made to the Protocol Database. Would you
like to save these changes?”
23. Click [YES].
 The Preferences – Protocols screen appears.
24. Click [CLOSE].
 A message appears: “Changes have been made to the Protocol Database. Would you
like to save these changes?”
25. Click [YES].
 The Preferences Protocol screen closes and returns you to the Worklist.

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Protocol Editor Copy Functions

Follow this process to access the Protocol Database Editor.
1. From the Worklist, select [UTILITIES].
2. Select Preferences > Protocols.
3. Click [EDIT].
 The Exam Menu appears.
Figure 15-34 Exam menu screen

4. Select the Category, Exam, or View.

5. Click [COPY] for Category, Exam, or View.
6. Continue with Copy Category, Copy Exam, or Copy View.
Copy Category
1. Enter the new name to use or retype the existing name.
NOTE: If reusing the existing name, be sure to include any underscores in the title.
2. Select the position on the Category list.
3. Click [OK].

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4. Continue with Copy Exam.

Copy Exam
1. Enter the new name to use or retype the existing name.
2. Select the Category to copy to.
3. Select the position on the Exam list.
4. Click [OK].
5. Continue with Copy View.

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Copy View
1. Enter the Exam Name to use or retype the existing name.
2. Select the Copy to Category from the list.
3. Select the Copy to Exam from the list.
4. Select the Position View from the list.
5. Click [OK].

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Appendix A

In the effort to provide aid for our customers in complying with the Health Insurance and
Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), the Enterprise Access Authorization and Audit
(EA3) control features have been implemented in this product. It is the facility’s responsibility
to ensure the proper usage of these features in order to conform to the Privacy Act.
Topics covered include:
• Enabling EA3 Login
• Understanding Local and Enterprise Environments
• Understanding Privileges, Groups, and Users
• Administering Groups and Users
– Accessing the Login Administration Screens
– Working with Groups
 Add Groups
 Assign Privileges to Groups
 Remove Groups
 Show Protected Groups
– Working with Users
 Add Users
 Assign Users to Groups
 Change User Password
 Remove Users
 Show Protected Users
• Viewing the Audit Log

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• Administering System Configuration

– Change Display Settings and Enable Enterprise Authorization
– Configure Enterprise Authorization
– Configure Audit Log
– Use LDAP Console

Enabling EA3 Login

On the Service User Interface, click on the Configuration Tab and select the Advanced
Options. Click on the Radio Buttons available to Enable/ Disable the HIPAA option. By default
the HIPAA option is disabled.
The Login feature can be turned on or off by your Field Engineer.

Understanding Local and Enterprise Environments

The login function may be administered at either a local or enterprise level.
Local (or stand-alone) login administration is for a piece of equipment or information system
to have its own set of login names and passwords. Each local system needs to have users
with admin access set up to administer the login function. From the user’s perspective, he or
she needs a login name and password for each piece of equipment and information system
necessary to perform his or her job.
Enterprise login administration is to use the site’s existing login names and passwords to
allow access to multiple pieces of equipment and information systems throughout the site.
The login function is administered centrally by the site’s system administrator because each
system sends and receives login information over the network. From the user’s perspective,
he or she only needs one login name and password to access all equipment and systems
necessary to perform his or her job.
For mobile units in an enterprise environment, login information is sent and received only
when the unit is connected to the network.

Understanding Privileges, Groups, and Users

Privileges are the rights to access a system or piece of equipment and perform certain
functions. Privileges are assigned to groups. The privileges are created by GE and cannot be
changed. They are:
• GEHC Service allows access to all functions for service and maintenance personnel.

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• Administrator allows access to the Login administration and Preferences functions in

addition to being able to add procedures to the Worklist, conduct exams, and manage
images.
• Standard and Limited User only allows access to add procedures to the Worklist,
conduct exams and manage images.
Groups are categories of users that have certain privileges assigned. Users get their
privileges from groups. A user may be assigned to several groups. Groups are created and
assigned privileges by a user with GE Service or Administrator access. If you do not have an
enterprise system, the assignment of group privileges will probably be limited to those who
have administrator privileges and those who don’t. If your system is set up for enterprise
login, your IT person or administrator will be using more of the features.
When equipment is installed in an enterprise environment, the administrator configures the
enterprise groups that the equipment will use. That is, the enterprise environment will have
groups for many levels of access and job descriptions, the administrator will set the
individual piece of equipment to use a sub-set of those groups.
Users are individuals who have permission to use a particular system. Users are created
and assigned to groups by a user with GE Service or Administrator access. These
administrators may be IT personnel in an enterprise environment, or a site manager or lead
tech in stand-alone environments. The administrator adds new users and assigns the users
to a group which dictates the level of privileges a person will have. For example, a person
named Sue Smith could belong to a group called technologists, radiologists, administrators,
or any combination.
When configuring a system (enterprise or local) always create the groups and assign group
privileges first, then add individual users to the groups.

Administering Groups and Users

This section describes how to perform the tasks relating to administering the login function.

Accessing the Login Administration Screens

Follow this process to gain access to the login administration screens.
Follow this process to log on to the system.
1. Start up the system or log off the previous user.
 The Login screen appears.
2. Type in your Login Name.
3. Type in your Password.

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4. Click [LOGIN].
 If you have administrator access, a message (Figure A-1) appears: “You have both
regular user and admin user privileges. To access the admin screen, select the check
box before continuing with the login, otherwise just continue with the login.”
 If the message does not appear, then you do not have access to the login
administration functions.
5. Select the Enter admin screen checkbox.
6. Click [LOGIN].
 The Login Administration screen appears.
 [CANCEL] closes the message and returns you to the main Login screen.
7. Click [EXIT] on the bottom of any login administration screen to return to the standard
login screen.
Figure A-1 Administrator access message

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Working with Groups

The Group and Permissions Mapping tab (Figure A-2) allows you to add groups, remove
groups, and assign privileges to groups. On this screen, the four privileges categories are at
the top of the screen (columns) and the group names are at the left edge of the screen
(rows).
Figure A-2 Group and Permissions Mapping tab

Add Groups
1. Select the Group and Permissions Mapping tab, if necessary.
2. Click [ADD GROUP].
3. Type a name for the group in the text box that appears near the bottom of the screen
(Figure A-3).
Figure A-3 Add group text box

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NOTE: Remember the following when creating group names:

– Group names cannot have spaces or uppercase (capital) letters. Use all lower-
case letters in the group name and use underscores to separate words.
– Group names cannot begin with a number.
– The group name must be unique. That is, the system will not allow two groups
to have the same name.
4. Click [ADD LOCAL GROUP] or [ADD ENTERPRISE GROUP] as appropriate.
 The new group name is added to the table.
 If the group name cannot be used you will receive a message that informs you of the
problem. Type the correct information and click [SUBMIT] again.
Assign Privileges to Groups
1. Click a group name to select it.
2. Select the checkbox under the privilege heading. Refer to Understanding Privileges,
Groups, and Users for definitions of privileges.
NOTE: The Service privilege is protected and cannot be selected. Only GE Service personnel
can assign a group to the Service privilege.
3. Click on a selected checkbox to remove the privilege.
NOTE: You may select or deselect privileges for multiple groups.
4. Click [APPLY GROUP SETTINGS].
 A message appears: “Apply group settings.”
5. Click [APPLY NOW].

Remove Groups
1. Click a group name to select it.
NOTE: You are able to only delete one group at a time.
2. Click [REMOVE GROUP].
 A message appears: “Remove Group xxxx?”
3. Click [REMOVE NOW].

Show Protected Groups

There is a class of groups identified as protected groups. The privileges assigned to these
groups can only be modified by a GE Service Engineer.
Select the Show Protected Groups checkbox to see these groups. Protected groups and
privileges are shown with a violet (light purple) background.

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Figure A-4 Protected groups

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Working with Users

The Local User Management tab (Figure A-5) allows you to add users, assign users to
groups, change user passwords, and remove users. On this screen, the available groups are
at the top of the screen (columns) and the user names are on the left edge of the screen
(rows).
Figure A-5 Local User Management tab

Add Users
1. Select the Local User Management tab, if necessary.
2. Click [ADD USER].
 Five text boxes appear near the bottom of the screen (Figure A-6).
Figure A-6 Add user text boxes

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3. Type a Username.
NOTE: Remember the following when creating user names:
– You cannot use the names “operator”, “admin”, or “administrator.” These names
are reserved for use by the system and GE Service personnel.
– User names cannot have spaces or uppercase (capital) letters. Use all lower-
case letters in the username and use underscores to separate words.
– User names cannot have special characters: ~!@#%^&*()+=[]{}\|:;’”,.<>/?
– User names cannot begin with a number.
– The User name must be unique. That is, the system will not allow two people to
have the same user name.
4. Type the user’s First Name.
 This text box may be left blank but it is recommended that you type a name.
NOTE: Capital letters, spaces, and punctuation are allowed in the First Name and Last Name
text boxes.
5. Type the user’s Last Name.
 This text box may be left blank but it is recommended that you type a name.
6. Type a Password.
NOTE: The default system does not have pre-configured standards for password format or
construction; however, your facility may have password standards that must be
followed. Ask your facility’s System Administrator about password standards and
create passwords that conform to those standards.
7. Re-type the password in the Confirm Password text box.
NOTE: The passwords must match exactly to be accepted.
8. Click [SUBMIT].
 The new user is added to the table.
 If the Username cannot be used or if the passwords do not match, you will receive a
message that informs you of the problem. Type the correct information and click
[SUBMIT] again.
Assign Users to Groups
1. Select the checkbox under the group heading to add the user to that group.
2. Click on a selected checkbox to remove the user from the group.
NOTE: You may select or deselect groups for multiple users.
NOTE: You cannot change the group assignments for protected users.

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3. Click [APPLY USER SETTINGS].

Change User Password

You cannot see user’s passwords for security reasons. In the event of a forgotten password,
you may change the password and then tell the user the new password.
1. Click a user name to select it.
2. Click [CHANGE PASSWORD].
 The Password and Change Password text boxes appear.
Figure A-7 Change password

3. Type a password into the New Password field.

NOTE: The default system does not have pre-configured standards for password format or
construction; however, your facility may have password standards that must be
followed. Ask your facility’s System Administrator about password standards and
create passwords that conform to those standards.
4. Re-type the password into the Confirm Password field.
5. Click [SUBMIT].

Remove Users
1. Click a user name to select it.
NOTE: You cannot delete protected users.
2. Click [REMOVE GROUP].
 A message appears: “Remove User xxx?”
3. Click [REMOVE NOW].

Show Protected Users

There is a class of users identified as protected users. The privileges assigned to these users
can only be modified by a GE Service Engineer.
Select the Show Protected Users checkbox to see these users. Protected users and groups
are shown with a violet (light purple) background.

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Figure A-8 Protected users

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Viewing the Audit Log

The audit log provides information about who has accessed the system, when the system
has been accessed, and the type of login (that is, emergency logins). The log settings are
configured through the Configuration-Audit Log tab. Refer to Configure Audit Log for more
information.
Figure A-9 Log Viewer tab

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Administering System Configuration

The Configuration tab (Figure A-10)allows you to perform several tasks that effect how the
login function works.
When the Configuration tab is selected, another row of tabs appears. The following sections
describe the controls available for each tab.

Change Display Settings and Enable Enterprise Authorization

The Configuration-Configuration tab (Figure A-10) allows you to set the inactivity timeout
period, control whether the Emergency Login button appears, and to enable enterprise
authorization.
Table A-1 describes each function.
Figure A-10 Configuration-Configuration tab

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 A-13

Table A-1 Configuration function descriptions

Function Description

Inactivity timeout Sets the number of minutes before automatic logout will
occur. For example, if you enter 10 minutes, the system
will display the splash screen after 10 minutes of inactivity
(no keyboard entry or mouse movements), requiring the
user to log in. When logging back in, the system is
returned to its last know state.
To disable inactivity timeout, enter “0”.

Display Emergency Allows the Emergency Login button to be shown on the

Button Login screen. If this button is not displayed, only those
users with a valid account can log onto the system.

Display Emergency When the [EMERGENCY LOGON] button is clicked, displays

Prompt a prompt that requires emergency users enter their
names.

Cache Enterprise Users Allows all users previously set up on the system to log in
even if the site network is down.

Enable Enterprise Verifies users and what privileges they have based on the
Authentication network settings at your site.

Enable Authorization For facilities with enterprise login, enables checking group
membership before allowing users to enter the system.
With authorization, you must add user groups to the
group tab in order to let people log in.

[APPLY Applies the settings.

CONFIGURATION]

[RESTORE] Restores the setting to the last applied configuration. That

is, when the [APPLY CONFIGURATION] button was last
clicked.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 A-14

Configure Enterprise Authorization

The Configure-Enterprise Tab is used by the site’s IT (Information Technology) or GE Service
personnel. It provides connectivity to the site’s user database. If you do not have a network
established in your facility, this tab will not be used.
When the fields on the left side of the screen are completed, the fields on the right side
auto-populate with suggested defaults.
To change the defaults, deselect the Use default settings checkbox and modify the
information as appropriate.
Click [APPLY CONFIGURATION] to apply the settings.
The [RESTORE] button resets the tab to the last saved settings.
Figure A-11 Configuration-Enterprise tab

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 A-15

Configure Audit Log

If enterprise authorization is enabled, this tab controls if audit logging is to be enables, which
hosts will be tracked, and the number of events to track.
Click [SUBMIT] to apply the settings.
Figure A-12 Configuration -Audit Log tab

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 A-16

Use LDAP Console

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) functions are available from the
Configuration-LDAP Console tab.
Figure A-13 Configuration-LDAP Console table

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 A-17

This page intentionally left blank.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 A-18

Appendix B

System Specification

Environment Requirements

Transportation and Storage Conditions

– Environment temperature: -20°~70°C (-4°~158°F) (The environment temperature of
digital detector and monitor: (+0°C ~ +50°C) (32°~122°F)
– Relative humidity: 10 ~ 80%
– Atmospheric pressure: 700 ~ 1060 hPa

Operating Conditions
– Environment temperature: 10°~ 30°C (50°~86°F)
– Relative humidity: 10 ~ 80%
– Atmospheric pressure: 700 ~ 1060 kPa

Power Supply Conditions

– Power voltage: 3-phase 380V ± 10%
– Frequency: 50Hz ± 1Hz
– Impedance: ≤ 0.2 Ω
– Instant current: ≤ 110A

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 B-1

Power Output
– Max output:
50 kW (630mA@80kV )
– Nominal output:
50 kW (500mA@100kV, 0.1s )

X-ray Tube Voltage

– Adjustment range : 40 ~ 150 kV, minimum increment 1kV
– Allowable deviation: ≤ ± (3% + 2kV)

X-ray Tube Current

– Adjustment range : (total 19 steps by R'10: 10.0, 12.5, 16.0, 20.0, 25.0, 32.0, 40.0, 50.0,
63.0, 80.0, 100.0, 125.0, 160.0, 200.0, 250.0, 320.0, 400.0, 500.0, 630.0mA)
– Allowable deviation: ≤ ± 15%

DOSE/DAP Specification
– Typical Dose/DAP value: Dose 90μGy, DAP 10.5μGy*m2
– For Chest 120kVp, 2mAs, 180cm SID, 41cmX41cm FOV, 25cm patient thickness.
– The acceptable tolerance of displayed Dose/DAP value is ±30% compared to actual
Dose and DAP value.
– As the Phantom, use a 20cm thick polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) rectangular
block with sides equal to or exceeding 25cm to be representative of an average
patient (the Phantom may be fabricated from layers of material).

Time of Exposure
– X-ray tube exposure time range: 2.0 ms ~ 2 s (total 31 steps by R'10 ?2.0, 2.5, 3.2, 4.0,
5.0, 6.3, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 16.0, 20.0, 25.0, 32.0, 40.0, 50.0, 63.0, 80.0, 100, 125, 160, 200,
250, 320, 400, 500, 630, 800ms, 1.00, 1.25, 1.60, 2.00s)
– Allowable deviation: ≤ ± ( 10% + 1ms)
NOTE: The exposure time range listed above is for Fixed Mode exposure only. For AEC mode,
the exposure time will be automatically determined by the generator, which is
possible to reach 1ms.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 B-2

Current Time Product

– Adjustment range : 0.50mAs~ 630mAs ( step adjustment )
– Allowable deviation: ≤ ± ( 10% + 0.2mAs)

Preferences Output
Preferences output by photography (intermittent).

Preferences Output by photography (intermittent)

Maximum tube current for operation at nominal tube 150kV, 320mA
voltage
Maximum tube voltage for operation at nominal tube 630mA, 80kV
current
Highest electric output power 50kW(630mA, 80kV)
Nominal output power with 100kV, 0.1s 50 KW (500mA, 100kV)
The Min mAs of exposure 0.5mAs (combinatIon of multiple mA
and ms)
Nominal Shortest Irradiation Time in AEC mode 2.0ms
The range of mAs in AEC mode 0.02mAs - 512mAs

X-ray Tube Assembly

– Anode rotation
– Focal spot: 0.6/1.2
– Anode Heat capacity: 150kHu (for Tube E7843X/GE Vamana), 300kHu (for Tube
E7884X)
– Radiation leakage technique factors: 150kV, 3.4mA

Collimator
– Radiation leakage technique factors: 150kV, 3.4mA

X-ray Source Assembly

– Radiation leakage technique factors: 150kV, 3.4mA

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 B-3

Radiation Protection
X-ray tube (E7843X) filtration 1.3 mmAl@75kV
X-ray tube (E7884X) filtration 1.3 mmAl@75kV
GE Vamana tube 1.3 mmAl@75kV
Collimator filtration 1.5 mmAl@100kV
Table top filtration < 1.0 mmAl@100kV
Wall Stand filtration < 0.7 mmAl@100kV

Mechanical Movement Range (Length & Angle)

– Movement range of digital table top
 Longitudinal movement: 850mm ± 10mm
 Lateral movement for DR-F: 220mm ± 10mm
 Lateral movement for Brivo XR385: 180mm (+0,-10mm)
 Detector movement in detector tray: 530mm ± 10mm
– X-ray tube movement range
 X-ray tube angulation around tube arm: 120°; Tube angulation precision: ±1°
 Rotating angle of X-ray tube around vertical arm: ± 180°
 X-ray tube longitudinal movement along the tube stand rail: 1710mm ± 10mm
SID : 530 mm ~ 1100 mm
– Detector vertical movement in wall stand: min 500mm ± 10mm; max 1760mm ±
10mm
– Precision of the distance between X-ray source and SID: ± 1.8%SID precision

Braking Force and Starting Force

– Starting force of tube stand slide operation ≤ 49N
– There is braking device in the tube stand slide part, and the braking force ≥ 100N
– Starting force of table top operation ≤ 49N
– Table top should have braking device, the braking force ≥ 100N
– Vertical movement of wallstand detector starting force ≤ 49N
– Wall stand has braking device, the braking force ≥ 100N

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 B-4

Load Bearing
The weight capacity of the DR-F table top is 180 kg (397 lbs) and Brivo XR385 table top is 220
kg (485 lbs). In this condition, the table top can be in normal working status.

Noise
The noise is ≤ 60dB(A) in non-loading working status (not including the non-continuous or
non-periodic noise within 3 seconds).

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 B-5

Appendix C

Glossary of Terms and

Acronyms

This appendix defines the X-ray terms necessary for a working understanding of your
system. We could in no way list all terms associated with X-ray as it relates to GE
equipment, but choose to include a few that may prove helpful when using this guide. This
glossary also provides the identification of the various acronyms used in this guide. The
phrase is written out in full, followed by the acronym enclosed in parentheses.

A
Active Exam: An open exam whose images are currently displayed.

Active Screen: The screen whose title bar is highlighted.

Alert Box: A box that appears on the screen to give a warning or to report an error
message. Also see Dialog Box.

Amorphous Silicon Array: The array of pixels which generate image data which has been
deposited on the glass substrate. The Amorphous Silicon Array is created through a
Vapor Deposition process (PECVD Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition).

Application Program: A program that performs a specific task. Also called an application.

Arrow Keys: The four directional keys in the lower-right corner of the keyboard.

AWS: See Acquisition Workstation.

B
Basic Grayscale Print SCU: A DICOM term meaning the system can print an image.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 C-1

Button: A push-button-like image that can appear in screens, dialog boxes or anywhere on
screen. Buttons are used to perform actions, confirm requests, etc.

C
Cancel Button: A button which appears in a dialog box. Clicking it cancels the command.

Caps Lock Key: A key which causes subsequently typed letters to appear in uppercase. It
does not affect numbers and other non-letter symbols.

Case-Sensitive: A term applied to fields or tasks which are able to distinguish between
uppercase characters and lowercase characters. For example, the password and filter
fields are case-sensitive.

Cesium Iodide: A scintillator material that converts X-rays to light.

Check Box: Check boxes are used to select one or more items. Placing the mouse over the
check box and clicking once places an “x” or a check mark inside the box. To uncheck a
box, click once on the “x” or check mark.

Click: To position the mouse pointer (cursor) on an item and then press and quickly release
the mouse button.

Close: To shut or minimize a screen by choosing the Close command.

Cobb angle: The angle formed by projecting the ends of two non intersecting lines until
they do intersect.

Configuration: The total combination of components making up a computer system.

Configure: To change software or hardware actions by changing settings.

Cursor: A symbol displayed on the screen marking where the next action takes effect or
where the next typed character appears. Also used to describe the mouse pointer.

Cut: To remove an item by placing it onto the clipboard by selecting the item and then
choosing Cut from a menu.

D
DAP: Dose Area Product. The entrance dose estimate multiplied by the field-of-view area at
the corresponding distance from receptor.

Data: Information; especially information used or manipulated by a computer program.

Database: A collection of information organized in a form that can be readily accessed,

manipulated, and sorted on a computer network.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 C-2

Database Management System: A software system for organizing, storing, retrieving,

analyzing, and modifying information in a database.

Default: A value, action, or setting a computer system uses unless you override or change
it.

Delete: To remove an item, such as a character or word from a file, or a file from a disk.

Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE): DQE measures the efficiency of the transfer of both
the signal and noise. This measure is most representative of Flat Panel Digital Detector
image quality with regard to the observer’s ability to detect objects of interest in the
image.

DICOM: Digital Imaging COmmunications in Medicine is a standard which is a framework

for medical imaging communication.

Disabled: A menu item or menu that cannot be chosen; the menu item or menu title
appears dimmed. A disabled item in a dialog or alert box has no effect when clicked.

Display: A general term to describe what you see on the screen of your monitor.

Double-Click: (n.) Two clicks in quick succession, interpreted as a single command. The
action of a double-click is different from a single-click.

Drag: To position the pointer on an item, press the mouse button, move the mouse pointer
to where you would like the item, and release the mouse button.

Drop-Down List: A drop-down list is a hidden menu that appears when you click an arrow,
button or menu title.

DQE: See Detective Quantum Efficiency.

Dynamic Range: The range of exposures over which the panel generates a signal. This
range of exposures is large and is displayed in 14bits, that is, 16383 shades of gray,
which gives the ability to display a wide latitude image.

E
Edit: To change or modify.

Enter Key: A key causing the cursor or insertion point to move to the beginning of the next
line. It’s also used to confirm a command or complete actions.

Error Message: A message displayed to tell you of an error or problem in a program or in

your system.

Exam: A group of individual images and/or image groups for a patient.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 C-3

F
Field: A space where you enter text.

File: A single document, record, application program or other discrete unit of information
which is stored on a computer.

Filename: The name that identifies a file.

Folder: A holder of documents, applications, and even other folders. Folders allow you to
organize information.

Font: A complete set of characters in one design, size, and style.

G
Glass Substrate: A piece of glass (the base) on which a flat panel detector is built. A
detector may have a single glass substrate or several tiled together to create a large
panel.

Gray Scale: Shades of gray on the screen created by varying the intensity of the screen’s
pixels.

H
Hard Copy: Information printed on paper or film, as opposed to being stored on disk or in a
storage device.

Hardware: The computer and the machines attached to it.

Highlight: To make something visually distinct, usually by inverting the display. When you
select items on screen, they are usually highlighted in some way.

HIS: Hospital Information System.

I
Icon: An image that graphically represents an object, a concept, or a message. Icons are
often combined with buttons (a button with a picture on it instead of text).

Image Group: A collection of images for a patient acquired using the same procedure.

Invert Grey Scale: To change bright pixels of an image to dark and dark pixels to bright
while maintaining the inter-pixel brightness relationship.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 C-4

K
Keyboard Shortcut: A keystroke you can use instead of a mouse action to perform a task.
Usually a combination of the Alt key and another key, used to invoke a menu item from
the keyboard.

L
Limiting Spatial Resolution (LSR): The spatial frequency at which an observer can no
longer see a high contrast, structured periodic test pattern under favorable test
conditions such as no scatter, no effect of focal spot prenumbra, and high dose.

Looks (image processing): The way an image is processed to be viewed by a radiologist for
interpretation.

LSR: See Limiting Spatial Resolution.

M
Menu: A list of choices presented by a program, from which you can select an action.

Modality Worklist SCU: A DICOM term meaning the system can get scheduled procedures
from a RIS system.

Modulation Transfer Function (MTF): Measures the resolution of a system in idealized

conditions (no noise, high contrast objects). MTF, by itself, is not representative of the
ability of a system to detect objects since it does not include the effect of noise.

Mouse: A small device that controls a pointer (cursor) on the screen The way you move the
mouse controls the way the pointer moves on the screen. You use the pointer to select
operations, to move data, and to draw with in graphics programs.

MPPS: Multiple Patient Procedure Series. When configured for MPPS, the System sends
information like which exam is in progress, when a Study is completed, how many
images were acquired, and the radiation dose.

MTF: See Modulation Transfer Function.

N
Network: A collection of interconnected, individually controlled computers, together with
the hardware and software used to connect them. A network allows you to share data
and peripheral devices and to exchange electronic mail.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 C-5

O
Offline: (adj.) Not currently connected to or under the control of the computer.

Online: (adj.) Currently connected to and under the control of the computer.

Open: To make available. A file may not be read from or written to until it is open. You can
usually open an application or file by double-clicking on its icon.

Open Exam: An exam selected and opened using the worklist or radiology history browsers
and not yet closed.

P
Password: A secret, unique word or set of characters that must be entered before you can
access an application.

Paste: To place the contents of the Clipboard at the insertion point.

Pixel Pitch: The center to center distance between adjacent pixels on a detector.

Pointer: A small shape on the screen (usually an arrow) that follows the movement of the
mouse or shows where your next action takes place. Also called a cursor.

Position: The portion of the image plate exposed for the exam.

Press: To touch a key on the keyboard to activate a function.

Prompt: A message on the screen that tells you of a need for response or action.

Q
Query/Retrieve SCU: A DICOM term meaning the system can query a remote data base
and retrieve images.

QAP: A periodic inspection program established to assure continued performance of the GE

Portable DR Detector.

R
Read Out Electronics: Electronics attached to the flat panel detector that scans the panel
and converts the electrical signal at each pixel into a digital stream which is sent to the
computer.

Remote Clinical Review Station: Used by Physicians and ancillary personnel for quick
review/display of images. Usually a 1K x 1K monitor.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 C-6

Remote Diagnostic Review Station: Used by the Radiologist to make a diagnosis. Usually
made up of two to four 2k x 2K monitors.

Resolution: The number of shades of gray that can captured by the detector (flat panels
usually about 12-14 bits).

RIS: Radiology Information System.

S
Save: To store information by transferring it from main memory to a disk.

Screen: An area displaying information on a desktop.

Scintillator: Absorber material layered on top of the Amorphous Silicon Array. The
scintillator converts X-ray photons into light photons.

SCP: A DICOM term for Service Class Provider.

Scroll: (1) To move a worklist or other display in its screen so a different part of it is visible. (2)
To move all the text on the screen upward or downward, right, and left.

Scroll Button: An arrow at either end of a scroll bar.

Scroll Bar/Slider: A rectangular bar that may be along the right or bottom of a screen used
to navigate around the screen.

SCU: A DICOM term for Service Class User.

Selenium: A material used in combination with an amorphous silicon array that converts
X-ray photons directly into electronic signals. Not used by GE.

Series: The images from an exam may be broken down into “Series”. A series may consist of
multiple image groups (e.g.: one series with multiple echo times may be broken into
image groups by echo time). Series can also contain only a single image group.

Shared File Server: A file system allowing multiple users to have access to its data.

SID: Source to Image Distance.

Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR): This represents the amount of useful image information (signal)
compared to non-useful information (noise).

SNR: See Signal to Noise Ratio.

Software: A collective term for programs.

Storage Commitment SCU: A DICOM term meaning the system can get confirmation of
storage from an archive system.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 C-7

System Administrator: The person responsible for maintaining the patient database and
central storage unit; ensuring system security; and assigning passwords and access
privileges. Remote facilities may not have an on-site System Administrator.

T
Teleradiology: Technology by which digitized medical diagnostic images and related
information are transmitted from one location to another. Also referred to as “Telerad”.

Text Box: The place or places in any dialog box where you can type information.

Tiling: Attaching several small detectors together to form one large flat panel detector. This
is sometimes referred to as stitched together.

Tool Palette: A collection of tool buttons that lets you change the way an image appears
on the screen. Appears in the View tab only.

U
Uniformity: Uniform brightness from edge to edge. Uniform resolution and no geometric
distortion.

User: A person operating or controlling a computer system.

User Interface: A user input/output device for the system. The rules and conventions by
which a computer system communicates with the person operating it.

Utility: In general, an application program performing a relatively simple function or set of

functions.

W
Window/Level Adjustment: Changing the contrast and brightness of an image.

Worklist: A listing of exams from which you can select. The Worklist menu enables you to
choose the list you want to display.

Workstation: A computer you use to do your work and send or receive information over a
network. It is also used to do advanced processing. It is usually located remotely and
may have 1K or 2K monitors.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 C-8

Appendix D

Revision History

Revision History
Revision Date Reason
1 2007/11/30 Initial release.
2 2008/05/08 Remove LING LONG, update Detector Overview.
3 2008/08/28 Add WARNING message.
4 2009/03/20 Add Tube Warm Up Instruction in Chapter 5.
Add Grid information.
5 2009/05/20 Update typeset for label in Chapter 2.
6 2009/09/20 Update the information of power off break.
7 2010/10/20 Minor Revisions.
8 2011/04/20 Add chapter 3 Pediatrics and small patients.
Updated description of DOSE reporting.
9 2011/08/09 Updated EMC statement typo and add Safety Standards in
Chapter 2
10 2012/06/16 Add requirement to meet the 3rd edition IEC60601
standards.
11 2012/09/07 Minor Update
12 2013/01/21 Update due to a new Tube Model design.
13 2014/08/20 Update due to RCIM design
14 2015/08/20 Add elevating table configuration.
15 2015/01/06 Remove elevating table configuration.
16 2016/10/20 Change TOSHIBA Tube Label.
17 2017/7/28 Medical Device Directive: added the year of CE marking.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 D-1

This page intentionally left blank.

5265602-1EN Rev. 17 D-2

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